Head to savemyexams.

com for more awesome resources

6.1 Chemical Change & Rate of Reaction

Question Paper

Course CIE IGCSE Chemistry

Section 6. Chemical Reactions
Topic 6.1 Chemical Change & Rate of Reaction
Difficulty Medium

Time allowed: 160

Score: /132

Percentage: /100

Page 1 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 1a
Separate: Chemistry and Extended Only
A length of magnesium ribbon was added to 50 cm3 of sulfuric acid, concentration 1.0 mol/dm3. The time taken for the
magnesium to react was measured. The experiment was repeated with the same volume of different acids. In all these
experiments, the acid was in excess and the same length of magnesium ribbon was used.
Experiment Acid Concentration in mol/dm3 Time / s
A sulfuric acid 1.0 20
B propanoic acid 0.5 230
C hydrochloric acid 1.0 40
D hydrochloric acid 0.5 80
i)
Write these experiments in order of reaction speed. Give the experiment with the fastest speed first.
[1]

ii)
Give reasons for the order you have given in (i).
[5]
[6 marks]

Page 2 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 1b
Suggest two changes to experiment C which would increase the speed of the reaction and explain why the speed would
increase. The volume of the acid, the concentration of the acid and the mass of magnesium used were kept the same.

change 1 ....................................................................................................
explanation ................................................................................................

change 2 ....................................................................................................
explanation .................................................................................................
[5 marks]

Question 2a
Manganese is a transition element. It has more than one valency and the metal and its compounds are catalysts.
Predict three other properties of manganese that are typical of transition elements.
[3 marks]

Page 3 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 2b
Extended Only
It has several oxides, three of which are shown below.
Manganese(II) oxide, which is basic.
Manganese(III) oxide, which is amphoteric.
Manganese(IV) oxide, which is acidic.

i)
Complete the word equation.

manganese(II) oxide + hydrochloric acid → ..................... ..................... + .....................

[2]
ii)
Which, if any, of these oxides will react with sodium hydroxide?
[1]
[3 marks]

Page 4 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 2c
Aqueous hydrogen peroxide decomposes to form water and oxygen.

2H2O2 (aq) → 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)

This reaction is catalysed by manganese(IV) oxide.

The following experiments were carried out to investigate the rate of this reaction.

A 0.1 g sample of manganese(IV) oxide was added to 20 cm3 of 0.2 mol / dm3 hydrogen peroxide solution. The volume of
oxygen produced was measured every minute. The results of this experiment are shown on the graph.

i)
How does the rate of reaction vary with time? Explain why the rate varies.
[3]
ii)
The following experiment was carried out at the same temperature.

0.1 g of manganese(IV) oxide and 20 cm3 of 0.4 mol / dm3 hydrogen peroxide.

Sketch the curve for this experiment on the same grid.

[2]
iii)
How would the shape of the graph differ if only half the mass of catalyst had been used in these experiments?
[2]
[7 marks]

Page 5 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Page 6 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 3a
The equation for the reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid is given below.
Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + S (s) + SO2 (g) + H2O (l)
The speed of this reaction was investigated using the following experiment. A beaker containing 50 cm3 of 0.2 mol/dm3
sodium thiosulfate was placed on a black cross.
5.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid was added and the clock was started.

Initially, the cross was clearly visible. When the solution became cloudy and the cross could no longer be seen, the clock was
stopped and the time recorded.
The experiment was repeated with 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol/dm3 sodium thiosulfate and 25 cm3 of water. Typical results for this
experiment and a further two experiments are given in the table.

i)
Explain why it is necessary to keep the total volume the same in all the experiments.
[2]
ii)
Complete the table.
[1]
iii)
How and why does the speed of the reaction vary from experiment 1 to 4?
[3]
[6 marks]

Page 7 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 3b
Extended Only
The idea of collisions between reacting particles is used to explain changes in the speed of reactions. Use this idea to explain
the following results.

[4 marks]

Page 8 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 4a
The rate of the reaction between iron and aqueous bromine can be investigated using the apparatus shown below.

A piece of iron was weighed and placed in the apparatus. It was removed at regular intervals and the clock was paused. The
piece of iron was washed, dried, weighed and replaced. The clock was restarted.
This was continued until the solution was colourless.
The mass of iron was plotted against time. The graph shows the results obtained.

i)
Suggest an explanation for the shape of the graph.
[3]
ii)
Predict the shape of the graph if a similar piece of iron with a much rougher surface had been used.
Explain your answer.
[2]
iii)
Describe how you could find out if the rate of this reaction depended on the speed of stirring.
[2]
[7 marks]

Page 9 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 4b
Extended Only
Iron has two oxidation states +2 and +3. There are two possible equations for the redox reaction between iron and bromine.

Fe + Br2 → Fe2+ + 2Br–

2Fe + 3Br2 → 2Fe3+ + 6Br–
i)
Indicate, on the first equation, the change which is oxidation. Give a reason for your choice.
[2]
ii)
Which substance in the first equation is the reductant (reducing agent)?
[1]
[3 marks]

Page 10 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 4c
Describe how you could test the solution to find out which ion, Fe2+ or Fe3+, is present.
[3 marks]

Page 11 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 5a
Some of the factors that can determine the rate of a reaction are concentration, temperature and light intensity.
A small piece of calcium carbonate was added to an excess of hydrochloric acid. The time taken for the carbonate to react
completely was measured.

CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

The experiment was repeated at the same temperature, using pieces of calcium carbonate of the same size but with acid of a
different concentration. In all the experiments an excess of acid was used.

concentration of acid in mol / dm3 4 2 2 ..........

number of pieces of carbonate 1 1 2 1
time in s .......... 80 .......... 160

i)
Complete the table (assume the rate is proportional to both the acid concentration and the number of pieces of calcium
carbonate).

[3]

ii)
Explain why the reaction rate would increase if the temperature was increased.

[2]

iii)
Explain why the rate of this reaction increases if the piece of carbonate is crushed to a powder.

[1]
[6 marks]

Page 12 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 5b
Sodium chlorate(I) decomposes to form oxygen and sodium chloride. This is an example of a photochemical reaction. The
rate of reaction depends on the intensity of the light.

2NaClO (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + O2 (g)

i)
Describe how the rate of this reaction could be measured.

[2]

ii)
How could you show that this reaction is photochemical?

[1]
[3 marks]

Question 5c
Separate: Chemistry Only
Photosynthesis is another example of a photochemical reaction. Glucose and more complex carbohydrates are made from
carbon dioxide and water.
Complete the equation.

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + ...........

[2 marks]
Page 13 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 6a
The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is catalysed by manganese(IV) oxide.
2H2O2 (aq) → 2H2O (l) + O2 (g)
To 50 cm3 of aqueous hydrogen peroxide, 0.50 g of manganese(IV) oxide was added. The volume of oxygen formed was
measured every 20 seconds. The average reaction rate was calculated for each 20 second interval.

Explain how the average reaction rate, 2.4 cm3/s, was calculated for the first 20 seconds.
[2 marks]

Question 6b
Complete the table.
[1 mark]

Question 6c
Explain why the average reaction rate decreases with time.
[2 marks]

Page 14 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 6d
The experiment was repeated but 1.0 g of manganese(IV) oxide was added.
What effect, if any, would this have on the reaction rate and on the final volume of oxygen?
Give a reason for each answer.

i)
Effect on rate.
[1]
ii)
Reason
[2]
iii)
Effect on final volume of oxygen.
[1]
iv)
Reason
[2]
[6 marks]

Page 15 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 7a
The rate of a reaction depends on the concentration of reactants, temperature and possibly a catalyst or light.
A piece of magnesium ribbon was added to 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid.
The hydrogen evolved was collected in a gas syringe and its volume was measured every 30 seconds.

In all the experiments mentioned in this question, the acid was in excess.
The results were plotted to give a graph.

i)
The experiment was repeated. Two pieces of magnesium ribbon were added to 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid.
Sketch this graph on the same grid and label it X.
[2]
ii)
The experiment was repeated using one piece of magnesium ribbon and 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 ethanoic acid. Describe
how the shape of this graph would differ from the one given on the grid.
[2]
[4 marks]
Page 16 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 7b
Extended Only
Reaction rate increases when concentration or temperature is increased.
Using the idea of reacting particles, explain why;

i)
Increasing concentration increases the reaction rate,
[2]
ii)
Increasing temperature increases reaction rate.
[2]
[4 marks]

Page 17 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 7c
Separate: Chemistry Only
The rate of a photochemical reaction is affected by light. A reaction, in plants, between carbon dioxide and water is
photochemical.

i)
Name the two products of this reaction.
[2]
ii)
This reaction will only occur in the presence of light and another chemical. Name this chemical.
[1]
[3 marks]

Question 8a
Extended Only
The following apparatus was used to measure the rate of the reaction between zinc and iodine.

The mass of the zinc plate was measured every minute until the reaction was complete.
Write an ionic equation for the redox reaction that occurred between zinc atoms and iodine molecules.
[2 marks]

Page 18 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 8b
Describe how you could show by adding aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia that a solution contained zinc
ions.
Result with sodium hydroxide .....................................................................................
Excess sodium hydroxide .....................................................................................
Result with aqueous ammonia .....................................................................................
Excess aqueous ammonia .....................................................................................
[3 marks]

Page 19 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 8c
From the results of this experiment two graphs were plotted.

i)
Which reagent iodine or zinc was in excess? Give a reason for your choice.
[1]
ii)
Describe how the shape of graph 1 would change if 100 cm3 of 0.05 mol/dm3 iodine had been used.
[2]
iii)
On graph 2, sketch the shape if the reaction had been carried out using 100 cm3 of 0.1 mol/dm3 iodine at 35 °C instead of at
25 °C.
[2]
[5 marks]

Page 20 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 9a
A student investigates the progress of the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl , and an excess of large pieces of
marble, CaCO3, using the apparatus shown in Fig. 5.1.

Fig. 5.1

A graph of the volume of gas produced against time is shown in Fig. 5.2.

Fig. 5.2

State how the shape of the graph shows that the rate of reaction decreases as the reaction progresses.
[1 mark]

Question 9b
Suggest why the rate of reaction decreases as the reaction progresses.
[1 mark]

Question 9c
Deduce the time at which the reaction finishes.
[1 mark]

Page 21 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 9d
The experiment is repeated using the same mass of smaller pieces of marble.
All other conditions are kept the same.
Draw a line on the grid in Fig. 5.2 to show the progress of the reaction using the smaller pieces of marble.
[2 marks]

Question 9e
Extended Only
The original experiment is repeated at a higher temperature. All other conditions are kept the same. The resulting increase in
rate of reaction can be explained in terms of activation energy and collisions between particles.
Define the term activation energy.
[2 marks]

Question 9f
Extended Only
Explain why the rate of a reaction increases when temperature increases, in terms of activation energy and collisions
between particles.
[3 marks]

Page 22 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 10a
Sulfur dioxide, SO2 , is used in the manufacture of sulfuric acid.
Why is a catalyst used?
[1 mark]

Question 10b
Extended Only
Explain, in terms of particles, why a high temperature increases the rate of this reaction.
[3 marks]

Question 11a
Oxygen is produced by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Manganese(IV) oxide is the
catalyst for this reaction.
What is meant by the term catalyst?
[2 marks]

Page 23 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 11b
Extended Only
A student measures the volume of oxygen produced at regular time intervals using the apparatus shown. Large lumps of
manganese(IV) oxide are used.

A graph of the results is shown.

What happens to the rate of this reaction as time increases?

In your answer, explain why the rate changes in this way.
[4 marks]

Page 24 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 11c
The experiment is repeated using the same mass of manganese(IV) oxide.
Powdered manganese(IV) oxide is used instead of large lumps. All other conditions stay the same.
Sketch a graph on the axes in (b) to show how the volume of oxygen changes with time.
[2 marks]

Question 11d
Extended Only
In terms of particles, explain what happens to the rate of this reaction when the temperature is increased.
[3 marks]

Question 12
Extended Only
Ammonia is manufactured by the Haber process.
Explain, in terms of particles, what happens to the rate of this reaction when the temperature is increased.
[3 marks]

Page 25 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 13a
A student investigates the rate of reaction of small pieces of calcium carbonate with an excess of hydrochloric acid of
concentration 1mol/dm3.
CaCO 3 ( s ) + 2HCl ( aq ) → CaCl 2 ( aq ) + CO 2 (g ) +H2 O (l)

Name the salt formed when calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid.
[1 mark]

Question 13b
The graph shows how the mass of the reaction mixture changes with time.

State why the reaction mixture decreases in mass.

[1 mark]

Question 13c
Calculate the loss in mass during the first 40 seconds of the experiment.
[1 mark]

Page 26 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 13d
The experiment is repeated using hydrochloric acid of concentration 2 mol/dm3 .
All other conditions are kept the same.
Draw a line on the grid for the experiment using hydrochloric acid of concentration 2 mol/dm3.
[2 marks]

Question 13e
In the experiment, when 2.00 g of calcium carbonate is used, the loss in mass of the reaction mixture is 0.88 g.
All other conditions are kept the same.
Calculate the loss in mass when 0.50 g of calcium carbonate is used.
[1 mark]

Question 13f
The experiment is repeated using the same mass of different-sized pieces of calcium carbonate.
All other conditions are kept the same.
The sizes of the pieces of calcium carbonate are:
powder
small pieces
large pieces.
Complete the table by writing the sizes of the pieces of calcium carbonate in the first column.

size of pieces of initial rate of loss

calcium carbonate in mass in g/ s
0.005
0.030
0.100
[1 mark]

Page 27 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 14a
The graph shows how the volume of hydrogen produced changes with time.

Describe how the rate of reaction changes with time.

Use the graph to explain your answer.
[2 marks]

Question 14b
How many seconds did it take to collect the first 25 cm3 of hydrogen?
[1 mark]

Question 14c
The experiment is repeated at a higher temperature.
All other conditions are kept the same.
Draw a line on the grid for the experiment using a higher temperature.
[2 marks]

Page 28 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers
 Head to savemyexams.com for more awesome resources

Question 14d
If 2.4 g of magnesium is used, 0.2 g of hydrogen is produced.
Calculate the mass of magnesium needed to produce 0.8 g of hydrogen using an excess of dilute hydrochloric acid.

mass of magnesium = .............................. g

[1 mark]

Question 15
Oxides of nitrogen are pollutants in the air.
Oxides of nitrogen act as catalysts.

What is meant by the term catalyst?

[1 mark]

Page 29 of 29

© 2015-2023 Save My Exams, Ltd. · Revision Notes, Topic Questions, Past Papers