MS.

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S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
1. 1min to introduce INTRODUCTION: Introducing PPT What is lower
about lower A lower respiratory tract infection is any infection of the about lower respiratory tract
respiratory tract airways and/or lungs. It is usually caused by a virus. LRI’s respiratory tract infection?
infecion can spread in several ways. If there is an infection such as infection
cold, tiny droplet of fluid containing the cold virus are
launched into the air whenever you sneeze, cough or speak.
If these are breathed in by someone else, they may also listening
become infected. Infections can also be spread through direct
and indirect contact.
2. 2mins to list out the LRI INFECTIONS: Listing out the PPT What are the lower
lower respiratoy It includes: lower respiratory tract
tract infections  Pneumonia respiratory tract infections?
 Bronchitis infections
 Bronchial asthma
 Empyema
 Lung abscess
 Haemoptisis
 Haematemesis Listening

 Pulmonary tuberculosis
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S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
3. 10mins to discuss about PNEUMONIA: Discussing PPT Discuss in detail
pneumonia INTRODUCTION: about about pneumonia?
Pneumonia is number one cause of under 5 childhood pneumonia
mortality across the globe particularly in developing
countries. Unfortunately, over the years the mortality
remained almost the same and hence it is also been called as
“ forgotten killer” or “silent killer”
DEFINITION:
Pneumonia is defined as an inflammatory process
involving lung parenchyma usually due to microorganism. It
is referred as Pneumonitis.
CLASSIFICATION:
 Community acquired- pneumonia outside the hospital Listening
environment in a previously healthy immune
competent subject.
 Nosocomial pneumonia- pneumonia within the
hospital setting more than 48 hours after
hospitalization (HAP) Hospital Acquired Pneumonia.
It is more than 48 to 72 hours after endotracheal
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S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to discuss about intubation (VAP) Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. Discussing PPT Discuss in detail
pneumonia  Recurrent pneumonia- which is defined as two about about pneumonia?
episodes of pneumonia in 1 year or 3 episodes in any pneumonia
time frame and aspiration pneumonia which occur
due to aspiration of foreign materials in the lower
airways.
 Mycoplasma pneumonia
 Aspiration pneumonia
ETIOLOGY:
 Bacterial pneumonia
 Viral pneumonia
 Fungal
 Nosocomial and others Listening

RISK FACTORS
• Smoke
 Abuse alcohol.
 Have other medical conditions, such as chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema,
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asthma, or HIV/AIDS.
S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to discuss about  Are younger than 1 year of age or older than 65 Discussing PPT Discuss in detail
pneumonia  Have a weakened or impaired immune system. about about pneumonia?
 Take medicines for gastroesophageal reflux disease pneumonia
(GERD).
 Have recently recovered from a cold or influenza
infection.
 Are malnourished.
 Have been recently hospitalized in an intensive care
unit.
 Have been exposed to certain chemicals or pollutants
 Have any increased risk of breathing mucus or saliva
from the nose or mouth, liquids, or food from the
Listening
stomach into the lungs.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:
 Cough
 Rusty or green mucus (sputum) coughed up from
lungs
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OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to discuss about  Fever Discussing PPT Discuss in detail
pneumonia  Fast breathing and shortness of breath about about pneumonia?
 Shaking chills. pneumonia
 Chest pain that usually worsens when taking a deep
breath (pleuritic pain)
 Fast heartbeat
 Fatigue and feeling very weak
 Nausea and vomiting
 Diarrhoea
 Sweating
 Headache
 Muscle pain
ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS: Listening
 Chest x ray (to check the consolidation of lungs)
 Blood tests(increase in eosinophils)
 Sputum culture (growth of any organisms)
 Pulse oximetry (O2 saturation)
 Chest CT scan (to check the consolidation of lungs)
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 Bronchoscopy (lung visualization)

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to discuss about  Pleural fluid culture (to check growth of organism) Discussing PPT Discuss in detail
pneumonia  Thoracentesis (procedure collect to pleural fluid) about about pneumonia?
MEDICAL MANAGEMEN: pneumonia
 Macrolides
 Tetracyclines
 Fluoroquinolones
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT:
 Thoracotomy
 Chest Tubes
COMPLICATIONS OF PNEUMONIA:
 Abscesses
 Respiratory Failure
 Bacteraemia
 Empyema and Pleural Effusions
 Collapsed Lung Listening
NURSING MANAGEMENT:
 Maintain a patent airway and adequate oxygenation.
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 Obtain sputum specimens as needed.
 Use suction if the patient can’t produce a specimen

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to discuss about  Provide a high calorie, high protein diet of soft foods Discussing PPT Discuss in detail
pneumonia  To prevent aspiration during nasogastric tube about about pneumonia?
feedings, check the position of tube, and administer pneumonia
feedings slowly.
 To control the spread of infection, dispose secretions
properly.
 Provide a quiet, calm environment, with frequent rest
periods.
 Monitor the patient’s ABG levels, especially if he’s
hypoxic.
 Assess the patient’s respiratory status. Auscultate
breath sounds at least every 4 hours.
 Monitor fluid and intake output. Listening
 Evaluate the effectiveness of administered
medications.
 Explain all procedures to the patient and family
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PREVENTION:
Good Hygiene and Preventing Transmission
Changing Hospital Practices

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to discuss about Vaccines Discussing PPT Discuss in detail
pneumonia Viral Influenza Vaccines (Flu Shot) about about pneumonia?
Pneumococcal Vaccines pneumonia
Vitamins
4. 10mins to explain about BRONCHITIS: Explaining PPT Explain in detail
bronchitis DEFINITION: about bronchitis about bronchitis?
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the
airways that carry air to lungs.
TYPES:
1.Acute bronchitis
2.Chronic bronchitis
Acute bronchitis
Acute (i.e. recent onset) bronchitis is an inflammation of the
lower respiratory passages (bronchi). Listening
Chronic bronchitis
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Chronic bronchitis is defined as a cough that occurs every
day with sputum production that lasts for at least 3 months,
two years in a row.

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to explain about CAUSES: Explaining PPT Explain in detail
bronchitis  Viral infection that causes the inner lining of the about bronchitis about bronchitis?
bronchial tubes to become inflamed and undergo the
changes that occur with any inflammation in the
body.
 Bacteria can also cause bronchitis (a few examples
include, Mycoplasma, Pneumococcus, Klebsiella,
Haemophilus).
 Chemical irritants (for example, tobacco smoke,
gastric reflux solvents) can cause acute bronchitis
RISK FACTORS:
 Smokers
 People who are exposed to a lot of second-hand
smoke
 People with weakened immune systems Listening
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 The elderly and infants
 People with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
 Those who are exposed to irritants at work

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to explain about SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: Explaining PPT Explain in detail
bronchitis  Coughing about bronchitis about bronchitis?
 Production of clear, white, yellow, grey, or green
mucus (sputum)
 Shortness of breath
 Wheezing
 Fatigue
 Fever and chills
 Chest pain or discomfort
 Blocked or runny nose
ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS:
 Pulmonary function tests (to check lung capacity and
function)
 Spirometry(how fast and how much air you breathe
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out) Listening
 Peak flow monitoring (amount of air blown)
 Pulse oximetry (O2 saturation)
 X-ray (to check the consolidation of lungs)

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to explain about MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: Explaining PPT Explain in detail
bronchitis  Ibuprofen or acetaminophen about bronchitis about bronchitis?
 Cough suppressant E.g. Delsym, Robitussin Cough,
Dextromethorphan
 Steroid medicine
 Nasal decongestants: like Naphazoline,
Phenylephrine Oxymetazoline , Propylhexedrine,
Phenylpropanolamine
 Antiviral medicine like amantadine, oseltamivir
 Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be given to help treat or
prevent an infection caused by bacteria
PREVENTION:
 Avoid alcohol
 Avoid irritants in the air Listening
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 Drink more liquids
 Get more rest
 Eat healthy foods
 Use a humidifier or vaporizer
 Avoiding people who are sick with colds or the flu

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to explain about  Getting a yearly flu vaccine Explaining PPT Explain in detail
bronchitis  Getting a pneumonia vaccine (especially for those about bronchitis about bronchitis?
over 60 years of age)
 Washing hands regularly
 Avoiding cold, damp locations or areas with a lot of
air pollution
 Wearing a mask around people who are coughing and
sneezing
NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Monitor for adverse effects of
bronchodilatorstremulousness, tachycardia, cardiac
arrhythmias, central nervous system stimulation,
hypertension.
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 Monitor oxygen saturation at rest and with activity. Listening
 Eliminate all pulmonary irritants, particularly
cigarette smoke. Smoking cessation usually reduces
pulmonary irritation, sputum production, and cough.
Keep the patient’s room as dust-free as possible.
 Use postural drainage positions to help clear

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to explain about secretions responsible for airway obstruction. Explaining PPT Explain in detail
bronchitis  Teach controlled coughing. about bronchitis about bronchitis?
 Encourage high level of fluid intake (8 to 10 glasses;
2 to 2.5 L daily) within level of cardiac reserve.
 Give inhalations of nebulized saline to humidify
bronchial tree and liquefy sputum.
 Avoid dairy products if these increase sputum
production.
 Encourage the patient to assume comfortable position
to decrease dyspnea.
 Use pursed lip breathing at intervals and during
periods of dyspnea to control rate and depth of
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respiration and improve respiratory muscle
coordination.
 Discuss and demonstrates relaxation exercises to Listening
reduce stress, tension, and anxiety.
 Encourage frequent small meals if the patient is
dyspnoeic; en a small increase in abdominal contents
may press on diaphragm and impede breathing.

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to explain about  Offer liquid nutritional supplements to improve Explaining PPT Explain in detail
bronchitis caloric intake and counteract weight loss. about bronchitis about bronchitis?
 Avoid foods producing abdominal discomfort.
 Encourage use of portable oxygen system for
ambulation for patients with hypoxemia and marked
disability. Listening
5. 10mins to describe BRONCHIOLITIS: Describing PPT Describe in detail
about DEFINITION: about about
bronchiolitis Bronchiolitis is a clinical syndromecharacterized by the bronchiolitis bronchiolitis?
acute onset of respiratorysymptoms in a child younger than 2
year of agetypically the initial symptoms of upper
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respiratorytract viral infection such as fever within 4-6 days
toinclude evidence of lower respiratory tractinvolvement
with the onset of cough and wheezing.
RISK FACTORS:
Younger age (<6 months)
Prematurity (Low birth weight)
Underlying chronic lung disease Listening
Cyanotic heart disease

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to describe Immunodeficiency. Describing PPT Describe in detail
about ETIOLOGY: about about
bronchiolitis  Acute bronchiolitis is typically caused by a viral bronchiolitis bronchiolitis?
infection. Withimprovement in diagnostic ability to
identify viruses in respiratory secretions
(nasopharyngeal aspirates) multiple viralagents have
been identified as causative agents of
acutebronchiolitis. The most common etiology of
bronchiolitis isRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV),
accounting 50-90% cases.
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 Other viruses that cause bronchiolitis include,
rhinovirus, humanmeta pneumo virus, influenza,
adenovirus, corona virus and parainfluenza viruses.
CLINICAL FEATURES: Listening
Clinical sign and symptoms of bronchiolitis consist of
rhinorrhea, cough, tachypnea, wheezing, crackles, and
increasedrespiratory efforts as grunting, nasal flaring, and
intercostals and/or sub costal retraction and poor feeding.

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to describe Clinical features of severe disease in bronchiolitis are as Describing PPT Describe in detail
about following: about about
bronchiolitis  Poor feeding (< 50% of usual fluid intake in bronchiolitis bronchiolitis?
preceding 24 hours)
 Lethargy
 History of apnea
 Respiratory rate > 70/ min.
 Presence of nasal flaring and/ or grunting
 Severe chest recession
 cyanosis
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Criteria for hospitalization:
When assessing a child, admit them to hospital if they have
any of following:
 Apnea
 Persistent oxygen saturation < 92% at room air Listening
 Inadequate oral fluid intake (<50 % of usual volume)
 Persistent severe respiratory distress
INVESTIGATIONS:
These investigations may include oxygen saturation

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to describe recording, blood gas analysis, chest X- ray, virological or Describing PPT Describe in detail
about bacteriological testing, hematology and biochemistry about about
bronchiolitis MANAGEMENT: bronchiolitis bronchiolitis?
Supportive Care:It includes maintenance of
adequatehydration, provision of respiratory support as
necessary, and monitoring for disease progression.
Nutrition and hydration:Clinicians should
administernasogastric or intravenous fluids for infants
with diagnosis of bronchiolitis who cannot maintain
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hydration orally. Children with bronchiolitis are at an
increased risk of dehydration because of their increased
needs (related to fever and tachypnea) and reduced oral
acceptance.
Antibiotics:It is recommended that antibiotics should be
used only in childrenhaving specific indications of Listening
coexistence of a bacterial infection.Presence of infiltrates
or atelectasis on chest X-ray film may not indicate
bacterial infection. Clinical setting, with consolidation
onX-ray film may indicate a possibility

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to describe of bacterial pneumonia in infants with Bronchiolitis Describing PPT Describe in detail
about Inhaled bronchodilators:Beta 2 agonists & epinephrine: about about
bronchiolitis In a meta-analysis of 30 trialscomparing bronchodilators bronchiolitis bronchiolitis?
other than epinephrine (includedsalbutamol, terbutaline,
ipratopium) with placebo, there were nosignificant
differences in improvement in
oxygenation,hospitalization rate, or duration of
hospitalization.
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Hypertonic saline: Hypertonic saline may reverse some
pathophysiologicalabnormalities in acute bronchiolitis by
decreasing epithelialedema, improving elasticity and
viscosity of mucus and thusimproving airway
clearance.However, there are still issue related to its use
including optimalvolume, concentration of saline,
frequency of administration andeffective device. The use Listening
3% saline is not recommended till allthese are addressed
by further studies
Steam inhalation:Steam inhalation has been

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to describe proposed to improve airway clearance of mucus and Describing PPT Describe in detail
about outcome of acute bronchiolitis. Being less expensive and about about
bronchiolitis easily available, steam was considered to be a suitable bronchiolitis bronchiolitis?
intervention in low income countries.
Anti-inflammatories:
 Inhaled corticosteroids: Two RCTS in infants with
bronchiolitis havedemonstrated that inhaled
corticosteroids have no effect on length of
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hospitalstay, time to becoming asymptomatic or rate
of respiratory readmission tohospital within12
months.
 Systemic corticosteroids: Cochrane systemic review
concluded that oral systemic corticosteroids didnot
reduce length of hospital stay in previously well
infants less than 12months of age with acute
bronchiolitis Listening
HOSPITAL BASED RESPIRATORY SUPPORTIVE
CARE:
 Supplemental oxygen.
 Pulse oximetry

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to describe  Mechanical ventilation Describing PPT Describe in detail
about  Chest physiotherapy about about
bronchiolitis  Nasal suction bronchiolitis bronchiolitis?
 Surfactant
5. 10mins to elaborate PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: Elaborating PPT Elaborate in detail
about DEFINITION: about about pulmonary
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pulmonary Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic infectious inflammation pulmonary tuberculosis?
tuberculosis of the lung, as well as a special pneumonia. tuberculosis
CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS:
 Alcoholism
 IV drug abuse
 Crowded living conditions
 Homelessness
 Poverty
 Immigration from certain countries Listening
 Low body weight
 Certain medical treatments (such as corticosteroid
treatment or organ transplants)

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to elaborate SIGN AND SYMPTOMS : Elaborating PPT Elaborate in detail
about  Cough (usually cough up mucus) about about pulmonary
pulmonary  Coughing up blood pulmonary tuberculosis?
tuberculosis  Excessive sweating, especially at night tuberculosis
 Fatigue
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 Fever
 Unintentional weight loss
Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:
 Breathing difficulty
 Chest pain
 Wheezing
ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS:
 Mantoux test (PPD (purified protein derivative given
in left arm using tuberculin syringe)
 Chest CT scan (mycobacterium tuberculi is found) Listening
 Chest x-ray (in right upper lobe, mycobacterium
tuberculi is found)
 Sputum examination and cultures (AFB)

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
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to elaborate MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: Elaborating PPT Elaborate in detail
about 1st line drugs: about about pulmonary
pulmonary DRUG DOSE DRUG DOSE pulmonary tuberculosis?
tuberculosis Isoniazide (INH) 300 mg/day tuberculosis
Rifampicin 600 mg/day
Pyrazinamide 1500 mg/day 25 mg/kg/day
Ethambutol 1200 mg/ day 15- 125
mg/kg/day
Streptomycin 0.75—1gm/day 25 mg/kg/day
2nd line drugs:
Amikacin (AG) 15 mg/kg/day
Aminosalicylic acid 8- 12 gm/day
Capreomycin 15 mg/kg/da
Ciprofloxacin 1500 mg/day (divided)
Clofazimine 200 mg/day Listening
Cycloserine 500- 1000 mg/day (divided)

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OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
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Elaborating PPT Elaborate in detail
Ethionamide 500- 750 mg/day
to elaborate about about pulmonary
Levofloxacin 500 mg/day
about pulmonary tuberculosis?
pulmonary Rifabutin 300 mg/day tuberculosis
tuberculosis Current recommended treatment for pulmonary TB has
three regimens:
 6 Month Regimen—virtually 100% effective, more
expensive. (usually only used in pulmonary TB)
 First 2 months
DRUG DOSE
Isoniazide—300mg 1 tablet daily (300mg) Listening
Rifampicin—300mg 2 tablets daily (600mg)
Pyrazinamide—500mg 3 tablets daily (1500mg)
Ethambutol—400mg 3 tablets daily (1200mg)
 Next 4 months
DRUG DOSE
Isoniazide—300mg 1 tablet daily (300mg)
Rifampicin—300mg 2 tablets daily (600mg)
Pyridoxine—10mg 1 tabletdaily (10mg) for 6 months

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION

OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
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ACTIVITY
to elaborate Elaborating PPT Elaborate in detail
 9 Month Regimen—
about about about pulmonary
 First 2 months
pulmonary pulmonary tuberculosis?
DRUG DOSE
tuberculosis tuberculosis
Isoniazide—300mg 1 tablet daily (300mg)
Rifampicin—300mg 2 tablets daily (600mg)
Ethambutol—400mg 3 tablets daily (1200mg)
 Next 7 months
DRUG DOSE
Isoniazide—300mg 1 tablet daily (300mg)
Rifampicin—300mg 2 tablets daily (600mg)
Pyridoxine—10mg 1 tabletdaily (10mg)
 12 Months Regimen—inexpensive and reasonably
effective.
 Regimen 1—effectiveness is nearly 100%
1gm (IM)—Twice
Injection Streptomycin
Weekly
Tablet Isoniazide 15 Listening
15 mg/kg/day
mg/kg/day
Tablet Pyridoxine 1 tablet of 10mg dail

Regimen 2—very cheap, effectiveness is 80-90%

S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
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ACTIVITY
to elaborate Isoniazide 1 tablet daily (300mg) Elaborating PPT Elaborate in detail
about Tablet Thiocetazone 1 tablet daily (150mg) about about pulmonary
pulmonary Pyridoxine Pyridoxine 1 tablet daily (10mg) pulmonary tuberculosis?
tuberculosis  Prophylactic Dose: Isoniazide is indicated for the tuberculosis
prophylactic use of TB, the dose is 300mg/day
(5mg/kg/day) or 900mg twice weekly for 6 months in
most cases and 12 months in case of immuno-
compromised patients
NURSING CARE MANAGEMENT:
 Standard precautions
 Children with no cough and negative sputum smears
can be hospitalized in a regular patient room
 Airborne precautions and negative- pressure room
required for children who are contagious and with
active TB disease.
 Asymptomatic children with TB can attend school or Listening
day care facilities.
 Skin test must be carried out correctly to obtain
accurate results.
S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
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ACTIVITY
to elaborate  The tuberculin is injected intradermally with the Elaborating PPT Elaborate in detail
about bevel of the needle pointing upward. As wheal 6 t 10 about about pulmonary
pulmonary mm in diameter should form the layers of the skin pulmonary tuberculosis?
tuberculosis when the solution is injected properly. If the wheal is tuberculosis
not formed, the procedure is repeated.
 The reaction of the test should be determine in 48- 72
hours. Listening
6. 10mins to discuss about BRONCHIAL ASTHMA: Discussing PPT Discuss in detail
bronchial DEFINITION: about bronchial about bronchial
asthma Asthma is a heterogenous disease, usually characterized asthma asthma.
by chronic airway inflammation. It is defined by the history
of respiratory symptoms such as wheeze, shortness of breath,
chest tightness and cough that vary over time and in
intensity, together with variable expiratory airflow limitation
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Trigger factor

Airway inflammation
Listening

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OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
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ACTIVITY
to discuss about Hypersecretion Airway muscle Swelling bronchial Discussing PPT Discuss in detail
bronchial of mucus Constriction Membranes about bronchial about bronchial
asthma asthma asthma.
Narrow Breathing Passages

Wheezing, Cough, Shortness of Breath, Tightness in Chest

CLINICAL FEATURES:
Recurrent cough
Recurrent wheeze
Retractions
Post- tussive vomiting (vomiting after a bout of
coughing)
Chest pain
Allergic rhinitis
Sinusitis
Serous otitis media
Eczema and conjunctivitis Listening
DIAGNOSIS:
 Spirometry(how fast and how much air you breathe
out)
S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION
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OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to discuss about Eosinophil count: It will be increased in the blood is Discussing PPT Discuss in detail
bronchial suggestive of an allergic phenomenon. about bronchial about bronchial
asthma Total IgE level: In specific IgE level its needed for asthma asthma.
specific immunotherapy and before the use of anti-
IgE antibody treatment
MANAGEMENT:
 Education
 Environmental control
 Pharmacotherapy
 Regular follow up
Education:
 To educate about the disease and its management
measures.
Environmental control:
 Dustmites: Avoid carpets use of plastic covers to Listening
pillows and mattresses and expose to sunlight.
 Cockroach: Cover garbage and usused food contents.
 Fungus: Attend to damp walls have good ventilation,

and clean the shower curtains weekly

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S.NO TIME SPECIFIC CONTENT TEACHER’S/ AV AIDS EVALUATION
OBJECTIVE LEARNER’S
ACTIVITY
to discuss about  Pets: Keep them away from sleeping area if possible Discussing PPT Discuss in detail
bronchial outside the house. about bronchial about bronchial
asthma  Avoid strong order, smoke mosquito coil burning and asthma asthma.
especially tobacco smoke.
Pharmacotherapy:
 The drug used in the management of asthma include
quick reliever preventers and long term relievers as
classification of drug used for management of
asthma.
 Quick reliever: Used for acute attacks to relieve
bronchospasm as and when needed. Short acting beta 2
agonists. (Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Adrenaline and
Aminophyliine).
 Preventers: Used for long- term to control the Listening
inflammation and to prevent further attacks.
(Theophylline)
 Long term symptoms receivers: Used to relieve
bronchospasm for longer hours. (Long acting beta2
agonists- Salmetrol, Formoterol, Bambuterol).
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TUTOR
ICON

LESSON PLAN
ON
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTIONS