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Home CBSE Notes Class 9 Maths Chapter 9
CBSE Notes Class 9 Maths Chapter 9 - Circle
In Class 9 Maths, Chapter 10 deals with the fascinating and fundamental topic of circles. A circle, one
of the most basic shapes in geometry, is pivotal in understanding more complex geometric
concepts. This chapter provides students with a foundational understanding of circles, their
properties, and key theorems.
1.0
Definition and Basic Concepts
A circle is a set of all points in a plane that are at a constant distance (radius) from a given point
(center). Here are some essential terms related to circles:
Center: The fixed point from which every point on the circle is equidistant. (Represented as O)
Radius: The straight-line distance from the center of the circle to any point on its circumference.
(Represented as OC)
Diameter: The distance across the circle through the center, which is twice the radius.
(Represented as AOB)
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Chord: A line segment with both of its endpoints lying on the circle's boundary. The diameter is a
special chord that passes through the center. (Represented as PQ)
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Arc: A part of the circumference of a circle. (Represented minor arc as , and major arc as )
Sector: The area bounded by two radii and the arc between them. (Represented as POQ)
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Segment: The region enclosed by a chord and the arc it subtends.
2.0
Theorems Related to Circles
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The chapter covers several important theorems related to circles:
Theorem 1: Chords of the same length in a circle form equal angles at the center.
Theorem 2: If two chords in a circle subtend equal angles at the center, then the chords are of equal
length.
Theorem 3: A perpendicular drawn from the center of a circle to a chord divides the chord into two
equal parts.
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Theorem 4: A line passing through the center of a circle that divides a chord into two equal parts is
perpendicular to the chord.
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Theorem 5: A single, unique circle can be drawn through any three given non-collinear points. (Here
A, B, and C are non- collinear points)
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Theorem 6: Chords of equal length in a circle (or in congruent circles) are equally distant from the
center (or centers).
Theorem 7: Chords that are equally distant from the center of a circle are of equal length.
Theorem 8: The angle formed at the center by an arc is twice as large as the angle formed by the
same arc at any point on the rest of the circle.
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Theorem 9: Angles that lie within the same segment of a circle are equal/same.
Theorem 10: If a line segment joining two points creates equal angles at two other points located on
the same side of the line containing the segment, then all four points lie on a common circle (i.e.,
they are concyclic).
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Cyclic Quadrilaterals
Theorem 11: In a cyclic quadrilateral, the sum of the opposite angles always adds up to 180º.
∠A + ∠C = 180° and ∠B + ∠D = 180°
Theorem 12: A quadrilateral is cyclic if the sum of each pair of its opposite angles equals 180º.
3.0
Solved Example on Circles
Example 1: In figure O is the centre of the circle of radius 15 cm. OP ⊥ AB, OQ ⊥ CD, AB || CD, AB = 18
cm and CD = 22 cm. Find PQ.
Solution:
Given, AB and CD are two parallel chords of a circle with center O.
Also, OP ⊥ AB and OQ ⊥ CD.
Since AB || CD, so points O, P, and Q are collinear.
Join OA and OC.
We have AB = 18 cm, CD = 22 cm, and OA = 15 cm [Radii of the circle]
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Since the perpendicular drawn from the center of the circle to a chord bisects it, therefore:
AP = 12 AB
1
⇒ AP = 2
× 18
⇒ AP = 9 cm.
And C Q= 12 CD
1
⇒ CQ = 2
× 22
⇒ CQ = 11 cm.
Now, in the right triangle AOP.
OP2 = OA2 – AP2
⇒ OP2 = 152 – 92
⇒ OP = 225 − 81
⇒ OP = 144
⇒ OP = 12
In the right triangle COQ.
OQ2 = OC2 – CQ2
⇒ OQ2 = 152 – 112
⇒ OQ = 225 − 121
⇒ OQ = 104
⇒ OQ = 2 26 cm
Now, PQ = OP – OQ
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Given
PQ = 12 – 2 26 cm
P Q= 2(6 − 26)cm
Example 2: AB and CD are two parallel chords of a circle with lengths 24 cm and 10 cm respectively,
lying on the same side of its center O. If the distance between the chords is 7 cm, find the radius of
the circle.
Solution:
Draw OL ⊥ AB at L and OM ⊥ CD at M.
Since AB || CD, it follows that O, L, and M are collinear.
Now, OL ⊥ AB and OM ⊥ CD.
⇒ AL = 12 AB =
1
2
× 24 = 12 cm
And C M= 12 CD =
1
2
× 10 = 5 cm
Also, the distance between the chords = LM = 7 cm.
Join OA and OC.
Let OL = x cm. Then, OM = (x + 7) cm.
Let the radius of the circle be r cm.
Then, OA = OC = r cm.
Example 3: If Bisector AD of ∠BAC of ΔABC passes through the centre O of the circumcircle of
ΔABC. If AB = 5 cm, find AC.
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Solution:
Given: Bisector AD of ∠BAC of ΔABC passes through the centre O of the circumcircle of ΔABC.
Construction: Draw OP ⊥ AB and OQ ⊥ AC
In ∆APO and ∆AQO,
∠OAP = ∠OAQ (Given)
∠OPA = ∠OQA (Each = 90° by construction)
OA = OA (Common)
Therefore, by AAS,
∆APO ≅ ∆AQO
So:
OP = OQ
OP = OQ (By C.P.C.T.)
AB = AC (∴ Chords equidistant from the centre are equal)
∴ AC = AB = 5 cm
Then, OA = OC = r cm.
Now, from right- angled triangles ΔOLA and ΔOMC, we have
OA2 = OL2 + AL2 and OC 2 = OM 2 + CM 2
= r2 + x2 + (12)2 … (i)
And
r2 = (x + 7)2 + (5)2 … (ii)
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⇒ x2 + (12)2 = (x + 7)2 + (5)2
⇒ x2 + 144x = x2 + 14x + 74
⇒ 14x = 70
⇒x=5
Substituting (x = 5) in equation (i), we get:
r2 = x2 + (12)2 = (5)2 + (12)2 = (25 + 144) = 169
Then,
r= 169 = 13 cm
Hence, the radius of the circle is 13 cm.
Example 4: Find the distance of a chord from the center of a circle with a radius of 13 cm. The chord
AB is 10 cm long.
Solution:
Draw OL perpendicular to AB from the center O.
Since the perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord bisects the chord:
1 1
AL = LB = 2
× AB = 2
× 10 cm = 5 cm
In the right triangle OLA, we have:
OA2 = OL2 + AL2
⇒ 132 = OL2 + 52
⇒ 169 = OL2 + 25
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⇒ OL2 = 144
⇒ OL = 144 = 12 cm
Hence, the distance of the chord from the center is 12 cm.
Example 5: Determine the length of a chord that is 5 cm away from the center of a circle with a radius
of 13 cm.
Solution:
Let the chord of a circle be AB with centre O and radius 13 cm. Draw OL ⊥ AB and join OA. Clearly, OL
= 5 cm and OA = 13 cm.
In the right triangle OLA, we have…
OA2 = OL2 + AL2
⇒ 132 = 52 + AL2
⇒ AL2 = 144
⇒ AL = 12
Since the perpendicular from the center to a chord bisects the chord, therefore,
AB = 2AL = (2 × 12) cm = 24 cm
Example 6: In below figure, O is the centre of the circle, with a radius of 5 cm. OP ⊥ AB, OQ ⊥ CD, AB
|| CD and AB = 6 cm and CD = 8cm. Determine PQ.
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Solution:
Join OA and OC.
Since OP ⊥ AB and OQ ⊥ CD from the center of the circle, they bisect the chords. Therefore, PC = PD
and OA = OC = 5 cm (radius of the circle). O and Q are mid-points of AB and CD respectively.
Consequently, AP = PB = 12 A B = 4 cm and CQ = QD = 12 C D = 4 cm.
In the right triangle OAP, we have:
⇒ OA2 + AP2 = OP2
⇒ 52 + 42 = OP2
⇒ 25 + 16 = OP2
⇒ OP2 = 41
⇒ OP = 41
In the right triangle OCQ:
⇒ OC2 - CQ2 = OQ2
⇒ 52 - 42 = OQ2
⇒ 25 – 16 = OQ2
⇒ OQ = 9
⇒ OQ = 3
Therefore, PQ = OP – OQ = OP – OQ = (4 – 3)) cm = 1 cm
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Example 7: AB and CD are 2 parallel chords of a circle, with AB = 6 cm and CD = 12 cm. The distance
between the two chords is 3 cm. Determine the radius of the circle.
Solution:
Let AB and CD be two parallel chords of a circle with centre O, where AB = 6 cm and CD = 12 cm. Let
the radius of the circle be r cm. Draw OP⊥ AB and OQ ⊥ CD. Since AB || CD, OP⊥ AB and OQ ⊥ CD.
Therefore, points o, Q, and P are collinear.
Clearly, PQ = 3 cm
Let OQ = x cm. Then, Op = (x + 3) cm
Clearly, AP = PB, CQ = QD. Therefore, AP = 12 A B = 12 × 6= 3 cm, CQ = 12 CD =
1
2
× 12
= 6 cm.
In right triangles OAP and OCQ we have:
OA² = OP² + AP² and OC² = OQ² + CQ²
r2 = (r + 3)2 + 32 and r2 = x2 + 62
(r + 3)2 + 32 = x2 + 62 [on equating the value of r2]
r2 + 6x + 9 + 9 = x2 + 36
6x = 18
x = 3 cm
Putting the value of x in r2 = x2 + 62, we get
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r 2 = 32 + 6 2
r2 = 9 + 36
r2 = 45
r = 45 cm
Hence, the radius of the circle is r = 45 , we get
4.0
Practice Questions on Circles
1. The radius of the circle is 8 cm., and one of its chords is 12 cm long. Determine the distance from
the center to the chord.
2. Calculate the length of a chord that is 5 cm away from the center of a circle with a radius of 10 cm.
3. Find the length of a chord that is 4 cm away from the center of a circle with a radius of 6 cm.
4. Two parallel chords, AB and CD, have lengths of 5 cm and 11 cm respectively. Given that the
distance between AB and CD is 3 cm. Determine the radius of the circle.
CONTENTS
Frequently Asked Questions
What is a circle?
What are the key components of a circle?
How do you find the circumference of a circle?
What is the area of a circle?
How can you prove that a quadrilateral is cyclic?
What is the angle subtended by an arc at the center of a circle?
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