Q1.
The following are precautions taken when preparing a streak of bacteria on an agar jelly
plate.
Give a reason for each.
(i) The inoculating loop is heated in a hot bunsen flame.
REASON:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) The loop is allowed to cool before putting it into the bacterial culture.
REASON:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(iii) The lid of the petri dish is only partly opened.
REASON:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(iv) The petri dish is sealed with sticky tape.
REASON:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q2.
The diagram shows a human sperm. Inside the tail of the sperm is a filament mechanism
that causes the side to side movement of the tail, which moves the sperm.
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(a) Describe the function of the mitochondria and suggest a reason why they are
arranged around the filament near the tail of the sperm.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(b) Explain the significance of the nucleus in determining the characteristics of the
offspring.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q3.
The drawing shows an animal cell, seen at a very high magnification using an electron
microscope.
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(a) (i) Label a mitochondrion [plural = mitochondria].
(1)
(ii) What happens in the mitochondria?
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) (i) Name and label the structure where you would find chromosomes.
(1)
(ii) What are chromosomes made of?
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(c) What controls the rate of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm?
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q4.
(a) Put a tick ( ) in the correct boxes in the table below to show which of the parts
given are present in the cells and organisms listed.
CYTOPLASM NUCLEUS CELL WALL GENES
Leaf mesophyll cell
Sperm
(2)
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(b) (i) What is the main job of a leaf mesophyll cell?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) Explain one way in which the structure of the leaf mesophyll cell helps it to
carry out its job.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q5.
The drawing shows a white blood cell ingesting a bacterium.
(i) Use words from the list to label the parts of the white blood cell.
cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm nucleus vacuole
(3)
(ii) The scale shows that the white blood cell is 10 micrometres long.
How long is the bacterium? Show your working.
__________ micrometres
(2)
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(Total 5 marks)
Q6.
The drawing shows a white blood cell ingesting a bacterium.
Label the parts of the white blood cell.
(Total 3 marks)
Q7.
The drawing shows part of a root hair cell.
(a) Use words from the list to label the parts of the root hair cell.
cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm nucleus vacuole
(4)
(b) The diagram shows four ways in which molecules may move into and out of a cell.
The dots show the concentration of molecules.
Page 5 of 18
The cell is respiring aerobically.
Which arrow, A, B, C or D represents:
(i) movement of oxygen molecules; __________
(ii) movement of carbon dioxide molecules? __________
(2)
(c) Name the process by which these gases move into and out of the cell.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
Q8.
(a) Balance the following equation for photosynthesis.
______ CO2 + ______ H2O → C6HI2O6 + ______ O2
(1)
(b) Give two conditions necessary for photosynthesis apart from a suitable temperature
range and the availability of water and carbon dioxide.
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
(2)
(a) Plants have leaves which contain guard cells and palisade cells. Explain how each
of these kinds of cell assists photosynthesis.
Guard cells _________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
Palisade cells _______________________________________________________
Page 6 of 18
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(d) Glucose is a product of photosynthesis. Give three uses which green plants make
of glucose.
1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 10 marks)
Q9.
The diagrams show a cheek cell from a human and a leaf cell from a plant.
(a) The two cells have a number of parts in common.
(i) On the cheek cell, label three of these parts which both cells have.
(3)
(ii) In the table, write the names of the three parts you have labelled above and
describe the main function of each part.
Part Function
_________________
_________________
_________________
(3)
(b) Blood contains white cells and red cells. State the function of each type of cell in the
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blood.
White cells __________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Red cells ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Q10.
Oxygen from our lungs is carried, by our blood, to cells in our body where aerobic
respiration takes place.
(i) Complete the two spaces to balance the chemical reaction for aerobic respiration.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → ____ CO2 + ____ H2O
(1)
(ii) Name the substance with the formula C6H12O6.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(iii) Name the structures in the cytoplasm of our cells where aerobic respiration takes
place.
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 3 marks)
Q11.
(a) The diagrams show what happens to the shape of a plant cell placed in distilled
water.
(i) Explain why the cell swells and becomes turgid. Name the process involved.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(2)
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(ii) Give one feature of the cell wall which allows the cell to become turgid.
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Describe the change which will occur if a piece of peeled potato is placed in a
concentrated sugar solution and explain why this change occurs.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Q12.
(a) How many pairs of chromosomes are there in a body cell of a human baby?
___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(b) Place the following in order of size, starting with the smallest, by writing
numbers 1 – 4 in the boxes underneath the words.
(1)
(c) For a baby to grow, its cells must develop in a number of ways.
Explain how each of the following is part of the growth process of a baby.
(i) Cell enlargement
______________________________________________________________
(1)
(ii) The process of cell division by mitosis
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Page 9 of 18
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
(3)
(d) Why is cell specialisation (differentiation) important for the development and growth
of a healthy baby from a fertilised egg?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Page 10 of 18
Mark schemes
Q1.
(i) the loop is sterilised
accept to kill anything on the loop
or
to kill any bacteria on it;
do not credit to clean the loop
1
(ii) if hot it would kill bacteria picked up (from culture);
accept ‘microorganisms’ or ‘microbes’
accept entry of contaminated air but reject entry of air
unqualified
1
(iii) to prevent entry (from the air) of unwanted
bacteria or bacterial spores or fungal spores;
accept so can’t breath on it
accept ‘microorganisms’ or ‘microbes’
1
(iv) so that the (petri) dish is not opened
(after bacteria are cultured)
or to reduce evaporation
or drying of the agar,
accept ‘microorganisms’ or ‘microbes’
accept to prevent anything relevant getting in/out
reject references to spillage
1
[4]
Q2.
(a) award one mark for each key idea
energy released or energy transferred or respiration
allow provides or gives
do not allow produces or makes
3
near to the site of movement or
energy available quickly or more
energy
accept allows more mitochondria to fit in
(mitochondria) packed (around
filament) or efficient arrangement or
spiral arrangement
(b) contains chromosomes or genes or
DNA
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not genetic material
1
(which) contribute half (the genes) to
the fetus or offspring
23 chromosomes or half the genes
or reference to X,Y chromosome determining sex (if the
notion of halfness is there)
nucleus contains half genes for the offspring = 2 marks
1
[5]
Q3.
(a) (i)
award 1 mark for any of the mitochondria correctly labelled if
a number are labelled and one is incorrect award 0 marks
1
(ii) respiration or the release or transfer
of energy or it contains the enzymes
for respiration
do not accept energy produced
1
(b) (i) nucleus (named and correctly
labelled)
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arrow or line must touch or go inside the nuclear membrane
1
(ii) DNA or genes or nucleic acids
accept protein or histones or nucleotides or ATGC
1
(c) enzymes or nucleus
do not accept factors that affect the rate rather than control it
eg pH or temperature
1
[5]
Q4.
(a) mesophyll / / / / (all correct) sperm / / x / (all correct)
for 1 mark each
2
(b) (i) absorbs light/to produce food/photosynthesis
(allow references to gaseous exchange)
for 1 mark
1
(ii) has chlorophyll/chloroplasts to absorb light/produce food
for 1 mark each
(if linked to gas exchange allow – moist surface/
dissolve gases)
2
[5]
Q5.
(i) cytoplasm
(cell) membrane
nucleus
all correctly labelled
each for 1 mark
3
(ii) 0.5
gains 2 marks
(5/100 × 10 or ½ /1 gains 1 mark if 0.5 not given)
2
[5]
Q6.
cytoplasm reject protoplasm
(cell) membrane
nucleus
all correctly labelled
each for 1 mark
[3]
Page 13 of 18
Q7.
(a) (cell) wall
(cell) membrane
cytoplasm
vacuole
for 1 mark each
4
(b) (i) A
(ii) B
for 1 mark each
2
(c) diffusion (reject osmosis)
for 1 mark
1
[7]
Q8.
(a) 666
all required
accept a ’6n 6 n n 6n’ version of the balanced equation
provided it is correct in every detail
1
(b) any two of
• (presence of) chlorophyll or (amount of) chloroplasts
accept green leaves (or other green parts)
• (sufficient) light (intensity)
• (light) of a suitable wavelength
any light other than green light
do not credit Sun’s energy or sunshine or Sun
2
(c) guard cells
any two of
* control by osmosis
* the movement of gases
accept movement of carbon dioxide or oxygen or water
vapour beware movement of CO2 out
accept a diagram or description
* through the stoma
2
palisade cells
any two of
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* near the upper surface
* contain (a great) many or more chloroplasts
* (so) contain the most chlorophyll
2
(d) any three of
* for respiration
* conversion to (insoluble) starch
or to food store or to (other)carbohydrates
* (conversion to) sucrose or to food store or to (other) carbohydrates
or polysaccharides
do not credit just to grow or live
or survive
accept conversion to food store
or to (other) carbohydrates once only
* (conversion to) lipids or fats or oils
* (conversion to) amino acids or (plant) proteins or auxins or (plant) hormones or
enzymes
3
[10]
Q9.
(a) (i) the three features correctly labelled on
cheek cell (which are referred to in
part (ii)
label lines should touch or end very close to part no marks if
leaf cell labelled
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
mitochondrion
accept mitochondria or one of these could be labelled
vacuole
3
(ii) any three from
feature function
nucleus controls cell
accept contains genetic material or genes or chromosomes
or stores information
do not credit the brain of the cell
cytoplasm where respiration
occurs
accept contains food or mitochondria
Page 15 of 18
or reactions occurs
membrane less water or
chemicals
accept surrounds the cell or lets some things in but not
others
do not credit keeps things out or protection
in and or out
mitochondria where energy released
ecf from leaf cell labelling
accept chloroplasts make sugar or glucose
accept vacuole contains sap
accept if cell wall mis labelled on cheek cell, support or hold
together
3
(b) fight or ingest or kill bacteria or
germs or viruses or microbes
accept produce antitoxins or antibodies fight disease
(organisms)
do not credit fungus
1
(transport) oxygen or carry
haemoglobin
accept transport carbon dioxide or helps form scabs
1
[8]
Q10.
(i) 6 in both spaces
do not credit if any formula has been altered
1
(ii) glucose
allow fructose or dextrose
1
(iii) mitochondria
accept organelles
1
[3]
Q11.
(a) (i) water (molecules) enter(s) (the cell)
or water (molecules) pass(es) through the (semi-permeable)
cell membrane
1
by osmosis
or because the concentration of water is
Page 16 of 18
greater outside (the cell than inside it
the vacuole)
accept because of the concentration
gradient provided there is no contradiction
1
(ii) any one from
(it is) elastic
(it is) strong
(it is fully) permeable (to water)
or water can pass through it
do not credit semi-permeable
do not credit cell membrane is semi-permeable
1
(b) (the piece of) potato shrinks
or loses its turgor
or becomes flabby
or becomes flaccid
or plasmolysis occur
or cytoplasm pulls away from the cell wall
(because) concentration of sugar
or because concentration of water
1
(solution) is greater than concentration inside the cell / vacuole
inside the cell / vacuole is greater than concentration (of
water) outside
1
water is drawn out of the cell
1
[6]
Q12.
(a) 23
1
(b) chromosome nucleus gene cell
2 3 1 4
1
(c) (i) any one from
(cells which are bigger) take up more space
(cells) have to get bigger or mature to divide
1
(ii) chromosomes duplicate or
make exact copies of self
Page 17 of 18
accept forms pairs of chromatids
1
nuclei divide
accept chromatids or
chromosomes separate
1
identical (daughter) cells formed
accept for example, skin cells make
more skin cells or cells are clones
1
(d) any two from
Differentiation mark
babies need or are made of different types of cells or cells that have
different functions
accept different cells are needed
for different organs
Division or specialisation mark
as fertilised egg starts to divide each cell specialises to form a part of the body
accept specialised cells make
different parts of the body
Growth mark
specialised cells undergo mitosis to grow further cells
accept cells divide or reproduce
to form identical cells
2
[8]
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