Practical Lab Guide: Linux and Windows

Unit Concept Linux Practical Windows Practical

Unit 1: Exploring OS - Use the ls, cd, and pwd commands - Explore File Explorer and
Introduction to Components to navigate the Linux file system. navigate through
OS directories (e.g., C:,
Users).
Understanding - Identify the Linux distribution - Check the Windows
OS Types using lsb_release -a. version
using winver or systeminf
o.
OS Functions - Use top or htop to monitor system - Use Task Manager to
processes and resource usage. monitor processes, CPU,
memory, and disk usage.
OS Challenges - Simulate a high CPU usage scenario - Simulate high CPU usage
using stress and observe system using a script or
performance. application and observe
Task Manager.
Unit 2: Process - Use ps, pstree, and kill commands - Use Task Manager to
Processes & Management to view and manage processes. view and terminate
Threads processes.
Thread - Write a simple multithreaded - Write a simple
Management program in C or Python and run it on multithreaded program in
Linux. C# or Python and run it on
Windows.
Process - Simulate scheduling algorithms - Simulate scheduling
Scheduling (e.g., FCFS, Round Robin) using a algorithms using a script
script or program. or program.
Inter-Process - Use pipe or mkfifo to create a - Use Windows Named
Communicatio named pipe and demonstrate IPC. Pipes to demonstrate IPC
n (IPC) between processes.
Unit 3: File File System - Use ls, df, and du commands to - Use File Explorer and
Systems Exploration explore file systems and disk usage. Disk Management to
explore file systems and
disk usage.
File Operations - Create, read, write, and delete files - Create, read, write, and
using touch, cat, echo, and rm. delete files using Notepad
and Command Prompt.
Directory - Create, list, and delete directories - Create, list, and delete
Management using mkdir, ls, and rmdir. directories using
Command Prompt
(mkdir, dir, rmdir).
File - Use chmod, chown, and chgrp to - Modify file permissions
Permissions modify file permissions and using File Explorer
ownership. (Properties > Security).
 Unit 4: Security User - Create a new user - Create a new user using
& Protection Authentication using useradd and set a password Control Panel > User
using passwd. Accounts.
Access Control - Modify file permissions - Modify file permissions
using chmod to restrict access to using File Explorer
files. (Properties > Security).
Data - Encrypt a file using gpg (GNU - Encrypt a file using
Encryption Privacy Guard) BitLocker or built-in
encryption tools.
Security - Set a password policy - Set a password policy
Policies using pam_cracklib or pam_pwqualit using Group Policy Editor
y. (gpedit.msc).
Unit 5: Critical Section - Write a program in C or Python to - Write a program in C# or
Concurrency & Problem demonstrate the Critical Section Python to demonstrate
Synchronizatio Problem and solve it using locks. the Critical Section
n Problem and solve it using
locks.
Race - Write a program where two - Write a program where
Conditions threads increment a shared variable two threads increment a
without synchronization. shared variable without
synchronization.
Synchronizatio - Implement a producer-consumer - Implement a producer-
n Mechanisms problem using semaphores in C or consumer problem using
Python. semaphores in C# or
Python.
Deadlocks - Simulate a deadlock scenario using - Simulate a deadlock
a program and implement a solution scenario using a program
(e.g., resource ordering). and implement a solution
(e.g., resource ordering).

Detailed Practical Activities

Unit 1: Introduction to OS
- Linux:

- Use `ls`, `cd`, and `pwd` to navigate the file system.

- Use `top` or `htop` to monitor system processes and resource usage.

- Simulate high CPU usage with `stress` and observe system performance.

- Windows:

- Explore File Explorer and navigate through directories.

 - Use Task Manager to monitor processes and resource usage.

- Simulate high CPU usage using a script or application.

Unit 2: Processes & Threads

- Linux:

- Use `ps`, `pstree`, and `kill` to manage processes.

- Write a multithreaded program in C or Python.

- Simulate scheduling algorithms (e.g., FCFS, Round Robin).

- Use `pipe` or `mkfifo` for IPC.

- Windows:

- Use Task Manager to manage processes.

- Write a multithreaded program in C# or Python.

- Simulate scheduling algorithms.

- Use Named Pipes for IPC.

Unit 3: File Systems

- Linux:

- Use `ls`, `df`, and `du` to explore file systems.

- Perform file operations using `touch`, `cat`, `echo`, and `rm`.

- Manage directories using `mkdir`, `ls`, and `rmdir`.

- Modify file permissions using `chmod`, `chown`, and `chgrp`.

- Windows:

- Explore file systems using File Explorer and Disk Management.

- Perform file operations using Notepad and Command Prompt.

- Manage directories using Command Prompt (`mkdir`, `dir`, `rmdir`).

- Modify file permissions using File Explorer.

Unit 4: Security & Protection

- Linux:
 - Create a user using `useradd` and set a password using `passwd`.

- Modify file permissions using `chmod`.

- Encrypt a file using `gpg`.

- Set a password policy using `pam_cracklib` or `pam_pwquality`.

- Windows:

- Create a user using Control Panel > User Accounts.

- Modify file permissions using File Explorer.

- Encrypt a file using BitLocker.

- Set a password policy using Group Policy Editor.

Unit 5: Concurrency & Synchronization

- Linux:

- Write a program to demonstrate the Critical Section Problem and solve it using locks.

- Write a program to demonstrate race conditions.

- Implement a producer-consumer problem using semaphores.

- Simulate a deadlock scenario and implement a solution.

- Windows:

- Write a program to demonstrate the Critical Section Problem and solve it using locks.

- Write a program to demonstrate race conditions.

- Implement a producer-consumer problem using semaphores.

- Simulate a deadlock scenario and implement a solution.