4 2 .
the
ARGUMENTS AND ANALYSIS
february repotution
February Revolution itself was but led to NicholasIt's
=>
Argument :
The spontaneous ultimately
abdication .
=> Evidence :
23rd Cinternational Women's Day) thousands of women in petrograd marched to
February 1917
>
-
protest bread shortages , 25th fel , 200
, 000 workers were on strike , bringing the city to
stand still Not organised by political
a .
parties , emerged from widespread crustration.
the petrograd Garrison mutinied 66, 000 soldiers deserted
> 28 seb
arming protestors w
-
, ,
& ,
40 ,000 rides
(spontaneous , driven by soldier's anger at poor condicious lack of
Good
,
,
prolonged was cervice.
>
-
No
revolutionally readership the Bolshevik Central Committee discouraged Tsue's
, ,
misinformed and late reply to mutinies allowed unrest to escalate
> Duma's Provisional Committee formed assume control of the government
27Sebruary 1917 to
-
,
was .
-> Minnail Rodzianpo (Duma Chairman) warned Nick monarchy won't survive
, he abdicated at
Iskov Nied to nominate his his brother for trone , but ended300 years of Romanov rule.
,
>
-
Historian Perspectives :
> Orlando Figes "a series of unplanned leaderless uprisings" that
caught revolutionary
-
:
,
.
groups off-gaued
Christopher Read Army's detection was pivotal , without in Nick may have suppressed the
>
- :
revolts like in 1905
> Richard Pipes : Nicholas It's political incompetence ensured revolution's success
-
=> Evaluation :
>
-
The fact that female textile workers initiated the
protests underscores the spontaneous
nature of the unrest
,
as women were not traditionally seen as
politically active .
>rapid escalation of strikers demonstrates frustration with bread shortages inflation
-
,
and social grievances
> Orlando Figes' claim oversimplices
-
the situation
,
as Bolshevik readers played some
organizing workers during the protests.
role in
The evidence strongly supports the argument that the revolution was spontaneous in
-
its
origins , however pre-existing social tensions ,
and radicalization created an
environment where workers could easily protest.
->
Christopher head's view overlooks the fact that discontent within the military was
Inevitable given the
mounting casueties and inadequate supplies.
evidence effectively emphasizes Nick's political
misjudgement-failing recognize that his
>
-
The to
authority was
collapsing while me amy desested
Progressive Bloc's constitutional reform
broader political failings particularly rejection of
>
-
His -
his the
demands -
had aread alienated the political elike by 1915.
> the
-
puma's refusal to dissolve proved that even conservative political figures had abandonedtheir support
>
this argument Duna membic still hoped preserve monarchy under a constitutional
-
however overlooks that some to
cramework
Revolution's rapid Nick's
=> final
judgement :
the
February spontaneous characte was
key to it's escalation
,
but
abdication calculated response pressure from and conservative elite's
was a to both
revolutionaly forces
disorder
who sought to stabalize Russia amid
growing
argent : The creation of the
faced immediate
Provisional Government attempted to Stabilize Russia
but
challenges .
-
=> EVIDENCE
>
-
the provisional Government emerged from Duma's provisional committee on 2 march 1917
octoberists and kadels leaders of movement
>
mainly the zecusto
-
,
> universal freedom of speech
-
sufferage abolition of ocurana
-
, ,
> 1st warch
petrograd Soviet issued order no 1 undermined govt control over al
my
-
.
:
Government had effective means to reinforce decisions
>
-
no .
> the
April crisis (mass process) in petrograd forced was minister to resign
-
-new
govt under Alexander Kerensky lauched the rune opensive resulted ,
in 400000
casualties and mass desertionstriggered
(late 1917 1 5 mil had deserted) .
,
.
> factories closed and
unemployment as
railway collapsed.
-
>
-
provisional gove refused to issue land reform , wanted constituent assembly to deal wit
.
>
maich-out 1917 , cases of land seizures reported (land , perce , bread
-
1000 were .
>
-
Lenin's April
thesis in 1917 increased membership to 350000 slogans)
>
General Law Kornilov (the Koruilov aflair 1917) was crushed by the red guard (Bolsher,
-
=> HISTORIAN PERSPECTIVES
> Richard Pipes Ph lacked mass support dominated
by liberal elikes instead of
-
:
,
the
representing working class
> Orlando Figes a
government without power that only existed at the
mercy of the
-
:
soviets
>
-
Christophel Read :
Describes the provisional Government's failure to adress land reform as
a fatal miscalculation" pushed rural Russia into unrest
revolutionary
.
that
=> ENALUATION OF EVIDENCE
dominance of middle-class politicians alienated which limited
key social groups
>
-
the ,
PG's ability gail widespread support
to
the
> the
presence of Alexander Keneusky (socialist revolutionaly) temporarily improved
-
pa's credibility.
>
-
Pipes' conservative stance emphasises the government's clike
,
middle class characte,
which evidence from accounts of disillusionment
aligns with primary contemporary among
soldiers .
>
-
this view is criticized by revisionist critics like Shield Fitzpatrick ; who arge the full
of the sal PG a breid
gave the moment of
legitimacy I
>
-
figes highlights how these veforms failed to address the
agent socio-economic crisis
Russia faced , abolition of onhand suggests a genuine attempt at stabalization
reforms created
>
Early public reaction was generally positive , suggesting a
temporary
-
sense of hope
ideals over immediate socio-economic relief ,
-
by prioriting liberal the
government
alienated workers and peasants
>
-
Order no I ensured that soldiers
.
weakened PG
obeyed only soviet approved orders ,
ability to control and made it dependent on the Soviet's approval for key decisions
> some historians argue that the Soviet initially aimed to cooporate o the PG (1917)
.
