Energy Auditing Workshop applying ASHRAE 30/June/2018

Standard

“Energy Auditing Workshop

applying ASHRAE Standard”
Session 1
Saturday 30 June 2018

Prepared & Presented By:

Eng. Sa’ed Essalaimeh, MSc. , CEM, CMVP

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Training Objectives:
• Defining Energy Terms.
• Audit explanation as per ASHRAE standards.
• Importance of Audit.
• Auditing procedure.
• Safety Requirements & OSHA Guidelines..
• Hands-On reporting

Table of Content:
• Session 1:
1. Energy Terms & definitions.
2. ASHREA Overview of Auditing
3. Categories of Improvement
4. Auditing Procedure Safety Requirements.
• Pre-site Analysis / Understanding The site
• OSHA Safety Requirements and site safety policy

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Energy terms & definitions

Energy Management Definition:
Energy Management is the use of engineering and economic principles to control the cost of
energy to provide needed services in industries and different facilities.

Concept of Auditing & definitions

Energy Audit Definition:

Energy auditing and analysis is the process of determining and characterizing the energy utilization
profile of a building –either in design or existing – with the goal of identifying relevant energy
efficiency improvements for the building without negatively affecting the outputs.

These improvements are often referred to as energy efficiency measures (EEMs) and result in:

 Reducing overall energy use,  Reducing operating costs,

 Improving occupant comfort.  Improving facility operation.

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Concept of Auditing & definitions

Why conducting Energy Audit?

 Identify Energy Flow.

 Compare your consumption with benchmark
 Identify saving opportunities.
 Build a financing scheme of facility development.
 Social responsibility towards Environment.

Energy Pyramid
Renewable
Energy
‫الطاقة المتجددة‬

Energy Efficiency
‫كفاءة استخدام الطاقة‬

Energy Saving
‫توفير استهالك الطاقة‬

Energy Conservation
‫حفظ الطاقة‬

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Energy Terms

Energy Term Energy Saving Mechanism Cost Sustainability Example

- Switching lights off.

Community behavior to save - AC set Point.
environment and increase social - AC Filter cleaning.
Energy Conversation (EC) The Lowest High
responsibility for the individual - Using curtains in hot summer.
& Society - Utilizing Sun light instead of artificial.

Individual behavior to increase - Using less number of lamps

Energy Saving (ES) Low Medium
energy efficiency - Driving for shorter distance.

- Thermal Insulation implementation.

- Lighting Retrofitting.
Develop the technology used to - Double Glazing
reduce the amount of - High energy label appliances
Energy Efficiency (EE) High High
consumption without - Building orientation
compromising quality / comfort

- On grid/Off grid PV Systems.

Utilizing energy from a
- Domestic & Process SWH systems
Renewable Energy (RE) renewable source and reducing The highest The Highest
- Wind turbines.

1 fossil fuel dependency

- Biofuel

Energy Audit Defined By ASHRAE

ASHRAE is The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers is a

global professional association seeking to advance heating, ventilation, air conditioning and
refrigeration systems design and construction.

ASHRAE has formalized a set of energy audit definitions that are

widely used by energy auditors:

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Energy Audit Defined By ASHRAE

Level I: Walk-Through Analysis.
This assesses a building’s current energy cost and efficiency by analysing energy bills and briefly
surveying the building.

Level II: Energy Survey and Analysis.

This includes a more detailed building survey and energy analysis

Level III: Detailed Analysis of Capital-Intensive Modifications.

This focuses on potential capital-intensive projects identified during Level II and involves more
detailed field data gathering and engineering analysis.

The defining line between each level is often “grey”. Different clients have different expectations
2 on what level of detail they want within each level.

Overview of ASHRAE Methodology

General suggestions. Motor needs for Fuel Investigate the Motor

Level III:
Level I:

Level II:

Walk around for leaks & Oil. Efficiency and the need
Monitor fuel to be replaced.
Km/L
consumption within a Measurement and
period Computer testing for
Analyze Break pads, Car conditions and
Sparks, Tires and indicators.
propose an offer of Propose a financing for
them replacements
supported by the
results of computer
measurements.

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Overview of ASHRAE Methodology

Level 3 Audit - Detailed Analysis
Level 2 Audit - Energy Survey
Level 1 Audit - Walk-Through of Capital Intensive
and Analysis
Analysis/Preliminary Audit Modifications

- Level of detail adequate to - Next level of energy - Focus on capital intensive

prioritize energy efficiency calculations and financial projects
projects analysis of proposed - Further detail in field analysis
- Rapid assessment of facility measures - Design drawings,
- Typically uncovers major or - 2-3 years of monthly utility specifications to support
“glaring” problem areas analysis, establishing rate decisions
- High level review of utility structure - Calibrated building models
data - Presentation of measures by and calculations to support
- Findings compiled to a report cost and savings, findings
showing low cost/no cost recommendations and
measures, and those which prioritization
should be studied further - M&V support (Measurement
& Verification)

Overview of ASHRAE Methodology

The following table indicates the required tasks variance between different level of ASHRAE
Standards (Ref. ASHRAE Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits-2 Edition)

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Overview of ASHRAE Methodology

Investment Grade Audit :

The projected operating savings from the implementation of energy projects must be developed such
that they provide a high level of confidence. The investment-grade audit expands on the detailed audit
Levels II and III above, and relies on complete engineering studies in order to detail technical and
economic issues necessary to justify the investment related to the transformations. In most cases,
detailed hour-by-hour computer simulation modelling will be required.

The following is the AEE description of the investment grade energy audit:

• This audit includes weighing financial risk into the economic calculations of a type II or III energy audit.
• It will often include computer simulation and enhanced financial analysis tools such as life cycle costing.
Additional requirements may be specified by individual clients.
• This audit can be utilized to obtain funding for the projects identified.

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Overview of ASHRAE Methodology

ASHRAE Documents
• “Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits”
Second Energy, 2011

• Templates Includes:
• ASHRAE Formulas and Unit Conversions (2013-11-12)
• ASHRAE Hourly Simulation Checklist (2013-11-12)
• ASHRAE PCBEA Sample Forms (2013-11-12)
• ASHRAE PEA Template (2013-11-12)
• ASHRAE Sample End-Use Breakdown (2013-11-12)
• EEMs to Consider (2011-09-15)
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Categories of Improvement

• Energy audits identify:

1. Low-Cost/No-cost measures:
those Operational or maintenance adjustments can be implemented with little time and
without the need for in-depth study or design support. They can include simple changes to
the HVAC scheduling or room temperature set points. The payback on these measures is
almost instantaneous. that will save energy

2. Retro-Commissioning Measures are slightly more complicated measures but can often be done
without the need for capital funding. Implementation is generally done by a mix of internal
technical staff (if available) and external service providers.
Examples of ReCx measures include HVAC temperature, pressure, and air flow set point
changes, optimization of HVAC and lighting control strategies, and repair of deficient system
components (often valves and dampers in HVAC systems.) The payback on these measures
generally falls between 6 months and three years.

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Categories of Improvement

3. Capital Measures are traditional EEMs that require a capital investment (and often design)
in order to implement within a building. These measures focus on replacement or upgrade
of older building components and equipment.
Typical EEMs include window replacement, lighting retrofits to LED technology, HVAC
equipment replacement, installation of variable frequency drives (VFDs) for fan and pump
control, and HVAC/lighting control system upgrades. The payback on these measures are
typically longer than ReCx measures, and varies depending on the complexity of the
upgrade.

4. Advanced Measure are usually measures that includes long term projects with the need
of funding or greater investment, typically has 5 years + of ROI. These measures have a
detailed economic analysis and support decision-making for funding.
Example of these measures consist of potential of RE or technology changing
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Auditing Procedure
Regardless of the audit level you choose or the number of facilities you wish to audit, the energy
audit process is generally the same. Phases of the energy audit include:

1. Pre-site Analysis / Understanding The site

2. Site visit Investigation
3. Post-site Analysis.
4. Reporting
Procedure Milestone Activities

1. Pre-site Analysis / • Facility benchmarked against similar • Collect and analyse utility Data.
Understanding The site buildings. • Calculate EUI and compare to similar
• Base energy load identified. facilities.
• Assess energy efficiency improvement
potential
2. Site visit Investigation • Site data collected. • Interview facility staff
• Immediate energy savings opportunities • Visually inspect facility and key systems
identified. • Collect data
• Conduct a meeting to discuss preliminary
findings
3. Post-site Analysis • EEMs prioritized according to project and • Evaluate utility and site data.
financial goals • Analyse energy and cost Savings.
• Savings estimates generated • Develop list of recommended Measures.
• •

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4. Reporting Preparing action plan and financing Summarize findings
mechanism. • Present recommendations
• Conducting a meeting to discuss final
findings

Auditing Procedure
1. Pre-site Analysis / Understanding The site:

This step requires and include the followings:

- Specify the building type and its utilization.

- Collect and analyze Energy and water data.
- Collect previous audits or studies.
- Collecting facility schematic drawings including mechanical, electrical and architectural indicating all buildings
and location.
- Calculating the gross area (i.e square meter/square foot)
- Collect load list and organize them in tables and energy forms.
- Develop a narrative building profile that includes age, occupancy, description, and existing conditions of
architectural, mechanical, and electrical systems with a preliminary end use breakdown.
- Calculate the Energy Use Index (EUI) in Btu/sq ft/year and compare it with EUIs of similar building types.
- Develop Site sketch including floors with focus areas.
- Specify Safety requirements and checklist.

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Auditing Procedure

1. Pre-site Analysis / Understanding The site:

For effective Pre-site Assessment, follow the followings:

a. Have the facility nominate a person with related works on site for data collection and
explanation of clarification required and to be with you during your visit.
b. Collect as much RELAVENT data as possible to better understand the situation.
c. Set the questions or missing items on a log sheet to be discussed and clarified by the facility
manager.

Auditing Procedure
1. Pre-site Analysis / Understanding The site:

Energy Use Index by Building Type:

The EUI is calculated by converting annual consumption of all fuels to Btus then dividing by the gross
square footage of the building. It can be a good indicator of the relative potential for energy savings.
A comparatively low EUI indicates less potential for large energy savings.

Annual Energy Consumed [kBTU]

EUI = ---------------------------------------------
Gross Area [Sqr Foot]

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Auditing Procedure
1. Pre-site Analysis / Understanding The site:

Energy Use Index by Building Type:

Example of your own apartment/house

Fuel Unit Conversion

Factor to kBTU
Electricity kWh 3.412142

Diesel US Gallon 139

Liter 526.172
Propane US Gallon 91.33
Liter 24.2
kg 46.40513

Auditing Procedure
1. Pre-site Analysis / Understanding The site:

EUI

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Auditing Procedure
1. Pre-site Analysis / Understanding The site:

Safety Requirements and site safety policy:

Each site may require a certain safety/personal protective equipment (PPE), therefore, before
conducting the site visit, this should be considered with reference to OSHA’s general PPE
requirements for the construction industry (29 CFR 1926.28) and OSHA’s standard for Assessing the
need of PPE (29 CFR 1910.132):

Q&A

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End of Session 1

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