Sharnbasveshwar Residential Composite P.U. College, Gulbarga.

P.U.C. II Year – Jan – 2023

PHYSICS
SECOND HALF PREPARATORY QUESTION BANK

1. RAY OPTICS
I. THREE MARKS(Q.NO 35 IN ANNUAL EXAM)
1. Explain Cartesian sign convention.
2. Obtain the relation between radius of curvature and focal length.
3. Define critical angle. Write two conditions for total internal reflection.
4. What is total internal reflection? Mention two applications of optical fibers.
5. Mention any three applications of total internal reflection of light
II. FIVE MARKS(Q.NO 42 IN ANNUAL EXAM)
1. Derive an expression for the relation between n u v and R for refraction at a spherical surface.
2. Derive Lens Maker’s formula for convex lens.
3. Derive the expression for equivalent focal length of two lenses kept in contact.
4. Derive the expression for refractive index of the material of a prism in terms of an angleof
prism (A) and angle of minimum deviation (Dm).
5. Draw a neat ray diagram of a simple microscope for image formed at the least distance of
distant vision and write its working principle.

2. WAVE OPTICS
I. TWO MARKS(Q.NO 27 IN ANNUAL EXAM)
1. What is a wave front? Name the type of wave front observed from a distant point source.
2. State Huygen’s principle.
3. What is interference of light? Give an example.
4. What are coherent source of light? Give an example.
5. Write the relation between the path difference and wavelength of light wave used for
constructive and destructive interference.
6. Give the conditions for constructive interference of light in terms of path difference and phase
difference.
7. Give the conditions for destructive interference of light in terms of path difference and phase
difference.
8. Mention the two factors on which fringe width of interference pattern depends.
9. Distinguish between interference and diffraction.
10. Write the condition for secondary maxima in a single slit diffraction of light and explain the
terms.
11. Write the condition for diffraction minima and explain the terms.
12. Write the expression for resolving power of a telescope and explain the terms.
13. Write the expression for limit of resolution of a telescope and explain the terms.
14. Write the expression for resolving power of a microscope and explain the terms.
15. Write the expression for limit of resolution of a microscope and explain the terms.
16. Mention the methods to achieve high resolving power in a microscope.
17. Mention the different methods to producing plane polarized light.
18. Represent unpolarized and plane polarized light diagrammatically.
19. State and explain Brewster’s law.
20. State and explain Malus’s law of polarization.
21. Write the applications of polaroids.
II. NUMERICALS(Q.NO 48 IN ANNUAL EXAM)
1. In a Young’s double slit experiment distance between the slits is 1mm. The fringe with is found to
be 0.6 mm. When the screen is moved through a distance of 0.25 m away from the plane of the slit,
the fringe width becomes 0.75 mm. Find the wavelength of light used.
Ans: 𝝀 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒏𝒎

2. In Young’s double slit experiment, fringes of certain width are produced on the screen kept at a
certain distance from the slits. When the screen is moved away from the slits by 0.1 m, fringe width
increases by 6 𝑋 10−5 m. The separation between the slits is 1 mm. Calculate the wavelength of the
light used. Ans: 𝝀 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑨𝟎
3. A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths 420 nm and 560 nm is used to obtaininterference
fringes in Young’s double slit experiments. The distance between the slits is
0.3 mm and the distance between the slits and the screen is 1.5 m. Compute the least distance of the
point from the central maximum, where the bright fringes due to both the wavelengths coincide. Ans:
𝒙𝒏 = 𝟖. 𝟒 𝐦𝐦.
4. Monochromatic light of wavelength 5000 𝐴0 from a narrow slit is incident on the double slit. If the
separation of 10 fringes on the screen 1 m away is 2 cm, find the slit separation.
Ans: 𝒅 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎
6. In Young’s double slit experiment while using a source of light of wavelength 4500 𝐴0, the fringe
width is 5 mm. If the distance between the screen and the plane of the slits is reduced tohalf, what
should be the wavelength of light to get the fringe width 4 mm?
Ans: 𝝀𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐𝟎 𝒏𝒎
7. In Young’s double slit experiment distance between the slit is 0.5 mm. When the screen iskept
at a distance of 100 cm from the slits, the distance of ninth bright fringe from the centre of the
fringe system is 8.835 mm. Find the wavelength of light used. Ans: 𝝀 = 𝟒𝟗𝟎𝟖 𝑨𝟎
8. Light of wave length 6000 𝐴0 is used to obtain interference fringe of width 6 mm in a Young’s
double slit experiment. Calculate the wave length of light required to obtain fringe of width 4 mm.
When the distance between the screen and the slit is reduce to half of its initial value. Ans: 𝝀𝟐 =
𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒏𝒎
9. Two narrow parallel slits separated by 0.850 mm are illuminated by a light of wavelength 600 nm
and the viewing screen is placed at 2.80 m from the slits. Find (a) the phase difference between the
two interfering waves on the screen at a point 2.50 mm from the central bright fringe and (b) the
ratio of the intensity at this point to the intensity at the centre of a bright fringe.
 I
Ans: Φ = 7.95 rad  0.454
I max
10. In Young’s double slit experiment wave length of light used is 5000𝐴0 and the distance between the
slits is 2 mm, distance of screen from slit is 1 m. Find fringe width and also calculate the distance of
7𝑡ℎ dark fringe from central bright fringe..
Ans: 𝖰 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝑿 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎 𝒙𝒏 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟐𝟓𝑿 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎

11. In Young’s double slit experiment, the distance of the screen from the double-slit is 𝟐 𝒎. When light
of wavelength 𝟓𝟓𝟎 𝒏𝒎 is incident on the double-slit arrangement, fringes of width 𝟐 𝒎𝒎 are
obtained on the screen. Determine the distance of separation between the slits. Also find the fringe
width when the source of light is replaced by a source of light of wavelength 𝟒𝟒𝟎 𝒏𝒎. Ans: 𝑑 = 0.55
𝑚𝑚 𝛽′=1.6 𝑚𝑚

3. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

I. FIVE MARKS(Q.NO 43 IN ANNUAL EXAM)
1. (a) What is meant by electron emission? (1)
(b) Mention three types of electron emission. (3)
(c) Define electron volt. (1)
2. (a) Mention the factors on which the work function of a metal depends. (2)
(b)Explain briefly the Hallwach’s experimental observations on photoelectric effect. (3)
3. (a) Explain briefly the Lenard’s experimental observations on photoelectric effect. (3)
(b) Define the terms: (1) Threshold frequency (2) Stopping potential (1+1)
4. (a) What is photoelectric effect? (1)
(b) Write any three experimental observation of Photoelectric Effect. (3)
(c) What is meant by saturation current? (1)
5. (a) Write the Einstein’s equation of Photoelectric effect and explain the terms. (1+1)
(b) Explain any three experimental observations on the basis of Einstein’s equation ofPhotoelectric
equation. (3)
6. (a) Write any three characteristics of photon. (3)
(b) What are matter waves? (1)
(c) Mention the expression for de-Broglie wavelength of matter wave. (1)

4. ATOMS
I. TWO MARKS(Q.NO 28 IN ANNUAL EXAM)
1. Draw schematic arrangement of Geiger-Marsden experiment.
2. Mention two observations of Geiger-Marsden experiment on scattering of alpha particles.
3. What is impact parameter? What is the angle of scattering when impact parameter is zero?
4. Give the names of first two members of Balmer series.
5. Write the Balmer empirical formula and explain the terms.
6. Define Bohr’s radius and give its value.
7. Write the expression for the Rydberg’s constant and explain the terms.
8. What is line emission spectrum? Give an example.
9. Name the spectral series of hydrogen atom which lies in (i) ultraviolet region and (ii) visible
region.

II. THREE MARKS(Q.NO 36 IN ANNUAL EXAM)

1. Explain briefly the observations of Geiger Marsden’s experiment on scattering of alphaparticle
experiment on scattering of alpha particles by a nucleus.
2. Explain briefly the conclusions of Rutherford alpha particle scattering experiment.
3. Write a note on emission spectra.
4. Write a note on absorption spectra.
5. By assuming Bohr’s postulates derive an expression for the radius of the nth orbit electron
revolving around the nucleus of hydrogen atom.
6. Sketch the energy level diagram for hydrogen atom.
7. Derive an expression for the frequency of radiation emitted by assuming the expression for
energy of an electron of hydrogen atom in a stationary orbit.
8. State Bohr’s postulates of hydrogen atom.
9. Mention the limitations of Bohr’s atom model.
10. Give the de-Broglie’s explanation of Bohr’s second postulate.

5. NUCLEI
I. TWO MARKS(Q.NO 29 IN ANNUAL EXAM)
1. What are isotopes? Give an example.
2. What are isobars? Give an example.
3. What are isotones? Give an example.
4. Define half life of a radioactive element and mention the expression for it.
5. Distinguish between controlled and un controlled nuclear chain reaction.
6. Write any two properties of nuclear forces.
7. Distinguish between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
8. What is radioactivity? Write its SI unit.

II. THREE MARKS(Q.NO 37 IN ANNUAL EXAM)

1. Calculate the binding energy of a nitrogen nucleus 14 𝑁 from
7 the following data: (i) Mass of
proton 1.00783 u, (ii) Mass of neutron 1.00867 u (iii) Mass of nitrogen nucleus 14.00307 u Ans: 𝑬𝒃
= 𝟐𝟖. 𝟐𝟗𝟗 𝑴𝒆𝑽
2. Determine the mass of 𝑁𝑎22 which has an activity of 5𝑚 𝐶𝑖. Half-life of 𝑁𝑎22 is 2.6 year.
Avogadro’s number is = 6.023 𝑋 1023 atoms.
Ans: 𝒎 = 𝟖. 𝟎 𝑿 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝒈
3. The decay constant of Radiun- 226 is 136.86 𝑋 10−13 𝑠−1 Calculate its half-life.
 Ans: 𝑻𝟏 = 𝟓 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝒔𝟐
⁄
4. The decay constant of Radiun- 226 is 136.86 𝑋 10−13 𝑠−1 Calculate its mean-life.
Ans: 𝑟 = 𝟕. 𝟐 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝒔
5. Radioactive sample has a strength of 8 micro curies. If the half life sample is 5days. What willbe
the strength after 15 days? Ans: 𝟏 𝝁𝑪𝒊

6. The activity of a radioactive substance is 4700 per minute. Five minute later the activity is2700
per minute. Find (a) decay constant.
Ans: 𝝀 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆

16
7. Calculate the binding energy of an oxygen nucleus 8 O using the following data. Mass of proton =
1.007825 u Mass of neutron = 1.007665 u Mass of oxygen nucleus = 15.995 u.
Ans: Eb = 127.54 Mev
90
8. The half-life of a radioactive sample 38 Sr is 28 years. Calculate the rate of disintegration of 15 mg of this
isotope. Given Avogadro’s number is = 6.023 X 1023 atoms.
Ans: R = 7.86 X 1010 Bq

9. Half-life of U -238 undergoing  decay is 4.5 𝑋 109 years. What is the activity of 1 g of U -238
sample? Given Avogadro’s number is = 6.023 𝑋 1023 atoms.
Ans: 𝑹 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑𝟓 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟒 Bq

10. Calculate the binding energy of an alpha particle in MeV from the following data. Mass of
Helium nucleus = 4.00260 u, Mass of neutron 1.008662 u, Mass of proton 1.007825 u.
Ans: 𝑬𝒃 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟐𝟗𝟑𝟕 𝑴𝒆𝑽
11. A copper coin has a mass of 63.0 g. Calculate the nuclear energy that would be required to
separate all the neutrons and protons from each other. The coin is entirely made of
atoms. Mass of 63 𝐶𝑢 29atom = 62.92960 u, mass of proton = 1.00727 u, mass of
neutron = 1.00866 u. Given Avogadro’s number is = 6.023 𝑋 1023 atoms.
Ans: 𝑬 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟑 𝑿 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟔 𝑴𝒆𝑽
12. Calculate the binding energy of an alpha () particle in MeV from the following data: Mass
of  particle  4.00260 u, Mass of neutron = 1.008662 u, Mass of proton  1.007825 u.
Ans: 𝑬𝒃 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟐𝟗𝟑𝟕 𝑴𝒆𝑽
13. The half –life of radon is 3.8 days. Find its decay constant.. Ans: 𝝀 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟐 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒂𝒚

6. SEMICONDUCTORS
I. THREE MARKS(Q.NO 38 IN ANNUAL EXAM)
1. On the basics of energy band diagram, distinguish between conductors,
insulators andsemiconductors.
2. Distinguish between extrinsic and intrinsic semiconductors.
3. Discuss the formation of n-type semiconductors.
4. Discuss the formation of p-type semiconductors.
5. Give any three differences between n-type and p-type semiconductors.
6. Distinguish between forward bias and reverse bias.
7. Define the terms: (a) cut in voltage (b) breakdown voltage and (c) reverse saturation current.
8. What is photodiode? Mention any two uses of photodiode.
9. What is light emitting diode? Mention any two applications of LED.
10. Give the circuit symbol of LED. Mention any two advantages of LED’s over
conventionalincandescent lamps.
11. What is solar cell? Mention any two applications of solar cell.
12. Explain how the zener diode is used as a voltage regulator.

II. FIVE MARKS(Q.NO 44 IN ANNUAL EXAM)

1. (a) What is a semiconductor? (1)
(b) Give an example for a semiconductor. (1)
(c)Explain the formation of energy bands in solids. On the basis of energy bands
distinguishbetween a metal, a semiconductor and an insulator. (3)
2. (a) What is an intrinsic semiconductor? (1)
(b) Give an example for intrinsic semiconductor. (1)
(c) Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. (3)
3. (a) What is a p-type semiconductor? (1)
(b) Which type of impurity must be added to make an intrinsic semiconductor in
to a p-type semiconductor? (1)
(c) Explain with a diagram how a p-type semiconductor obtained from an intrinsic
semiconductor. (3)
4. (a) What is a n-type semiconductor? (1)
(b) Which type of impurity must be added to make an intrinsic semiconductor in to
a n-typesemiconductor? (1)
(c) Explain with a diagram how a n-type semiconductor obtained from an intrinsic
semiconductor. (3)
5. (a) Draw the energy band diagram of n-type semiconductor. (1)
(b) Distinguish between n- type and p-type semiconductors. (3)
(c) Give the circuit symbol of a photo diode. (1)
6. (a) What is P N junction diode? (1)
(b) Explain the working of P-N junction diode when it is forward and reverse bias. (3)
(c) Draw V-I characteristics of P-N junction diode. (1)
7. (a) What is rectification? (1)
(b) Draw relevant circuit diagram and wave form of a half wave rectifier. (1+1)
(c) Explain the working of P-N junction diode as a half wave rectifier. (2)
8. (a) What is rectification? (1)
(b) Draw relevant circuit diagram and wave form of a full wave rectifier. (1+1)
(c) Explain the working of P-N junction diode as a full wave rectifier. (2)