MICROTEACHING ON CATARACT

Submitted
To- Submitted By-
Mr.Praveen
Madhavi
iumar
Lecturer, M.Sc Nursing Ye
CON st ar
1
 Lesson Plan

Topic:
Cataract
Name:
Srishti Bajaj
Year:
M.Sc. Nursing I year
Date of Presentation:
12/10/22
Time and Duration of Presentation:
10AM, FOR 10Minutes
Venue:
Institute of liver and biliary sciences
Name of the supervisor:
Mr. Jithin Thomas Parel
Group:
1st year MSc students
Method of Teaching:
Lecture cum discussion
A.V aids:
Chart, PowerPoint slides.
Subject:
Nursing Education

Previous Knowledge of the group- Ask the group about the knowledge regarding Cataract

General objectives- At the end of the microteaching the students will be able to gain knowledge on cataract and can apply it in
the clinical practice.
 Specific objectives-

At the end of the class,the students will be able to:-

1) Introduce self and topic to the group cataract.

2) Define cataract.

3) Discuss about the incidence of cataract

4) Enlist etiology and risk factors of disease condition.

5) Describe pathophysiology.

6) Explain the types of cataract.

7) Enumerate the clinical manifestations of cataract.

8) Discuss diagnosis of cataract.

9) Illustrate the medical and surgical management of cataract.

10) Outline the nursing interventions for cataract.

11) Summarize the topic.

Sr. No. Time Specific Content Teaching AV Aids Evaluation
Objective Learning
Activities

To introduce
1. 10sec self Introduction of self Student teacher
Good morning everyone. Myself, Srishti will be able to
introduce self
Bajaj, student of M.Sc. Nursing I year. to
Today we will discuss about group.
hydrocephalus.
To introduce The student Powerpoi
1. 20sec the Introduction of Topic:- will nt Introduce the topic?
topic The term cataract is derived from the latin introduce the slide
word “cataracta” meaning waterfall or topic
downpour.
Powerpoi
2. 10sec To define the Definition: The student nt Define the disease
disease
condition A cataract is lens opacity or cloudiness. teacher will slide condition?
Or define the
A cataract is a dense cloudy area that
forms disease
in the lens of eyes. condition
To discuss Powerpoi
3. 10sec about Incidence of Cataract: Student teacher nt What is the incidence
incidence of will be able to slide of cataract?
cataract. The WHO &National Programme for discuss
Control of blindness survey has shown
that incidence of
there is backlog of over 22million blind cataract.
eyes i.e 12million blind people in India
 &80.1% of these are blind due to cataract.
Annual incidence is about 3.8 milllion.
Powerpoi
4. 1min To discuss Pathophysiology: Student teacher nt What is the
pathophysiolog
y will be able to slide pathophysiology of
of cataract. The clear lens of the eye transmits light explain about cataract?
rays entering the eye and focuses them on pathophysio-
retina logy of
cataract.
 With ageing lens proteins progressively
denature causing increase in density and
yellowish-brown coloration of the lens.

Other factors such as blunt force trauma

can cause thickening and irreversible
whitening of the lens.

The resultant cloudy lens lacks the ability

to transmit and focus light rays on the
retina.

This manifests as blurry vision or loss of

vision in advanced cases.

PowerPoi
5. 1min To enlist risk The common risk factors of cataract Student teacher nt Enlist risk factors and
factors and include:. will be able to slide etiology of cataract.
etiology Congenital: enlist risk
-familial factors and
-Intrauterine infections(mainly in rubella, etiology
toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus. associated with
-Maternal drug ingestion. cataract.

Age: Elderly

Metabolic:
-Diabetes Mellitus
-Wilson’s disease
-Galactosemia
 -Hypocalcemia

Drug induced:
-Corticosteroids
-Phenothiazines

Cigarette smoking

6 Explain the Powerpoi

. 2min types Types of cataract are: Student teacher nt What are types of
of cataract. will be able to slide cataract?
explain types
1.Subcapsular cataract-Anterior of
subcapsular cataract cataract.

-Posterior subcapsular cataract

2.Nuclear cataract-involves the nucleus
of
the lens, yellow to brown discolouration

3.Cortical Cataract-wedge shaped or

radical spike like opacity.

4.Polar Cataract-central posterior part of

lens is involved.
7 Powerpoi
. 2min Enumerate the Clinical manifestations are: Student teacher nt What are the clinical
clinical will be able to slide manifestations of
manifestations
of -Painless,,clouded or dim vision enumerate the cataract?
cataract. clinical
-Increasing difficulty with vision at night
 manifestations
-Senstivity to glare&light

-Seeing halos around light

 -fading or yellowing of colours

-Double vision in a single eye

-Colour shift

-Brunscenes9shift of colour value to

yellow -brown)

8 Powe
. 2min Discuss about DIAGNOSIS: Student teacher point How to do the
the diagnostic will be able to slide. diagnosis of cataract?
evaluation of -History collection of the patient. discuss about
cataract. the diagnostic
-Physical examination
evaluation of
cataract.
-Snellen’s visual acuity test

-Retinoscopy-retinal examination

-Opthalmoscopy

9 Powerpoi
. 30sec Illustrate the Medical Management:Use of glasses or Student teacher nt What are the medical
medical and contact lenses may improve vision. will illustrate slide and surgical
surgical medical and management of
management of Surgical Management: surgical cataract ?
cataract . management.
A) Phacoemulsification:
Phacoemulsification is a common cataract
surgery where ultrasound is used to break
the lens of the eye into small fragments,
which are then suctioned out of the eye.
The lens is replaced with an intraocular
lens implant. Phacoemulsification restores
 vision in patients with cataracts, a
clouding
of the eye's lens.

B) Extracapsular Cataract Extraction

(ECCE)- The term ECCE refers to the
technique in which a portion of anterior
capsule of the lens is removed, allowing
extraction of the lens nucleus and cortex,
leaving the remainder of anterior capsule,
the posterior capsule, and the zonular
support intact.

10 Powerpoi
. 30sec Outline the INTERVENTIONS ARE: Student teacher nt Outline the nursing
nursing will be able to slide interventions.
interventions. -Prepare patients for cataract surgery as outline the
appropriate. nursing
interventions
-Approach patient with a decreased field of
of cataract.
vision on the side where visual perception
is intact.

-Teach the patient to turn and look in the

direction in the defective visual field to
compensate for the loss.
-Provide comfort measures and Establish
a
therapeutic relationship with the patient.

-Allow the patient to express his fears and

anxieties about his visual loss.
 Patient Teaching:

-Tell the patient to avoid activities that

increase intraocular pressure such as
straining.

-Urge the patient to protect the eye from

accidental injury at night by wearing a
plastic or metal shield with perforations,a
shield or glasses should be worn for
protection during the day.

-Advise the patient to watch for and

immediately report complications such as
sharp pain in the eye that’s uncontrolled
by
analgesics this can be caused hyphema(a
clouding in the anterior chamber) .

11
. 30sec Summarize the Cataract is a disorder that causes the lens Student teacher Summarize the topic.
topic. or its capsules to lose its transparency or will summarize
the topic.
become opaque.Cataracts are made from a
protein that has altered from its natural
state, distorting and eventually prohibiting
required light from entering into the
retina,
the part of the eye that receives light.
Often
cataracts cause no problems for many
years
but as cataracts mature the cloudiness
increases on the lens, the light reaching
the
retina decreases, and significant sight loss
and perhaps blindness can result.
Treatment is simple and effective yet is not
readily available or affordable for those
living in rural areas.
 Bibliography:
th
Suddharth’s & Brunners textbook of medical & surgical nursing.Elsvier Publication ,12 Edition Page no 1857-

1860 Anp, B. A. M. S. N. M. (2018, November 2). Lippincott Manual of Nursing Practice (11th ed.). LWW.