MODULE NO.

2 It is a welding joint at the junction of two parts located

TEACHING COMMON COMPETENCIES IN approximately at right angles to each other in the form of a T.
INDUSTRIAL ARTS Forms of Tee Joint
1. Title of the Module: Shielded Metal Arc Welding • Plain Tee
2. Overview/Introduction
This chapter explains the different welding equipment, it • Single bevel Tee joint
includes also the steps on how to set-up welding equipment and • Double Bevel Tee joint  Single J-Tee joint
on how to weld carbon steel plates and pipes.
Butt joint
3. Learning Outcome/Objective
A type of joint between two members aligned approximately in
At the end of the chapter, the students’ should be able to:
the same plane.
1. Familiarize welding equipment Types of Butt Joint
2. Familiarize the steps on how to set-up welding equipment • Close Square Butt Joint
3. Familiarize the steps on how to weld carbon steel plates and • Open square Butt Joint  Single V-Butt Joint
pipes. Striking an Arc
4. Learning Content/ Topic The striking of the electrical arc is initiated by briefly
A. Familiarize welding equipment scratching the electrode on the work piece or by tapping. Thus
the welding circuit is short circuited thereby heating up the
B. Set-up welding equipment contact area between electrode and work piece to the necessary
C. Weld carbon steel plates and pipes using SMAW temperature.
Maintaining the arc
To keep the arc alive it has to be maintained. The
5. Teaching and Learning Activities A.
distance between the electrode and work piece has to be kept
Familiarize welding equipment Welding
short
Is a process to join together pieces or parts of some
B. Set-up welding equipment
material by heating them and hammering or using other pressure
Before starting make sure that you are using a good helmet for
to make them fuse, or be joined in this way
SMAW welding as well as protective clothing.
Gas Welding
 Clean the work piece
 is a non-pressure process using heat from a gas flame. The flame
 Clamp the work close to the weld
is applied directly to the metal edges to be joined and
simultaneously to a filler metal in wire or rod form, called the
 Insert the electrode into the insulated holder. Set amperage at
welding rod, which is melted to the joint. levels recommended by the electrode manufacturer.
 Determine the best arc length. As a guideline the arc for a 1/16″
 Gas welding has the advantage of involving equipment that is
to 3/32″ diameter electrode is 1/16″ (1.6mm). The arc lengh for
portable and does not require an electric power source. a 1/8″ and 5/32″ electrode is 1/8″ (3mm).
Arc Welding
 Have a chipping hammer available to remove any slag and
 Arc-welding processes, which become the most important before doing a 2nd pass with the weld.
welding processes, particularly for joining steels, require a Stick Welding Examples
continuous supply of either direct or alternating electrical C. Weld carbon steel plates and pipes using SMAW
current. This current is used to create an electric arc, which Flat position
generates enough heat to melt metal and create a weld.  The easiest type to perform is the flat position, which is also
sometimes called the down-hand position. It involves welding
Welding Safety Precaution on the top side of the joint. In this position, the molten metal is
Accidents or damage happen during welding caused by: drawn downward into the joint. The result is a faster and easier
• Electrical Energy weld.
Horizontal position
• Electrical arc as a source of radiation
• 2G is a groove weld position that involves placing the weld axis
• Electric arc as a source of heat in a horizontal plane or approximately horizontal. As for the
• Gas and fumes face of the weld, it should lie in an approximately vertical plane.
Equipment and Accessories • is a welding positions in which the weld metal is deposited on
Welding Machine the upper side of a horizontal surface and against a vertical
 This is a machine used in welding which is usually powered surface.
by electricity. Vertical position
Safety Apparels
Helmet
• When welding vertically, the force of gravity pushes the molten
It is used to protect head specially the eyes. metal downward and so it has the tendency to pile up. To
Hands are kept free for work. counteract this, you can use either an upward or downhill
Hand shield vertical position.
It is used to protect the face and hand, one hand free for work. • It is a welding position in which the line of welding is in vertical
Goggles with blinkers plane and deposition is made on a vertical surface.
Used by helpers and hoist operator to protect against glaring arc
sparks.
• To control this in the upward vertical position, point the flame
Aprons upward, holding it at a 45-degree angle to the plate. This way,
It is made from leather or asbestos material to protect the the welder will use the metal from the lower parts of the
clothing and body. workpiece to weld against the force of gravity.
Leggings Overhead position
are made from leather to protect the legs and feet. • In the overhead position, the metal deposited to the joint tends to
Gauntlet gloves are made from leather to protect the hands. sag on the plate, resulting in a bead with a higher crown. To
Cushions are made from leather for sitting and kneeling, beside prevent this, keep the molten puddle small.
the work piece. • It is a welding position in which the welding end of the
Types of Joints electrode is pointed upward.
Edge joint It involves welding on the top side of the joint. In
It is not suitable for severe load conditions, should not be used if this position, the molten metal is drawn downward into the joint.
either member is subjected to direct tension or to bending at the The result is a faster and easier weld. In 1G and 1F, the number
root. Very deep penetration is impossible. 1 refers to the flat position, while the letter G stands for a
Lap Joint groove weld and letter F stands for a fillet weld.
It is frequently used on all kinds of work. 1G: the horizontal rolled position. In this position the pipe is
Corner Joint horizontal and it is being rolled so that you, the welder, are
It can only be used on light gauge sheet metal usually under 12 actually in a flat position relative to the pipe. It is the easiest
gauge. Heavier plate can be welded if the load is not severe and pipe welding position.
there is no bending action at the root of the weld.
Tee Joint
 The pipe is rolled horizontally. The weld is made in the
flat position (Approximately 12 o’clock as the pipe is
rolled)

2G: the vertical position. The 2G position is where the pipe

you are welding is vertical and you are welding in the
horizontal.

5G: the horizontal fixed position. 5G is a lot like 1G in that the

pipe is in the horizontal position. The difference is that the pipe
is stationary and not rolling as you weld, which makes it more
challenging.

The pipe is horizontal fixed position  Welding

downward  Welding upward

6G: pipe inclined fixed position. 6G is the most difficult of the

pipe welding positions because the pipe is at a forty five degree
angle and it is not rolling. And therefore you will need to be able
to weld on all four positions to finish the 6G weld.

Definition of Terms
1. Base metal
• the metal that is to be worked or welded.

2. Weld bead
• a deposit of filler metal from a single welding pass .

3. Weld defect
• is an irregularity that spoils the weld appearance or impairs the
effectiveness of the weld or weldment by causing weakness or
failure .

4. Weld line
• the junction of weld metal and the base metal, or the junction of
base metal parts when filler metal is not used.

5. Weldment
• an assembly or structure whose component parts are joined by
welding

6. Welding
• joining two metals by applying heat to melt and fuse them, with
or without filler metal.

7. Welding electrode
• the current-carrying rod used to strike an arc between rod and
metal

8. Welding rod
• filler metal in the form of a rod or heavy wire

Welding torch
• a gas mixing and burning tool for the welding of metal