High Voltage Circuit Breaker
[Link]/answers
HISTORY
Siemens AG
Schaltwerk Berlin
Switchgear Factory
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Milestones in the company’s history
1816
December 13, 1816: Werner von Siemens is born in Lenthe, near
Hanover, Germany. He is a tenant farmer’s child, the fourth of 14.
He died in December 06, 1892 in Berlin
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Milestones in the company’s history
1847
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Milestones in the company’s history
1847
Werner von Siemens constructs the pointer telegraph, an invention that
enables him to lay the cornerstone of his company. In the same year, the
Siemens & Halske Telegraph Construction Company is founded in Berlin.
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Milestones in the company’s history
1866
Werner von Siemens discovers the dynamoelectric principle and invents
the dynamo. With these innovations, the economic generation of electrical
energy in large quantities becomes possible. Soon thereafter Siemens
built the Indo-European telegraph line – 11,000 kilometers from London to
Calcutta.
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Milestones in the company’s history
1905 1879
1882
1881
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Milestones in the company’s history
1879
The first electric railway is presented at the Berlin Trade Fair. This railway
is powered by a Siemens generator, which delivers 8 kilowatts of power.
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Milestones in the company’s history
1884
For the first time, the Friedrichstrasse generating station in Berlin supplies
electric power: the recipients are Café Bauer, the Kaiserhallen and the
residential block at Unter den Linden 25 and 27.
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Milestones in the company’s history
1885
For the first time in history, electric power is offered for sale to private
customers. With 28 customers, the Markgrafenstrasse master station in
Berlin is Germany’s first public power plant.
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Siemensstadt beginning 1913
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Switchgear Factory
1923
Schaltwerk
Nonnendammallee
Dynamowerk
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Siemensstadt 1930
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Switchgear Factory
1966
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TODAY
Siemens AG
Schaltwerk Berlin
Switchgear Factory
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Switchgear factory Berlin 2013
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Switchgear Factory Berlin
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Sectors and Divisions as of October 1, 2011
Energy Healthcare Industry Infrastructure &
Cities
Divisionen Divisionen Divisionen Divisionen
§ Fossil Power § Imaging & Therapy § Industry § Rail Systems
Generation Systems Automation § Mobility and
§ Wind Power § Clinical Products § Drive Technologies Logistics
§ Solar & Hydro § Diagnostics § Customer Services § Low and Medium
§ Oil & Gas § Customer Voltage
§ Energy Service Solutions § Smart Grid
§ Power § Building
Transmission Technologies
§ OSRAM*
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Power Transmission Division –
The link between power generation
and distribution
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Power Transmission Division – Products
TR
HP
TS
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Switchgear Factory Berlin
History und practical Experience (esp. High Voltage)
1910 Start of switchgear production in Berlin
1930 First expansion Circuit Breaker
1964 Delivery of the first 245 kV SF6-Circuit-Breakers
1968 Delivery of the first 145 kV SF6-Gas-Insulated-Switchgear
1975 Delivery of the first GIL 420 kV
1977 Delivery of the first Vacuum-Circuit- Breakers Medium-Voltage
1986 Use of SF6 tight cast housing
1996 spring drive and self compression interrupter unit für AIS
1999 Introduction of a new GIS generation – spring drive and self compression interrupter unit
2000 Introduction of Highly Integrated Switchgear (HIS) – outdoor application
2008 First 72,5 kV GIS, first DTC
17.000 Bays in 2.250 Substation with 180.000 bay commission years
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First Siemen’s Breakers
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High Voltage Products
Circuit Breaker
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Circuit Breaker function
Hochleistungsschalter
Nicht besser lässt sich ihr Wesen beschreiben als mit den Worten eines bekannten Fachmannes, der über den
Ölschalter sagt:
„Während Stütz- und Durchführungsisolatoren ein recht ruhiges Dasein in der Station führen und ihre Funktion
erfüllen, wenn sie nur eine dauerhafte Isolation haben, während Trennschalter nur etwa in Betriebspausen ab und zu
ein wenig bewegt werden, steht der Ölschalter gleichsam in der vordersten Front mitten im Kampf der Gewalten; wenn
Wind und Wetter in der Freileitung unheilvoll wüten, wenn ein schlaftrunkener Monteur in einer fernen Unterstation
irgendeine dumme Fehlschaltung macht, stets muss der Ölschalter aufpassen und als geistesgegenwärtiger Chirurg
schnell den kranken Teil aus dem Organismus der Anlage ausschneiden. Theoretiker, Experimentatoren und
Konstrukteure haben viel geistige Arbeit aufwenden müssen, bis der Hochleistungsölschalter geboren war. Dabei kann
man zweifeln, ob das Abschalten großer Leistungen bei niedrigeren oder ganz hohen Spannungen das schwierige
Problem war.“
Diese Worte treffen das Wesen des Hochleistungsschalters allgemein. Er ist nicht nur ein einfacher Betriebsschalter,
sondern auch gleichzeitig ein automatischer Sicherheitsschalter.
High voltage circuit breakers connect and interrupt current circuits
(nominal current and short circuit current interruption) and to carry
the nominal current in the closed position.
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Circuit Breaker ??
First Breaker 1897
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220kV Circuit Breaker 1929
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Milestones in the company’s history
1964
Power reaches the consumers via distribution and transmission systems.
The SF6 circuit breaker is introduced in 1964 in order to switch the
increasingly high voltages that were being transmitted. It operated with
sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as the quenching agent.
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Sulphur Hexafluoride, SF6
Is a colourless, odourless, nontoxic, non-flammable, insulating and cooling gas.
It is five times heavier/denser than air and one of the heaviest known gases.
1900 First operation (France)
1937 First patent as insulating gas (Cooper)
1938 First patent as arc quenching gas (Grosse)
1948 Start of technical production (USA)
1960 First SF6-Power circuit breaker (Westinghouse)
1964 First Siemens-SF6-Power circuit breaker ( puffer type )
1968 First Siemens-GIS with SF6-Insulation
1974 First Siemens-GIL
1995 First Siemens-SF6 –Power circuit breaker ( self compression )
Advantages : - High dielectric strenght
- Regeneration capacity
- Low pressure increase in the case of breakdown
Packaging: Specifications in accordance to DIN IEC- 60376
Steel cylinders of 5, 10, 20, 40 or 50 kg
Container with 460 or 600 kg
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Circuit Breakers
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Circuit Breaker Application in AIS
Surge Instrument Circuit Disconnector Line
Arresters Transformers Breakers Traps
Bushings Earthing switch
Busbar
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Reliable and trendsetting products and systems
through innovative platform solutions
8DN8 GIS 8DN8 HIS
Platform solution
n One basic interrupter unit
n One basic spring drive
mechanism
n Similar operating rod
n Identical SF6 sealing design
n Identical parts of control system
3AP1FG 3AP1DT
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Voltage Levels
Ultra High Voltage
UHV 1200 kV
1100 kV
Extra High Voltage
800 kV
EHV 500 kV (550 kV)
380 kV (420 kV)
220 kV (245 kV)
High Voltage
HV 150 kV (170 kV)
132 kV (145 kV)
Medium Voltage 110 kV (123 kV)
MV 30 kV (36 kV) 52 kV (66 kV)
20 kV (24 kV)
Low Voltage 10 kV (12 kV)
LV 690 V 6 kV (7,2 kV)
400 V There is not strict rule or standard defining
230 V Low-, Medium- and High Voltage levels.
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High-Voltage Circuit-Breaker
Live-Tank vs. Dead-Tank
Live-Tank Dead-Tank
Interrupter unit is not grounded during
Metal-enclosed interrupter unit:
operation:
the housing is always grounded
it is exposed to high voltage potential
Interrupter unit
with contact system
Toroidal-core current
transformer
Control and
drive cubicle
3AP1FG-145 kV 3AP1DT-145 kV
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Substation Technologies – in principle
Bild 1
1960 AIS Indoor AIS
Life Tank
1980 Life Tank AIS Dead Tank GIS
Dead Tank und
2000 Life Tank
AIS Mixed GIS
Technologies
Dead Tank und
2020 Life Tank
AIS Mixed GIS
Technologies
AIS = Air Insulated Switchgear
whole switchgear market
GIS = Gas Insulated Switchgear
Life Tank = Circuit breaker with arcquenchingsystem in high voltage area
Dead Tank = Circuit breaker in encapsulated and grounded housing
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Solutions
AIS Dead Tank & Mixed Technologies GIS
Air AIS- AIS Dead Tank Highly Gas
Product Insulated compact with Compact Integrated Insulated
solutions Switchgear Dead Tank (Bay module) Switchgear Switchgear
(AIS) (AIS - C) (AIS – DT) (DTC) (HIS) (GIS)
Rated 72,5–800 kV 72,5–170 kV 72,5–550 kV 72,5–245 kV 72,5-550 kV 72,5–550 kV
Voltage (800, 1100 (800,1100 kV)
kV)
description One As AIS As AIS Metall For outdoor All devices
functional but but encapsulated, application are
device combination metall CB, CT, optimized encapsulated
of Air CB encapsulated disconnector arrangement and SF6
with CB and CT and earting with full GIS insulated
disconnector switch functionality mainly for
and CT indoor
application
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E T HP CB
Product Range Live Tank
Rated short-circuit
breaking current [kA]
80
3AT2/3 3AT4/5
63
50
40
31,5
25
3AP1 FI 3AP2/3 FI 3AP4/5 FI
3AP1 FG
0
72,5 123 145 170 245 300 362 420 550 800
Rated voltage [kV]
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Main components of Circuit
Breaker (Live Tank)
insulator
interrupter and
insulating rod
support insulator
base, frame
drive
control unit
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Schaltwerk Berlin
Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter
72,5 kV – 550 kV
(dead-tank)
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E T HP CB
Product Range Dead Tank
Rated short-circuit breaking current [kA]
80
3AP2/3 DT
362 kV 80 kA
63
245 kV
50 63 kA
40
31,5 3AP1 DT 3AP1 DT 3AP2/3 DT
72.5 kV 123/145/170 kV
40 kA 40 kA 362 kV
25
63 kA 550 kV
63 kA
0
72,5 123 145 170 245 300 362 420 550
Rated Voltage [kV]
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Schaltwerk Berlin
Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter
72,5 kV – 245 kV
(Dead-tank Compact)
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E T HP CB
Product Range Dead Tank Compact
Rated short-circuit breaking current [kA]
80
63
50
40
31,5
DTC 245 kV
25 (1 or 3-pole
operation)
DTC 145 kV Rated voltage [kV]
0
72,5 123 145 170 245 300 362 420 550
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Dead Tank Compact
Produktspektrum und
Technische Daten
Typ 3AP1 DTC
Bemessungsspannung [kV] 123 145 245
Kurzzeit-
[kV] 230 275 460
Stehwechselspannung
Steh-Blitzstromspannung [kV] 550 650 1050
Bemessungs-Betriebsstrom [A] 3150* / 2500 3150* / 2500 3150* / 3150
Bemessungs-Kurzschluss-
[kA] 40 40 63
ausschaltstrom, bis
* Circuit Breaker
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Environmental
conditions and figures
Standard High pollution
conditions Earthquakes
High
temperatures Very low
temperatures
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High Voltage Substations
Technologies and Solutions
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Gas-Insulated Switchgear
Product Portfolio
Rated short-breaking current (kA)
63 8DN9 8DQ1 8DR1
50
40 8DN8
31.5
25
72.5 123 145 170 245 300 362 420 550 800
Rated voltage (kV)
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Circuit Breaker Application in GIS and HIS
1 Integrated local control cubicle
2 Current transformer
3 Busbar I with disconnecting and earthing switch
4 Circuit breaker interrupter unit
5 Busbar II with disconnecting and earthing switch
1 6 Spring-stored-energy operating mechanism with
7 circuit breaker control unit (common or single drive)
7 Voltage transformer
2 8
9 8 Make-proof earthing switch (high speed)
3 9 Outgoing module with disconnecting and earthing
switch
4
10 10 Cable sealing end
5
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1968
2009
Since more than 40 years in service State-of-the-art
Berlin, UW Wittenau, Vattenfall Europe, 123 kV, 31.5 kA 145 kV, 40kA GIS
The equipment is gastight
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Old AIS- Switchgear New HIS - Switchgear
before afterwards
HKM Duisburg, 2002
8DN8 3 145 kV 3-fach-SS
8DN8 HIS 123 kV / 40 kA Maximum utilization of existing surface area;
Space reduction of approx. 80 % with a
replacement of an AIS- with a HIS-
Substation
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Future prospects
encapsulated
fully
Grade of encapsulation
GIS
encapsulated
HIS
partly
Dead Tank Compact
Dead Tank
encapsulated
not
Simobreaker
AIS
separate devices partial integration full integration
Integration of functions
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