3

Periodic Classification
and Periodic Properties

Topic 1 History and Periodic Classification

Objective Questions I (Only one correct option) (c) the first ionisation energies of elements along a period do not
vary in a regular manner with increase in atomic number
1. The IUPAC symbol for the element with atomic number 119
(d) for transition elements the d-subshells are filled with electrons
would be (2019 Main, 8 April II)
monotonically with increase in atomic number
(a) unh (b) uue
(c) uun (d) une Objective Question II
2. The element with Z = 120 (not yet discovered) will be an/a (One or more than one correct option)
(2019 Main, 12 Jan I)
(a) transition metal (b) inner-transition metal 4. The statements that is/are true for the long form of the
(c) alkaline earth metal (d) alkali metal periodic table is/are (1988, 1M)
(a) it reflects the sequence of filling the electrons in the order of
3. The statement that is not correct for the periodic sub-energy level s, p, d and f
classification of elements, is (1992, 1M)
(b) it helps to predict the stable valency states of the elements
(a) the properties of elements are the periodic functions of their
(c) it reflects tends in physical and chemical properties of the
atomic numbers
elements
(b) non-metallic elements are lesser in number than metallic
(d) it helps to predict the relative ionicity of the bond between any
elements
two elements

Topic 2 Periodic Properties

Objective Questions I (Only one correct option) 3. The group number, number of valence electrons and valency
2−
1. The correct order of the ionic radii of O , N , F , Mg ,3− − 2+ of an element with atomic number 15, respectively, are
(2019 Main, 12 April I)
+ 3+
Na and Al is (2020 Main, 5 Sep II) (a) 16, 5 and 2 (b) 15, 5 and 3
(a) N3 − < O2 − < F− < Na + < Mg 2+ < Al 3+ (c) 16, 6 and 3 (d) 15, 6 and 2
(b) Al 3+ < Na + < Mg 2+ < O2 − < F− < N3 − 4. The element having greatest difference between its first and
(c) Al 3+ < Mg 2+ < Na + < F− < O2 − < N3 − second ionisation energy, is (2019 Main, 9 April I)
3− − 2− 2+ + 3+ (a) Ca (b) Sc
(d) N <F <O < Mg < Na < Al
(c) Ba (d) K
2. Within each pair of elements F and Cl, S and Se, and Li and
5. The correct option with respect to the Pauling
Na, respectively, the elements that release more energy upon
electronegativity values of the elements is
an electron gain are (2020 Main, 7 Jan II) (2019 Main, 11 Jan II)
(a) F, Se and Na (b) F, S and Li (a) P > S (b) Si < Al
(c) Cl, S and Li (d) Cl, Se and Na (c) Te > Se (d) Ga < Ge
42 Periodic Classification and Periodic Properties

6. The correct order of the atomic radii of C, Cs, Al and S is 18. Which of the following has the maximum number of
(2019 Main, 11 Jan I) unpaired electrons ? (1996, 1M)
(a) C < S < Al < Cs (b) C < S < Cs < Al (a) Mg2+ (b) Ti 3+
(c) S < C < Cs < Al (d) S < C < Al < Cs (c) V 3+ (d) Fe2+
7. In general, the properties that decrease and increase down a 19. Amongst the following elements (whose electronic
group in the periodic table, respectively are configurations are given below), the one having the highest
(2019 Main, 9 Jan I)
ionisation energy is (1990, 1M)
(a) electronegativity and atomic radius
(a) [Ne] 3s2 3 p1 (b) [Ne] 3s2 3 p3
(b) electronegativity and electron gain enthalpy 2 2
(c) electron gain enthalpy and electronegativity (c) [Ne] 3s 3 p (d) [Ar] 3d 10 4s2 4 p3
(d) atomic radius and electronegativity 20. Which one of the following is the smallest in size?
8. The ionic radii (in Å) of N3− ,O2− and F− respectively are (1989, 1M)
(2015 Main) (a) N3− (b) O2−
(a) 1.36, 1.40 and 1.71 (b) 1.36, 1.71 and 1.40 (c) F − (d) Na +
(c) 1.71, 1.40 and 1.36 (d) 1.71, 1.36 and 1.40 21. The first ionisation potential of Na, Mg, Al and Si are in the
9. Which one of the following alkaline earth metal sulphates order (1988, 1M)
has its hydration enthalpy greater than its lattice enthalpy? (a) Na < Mg >Al < Si (b) Na > Mg > Al > Si
(a) CaSO4 (b) BeSO4 (2015 Main) (c) Na < Mg <Al >Si (d) Na > Mg > Al <Si
(c) BaSO4 (d) SrSO4
22. The electronegativity of the following elements increases in
10. Which among the following is the most reactive? the order (1987, 1M)
(a) Cl 2 (b) Br2 (2015 Main) (a) C, N, Si, P (b) N, Si, C, P
(c) I2 (d) ICl (c) Si, P, C, N (d) P, Si, N, C
11. Which one has the highest boiling point? 23. Atomic radii of fluorine and neon in Angstrom units are
(a) He (b) Ne (c) Kr (d) Xe respectively given by (1987, 1M)
12. The first ionisation potential of Na is 5.1 eV. The value of (a) 0.72, 1.60 (b) 1.60, 1.60
electron gain enthalpy of Na + will be (2013 Main) (c) 0.72, 0.72 (d) None of these
(a) − 2.55 eV (b) − 5.1 eV 24. The first ionisation potential in electron volts of nitrogen and
(c) − 10.2 eV (d) + 2.55 eV oxygen atoms are respectively given by (1987, 1M)
13. Which of the following represents the correct order of (a) 14.6, 13.6 (b) 13.6, 14.6
increasing first ionisation enthalpy for Ca, Ba, S, Se and Ar? (c) 13.6, 13.6 (d) 14.6, 14.6
(2013 Main)
(a) Ca < S < Ba < Se < Ar (b) S < Se < Ca < Ba < Ar
25. The hydration energy of Mg 2+ is larger than that of
(c) Ba < Ca < Se < S < Ar (d) Ca < Ba < S < Se < Ar (1984, 1M)
(a) Al 3+ (b) Na +
14. Identify the least stable ion amongst the following. (c) Be2+ (d) Mg3+
(a) Li + (b) Be− (2002, 3M)
(c) B− (d) C − 26. The element with the highest first ionisation potential is
(1982, 1M)
15. The set representing the correct order of first ionisation (a) boron (b) carbon
potential is (2001, 1M) (c) nitrogen (d) oxygen
(a) K > Na > Li (b) Be > Mg > Ca 27. The correct order of second ionisation potential of carbon,
(c) B > C > N (d) Ge > Si > C nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine is (1981, 1M)
(a) C > N > O > F (b) O > N > F > C
16. The correct order of radii is (2000, 1M) (c) O > F > N > C (d) F > O > N > C
(a) N < Be < B (b) F − < O2− < N3−
(c) Na < Li < K (d) Fe3+ < Fe 2+ < Fe4+ Objective Questions II
17. The incorrect statement among the following. (1997(C), 1M)
(One or more than one correct option)
(a) The first ionisation potential of Al is less than the first 28. The option(s) with only amphoteric oxides is(are)
ionisation potential of Mg (2017 Adv.)
(b) The second ionisation potential of Mg is greater than the (a) NO, B2O3 , PbO, SnO2 (b) Cr2O3 , CrO, SnO, PbO
second ionisation potential of Na (c) Cr2O3 , BeO, SnO, SnO2 (d) ZnO, Al 2O3 , PbO, PbO2
(c) The first ionisation potential of Na is less than the first 29. Ionic radii of (1999, 3M)
ionisation potential of Mg (a) Ti 4+ < Mn 7 + (b) 35
Cl − < 37
Cl −
(d) The third ionisation potential of Mg is greater than third
(c) K + > Cl − (d) P 3+ > P 5+
ionisation potential of Na
 Periodic Classification and Periodic Properties 43

30. The first ionisation potential of nitrogen and oxygen atoms Atomic Ionisation enthalpy (kJ/mol)
are related as follows. (1989, 1M) number I1 I2 I3
(a) The ionisation potential of oxygen is less than the ionisation n 1681 3374 6050
potential of nitrogen n+1 2081 3952 6122
(b) The ionisation potential of nitrogen is greater than the
n+ 2 496 4562 6910
ionisation potential of oxygen
(c) The two ionisation potential values are comparable n+ 3 738 1451 7733
(d) The difference between the two ionisation potential is too large
31. Sodium sulphate is soluble in water whereas barium sulphate
Fill in the Blanks
is sparingly soluble because (1989, 1M) 38. Compounds that formally contain Pb 4+ are easily reduced to
(a) the hydration energy of sodium sulphate is more than its lattice Pb 2+ . The stability of the lower oxidation state is due to
energy …… . (1997, 1M)
(b) the lattice energy of barium sulphate is more than its hydration 39. Ca 2+ has a smaller ionic radius than K + because it has
energy
............ (1993, 1M
(c) the lattice energy has no role to play in solubility
(d) the hydration energy of sodium sulphate is less than its lattice 40. On Mulliken scale, the average of ionisation potential and
energy electron affinity is known as ................ (1985, 1M)

41. The energy released when an electron is added to a neutral

Assertion and Reason gaseous atom is called …… . (1982, 1M)
Read the following questions and answer as per the direction
given below : True/False
(a) Statement I is true; Statement II is true; Statement II is
42. The basic nature of the hydroxides of group 13 (III B)
the correct explanation of Statement I.
decreases progressively down the group. (1993, 1M)
(b) Statement I is true; Statement II is true; Statement II is
not the correct explanation of Statement I. 43. The decreasing order of electron affinity of F, Cl, Br is
(c) Statement I is true; Statement II is false. F > Cl > Br. (1993, 1M)
(d) Statement I is false; Statement II is true. 44. In group IA of alkali metals, the ionisation potential
32. Statement I Nitrogen and oxygen are the main components decreases down the group. Therefore, lithium is a poor
in the atmosphere but these do not react to form oxides of reducing agent. (1987, 1M)
nitrogen. 45. The softness of group IA metals increases down the group
Statement II The reaction between nitrogen and oxygen with increasing atomic number. (1986, 1M)
requires high temperature. (2015 Main)

33. Statement I Pb 4+ compounds are stronger oxidising agents Subjective Questions

4+
than Sn compounds. 46. Arrange the following ions in order of their increasing radii
Statement II The higher oxidation states for the group 14 Li + , Mg 2+ , K + , Al 3+. (1997, 1M)
elements are more stable for the heavier members of the
group due to ‘inert pair effect’. (2008, 3M) 47. Compare qualitatively the first and second ionisation
potentials of copper and zinc. Explain the observation.
34. Statement I Band gap in germanium is small. (1996, 2M
Statement II The energy spread of each germanium atomic
48. Arrange the following as stated :
energy level is infinitesimally small. (2007, 3M)
“Increasing order of ionic size’’ N3– ,Na + , F− , O2 − , Mg 2+
35. Statement I The first ionisation energy of Be is greater than
(1991, 1M)
that of B.
Statement II 2p-orbital is lower in energy than 2s. 49. Explain the following :
(2000, (S), 1M) “The first ionisation energy of carbon atom is greater than
36. Statement I F-atom has a less negative electron affinity than that of boron atom whereas, the reverse is true for the second
Cl-atom. ionisation energy.’’ (1989, 2M)
Statement II Additional electrons are repelled more 50. Arrange the following in the order of their increasing size:
effectively by 3 p-electrons in Cl-atom than by 2 p-electrons in Cl − , S2 − , Ca 2+ , Ar (1986, 1M)
F-atom. (1998, 2M)
51. Arrange the following in order of their
Numerical Answer Type Questions (i) decreasing ionic size Mg 2+ , O2 − , Na + ,F−
37. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd ionisation enthalpies, I1 , I 2 , and I 3 , of (ii) increasing first ionisation energy Mg, Al, Si, Na
four atoms with atomic numbers n , n + 1, n + 2, and n + 3, (iii) increasing bond length F2 , N2 , Cl 2 , O2 (1985, 3M)
where n < 10, are tabulated below. What is the value of n ?
(2020 Adv.)