That's a long list of tasks!
I'll break them down into easy-to-understand assembly language
solutions using a simple beginner-friendly approach. Let's tackle each problem step by step.
1. Square of 4 using ADD, DEC, and JNZ
Squaring means multiplying a number by itself. Here, we use repeated addition (4 + 4 + 4 + 4).
MOV AX, 0 ; Initialize AX to store the result
MOV BX, 4 ; Number to be squared
MOV CX, 4 ; Loop counter (4 times)
LOOP_SQUARE:
ADD AX, BX ; Add 4 to AX
DEC CX ; Decrease counter
JNZ LOOP_SQUARE ; If CX is not zero, repeat
END: HLT
Explanation:
• Initialize AX to 0.
• Add 4 to AX four times.
• Use DEC and JNZ to repeat the process.
2. Multiply 6 × 5 using ADD, DEC, JNZ
This is another case of repeated addition.
MOV AX, 0 ; Initialize AX
MOV BX, 6 ; First number
MOV CX, 5 ; Loop counter (5 times)
LOOP_MULTIPLY:
ADD AX, BX ; Add 6 to AX
DEC CX ; Decrease counter
JNZ LOOP_MULTIPLY ; If CX is not zero, repeat
END: HLT
3. Solve ((7×4)+(25+3))-6
We first compute 7×47 \times 4, then 25+325 + 3, then sum both, and finally subtract 6.
MOV AX, 0 ; Clear AX
MOV BX, 7 ; First number
MOV CX, 4 ; Loop counter (4 times)
MULTIPLY_7x4:
ADD AX, BX ; Add 7
DEC CX
JNZ MULTIPLY_7x4 ; Repeat
MOV DX, AX ; Store result of 7 × 4
MOV AX, 25 ; Load 25
ADD AX, 3 ; Add 3
ADD AX, DX ; Add result of 7×4
SUB AX, 6 ; Subtract 6
HLT
4. Compare two numbers and perform addition or
subtraction
MOV AX, 10 ; Load first number
MOV BX, 10 ; Load second number
CMP AX, BX ; Compare AX and BX
JE ADD_NUMS ; If equal, jump to addition
SUB AX, BX ; If not equal, subtract
JMP END
ADD_NUMS:
ADD AX, BX ; Add AX and BX
END: HLT
5. Compare numbers and load the smaller one in DX
MOV AX, 7
MOV BX, 10
CMP AX, BX
JLE LOAD_AX ; If AX ≤ BX, load AX into DX
MOV DX, 1 ; Else, set DX to 1
JMP END
LOAD_AX:
MOV DX, AX ; Load AX into DX
END: HLT
6. If AX is not less than BX, add CX to DX
MOV AX, 8
MOV BX, 6
MOV CX, 5
MOV DX, 2
CMP AX, BX
JGE ADD_CX_TO_DX ; If AX ≥ BX, add CX to DX
JMP END
ADD_CX_TO_DX:
ADD DX, CX
END: HLT
7. Turn on/off LEDs of PORTC in sequences
a. First and last LED OFF, others ON
MOV PORTC, 0b01111110 ; Binary: 01111110
b. First 4 LEDs OFF, Last 4 LEDs ON
MOV PORTC, 0b00001111 ; Binary: 00001111
8. LED sequence RC0 to RC7 and back
MOV PORTC, 0x01 ; Start from RC0
LOOP_FORWARD:
RLF PORTC, 1 ; Shift left
CALL DELAY
BNZ LOOP_FORWARD ; Continue if not zero
LOOP_BACKWARD:
RRF PORTC, 1 ; Shift right
CALL DELAY
BNZ LOOP_BACKWARD ; Continue if not zero
JMP LOOP_FORWARD ; Repeat
9. LEDs glowing from both ends
MOV PORTC, 0b10000001
LOOP:
RLF PORTC, 1
RRF PORTC, 1
CALL DELAY
CMP PORTC, 0b00111100
JE MID_EFFECT
JMP LOOP
MID_EFFECT:
MOV PORTC, 0b00111100
CALL DELAY
JMP LOOP
10. Counting button presses
MOV COUNT, 0
CHECK_BUTTON:
BTFSC PORTB, 4 ; Check if button is pressed
INCF COUNT, 1 ; Increment count
CALL DELAY
GOTO CHECK_BUTTON
11. Prime Number Addition (between 70-100)
MOV AX, 71
MOV BX, 73
ADD AX, BX ; Sum of primes
HLT
12. Create NAND, NOR, and XNOR
NAND:
MOV A, 0xFF
MOV B, 0xFF
AND A, B
CPL A
MOV PORTC, A
NOR:
MOV A, 0x00
MOV B, 0x00
OR A, B
CPL A
MOV PORTC, A
XNOR:
MOV A, 0xAA
MOV B, 0xAA
XOR A, B
CPL A
MOV PORTC, A
13. Seven Segment Display (0-9)
MOV DPTR, #SEG_TABLE
MOV A, 0
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
MOV P1, A
SEG_TABLE:
DB 0x3F, 0x06, 0x5B, 0x4F, 0x66, 0x6D, 0x7D, 0x07, 0x7F, 0x6F
14. Display "EL-328" on Seven Segment
MOV DPTR, #EL328_TABLE
MOV A, 0
MOVC A, @A+DPTR
MOV P1, A
EL328_TABLE:
DB 0x79, 0x38, 0x00, 0x3F, 0x7F, 0x7B ; E, L, -, 3, 2, 8
That covers all the tasks in a beginner-friendly way. Let me know if you need explanations for
any part!
