Q1. Total 3.0 Points (0.
5 Point / each answer)
Answer:
(a) London dispersion forces are the only type of intermolecular force that nonpolar molecules
exhibit.
(d) The molecules in SO2(g) exhibit dipole–dipole intermolecular interactions.
(e) CH3CH2CH3 has stronger London dispersion forces than does CH4.
(g) HF will have a lower vapor pressure at -50℃ than HBr.
(h) Cl2 will have a higher boiling point than Ar.
(i) HCl is more soluble in water than in CCl4.
(a), (d), (e), (g), (h), (i)
Q2. Some oxide superconductors adopt a crystal structure similar to that of perovskite
(CaTiO3). The unit cell is cubic with a Ti4+ ion in each corner, a Ca2+ ion in the body
center, and O2- ions at the midpoint of each edge. / Total 2.2 point
(a) Is this unit cell simple, body-centered, or face-centered? (1.0 point)
The cell contents are
Ca2+ ion : Located at the body center ⇒ 1 Ca2+ per unit cell
1
Ti4+ ion : Located at each corner ⇒ 8 × = 𝟏 Ti4+ per unit cell
8
1
O ion : Located at the midpoints of each edge ⇒ 12 × = 𝟑 O2- per unit cell
2-
4
(+ 0.5 point)
So, the cell contents are one CaTiO3 formula unit.
The presence of one formula unit per unit cell indicates a simple cubic unit cell.
(+ 0.5 point)
(b) If the unit cell edge length is 3.84 Å, what is the density of perovskite
(in g/cm3 )? (1.2 point)
Mass of the unit cell
1 𝐶𝑎𝑇𝑖𝑂3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑇𝑖𝑂3 135.96 𝑔 𝐶𝑎𝑇𝑖𝑂3
=( )( )( ) = 2.258 × 10−22 𝑔
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 6.022 × 1023 𝐶𝑎𝑇𝑖𝑂3 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐶𝑎𝑇𝑖𝑂3
(+ 0.4 point)
Volume of the unit cell
3
(3.84 Å)3 10−8 𝑐𝑚
=( )( ) = 5.66 × 10−23 𝑐𝑚3
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 1Å
(+ 0.4 point)
So, density of perovskite (g/cm3)
2.258 × 10−22 𝑔
=( ) = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟗 𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟑
5.66 × 10−23 𝑐𝑚3
(+ 0.4 point)
Q3. Total 2.0 point (without unit is -0.1 point)
From Clausius clapeyron equation
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 1 1 40700 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑙𝑛(𝑥 𝑎𝑡𝑚) = (388.15 𝐾 – )
373.15 𝐾 8.314 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
) = -0.5070
- 0.5 point
-> e-0.5070 = 0.6023 = 1/x - 0.3 point
-> x = 1.67 atm - 0.2 point
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚 1 1 40700 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
ln(3.5 𝑎𝑡𝑚) = (𝑥 𝐾 – )
373.15 𝐾 8.314 𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙
- 0.5 point
8.314 (373.15 – 𝑥)
-> -1.25*40700 = -0.000256 = 373.15 𝐾
-> -0.0955x(K) = (373.15 – x)
-> 0.9045x(K) = 373.15
-> x(K) = 412.55 -0.5 point
-> 412.55 - 273.15 = 139 ºC
Q4 . TOTAL 1.8 POINT
(a) What phase(s) is (are) present at point A? E? F? H? B? C? (+0.3 point/0.05 points each)
- Point A: Solid (blue region)
- Point E: Solid, Liquid (on the solid-
liquid boundary)
- Point F: Liquid, Gas (on the liquid-
gas boundary)
- Point H: Liquid (green region)
- Point B: Solid, Liquid, Gas (where
solid, liquid, and gas phases are in
equilibrium)
- Point C: Gas (yellow region)
(b) Which point corresponds to the critical point? Which point corresponds to the
triple point? (+0.3 point)
- Critical point: D (end of the liquid-gas boundary)
- Triple point: B (where the solid, liquid, and gas boundaries meet)
(c) What curve corresponds to conditions at which the solid and gas are in
equilibrium? (+0.3 point)
- The curve that corresponds to conditions at which the solid and gas are in
equilibrium is the line from point G to point B.
(d) Describe what happens when you start at point A and increase the temperature
at constant pressure. (+0.3 point)
- The substance is a solid, which would melt and then boil.
(e) Describe what happens when you start at point H and decrease the pressure at
constant temperature. (+0.3 point)
- The substance is a liquid, which would vaporize.
(f) Is liquid X more or less dense than solid X? (+0.3 point)
- Based on the phase diagram, if the solid-liquid equilibrium line slopes positively
(to the right), it indicates that the liquid phase is less dense than the solid phase.
If the line slopes negatively (to the left), the liquid phase is more dense than the
solid phase. In this diagram, the solid-liquid equilibrium line slopes negatively, so
liquid X is denser than solid X.
