BA. LL.B.

FIVE YEARS (TEN SEMESTERS)

(Applicable from the academic year 2024-25 onwards)

Ordinance

(General Rules, Examination Regulations and Course of Study

with Amendments)

PREPARED BY:
BOARD OF STUDIES (LAW)

M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly

U.P. - 243006
General Rules for BA. LL.B. (Five Year) {Ten Semesters} Degree Course (Session 2024-
25 and onwards)

WHEREAS it is necessary to adopt and implement the revised curriculum and rules
formulated by the Bar Council of India, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly hereby
adopts BA. LL.B. five Years (Ten Semesters) Degree Course of Study and frames the
following general rules for the implementation from the academic year 2024-25 onwards.

(1) Eligibility for Admission:

i. A candidate will be eligible for admission to BA. LL.B. (five years) course if he/she
has completed intermediate or any other 10+2 course recognized by M.J.P.
Rohilkhand University and has secured not less than 45% marks at an intermediate
level. However, for SC/ST candidates minimum percentage of marks will be 40%.

(2) Admission Procedure:

i. Admission to BA. LL.B. First Semester will be made strictly on the basis of a merit
list prepared according to the percentage of the marks obtained by candidates in the
intermediate or equivalent examination plus considering the reservation and
weightage policy for which the candidate may be entitled as per University Rules. The
percentage will be calculated up to three figures after the decimal point.
ii. Reservation and weightage policy shall be as per the guidelines provided by UP.
Government and adopted by the University accordingly.

(3) Simultaneous registration with Law degree program:

No students shall be allowed to simultaneously register for BA. LLB. (5 years) law degree
program with any other graduate degree program run by M.J.P. Rohilkhand University or any
other University or Institute for academic or professional learning.
However, as per National Education Policy 2020, registration in distance learning programs
certificate courses diploma programs, or any other distance or online course is not prohibited.

(4) Age on admission:

There is no maximum age limit for admission to BA. LL.B. 5-year program.

(5) Attendance:
No student of BA. LL.B. program shall be allowed to take the end semester examination if
the student concerned has not attended a minimum of 75% of the total classes inclusive of the
moot courtroom exercise, tutorials, and practicals conducted in the subject together.
Provided that if a student for any exceptional reasons fails to attend 75% of the classes held
in any subject, the principal of the concerned college/Head of Department may allow the
student to take the examination after approval from the Vice-Chancellor of M.J.P.
Rohilkhand University. Provided he/she should have attended at least 66% of the total classes
held.

(6) Overriding Effect:

The relevant UGC/BCI Rules (as amended from time to time) shall be binding on the
University with respect to law courses.

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(7) Curriculum and Duration of Studies:
i. The five-year degree course in law, namely BA. LL.B. shall be divided into ten
semesters.
ii. The curriculum of studies of the BA. LL.B. (5-year) Degree shall comprise the
courses and course content of each paper of study as set out hereinafter Schedule A.
Provided that the Board of Studies in Law may make such changes in the content of the
course of study as and when it deems necessary and report the matter to the Academic
Council for approval.
iii. The curriculum of study for the BA. LL.B. five-year degree course shall be spread
over five academic years and shall be divided into ten semesters for the examination
purposes called first second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth
semesters. Each academic year shall be divided into two semesters.
iv. For, each semester course, a minimum of 18 weeks and 30 class hours per week,
including tutorials, moot court, seminars, workshops, and special lectures, are
required. Also, the Bar Council of India mandates that there should be at least 24
lecture hours out of 30 class hours per week.

(8) Examination
i. In every Semester in each paper/practical, as the case may be, maximum marks shall
be 100 while minimum pass marks in each paper shall be 40% individually, and in the
overall course of five years, the student will have to score 48% in totality to
successfully pass and complete BA. LL.B. five years program.
ii. A candidate shall be examined in 17 compulsory first-degree papers (which shall
include one major subject consisting of six papers and English consisting of two
papers and three minor subjects of humanities consisting of three papers each and 23
compulsory law papers, four compulsory practical papers, and six optional theory
papers from first to tenth semester carrying 70 marks for each paper through written
examination conducted by the University and 30 marks in each paper shall be of
tutorial/ written assignments.
iii. A candidate shall be examined for tutorial/ written assignments by two examiners, of
which one shall be internal and one external. External examiner shall be appointed
batch-wise by the university, for all the papers, for each semester recommended by
the Board of Studies. The internal examiner of each paper shall examine the
concerned paper for tutorial/ written assignments with the same External examiner in
a particular batch.
iv. The provision of a Tutorial of 30 marks in each paper is maintained as per the
guidelines of the Bar Council. The marks of the Tutorial shall be awarded by a
committee of 2 teachers including the concerned subject teacher and one external
examiner (as appointed under 8(iii)). The total marks awarded will be rectified by the
principal of the concerned college/Head of Department.
v. Out of the prescribed 30 marks for the Tutorials, 10 marks shall be awarded based on
written assignments, 10 marks for class presentations, and 10 marks for internal
examination tests.
vi. The four compulsory practical Papers as prescribed in VII, VIII, IX, and X semesters
carrying 100 marks shall be examined as prescribed in the contents of the papers by
two examiners, of which one shall be internal and one external appointed by the
recommendation of Board of Studies.
vii. Division shall be awarded on the combined result of examinations of all the
semesters. Those of the successful candidates who obtain 48% and upwards and
below 60% of the total marks obtainable shall be placed in the SECOND DIVISION

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 and those of the successful candidates who obtain 60% and upwards of the total marks
obtainable shall be placed in the FIRST DIVISION.
viii. Grace Marks: A candidate may be given five marks as grace marks in individual
papers or aggregate, as the case may be if these grace marks enable him to pass the
examination of that Semester.

(9) Rules of Promotion:

i. No student shall be promoted to the next semester if he/she has been detained in the
examination for shortage of attendance.
ii. All candidates who have had the minimum required percentage of attendance in the
First Semester, filled up the examination form, and appeared in the first-semester
examination will be promoted to the Second Semester. There is no bar to promote the
student to the next semester if he /she has not secured a minimum of 40% marks
required individually in each subject. The same rules of promotion will apply to the
examinees of the third to fourth semester, fifth to sixth, seventh to eighth, and ninth to
tenth semesters as well.

(10) Back Paper

i. Students will be allowed to appear in only two papers in each semester as back papers
in the next forthcoming semester examinations.
ii. The back paper facility to reappear in a semester examination of any two papers shall
be available, only till the completion of ten semesters, to a candidate who failed
individual papers in the semester examination.

(11) Ex-student
i. If a student has been admitted but could not appear in examinations due to exceptional
reasons (reasonable grounds to be proved), he may continue as an ex-student in the
program. However, students will have to complete their BA. LL.B. five-year program
in a maximum of ten years.
ii. A candidate who fails to obtain a minimum of 48% marks in aggregate in the entire
BA. LL.B. course of five years shall be allowed to appear as an ex-student in the
concerned papers.
iii. A candidate who has failed in the examination but is eligible for back paper facility
may also be allowed to appear in the examination as an ex-student; however, if he
wants to appear as an ex-student or otherwise appears as an ex-student in the
examinations, he shall not be granted promotion to the next Semester.
iv. A candidate shall be allowed to appear as an ex-student/back paper for not more than
three attempts in that paper subject to the condition that he will have to clear the BA.
LL.B. in a maximum of Ten Years. If he/she fails to pass the examination during this
period, he/she will be deemed to have abandoned the course and shall not be
readmitted.

(12) Readmission
i. There shall be no readmission in the first, third, fifth, seventh, and ninth semesters.
ii. A student, who has failed an examination or failed to appear in the examination and
who is otherwise eligible to appear in the examination as an ex-student shall not be
readmitted as a regular student.

(13) Improvement
No improvement is allowed in any semester at any level.

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(14) Left out Practical
If a candidate drops his/her practical exam of any semester, he may appear in left out
practical exam within ten years of the period from the admission date.

(15) Introduction to CBCS System

In BA. LL.B. (5 years) course, CBCS system is introduced from session 2024-2025. The
course will be evaluated following the grading system as it provides uniformity in the
evaluation and computation of Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) based on students’
performance in examinations which enables the students to move across institutions of higher
learning. The uniformity in the evaluation system also enables potential employers to assess
the performance of the candidates.
The BA. LL.B. Programme is a 5 years course divided into ten semesters. A student has to
complete 200 credits under CGPA evaluation system for the completion of the course and
award of the degree. The scheme is as follows-

Year Semester Semester Total credits

Part I First Year Semester 1 Semester 2 40 credits
(20 credits) (20 credits)
Part II Second Year Semester 3 Semester 4 40 credits
(20 credits) (20 credits)
Part III Third Year Semester 5 Semester 6 40 credits
(20 credits) (20 credits)
Part IV Fourth Year Semester 7 Semester 8 40 credits
(20 credits) (20 credits)
Part V Fifth Year Semester 9 Semester 10 40 credits
(20 credits) (20 credits)
Complete course: 200 credits

(16) Programme Objectives (POS):

The BA. LL.B. (5 Years) Programme is aimed at:

1. Familiarize students with laws and judicial interpretations at the national and
international levels and provide a comparative study of contemporary and traditional
laws and judicial interpretations;

2. Apprising students of the legal system, rule of law, and administration of justice,
while promoting specialized branches of study and research in diverse fields of law;

3. Imparting interdisciplinary approaches to law and legal development by involving

philosophy, economics and scientific approaches towards law study and research;

4. Imparting professionally and socially relevant legal education;

5. Sensitizing students towards the issues of access to justice for the deprived
marginalized and weaker sections of society;

6. Producing internationally competent litigating lawyers, corporate lawyers, judges,

judicial officers, legal officers, researchers, law reformers, law teachers, etc;

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 7. Imparting skills in legal reasoning, problem-solving, research, legal writing, oral and
written communication, persuasion, leadership, and teamwork;

8. Promoting ethical practices in the profession of law;

9. Promoting an interdisciplinary approach to the legal profession.

(17) Programme Specific Outcomes (PSOS):

At the end of the BA. LL.B. (5 Years) Programme, the students will be able to:

1. Study and explore law in an interdisciplinary and comparative manner;

2. Do legal research and explore the origin, development, and prospect of law/laws both
in National and International Law;

3. Understand, interpret, and apply law;

4. Evaluate and compare domestic and international laws;

5. Design, and formulate case theory and strategy;

6. Analyze and differentiate facts and laws;

7. Solve problems by employing legal reasoning, and research. Choose ethical practices
in the profession of law and discharge their social responsibility.

BA. LL.B. (FIVE YEARS) DEGREE COURSE, 2024-25

First Semester Credit Nature
General English I 04 Core
Economics I 04 Core
Political Science I 04 Core
History I 04 Core
Law of Contract 04 Core
Second Semester Credit Nature
General English II 04 Core
Economics II 04 Core
Political Science II 04 Core
History II 04 Core
Constitutional Law I 04 Core
Third Semester Credit Nature
History III 04 Core
Political Science III 04 Core

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Sociology I 04 Core
Specific Contracts 04 Core
Constitutional Law II 04 Core
Fourth Semester Credit Nature
Economics III 04 Core
History IV 04 Core
Sociology II 04 Core
Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 04 Core
Law of Torts 04 Core
Fifth Semester Credit Nature
History V 04 Core
Sociology III 04 Core
Hindu Law 04 Core
Administrative Law 04 Core
Environmental Law 04 Core
Sixth Semester Credit Nature
Forensic Science and Law 04 Core
History VI 04 Core
Muslim Law 04 Core
Company Law 04 Core
Property Law 04 Core
Seventh Semester Credit Nature
Competition Law 04 Core
Labour Law I 04 Core
Public International Law 04 Core
Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 04 Core
Professional Ethics & Professional Accounting 04 Core
System
Eighth Semester Credit Nature
Legal Professional Communication Skills 04 Core
Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita 04 Core
Civil Procedure Code and Limitation Act 04 Core
Labour Law II 04 Core
Alternate Dispute Resolution 04 Core
Ninth Semester Credit Nature
Jurisprudence 04 Core
Optional Paper I 04 Core
Optional Paper II 04 Core
Optional Paper III 04 Core
Drafting, Pleading, and Conveyancing 04 Core
Tenth Semester Credit Nature
Principles of Taxation Law 04 Core
Optional Paper IV 04 Core
Optional Paper V 04 Core
Optional Paper VI 04 Core
Moot Court Exercise and Internship 04 Core

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(18) Grade Points:
For each course, each student has to appear in an internal assessment and semester
examination otherwise, the student will be awarded an AB grade. The total marks obtained in
the end semester examination and internal assessment; the continuous evaluation will be
considered to decide the grade in that course.
The grading will be made on a 10-point scale as follows:

Letter Grade Grade point Description Range of Marks

O 10 Outstanding 95% or above
A+ 09 Excellent 85 – 94%
A 08 Very Good 75 – 84%
B+ 07 Good 65 – 74%
B 06 Above Average 55 – 64%
C 05 Average 45 – 54%
P 04 Pass 40 - 44%
F 00 Fail Below 40%
AB 00 Absent Absent

(19) Conversion of marks into grades:

 Grade Points: Grade point table as per university examination rule.

 SGPA (Semester Grade Point Average): Calculation as per University Examination
rule.
 YGPA (Year Grade Point Average): Calculation as per University Examination rule.
 CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average): Calculation as per University Examination
rule
 Grade Point conversion into Marks: Calculation as per university rule.

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SCHEDULE A.
Courses and Course Component for BA. LL.B. (Five Years)
A student of BA. LL.B. has to take not less than Thirty law papers in all which will include
Twenty-Three compulsory papers, Four compulsory practical papers, and six optional papers.
Besides these thirty-three Law papers a student has to study seventeen papers from B.A.
Course. This will include one major subject consisting of six papers, English consisting of
two papers and three minor subjects of humanities consisting of three papers each.

Semester Wise Component is as under:

I. Semester 4 (First Degree Paper +1 Law Paper
II. Semester 4 Do +1 Do
III. Semester 3 Do +2 Do
IV. Semester 3 Do +2 Do
V. Semester 2 Do +3 Do
VI. Semester 2 Do +3 Do
VII. Semester 1 Do +4 Do
VIII. Semester 1 Do +4 Do
IX. Semester - Do 5 Do
X. Semester - Do 5 Do
Total 20 30

Thus, a student of B.A. LL. B has to study 17 liberal discipline (B.A) papers and 33 Law
papers. In all, a student of B.A.LL. B has to study 50 papers.
Subjects of liberal discipline (B.A.) are as under:

1. History 06 Papers
2. General English 02 papers

3. Political Science 03 Papers

4. Sociology 03 Papers
5. Economics 03 Papers

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 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (First Year) I Semester
Paper I
General English I
Unit 1 Grammar and Use Credit- 04
Simple sentences (one clause) their phrase structure)
Tense and concord.
Noun modifiers (determiner, prepositional phrases, clauses)
Basic transformations
Passives
Negatives
Questions

Unit 2 Complex and compound sentences (use of connectives)

Conditionals.
Reporter speech.
Question tags and short responses.
Some common errors.
Vocabulary (Communication Skills).
Legal terms (relevant to the subject paper of an L.L. B. Student)
Use of legal terms and idiomatic expressions
.
Unit 3 Comprehension Skills
Reading comprehension (Principle and Practice)
Listening Comprehension

Unit 4 Comprehension Skills

Paragraph Writing
Formal Correspondence
Note-taking
Translation from regional language into English and vice versa.

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 BA.LL.B. Five Years Course (First Year) I Semester
Paper II
Economics I

Unit 1 Credit- 04
Nature and Significance of Economics
Micro and Macro Economics, Positive and Normative Economics Economic Theory of
Democracy
Economics and Law
Basic Concepts: Equilibrium, Marginal Utility, Opportunity Cost, Black Money, Price, Direct
and Indirect Taxes

Unit 2
Concept of Demand and Supply
Law of Demand and Supply
Elasticity of demand and its application
Law of diminishing marginal utility and equi-marginal utility, Indifference curve Analysis
Assumptions and Consumer’s Equilibrium, Consumer’s Surplus and its management.

Unit 3
Market Structure
Classification of Markets
Revenue and Cost curves.
Price and output under perfect competition and Monopoly.
Cartels and Dumping
Anti-monopoly laws

Unit 4
Theory of Wages
Exploitation of Labor
Rent: Ricardian and Modern Theories
Land Reforms
Interest: Liquidity Preference Theory
Risk and uncertainty Theories of profit

Prescribed Books:
1. Amos Witztum, Economics, An Analytical Introduction, Oxford University Press
2. Alfred W. Stonier &Doughlas C. Hague, A Text Book of Economic Theory
3. Lipsey, Principles of Positive Economics
4. P. A. Samuelson and Nordhaus, Economics

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 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (First Year) I Semester
Paper III
Political Science I

Unit 1 Credit- 04
Definition, nature, and scope of political science with reference to traditional behavioral and
post-behavioral development

Unit 2
Theories of the origin of the state (Social control, Historical, Evaluation, and Marxist).
Theories of the function of state (Liberal, Welfare Socialist)

Unit 3
Sovereignty: Evolution of concept: essential attributes au theory pluralist criticism, power
authority, and influences.

Unit 4
Rights and political obligations include liberty, equality, law, justice, and punishment.
(v) Democracy, dictatorship, falsest, totalitarianism, socializing revolution

Prescribed Books:
1. Eddy Asirvatham & K.K. Misra, Political Theory
2. A.C. Kapur, Principles of Political Science
3. Myneni, Political Science for Law students

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 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (First Year) I Semester
Paper IV
History I
Unit 1 Credit- 04
Harappan Civilization – Origin, extent, urban planning, Urban decline, and late Harappan
Cultures political and economic organization economic pattern in non-Harappan India.
Society, Culture, and religion as reflected in Vedic literature.
Social Development Verna, Jati and occupational categories, marriage, and property
relations.
Rise of New religious relations movements in North India. Doctrines and social dimensions,
early Buddhism and Jainism.
Rise to Territorial States. The Mauryan Empire, Ashoka’s dhamma- its nature and
propagation, Mauryan state administration & economy.
Post Mauryan Social and cultural development with special reference to the Kushanans and
satvahanas.

Unit 2
Development in the Gupta and post-Gupta time (up to 1200 A.D.). administration of agrarian
and revenue systems.
(i) North Society, Art, architecture, literature, philosophy, science, and technology.
(ii) North India Gurjara, Pratiharas, Palas and Rashitra Kules and Vardhan.
(iii)Invasions of the Arabs, Ghaznavi, and Ghodis and their impact

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 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (First Year) I Semester
Paper V
Law of Contract

Unit 1- Meaning and Nature of Contract, E- contract Credit- 04

Offer/ Proposal: Definition, Communication, Revocation, General/Specific offer,
Acceptance: Definition, Communication, Revocation, Provisional acceptance,
Tenders/Auctions
Unit 2- Consideration: Definition, Essentials, Privity of Contract, Exception under Section
25, Capacity to enter into a contract; Minor’s Position, Nature/effect of minor’s agreements
Unit 3- Free Consent
Coercion, Undue influence, Misrepresentation, Fraud, Mistake
Unlawful consideration and object
Effect of void, voidable, valid, illegal, unlawful and uncertain agreements/contracts
Discharge of Contracts
Performance
Time and Place of performance
Agreement, Contract Deed
Impossibility of performance and frustration
Breach: Anticipatory & Present
Unit 4- Remedies: Damages, Kind of damages, Remoteness of damages etc., Injunction,
Specific Performance, Quantum Meriut
Quasi Contract (Section 68-72)
Prescribed Legislations:
1.'The Indian Contract Act, 1872
2. The Specific Relief Act, 1963
Prescribed Books:
• Law Of Contract & Specific Relief Act, Avtar Singh
• Samvida Vidhi, Avtar Singh
• Samvida Vidhi K Sidhhant, Avtar Singh
• Samvida- Kailash Rai
• Law Of Contract-I, S.K. Kapoor
• Law Of Contract & Specific Relief Act, Pollok & Mulla
J, Beatson, Anson's Law of Contract (28th ed., 2002)
• H.K. Saharay, Dutt on Contract, The Indian Contract Act, 1872 (10th ed.,2006)

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Second Semester
Papers
1. General English II
2. Economics II
3. Political Science II
4. History II
5. Constitutional Law of India I

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (First Year) II Semester

Paper I
General English II

A.– Vocabulary Credit- 04

1. Foreign words and phrases (Important Latin and English affixes)
2. Certain set expressions and phrases
3. One-word substitution
4. Words often confused
B– Comprehension Skills
1. Common Logical fallacies
2. Comprehension of legal lexis
C– Composition Skills
1. Use of cohesive devices (Legal drafting)
2. Pries-Writing, summarizing, and briefing
3. Brief writing and drafting of reports.
4. Essay writing on topics of legal interest.
5. Varieties of sentence structure and verb patterns.
6. Translation (From English to regional languages to English).
D– Applied Grammar.
The use of articles, nouns, pronouns, adjective, adverb, verbs and their tenses,
propositions, and conjunctions.

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 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (First Year) II Semester
Paper II
Economics II

Unit 1 Indian economy: Nature and problems Credit- 04

1. Evolution of Indian economy since independence, Structure and features of India
Economy.
2. Agriculture: Growth and productivity, trend in Indian agriculture, irrigation, and
agriculture inputs, Institutional aspects – Land reform agriculture, finance, and credit
marketing.
3. Price policies, public distribution system, green revolution, and technological changes.
4. Employment and poverty in the rural sector, Food problems, and food security-
Employment generating and poverty alleviation programs.
5. National Income of India: National Income estimation in India, trends in National Income
Growth and structure.

Unit 2 Development and Economic Growth:

1. Economic growth and development – Factors affecting economic growth
2. Economic planning in India: A brief review of planning in India, objectives, priorities
strategies, Plan performance, and the problem of unemployment and poverty in India.
3. Techniques of Monetary Management
4. Fiscal Policy for Equitable Growth
5. Union Budget: Structure and Measures of Fiscal Imbalances.
6. Globalization: Policy Perspectives and Implications.

Unit 3 Money, Banking, and Employment

1. Concept and Measures of Money Supply Inflationary Dynamics
2. Functions of Banks: RBI, Commercial Banks, and Other Financial Institutions.
3. Money Market and Capital Market
4. Basic Concepts of Natural Income: GNP, NNP and GDP
5. Say’s Law of Market
6. Income and Employment Determination: Keynesian Framework

Unit 4 International Trade

1. International Trade: Rationale and Gains
2. Free trade versus protection
3. Balance of Payments: Theory and Policy
4. International Institutions-IMF, WTO, and World Bank
5. Foreign Exchange Management
6. International Trade Laws

Prescribed books:
1) Kishore G. Kulkarni, Modern Monetary Theory.
2) H.L. Bhatia, Public Finance
3) Uma Kapila, Indian Economic Development
4) R. Dutt and Sunderam, Indian Economy, (S. Chand and co.)

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 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (First Year) II Semester
Paper III
Political Science II

Unit 1 Ancient Greek Political Concept Credit- 04

Plato: Justice and Ideal State
Aristotle: State, Classification of Government and Citizenship
Cicero: Concept of Law

Unit 2 Monarchy, Democracy & Sovereignty

Contractualists
Thomas Hobbes: Concept of Absolute Monarchy John Lock: Concept of Liberal Democracy
J.J. Rousseau: Concept of Popular Sovereignty

Unit 3 State, Liberty & Law

Machiavelli: State craft
J.S.Mill: Concept of Liberty
Carl Marx: Class struggle and views on State and Law

Unit 4 Indian Political Concept

Manu: Raj, Dharma
Kautilya: Saptang and State Craft
Gandhi: Ideal State
Prescribed Books:
1. Sabine, History of Political Theory
2. Sukhvir Singh, Western Political Thought
3. Barker, Greek Philosophy
4. V.P. Verma, Indian Political Thinkers
5. Prabhu Dutt Sharma, Pashchatya Rajneetik Vicharon Ka Itihass

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 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (First Year) II Semester
Paper IV
History II

Unit 1 History of India (from AD 1206 to 1707) Credit- 04

1. Early medical period (AD 1206 to 1707)
2. Foundation and consolidation of the sultanate, causes of the success of Turks, Himish,
Razia, Balban, the Mongols, and the Sultanate.
3. Expansion
4. Khiljis: Conquests, administrative and economic reforms.
5. Tughlaqs: Mohammad bin Tughlaq & Firoz Shah Tughlaq
6. Fragmentation of sultanate and rule of provincial kingdoms
7. State and society: Political and administrative institutions and ruling classes.
8. Religion and culture: Bhakti & Sufi movements.

Unit 2 Later Medieval Period (A.D. 1526-1707)

1. Establishment of the Mughal empire
2. Expansion & growth of Mughal Empire 1707.
3. Mughal administration and administrative structure, land revenue system, Mansabdari
and Jagirdari.
4. Relation of Mughals with Rajputs & Marathas
5. Religion & Culture religion policies of Akber & Aurangzeb.
6. Decline & disintegration of the Mughal empire.
7. Policy of Mughals towards persons and Central Asia

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 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (First Year) II Semester
Paper V
Constitutional Law I

Unit 1 Credit- 04
Characteristics of the Indian Constitution
Special Emphasis shall be placed on (A) Federal Structure and (B) Form of Government. (C)
Preamble and Basic Features of Indian Constitutions.
Provisions concerning Citizenship

Unit 2
Union Parliament: Organization, Procedure regarding Enactment of Legislation,
Parliamentary Privileges.
Union Executive: The President, his Powers and Position including Ordinance Making
Power.
Prime Minister and the Cabinet
Union Judiciary: Supreme Court of India - Composition, Powers and Jurisdiction

Unit 3
Distribution of Legislative Powers between the Union and the States
Territorial and Topical Distribution of Powers
Power of Parliament to Legislate on State Matters
Doctrines: Doctrine of Territorial Nexus, Doctrine of Pith and Substance, and Doctrine of
Colorable Legislation

Unit 4
Emergency Provisions, Amendment of Constitution, Doctrine of Basic Structure, Contractual
and Tortious liability of State, and Freedom of Interstate Trade & Commerce

Unit 5
Election Commission, Finance Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, Attorney
General of India, Public Service Commission, National Commission for SC and ST,
InterState River Dispute Resolution Tribunals, Central and State Service Tribunals.

Prescribed Books:
1. D. D. Basu, Shorter Constitution of India, Lexis Nexis
2. H. M. Seervai, Constitution of India, Universal Law Publishing Company
3. V. N. Shukla, Constitution of India, Eastern Book Co. Lko.
4. M.P. Jain, Constitution of India, Lexis Nexis
5. Granville Austin, The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of A Nation, Oxford University
Press
6. B. Shiva Rao, The Framing of India’s Constitution

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LL.B. Third Semester Paper
Paper-I: History III
Paper-II: Political Science-III
Paper-III: Sociology-I
Paper-IV: Specific Contracts
Paper V: Constitutional Law-II

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Second Year) III Semester

Paper I
History-III

(MODERN INDIAN HISTORY) Credit- 04

Unit 1- Problem of Indian Society during 19th/20th century, Renaissance, Cultural, Social
and Political.

Unit 2- Uprising 1857, Social & religious movements, Arya Samaj, Brahma Samaj,
Theosophical Society, Ram Krishna Mission.

Unit 3- Emergence of Nationalism & Congress Moderates, Extremists Revolutionaries in

India & abroad; Movement of 1920, 1930 1942 by M.K. Gandhi.

Unit 4- Personalities of a national movement – Tilak Gokhale, M.K. Gandhi, Subhash,

Nehru, Dr. Ambedkar Jyotiba Phule

Unit 5- Problems of Indian Society Regionalism, Casteism, Terrorism, Fundamentalism

20
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Second Year) III Semester
Paper II
Political Science III

Unit 1 Political Thinker and Indian National Movement Credit- 04

(a) Political Thinkers- Plato, Manu Aristotle, Kautilya
Hobbe, Locke, Rousseau, Montesquieu Hegal Marx, Gandhi.
(b) Indian National Movement

Unit 2 Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Swadeshi, Movement: Gandhi’s
activities – non-co-operation movement, civil disobedience movement, Quit India movement.
Unit 4 Constitutional development: Govt. of India Act, 1858; Indian Council Act. 1861:
Indian Council Act 1892.
Morley – Minto reforms 1909; Montague Chelmsford Report; The Govt. of India Act 1919:
Govt. of India Act. 1935.

21
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Second Year) III Semester
Paper III
Sociology I

Unit 1 Basic Concept Credit- 04

Sociology, Meaning, scope, and subject matter. Society, community, and Association
Institutes.
More Social Groups: Meaning and classification of social groups, Family, Tradition and
modern.

Unit 2 Pioneers of Social Thought

Auguste Comte: Law of three stages, Positivism and religion of humanity Emile Durkheim:
Social solidarity, The theory of division of labor, theory of religions and suicide.
Karl Marx: Maximum Concept of Social change, Class struggle, Division of labor
Maxwebar: Sociology of religion, The Concept of authority and the concept of social action.

Unit 3 Social Change and Social Control

Social Change, meaning, factors, Distinction between social and cultural change Social
control, Meaning and importance of social control, Means of Social control, Public.
Opinion and propaganda, renowned and punishment, Agencies of Social Control
Religion, family, and State.

Unit 4 The Sociology of Profession

Profession and professionalisms, Distinction between profession and Occupation society and
professional Ethics, Sociology of Law, and Relationship between Law and Society.

22
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Second Year) III Semester
Paper IV
Specific Contracts

Unit 1 Indemnity and Guarantee (Sec. 124-147) Credit- 04

(i) Nature and Definition of Contract of Indemnity: Extent of Indemnifier's Liability.
(ii) Nature and Definition of Contract of Guarantee, Rights, Liabilities and Discharge of
Surety.

Unit 2 Bailment and Pledge (Sec. 148-171 and Sec. 172-181)

Meaning and Definition of Contract of Bailment and Difference between Bailment and
Pledge
Rights, and Duties of Bailor and Bailee, Pawnor/Pawnee
Lien
Termination of Bailment
Commercial utility of pledge transactions

Unit 3 Contract of Agency (Sec. 182 to 238)

Nature and Mode of Contract of Agency
Modes of Termination of Agency
Rights and Duties of Principal and Agent
Rights and Liabilities of Undisclosed Principal
Personal Liability of an Agent

Unit 4 Contract of Partnership

Nature and Definition of Contract of Partnership
Non-Partnership Interests
Formation of Partnership and Partner by Holding Out
Minor and Partnership Firm
Registration of Firms and Effects of Non-Registration
Dissolution of Firms
Limited Liability Partnership Act

Unit 5 Contract of Sale of Goods

Nature and Definition of Contract of Sale of Goods
Conditions and Warranties
Rule of Caveat Emptor
Nemo dat quad non habet
Definition and Rights of an Unpaid Seller

Prescribed Legislations:
1. The Indian Partnership Act, 1932
2. The Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 (6 of 2009)
3. The Indian Contract Act, 1872
4. The Sale of Goods Act, 1930

Prescribed Books:
1. Sanjiv Agarwal and Rohini Agarwal, Limited Liability Partnership: Law and Practice
2. G.C. Bharuka, The Indian Partnership Act
3. Avtar Singh, Law of Partnership

23
4. V.P. Verma (Rev.), S. D. Singh and J.P. Gupta, Law of Partnership in India
5. R.G. Padia (ed.), Pollock & Mulla, Indian Contract and Specific Relief Acts
6. K. Ramamoorthy, Pollock & Mulla The Sale of Goods Act
7. V. Krishnamachari and Surender K. Gogia, T.S. Venkatesa lyer's Sale of Goods Act

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Second Year) III Semester

Paper V
Constitutional Law II

Unit 1 Credit- 04
a) Fundamental Rights - General: Scheme of Fundamental Rights,
b) Who can Claim Fundamental Rights: Against whom Fundamental Rights are Available?
Suspension of Fundamental Rights.
c) State under Article 12
d) Doctrines: Severability, Eclipse, Waiver
Unit (2)
Fundamental Rights - Specific: Special Emphasis shall be placed on the Following Rights
Right to Equality (Articles 14 to 18), Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression (Article
19(1)(a)), Right to Life and Personal Liberty (Article 21), Right to Freedom of Religion
(Articles 25 to 28), Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32), Right to Education: Free
education up to 14 years of age- Right to Education Act, 2009
Unit (3)
Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV): Their Importance and Relationship with
Fundamental Rights.
Fundamental Duties (Part IV A)
Unit 4
Amendment of the Constitution- Power and Procedure;
Basic Structure Doctrine
Judicial Review
Unit 5
Other Principles:
Constitutionalism
Constitutional Morality
Social Justice
Doctrine of Rule of Law
Public Interest Litigation
Free Legal Aid.
Prescribed Books:
Same as Semester II

24
LL.B. Fourth Semester
Paper-I: Economics III
Paper-II: History IV
Paper-III: Sociology-II
Paper-IV: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Paper-V: Law of Tort Including MV Accident and Consumer
Protection Laws.

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Second Year) IV Semester

Paper I
Economics III

PUBLIC FINANCE
Unit I - Public Finance
i. Nature, Rationale and scope. Normative approach and theory of fiscal politics.
ii. Public Goods, Private Goods and Merit Goods.
iii. Public Expenditure: Growth, Composition, Trends and Effects.

Unit -II – Indian Public Finance

i. Major trends in Revenue and Expenditure of the Government of India.
ii. Management of Public Debt: Principles, Problems and Effects
iii. Redemption of Public Debt.

Unit-III -Taxation
i. Concept of Tax: Direct and GST
ii. Objectives, Structure and Effects
iii. Benefit and ability to pay, Principle of Taxation: Incidence, Impact and Shifting of Taxation.

Unit-IV – Fiscal Federalism in India

i. Concept of Fiscal Federalism
ii. Centralisation of Fiscal Federalism: Challenges
iii. Financial Relations; Finance Commissions.

Books:
1) J.V.M. Sarma, Public Finance: Principles & Practices (Oxford University Press, 2018)
2) M. Govind Rao, Studies in India Public Finance (Oxford University Press)
3) H.L. Bhatia, Public Finance (Ed. 29, 2018)
4) Dr. D. Bose & et Al. An Introduction to Public Finance (Fiscal Economics) (S Chand &
Company, 2016).

25
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Second Year) IV Semester
Paper II
History IV
History of the Modern World Credit- 04
1. Introduction – Europe the state of rising power – rise of power of Parliament in
Britain Development of early science and industrialization – rising dominance of
people-centric philosophy of political power – sense of being European

2. Renaissance and Reformation in Europe from 1450 to 1670

3. From the Magna Carta to the Bill of Rights, the history of domination of the British
Parliament

4. Early history of Industrialization in Europe History of French Revolution – Fall of

monarchy and rise of dictatorship – Napoleon Empire.
5. The Continent in Turmoil (1770 to 1815) – The enlightenment – the starvation
transformation.
6. The American War of Independence to civil War.
7. The era of revolutions in Europe – Liberalism, western economic expansion –
national revolutions democracy and socialism.
8. History of Soviet Revolution and aftermath, History of World Wars.

26
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Second Year) IV Semester
Paper III
Sociology II

Unit 1 Development of Indian Society Credit- 04

Development from Vedic to post Vedic Society, Indian traditional order, Ashram and Varna
System, Sanskars, Indian Culture Values and their importance.

Unit 2 Composition of Indian Society

Rural and Urban Society, Meaning and their characteristics, Rural Urban Linkage,
Geographical determination, Social stratification and its traditional basis, Joint family:
meaning, characteristics, merits and demerits, Caste: meaning, characteristic, merits and
demerits and recent changes in the Caste System, Caste and Class in India.

Unit 3 Weaker Section of Society in India

Schedule Caste, Minorities, Tribe: Meaning, features, Problem and their Classification, Other
Backward Class.

Unit 4 Trends of Social Change in India

A shift from Tradition to Modernity. Process of Westernization, Modernization,
Globalization, Sanskritization, Liberalization, National building and women empowerment.

27
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Second Year) IV Semester
Paper IV
Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita

Course Outcome Credit- 04

1. To expose the students to certain new offenses organized as well as petty organized crimes
and to keep them updated about the recent developments under the BNS, 2023 with respect to
the ease that the legislation has provided under the provision of filing E-FIR

2. To keep students abreast of the latest legislative and judicial developments and changes in
the field of criminal law

Learning Outcome
• The students should be able to identify the concept of criminal liability as distinguished
from civil liability.
•To identify the elements of crime in the given factual situations entailing culpability.
•The students should be able to make out the minute differences between the old code i.e.,
The Indian Penal Code, 1860, and the recent Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita,2023.

Unit 1
Principle of Mens rea & Actus reus
Crime: Meaning, Concept, Elements, Importance
Stages of Crime and Theories of Commission of Crime
Definition Clause (Section 2)
Organised Crime (Section 111)
Petty Organised Crime (Sec 112)
Crime of Terrorism and Terrorist Act (Sec 113)
Punishment- Definition, Kinds, Theories
Unit 2
General Exceptions: Mistake of Fact and Mistake of Law, Superior Order, Action in
pursuance of a legal obligation, Accident, Young age, Unsoundness of mind, Intoxication
(Voluntary and involuntary), Misconception of Fact, Trifling Acts, Communication made in
good faith
Private Defence: Meaning, Object and Significance
Unit 3
Joint and Constructive Liability
Common Intention (Sec 3(5) to (9))
Common Object (Sec 190)
Rioting (Sec 191)
Affray (Sec 194)
Promoting enmity between different groups (Sec 196)
Act endangering the Sovereignty, Unity and Integrity of India (Sec 152)
Unit 4
Offences Against Women and Children: Rape, Gang Rape, Sexual Harassment, Voyeurism
and Stalking
Unit 5
Offences Affecting the Human Body: Culpable Homicide, Murder, Causing Death by
Negligence, Mob lynching, Hurt and Grievous Hurt, Wrongful Restraint and Wrongful

28
Confinement, Criminal Force, Assault, Outraging the Modesty of Woman, Kidnapping and
Abduction, Trafficking of Persons;
Unit 6
Offences against Property: Theft, Extortion, Robbery, Dacoity, Criminal Misappropriation,
Criminal Breach of Trust, Cheating, Mischief, Criminal Trespass, Dishonest
Misappropriation of Property, Criminal Breach of Trust, Cheating by Personation.

Prescribed Books
1) Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 Bare Act, by Eastern Book Publications (EBC)
2) K.T. Thomas, M.A. Rashid (Rev.); Ratan Lal & Dhiraj Lal’s The Indian Penal Code
(35th ed., 2017)
3) K.D. Gaur, Criminal Law: Cases & Materials, (8th ed., 2015)
4) R. C. Nigam, Law of Crimes in India (Vol. I) (1965)

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Second Year) IV Semester

Paper V
Law of Torts and MV Accident and Consumer Protection Laws

The course shall comprise of the following: Credit- 04

UNIT- 1. Nature and Definition of Tort various definitions of tort, nature of tort, essentials of
a tort, and mental elements in tortious liability.
1.1 Joint and several tort feasors
1.2 Tort distinguished from crime and contract
UNIT-2. Tort relating to property:
1.1 Trespass, nuisance, trespass to land and goods.
1.2 Defamation, detinue, conversion.
1.3 Negligence, Res ipsa loquitor, contributory negligence, strict liability or liability without
fault and its applicability under the Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Act-2019.
UNIT-3. Motor vehicle accident: motor vehicle, Driving licence, vehicle registration,
regulation of safety measures in construction and maintenance of vehicles, road.
UNIT-4. Need for Consumer Protection and Consumerism
1.1 Doctrine of Caveat Emptor
1.2 Consumer Protection Doctrine of Negligence
1.3 Important Facts of Consumer Protection Act 2019. and the relationship of the Act with
other consumer protection Legislation

Prescribed Books:
1. Ratanlal & Dhirajlal, The Law of Torts Akshay Sapre Lexis Nexis 29th Edition
2. Dr. R.K.Bangia, Law of Torts Allahabad Law Agency
3. Prof. H. D. Pithawalla, The Law of Torts 2023
4. Dr. S.K. Kapoor, Law of Torts CLA, Central Law Agency

29
LL.B. Fifth Semester paper
Paper-I: History V
Paper-II: Sociology-III
Paper-III: Hindu Law
Paper-IV: Administrative Law
Paper-V: Environmental Law

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Third Year) V Semester

Paper I
History V

UNIT-I: Legal Institutions in Ancient and Medieval India

i. Sources of Law in Ancient India: Concept and Sources of Dharma, Veda, Dharmasutra,
Dharma Shastra, Smiriti; Manu and Yajnavalkya.
ii. Tradition and Good Custom, Types of Courts and Procedures
iii. Legal Traditions in Medieval India: Sources of Islamic Law (Quran, Hadis, Ijma, Qiyas),
Salient Features of Islamic Criminal Law, Hanafi School of Thought

Unit II: Early Developments (1700-1800)

i. Settlements: Surat, Madras, Bombay and Calcutta
ii. Courts: Mayor’s Court of 1726 and Supreme Court of 1774
iii. Statutes: Regulating Act, 1773, Pitts India Act, 1784, The Act of Settlement, 1781
iv. Conflict: Raja Nand Kumar, Patna Case and Cossijurah case

Unit III: Evolution of Law

i. Development of Personal Laws
ii. Development of Law in Presidency Towns
iii. Development of Civil Law in Mufassil: Special Emphasis on Justice, Equity and Good
Conscience
iv. Codification of Laws: Charter of 1833, the First Law Commission, the Charter of 1853, The
Second Law Commission

Unit IV: National Movements and Making of Indian Constitution

i. Land marks of Indian National Movement: Non-cooperation, Civil disobedience and Quit
India Movements,
ii. The Indian Independence Act, 1947
iii. The making of the Indian Constitution
iv. Committees of Constituent Assembly

Books:
1) M.P. Jain, Outlines of Indian Legal History, Wadhwa& Co, Nagpur.
2) V.D. Kulshrehtha, V.M. Gandhi, Landmarks of Indian Legal and Constitutional
History, Eastern Book Company, Kurukshetra.
3) M.P. Singh, Outlines of Indian Legal History, Universal Law Publishing Co.
4) M. Rama Jois, Legal and Constitutional History of India, Ancient, Legal, Judicial,
Constitutional System.

30
 5) L.O. Garren& Abdul Hamid, A Constitutional History of India, 1600-1935. London,
1936.
6) H.V. Sreenivasa Murthy – History of India, Eastern Book Company.
7) E.H. Carr, What is History, Penguin.
8) Sabyasachi Bhattacharya (ed.), Approaches to History: Essays in Indian
Historiography, Primus Book

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Third Year) V Semester

Paper II
Sociology III

SOCIAL WELFARE AND SOCIAL LEGISLATION Credit- 04

1. Constitution of India- Fundamental rights and duties-Directive principles of state policy

and related instruments of the constitution initiating the welfare goals of the state.
2. Social legislation as an instrument of social welfare and as an instrument of social
change. Limitations of social legislation.
3. Social Welfare Needs- Provision of compulsory primary education – Full employment-
health care needs, the welfare of women and children, welfare of disadvantaged groups
(handicapped charity deliver and tribes). And housing needs.
4. Social Legislation- Constitutional provision in favor of Dalit tribes and other backward-
class women and children. Law relating to compulsory primary education, employment,
labor legislations, health for all, social science insurance, schemes, human rights, and
trafficking in women and children.
5. Legislations unit dated by state legislative Bodies to meet regional and local social
welfare needs.
6. Organizations promoting Social Welfare Programmers: Central and State Government
organizations and their functioning. Semi-government and nongovernment organization
and their role in social welfare, their functioning.
7. New approaches and efforts to reach the constitutional goals in the context of
liberalization and globalization of the Indian economy.

31
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Third Year) V Semester
Paper III
Hindu Law

Unit 1 Credit- 04
Outlines of Sources of Hindu Law and Schools of Hindu Law
Hindu Law and Gender Equality: Women's rights and LGBTQ+ rights
Marriage: Essentials of a Valid Marriage, Void and Voidable Marriage Under the Hindu
Marriage Act 1955

Unit 2
Maintenance under Hindu Marriage Act (Section 24-25)
Maintenance Under Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 (Sections 18,19 & 20)
Adoption: Essential & Effect (Section 6 to 12 of HAMA,1956)
Kinds and Powers of Guardian under Hindu Minority & Guardianship Act, 1956 (Sec.6-13)

Unit 3
Origin, Nature of joint family and coparcenary, characteristic features of coparcenary,
distinction between Coparcenary and Joint Family, classification of property: obstructed and
unobstructed heritage, joint family property and separate property, Karta: Powers and
functions

Unit 4
Law of Partition and Re-Union: Nature of Partition, Partition how Affected and Reopened,
Subject Matter of Partition, Reunion
Law of Succession Under Hindu Succession Act 1956 and Hindu Succession (Amendment)
Act, 2005

Prescribed Books:
1. Mulla, Principles of Hindu Law
2.Diwan Paras (Dr.), Modern Hindu Law
3. Mayne’s, Hindu Law and Usage
4.Kesari U.P.D.(Dr.), Modern Hindu Law
5. Sharma B.K., Modern Hindu Law
6. Gandhi B.M., Hindu Law, EBC
Prescribed Legislations:
1. Hindu Marriage Act, 1955
2. Hindu Succession Act, 1956
3. Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956
4. Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956
5. Hindu Women's Rights to Property Act, 1937
6. Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005

32
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Third Year) V Semester
Paper IV
Administrative Law

Unit 1 Credit- 04
Historical Growth and Development of Administrative Law (a) England, (b) USA, (c) France
(d) India
Nature and scope of Administrative Law
Definitions of Administrative Law
Functions of Administrative Law (v) Rule of Law (vi) Separation of Powers

Unit 2
Classification of Administrative actions (a) Legislative functions (b) Judicial functions (c)
Administrative functions (ii) Delegated legislations concept and need (iii) Forms of
Delegated legislation
Delegated legislation in (a) England (b) USA (c) India
Constitutionality of Delegated Legislation
Conditional Delegation
Control over Delegated Legislation (a) Judicial control (b) Parliamentary control (c)
Procedure control

Unit 3
Natural Justice
Nature, scope, and historical development of Natural Justice
Principles of Natural Justice (a) Rule against bias (b) Hear the other side ( Audi Alteram
Partem)
Speaking orders
Exclusion of Natural Justice
Breaching Effect of Natural Justice

Unit 4
Judicial and Other Remedies
Meaning, object, and Constitutional Provisions
Locus Standi, Laches, Res-Judicata
Specific Remedies (Writs) (a) Habeas Corpus (b) Mandamus (c) Prohibition (d) Certiorari (e)
Quo Warranto
Constitutional Remedies
Administrative Tribunals (a) Reasons for Growth of Administrative Tribunal (b) Distinction
between Tribunal and Courts (c) Working of Tribunals

Prescribed Books:
1) M.P. Jain and S.N. Jain’s Principles of Administrative Law Revised by Amita Dhanda (8th
Edition Lexis Nexis, 2023)
2) I. P. Massey, Administrative Law (Eastern Book Company, 2023)
3) H.W.R. Wade, Administrative Law (Oxford University Press)
4) S.P. Sathe, Administrative Law (Lexis Nexis)
5) S.R. Myneni, Administrative Law (Asia Law House)
6) Dr. A.B. Kafaltiya, Textbook on Administrative Law (Universal Law Publication)

33
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Third Year) V Semester
Paper V
Environmental Law

Unit 1 Credit- 04
General Background:
(a) Problems of Environmental Pollution and Protection, Forests, Wildlife, Climate Change
and Biological Diversity
(b) E-waste management, Plastic Pollution, Disaster Management and Environmental Ethics
(c) History of Indian Environmental Laws
(d) Importance and Scope of Environmental Laws
(e) International Perspective of Environmental Law

Unit 2
Constitutional Aspects:
(a) Distribution of Legislative Power
(b) Directive Principles of State Policy
(c) Fundamental Duties
(d) Fundamental Rights

Unit 3
Legal Controls - The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
(a) Salient Features of the Acts
(b) Definitions
(c) Authorities - Composition, Power and Function
(d) Mechanism to Control the Pollution
(e) Sanctions
(d) Water Conservation and Management

Unit 4
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986:
(a) Definition of 'Environment'
(b) Salient Features of the Act
(c) Authorities - Composition, Powers, Functions
(d) Mechanism to Control Environmental Pollution
(e) Sanctions
(f) Environmental Protection In India: Under Law of Tort, The Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha
Sanhita,2023, The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita,2023

Unit 5
Control of Noise Pollution:
(a) Legal Control
(b) Judicial Control
(c) Polluter Pays Principle
(d) Precautionary Principle
(e) Public Trust Doctrine
(f) Sustainable Development

Unit 6

34
International Efforts to Curb Environmental Pollution: Stockholm Conference, Earth Summit
and Kyoto Protocol

Prescribed Books:
1. Jaswal P.S., Environmental Law
2. Pal Chandra, Environmental Pollution and Development
3. Tiwari H.N. (Dr.), Environmental Law
4. Prasad Anirudh, Paryawaran Vidhi
5. Nanda S.K., Environmental Law
6. P. Leelakrishnan, Environmental Law in India

Prescribed Legislations:
1. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
2. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
3. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
4. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
5. Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980
6. Biological Diversity Act, 2002
7. E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016
8. Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
9. Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008

35
LL.B. Sixth Semester Paper
Paper-I: Forensic Science and Law
Paper-II: History VI
Paper-III: Muslim Law
Paper-IV: Company Law
Paper-V: Property Law

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Third Year) VI Semester

Paper I
Forensic Science and Law

Course Objective: Credit- 04

To make the students learn about the importance of forensic science and develop the skills of
problem-solving, legal analysis and application, investigation, and scientific laboratory
procedures that can be applied to immediate employment or advanced study.

The course shall comprise of the following:

Unit 1 Forensic Science

1. Definition, Use of Forensic Science in Legal Process

2. Evidence- (A) Documentary Evidence: Medical Certificates, Medico-Legal Reports,
3. Dying Declaration, Death Certificate (B) Oral Evidence: Dying Declaration-
Deposition of a Medical Witness taken in a Lower Court
Unit 2 Forensic Science Use in Criminal Law

1. Personal Identity: Definition, Race, Sex Determination, Anthropometry,

Dactylography, Footprints, Scars, Deformities, Tattoo Marks, Occupational Marks,
handwriting, Clothes Personal Articles, Speech & Voices, DNA Profiling, Brain
Mapping, Narco- Analysis Testing, Finger Printing
2. Examination of the Biological Stains & Hairs: Blood, Semen, Saliva Stains, Hairs &
Fibers
3. Medico-legal aspects of Sterilization, Impotence, Sterility & Artificial Insemination,
surrogate Births, Semen Banking, Paternity Testing, Virginity, Pregnancy and
Delivery, Sexual Offences & Unnatural Sexual Offence, AIDS
4. Legitimacy & Legal Aspect of Marriage, Infanticide, Abortion & Medical
Termination of Pregnancy
Unit 3 Death & Wounds

1. Death and its Medico-Legal Definition, Mode of Death, Sudden Death, Sign of Death,
Presumption of Death, Presumption of Survivorship
2. Deaths from Asphyxia: Introduction, Hanging, Strangulation, Suffocation, Drowning
3. The medico-legal aspect of Wounds: Nature of injury, Examination of Injured
Persons, Cause of Death from Wounds, Power of Volitional, Acts after receiving a
Fatal injury, Difference between wounds inflicted during life & after
4. Difference between Suicidal, Homicidal & Accidental Wounds

36
Unit 4 Mental Health & Toxicology

1. Insanity in its Medico-Legal Aspect: Introduction, Cause of Mental ill Health,

Indication of Mental Health, Classification of Mental Diseases, Mental ill Health,
criminal responsibility
2. Torture & Medicine: Introduction & Definition, Reasons for Torture, Types of Torture,
Medico-Legal Aspects of Torture, Post Mortem Detection of Torture
3. Toxicology: Law relating to Poisons, Action of Poisons, Asphyxiates (Irrespirable
Cases), Carbon Di-Oxide, Carbon Mono-Oxide, War Gases
4. Law & Medicines, Medical Ethics, Medical Council Act, Professional Negligence,
5. Transplantation of Human Organs, Human Experimentation
Prescribed Books:

1) J. P. Modi, Medical Jurisprudence

2) R. Ramachandran, Scientific Techniques in Criminal Investigation, Lawmann’s (1st

ed., 2024)
3) Prof. (Dr.) Nuzhat Parveen Khan, Forensic Science and Indian Legal System,
Central Law Publications (1st ed., 2022)

4) B. R. Sharma, Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and Trials, Lexis Nexis

(6th ed., 2019)

5) Bridges, Vollmer, M Monir, Anoopam Modak; Scientific Techniques in Criminal

Investigation, Universal Law Publishing (3rd ed., 2016)

37
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Third Year) VI Semester
Paper II
History VI

1. Courts Credit- 04
a. Administration of Justice In the presidency towns and development of courts (1900-
1773).
b. Warren Hastings plan of 1772 and the Adalat System.
c. Supreme Court of 1774 and Supreme Court of India.
d. High Court Act 1861 and High Court under India Constitution.
e. Development of the rules of Law, Separation of Power, and independence of Judiciary.
f. Judicial committee of privy council.
g. Courts system generally under the constitution of India.

2. Legislature
a. Legislative Authority of East India Company under the character of 1600.
b. (Changes under regulating Act 1773, Act of 1781)
c. Act of 1813, 1833 and establishing of all India Legislature 1834.
d. India Council Act 1861 and 1909.
e. Government of India Act of 1919 and 1935.
f. Legislative council in the provinces, power, and function of the same.
g. Law reforms and law commissions.

3. Legal Professions
a. Legal Professions in pre-British, India Rule, training and function.
b. Law practitioners in the Mayor’s Courts.
c. Organizations of legal professions under the character of 1774.
d. Legal professions in company courts.
e. Provisions for enrolment of Adventures, Vakils, and Attorneys under the Legal
Practitioners Act. 1853 and under the letters panel issued.
f. Legal Practitioners Act, 1879-report of India Bar Committee 1923.
g. Indian Bar Council Act, 1926. The All India Bar Committee, 1951. The Advocates Act.
1961.
h. Development of Legal Education.
Prescribed Books:
1) Dr. Kailash Rai, History of Courts, Legislature and Legal Profession in India,
Allahabad Law Agency
2) Prof. (Dr.) Mool Chand Sharma, Law, Justice and Judicial Power, Oak Bridge
Publications
3) O. Chinappa Reddy, The Court and the Constitution of India, Oxford India
Paperbacks

38
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Third Year) VI Semester
Paper III
Muslim Law

Unit 1 Introduction Credit- 04

Who is Muslim, Conversion, Apostasy?
Sources of Muslim Law
Schools and Sub Schools of Muslim Law

Unit 2 Socio-Economic Issues and Muslim Law

Gender Equality
Women’s Rights Halala
Uniform Civil Code

Unit 3 Marriage
Definition, Nature, Capacity, Classification, and Legal Effect of Marriage, Dower
Unit 4 Dissolution of Marriage
(Divorce) Talaq, Ila, Khula, Mubarat
Talaq-e-Tafweed, Lian, Faskh etc.
Dissolution of Muslim Marriage Act, 1939

Unit 5 Maintenance (Shah Bano Case and the Ensuing Legislation) with Special Reference
to Section 144 of The Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita,2023
The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act 2019 (Act No. 20 of 2019)
(Triple Talaq Act)

Unit 6 Hiba & Will

Hiba: Meaning and Essentials of a Valid Hiba, Kinds, Formalities, and Revocation for a
Valid Hiba, Gift of Mushaa, Marz-ul-Maut Will: Meaning, essentials and capacity to make
Will, a Subject matter of Will, to whom Will be made, Abatement of Legacies, Revocation of
Will.

Unit 7 Pre-emption and Inheritance

Pre-emption: Definition, Classification & Formalities Inheritance under Sunni Law, Doctrine
of Aul and Radd
Prescribed Books:
1. Fyzee, Outlines of Mohammedan Law
2. Wilson, Muslim Law
3. Mulla, Principles of Mohammedan Law
4. Rashid Khalid, Muslim Law
5. Ahmad Aqeel, Mohammedan Law
Prescribed Legislations:
1. Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 (Triple Talaq Act)
2. Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939
3. Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986
4. Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937
5. Wakf Act, 1954 (related to Muslim trusts and endowments)
6. Shariat Act, 1937

39
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Third Year) VI Semester
Paper IV
Company Law

Unit 1 Company Credit- 04

Meaning, Kinds, Characteristics, and companies distinguished from other forms of business
organizations
Corporate personality and lifting the veil of corporate personality
Promoter: Meaning, legal position, and liability of promoter and company for pre-
incorporation contracts.

Unit 2 Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association

Meaning, Nature and Contents and Relationship Between the two
Objects Clause and Doctrine of Ultra-Vires.

Unit 3 Share: Nature, Issue, Types, Allotment, Underwriting, Share Capital, Reduction of
Share Capital, Transfer and Transmission of securities. Dividend: Declaration of Dividend,
Management of Unpaid Dividend; Unpaid Dividend, Account, Investor Education and
Protection Fund, Punishment for failure to distribute dividends.
Borrowing powers and the effect of unauthorized borrowing
Debenture: Kinds, Debentures Holders, Debenture Trustees, Public Deposits
Hybrid Instruments: Fully Convertible Debentures, Partially Convertible Debenture.
Charges and Mortgages, Registration of Charges Inter-corporate Investment

Unit 4 Prospectus
Meaning, Kinds, and liability for untrue statements in the prospectus
Share and share capital: Meaning, Kinds of share, and the distinction between equity and
preference share.
Company Meeting: Meaning and kinds with special emphasis on members' meetings.
Journey of Companies Act from 1956 to 2021

Prescribed Books:
1. Dr. G. K. Kapoor & Dr. Sanjay Dhamija, A Comprehensive Text Book on Companies Act
2013
2. Dr. S.M. Shukla & Dr. I. M. Sahai, Sahitya Bhawan Publications Company Law
3. Avtar Singh, EBC Company Law Avtar Singh (seventeenth edition) Company Law
4. CS. Amit Vohra & CS. Rachit Dhingra Company Law & Practice
5. Prof. H. D. Pithawalla Company Law 2024 C. Jamnadas & Co.

40
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Third Year) VI Semester
Paper V
Property Law

Unit 1 Credit- 04
Concept of Property and General Principles Relating to Transfer of Property
Concept of property: the distinction between moveable and immoveable property
Definition clause: Immovable property, Attestation, Notice, Actionable claim
Definition of transfer of property (Sec.5)
Transfer and non-transfer property (Sec.10-12)
Transfer to an unborn person and rule against perpetuity (Sec.13, 14)
Vested and Contingent interest (Sec.19 & 21) Rule of Election (Sec.35)

Unit 2 General Principles Governing Transfer of Immoveable Property

Transfer by ostensible owner Rule of feeding the grant by estoppel Rule of Lis pendens
Fraudulent transfer Rule of part performance Vested and contingent interest Conditional
transfer

Unit 3 Specific Transfers

Sale and gift
Mortgage and charge
Lease and License

Prescribed Books:
1) Poonam Pradhan Saxena (Rev.), Mulla’s The Transfer of Property Act (11th ed. 2012)
2) Poonam Pradhan Saxena, ‘Property and Easement’, Halsbury Laws of India; Vol. 12
(2002)
3) Poonam Pradhan Saxena, Property Law (2nd ed. 2011)
4) Vepa. P. Sarathi (Rev.) G. C.V. Subba Rao’s Law of Transfer of Property (3rd ed.,2002)

41
LL.B. Seventh Semester Paper
Paper-I: Competition Law
Paper-II: Labour Law-I
Paper-III: Public International Law
Paper-IV:Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Paper-V: Professional Ethics & Professional Accounting system (Clinical/Practical)

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fourth Year) VII Semester

Paper I
Competition Law

Course Objectives: Credit- 04

Following the global trend and adapting to evolving circumstances, India re-examined the
1969 Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act. It implemented the Competition Act,
of 2002 in its place based on the High-Level Raghavan Committee's recommendations. The
course is designed to give students a thorough understanding of the Competition Law in
India with related case studies to understand the basic concept of economics of law.

Unit 1
1) Competition: Introduction, Objectives and History
2) Important Definitions: Competition, Competition Law, Agreement, Cartel, Consumer,
Enterprise, Goods, Services, Practice, Market, Relevant Market.
3) Indian scenario with an overview of MRTP Act, 1969- Raghavan Committee Report
4) Difference between MRTP Act and Competition Act, Salient feature of Competition
Act; Reference to EU and US laws

5) International cooperation for competition

Unit 2
1) Anti-competitive Agreement: Horizontal and Vertical agreements
2) Appreciable adverse effect
3) Effects doctrine
4) Prohibition of anti-competitive agreements
5) Concerted practices and parallel behavior
6) cartelization and Bid Rigging
Unit 3
1) Regulation of Abuse of Dominant Position
2) Dominant Position: Meaning and Determinants
3) Relevant Market
4) Predatory Pricing
Unit 4
1) Combinations: Merger, Acquisition, Amalgamation and Takeover
2) Horizontal, Vertical and Conglomerate Mergers
3) Combinations Regulations, Penalties, Green Channel
4) Competition Commission of India: Establishment and composition
5) Powers and Duties
Unit 5
1) Emerging trends in competition Law
2) Competition Advocacy
3) Intellectual Property Rights and Competition Law

42
 4) Competition Law and Consumer Protection

Prescribed Books:

1) Abir Roy, Jayant Kumar, Competition Law in India (2 nd edition, 2017 with
supplement 2023) Eastern Law House

2) D. P. Mittal, Taxmann’s Competition Law (2007)

3) Universal Guide to Competition Law in India-2003, Universal Law Publishing

Company, New Delhi

4) T. Ramappa., Competition Law in India- Policy, Issues, and Development (2006)

Oxford University Press

5)Nahar. S. Mahala, Law, Practice and Procedure (2006), Commercial Law Publishers

6) Vinod Dhall, Competition Law Today, (ed.) 2007, Oxford University Press

7) R.K. Bangia, A Handbook of Consumer Protection Laws and Procedure, Allahabad

Law Agency

8) Avtar Singh, Law of Consumer Protection; Principles and Practice, Eastern Book
Company.

43
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fourth Year) VII Semester
Paper II
Labour Law I

Unit 1 Credit- 04
Industrial Relation, Labour Problem, and Labour Policy in India Trade Union Act, 1926
(Labour Management Relation); History and Development of Trade Union Movement,
Registration of Trade Union, Rights and Liabilities of Registered Trade Union, Penalties and
procedure, Collective Bargaining-Process, Merit and Demerits

Unit 2
Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 Scope of Industry, Workmen, Employers, Industrial Disputes,
Authorities under the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947, Procedure, Power and Duties of
Authorities, Reference of Disputes to Boards, Courts or Tribunals.

Unit 3
Strike, Lock-out, Lay-off, Retrenchment and Closure Unfair Labour Practices, Penalties,
Offences by Companies, etc., Industrial Employment (Standing Order) Act, 1946.

Unit 4
Philosophy of Labour Welfare, Historical Development of Labour Welfare, The Factories
Act, 1948: Interpretation competent person, Hazardous process, Manufacturing Process,
Worker, Factory, Occupier, Health, Safety and Welfare, Working House of Adults,
Employment of young persons, Inspectors-Appointment and Powers.

Prescribed Legislations
1. Trade Union Act, 1926
2. Industrial Dispute Act, 1947
3. Factories Act, 1948
Prescribed Books:
• H.L. Kumar- Labour and Industrial laws
• Avtar Singh And Harpreet Kaur-Introduction to Labour and Industrial Law
• S.N. Misra- Labour and Industrial laws
• S.C. Srivastava- Industrial Relations and Labour Laws
• B.D. Singh- Industrial Relations and Labour Laws

44
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fourth Year) VII Semester
Paper III
Public International Law

Unit 1 Credit- 04
International Law; Nature & Definition
i. Public International Law: Nature & Historical Development, Relationship between
International Law and International Politics
ii. Definitions of Public International Law
iii. Sources of Public International Law.
iv. Relationship and difference between Public International Law and Municipal Law
v. Subjects of Public International Law: States, Individuals and international organization.
vi. Sanctions in International Law.
vii. Enforcement of International Law.
viii. Sovereignty in International Law: Historical development and Recent Challenges
(Sovereignty as Responsibility, Subsidiary and the impact of Globalization)

Unit 2
Succession, Intervention, Jurisdiction
i. Recognition-Definition of State Recognition, Recognition of Government, Theories of
Recognition, Recognition De Jure and De Facto, The Duty to Recognize, Legal Effect of
Recognition, Withdrawal of Recognition, Retroactive effect of Recognition.
ii. States Succession: Definition and Kinds of Succession, Consequences of States
Succession, Succession in respect of International organization.
iii. Intervention: Definition, Grounds of Intervention, Intervention by Invitation, Prohibition
on Intervention, Humanitarian Intervention, and Responsibility to Protect (R2P).
iv. Jurisdiction: Meaning, Nature, Difference between sovereignty and jurisdiction. v. State
Responsibility

Unit 3
International Organizations
i. International Organization: Historical Development, Kinds, Approaches, Legal
Personality, Capacity to enter into international treaties.
ii. Relevancy of Perpetual Peace Models in the Development of International Organizations.
iii. Comparative Study of Covenant of League of Nations and UN Charter.

Unit 4
United Nations Charter
i. Establishment of UN Charter.
ii. Preamble of UN Charter.
iii. Purposes and Principles of the UN Charter
iv. Membership: Admission, Suspension, and Expulsion, with drawl from UN Charter.
v. Functions and powers of General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social
Council, Trusteeship Council, Secretariat.
vi. Amendments to UN Charter (Art 108 and 109 of UN Charter).

45
Unit 5
Dispute Settlement
i. Pacific Settlement of Disputes: Negotiation, Arbitration, Conciliation, Mediation, Good
offices, Chapter VI of UN Charter, Judicial Settlements of Disputes by International Courts
and Tribunals: Difference between Dispute and Situation, Difference between Permanent
Court of International Justice and International Court of Justice, International Court of
Justice: Composition, Jurisdiction and Basic Principles.
ii. Sanctions under Chapter VII of the UN Charter.
iii. Collective Security under the UN Charter.

Prescribed Books:
1. Principles of The Institutional Law of International Organizations, C.F. Amerasinghe,
Cambridge University Press, 2005.
2. The Law of International Organizations by Nigel White, Juris publications, 2005.
3. Law of International institutions by David Bowett, Sweet Maxwell Publications, 2011.
4. The Law of The United Nations by Hans Kelsen, Stevens and Sons Limited, 1951.
5. Textbook on Public International Law, Dr. Rakesh. Kr. Singh, Universal Publications
6. International Court of Justice, Robert Kolb, Hart Publications.
7. An introduction to Law of United Nations, Robert Kolb, Hart Publications, 2009.
8. International Criminal Law, A Cassesse, Oxford Publications, 2008.
9. International Dispute Settlement. J. G. Merrills, Cambridge University Press, 2011.

46
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fourth Year) VII Semester
Paper IV
Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam

Course Outcome Credit- 04

To help the students as future lawyers to understand how to prevent laxity and negligence in
the presentation and admissibility of evidence. It introduces the students to a feel of the
courts, and also while practicing, how the rules of procedure need to be followed. It is a part
of the Substantive and Procedural law in civil and criminal cases.

Course learning outcomes

By the conclusion of this course, it is intended that students will be able
1. To acquire the knowledge of the basics of the law of evidence and develop an
understanding of the law of evidence and its operation
2. To discuss the overview of the courts and various principles and provisions that govern
the law of evidence
3. To contradict and contest between the English law and Indian law and the inquisitorial
system of law
4. To a certain and discuss the fact of complex legal problems including implementation of
the involving question of law of evidence
5. To demonstrate a detailed knowledge of specific area of current importance and to analyse
the evolving nature of law of evidence

Unit 1
Evidence and its Relationship with the Substantive and Procedural Laws
Definitions: Court, Fact, Relevant, Facts in Issue, Document, Evidence, Proved, Disproved,
Not proved, may presume, Shall presume, Conclusive proof, Oral and Documentary
Evidence (Sec.2)
Relevancy and admissibility; Evidence may be given of facts in the issue and relevant facts
(Sec. 3)
Doctrine of Res Gestae (Sec. 4); Sections (5, 6, 7); Conspiracy (Sec.8); Plea of Alibi (Sec.9):
Secs. 10-14

Unit 2
Admission (Sec.15-21), Confessions (Sec.22-24), Dying Declaration (Sec.26), Sec.27,
Opinion of third persons when relevant (Sec. 39-45), Relevancy of Character (Sec. 46-50)

Unit 3
Facts which need not be proved (Sec.51-53) Oral and documentary evidence (Sec.54-77)
(with special reference to Admissibility of Electronic Evidence) Burden of Proof (Sec.104
120) Estoppel (Sec.121-123)

Unit 4
Of Witnesses (Sec.124- 139) Of Examination of Witnesses (Sections. 140-168) Accomplice
Examination of Witnesses, Order of examinations, Examination in Chief, Cross-
examination, Re-Examination Leading Questions (Sec.146), Impeaching the credit of
witness (Sec. 158)] Improper admission and rejection of Evidence (Sec. 169)

47
Prescribed Books:
1.Lal Batuk, Law of Evidence
2.Ratan Lal and Dhiraj Lal, The Law of Evidence
3. Justice M. Monir, Text on The Law of Evidence
4. Mulla, Commentary on Law of Evidence
5. Sarkar M.C. & Sarkar S.C., Law of Evidence in India

Prescribed Legislations:
1. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
2.The Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita,2023
3.Information Technology Act 2000

48
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fourth Year) VII Semester
Paper V
Professional Ethics & Professional Accounting System

Unit 1 Credit- 04
Nature and Characteristics of:
(a) Professional Ethics
(b) Legal Profession
Unit 2
Professional ethics and Advocacy, Standards of Professional Conduct and Etiquette, Conflict
between interest and duty, Duty to court, Duty to Client, Duty to opponent, Duty to
Colleagues, Duty towards Society, and obligation to render legal aid
Unit 3 Bench-Bar Relationship
Reciprocity as partners in the administration of Justice Professional Misconduct
Rights and Privileges of Advocates
Unit4
(1) The Advocate Act, 1961, The Bar Council of India Rules, 1961
(2) Contempt of Court Act, 1971
(3) The Advocates Welfare Fund Act, 2001
(4) The Contempt of Courts (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2018
Historical development of Contempt of Court Act in India, Object and Constitutional validity
of Contempt of Court Act.
Definition, Kinds of Contempt
Contempt by Judges, Magistrates, Lawyers and other persons Cognizence, Procedure,
Appellate provisions regarding Contempt Defences, Punishment and Remedies against
punishment for Contempt of Court and Punishment for Contempt, Defences
Prescribed Legislations:
1. Act, 1961, The Bar Council of India Rules, 1961
2. Contempt of Court Act, 1971
THE CONTEMPT OF COURTS (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2017
3. The Advocates Welfare Fund Act, 2001
Prescribed Books:
1. Mr. Krishna Murthy lyer's Book on Advocacy
2. The Bar Council Code of Ethics
3. Keith Evam, The Golden Rules of Advocacy, 1994, Universal, Delhi
4. Holland Avrom Shree, Advocacy, 1994 Universal, Delhi

49
 5. Sandeep Bhalla, Advocates Act & Professional Misconduct, Nasik Law House

(LL.B. Eighth Semester Paper)

Paper-I: Legal Professional Communication Skills
Paper-II:Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
Paper-III: Civil Procedure Code and Limitation Act
Paper-IV: Labour Law-II
Paper-V: Alternate Dispute Resolution (Clinical/Practical)

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fourth Year) VIII Semester

Paper I
Legal Professional Communication Skills

PART-A
1. Introduction of Legal Language Credit- 04
a. Need and importance of Legal Language
b. Legal Language in India
c. Official Language – the Constitutional Position.
d. Problem of legal language in drafting
e. Fundamental principle of legal writing
f. How to write a case comment.

2. Introduction to Communication Definition: Importance of Communication Skills for

professional, verbal, nonverbal, and paralinguistic communication; the communication
model written vs oral communication and how to avoid them; Characteristics, of the
Language of the Law.

3. Placement Skills: Group Discussion; How to face an interview; Presentation techniques:

Resume, writing for Employment Designing cover letters

4. Nonverbal Communication: Meetings: purpose, procedure, chairmanship, participation,

physical arrangement, writing a professional letter, Hearing and Listening, The plain English
movement Peter Tiersma.

5. Communication Skills for Advocacy: The advocate as conductor: painting the picture, my
physical presence, which do I look masking my anxiety; what do I call people; opening
statements; agendas; questioning my witnesses, helping the decision maker to understand,
winning advocacy by High Selby and Graeme Blank

PART-B
Literary Readings
1. Language and the Law, Jahn Gibbons, 1999. Annual review of applied linguistics 19,
156-173, Cambridge University Press.
2. The Merchant of Venice (Active, the court scene) – William Shakespeare
3. C.K. Kakodar V. State of Maha. (P. Jaganmohan Reddy, J.) Equipment citation AIR
1970 SC 1390, (1970) 72BOMLR917Bri LJ1273, (1969) 2SCC687, (1970) 2SCR80
4. Franceis Bacon, of Judicature

50
5. Legality of book-banking A.M. Bhattacharjee
6. The Ba at dispute and mediation by Sriram Pandit
7. Learning Legal Rules (A Student’s Guide in Legal Method and Reasoning) – James A.
Holland, Juhan S. Webb. Type Non-Fiction. Genre Crime & Law
8. An Authority of APJ Abdul Kalam By A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Arun Tiwari Orient
Longman 1999.

Reference Test:
1. Dr. Anirudh Prasad outcomes of legal language in India 4th edition. Central law
publications. Allahabad, 2007.
2. Development of communications skills by Mohan and Benerji: Peter Tiersara.
3. Legal language, legal writing English Dr. S.C. Tripathi central law publications 2005. 3 rd
ed.
4. Osborn and Osborn, Public speaking 4th ed. 2000. Houghton Mifflin Company, U.S.A.
5. Winning advocacy by Hugh Selby and Graeme Blank

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fourth Year) VIII Semester

Paper II
Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita

Course Outcomes Credit- 04

1. To familiarize the students with the crucial aspects relating to the Investigation and Trial of
offenses (like the initiation of criminal cases, powers, and duties of police during the
investigation of offenses, stages of the criminal trial, functions, duties, and powers of
criminal courts)
2. To sensitize the students about critical issues in the administration of criminal justice
(through audio-video electronic means) like protection of human rights of accused,
and victims, principles of fair trial
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Identify the stages in investigation and procedure of trial in criminal cases
2. Explain the powers, functions, and duties of police and criminal courts
3. Critically analyze the recent changes in the Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023
4. Employ and promote the adoption of Just and Humane practices in the administration of
criminal justice

Unit 1 Introduction
History, Object, Scope, and Extent of the Act (Section 1-5) Definitions, Constitution of
Criminal Courts and Offices (Section 6-20), Powers of Courts (Section 21-29).
Powers of Superior Officers of Police and Aid to the Magistrates and Police (Section
30-34)

Unit 2 Pre-Trial Procedure

The arrest of Persons (Section 35-62), Processes to Compel Appearance through Summons
Warrant of arrest and Proclamation and Attachment (Section 63-93), Process to
compel the production of things through Summons Search Warrants and
Miscellaneous including seizure, Attachment and Forfeiture of property (Section 94-
124), Information to the Police and their Powers to Investigate (Section 173-196)

51
Unit 3 Inquiries Procedure
Jurisdiction of the Criminal Courts in Inquiries and Trials (Section 197-209), Conditions
Requisite for initiation of proceedings (Section 210-222), Complaints to Magistrate
(Section 223-226), Commencement of Proceedings before Magistrate (Section 227-
233)

Unit 4 Public Order and Alimony

Security for keeping the peace and for good behavior (Section 125-143), Order for
Maintenance of Wives, Children, and Parents (Section 144-147), Maintenance of
Public Order and Tranquility (Section 148-167), Preventive Action of the Police
(Section 168-172)

Prescribed Legislation: Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023

Prescribed books:
1) K. N. Chandrasekharan Pillai (Rev.), R. V. Kelkar’s Criminal Procedure, (7th ed.,
2021)
2) K. N. Chandresakharan Pillai (Rev.), R.V. Kelkar’s Lectures on Criminal Procedure,
(6th ed., 2017)

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fourth Year) VIII Semester

Paper III
Civil Procedure Code and Limitation Act

The Course shall comprise of the following: Credit- 04

Unit (1)
a) Definition: Decree, Order, Mesne Profit, Gradation of Courts, Suit of Civil Nature
b) Principle of Res-Judicata and Res Sub-Judice.
c) Cause of Action, Place of Suing, Parties to the Suits, Framing of Issues, Appearance and
Consequences of Non-Appearances of Parties

Unit (2)
a) Judgment, Decree and Orders
b) Mode of Execution, Attachment and Sale of Movable and Immovable Properties in
Execution
c) Arrest, Restitution, Simultaneous Execution, Rateable Distribution
d) Appeals: Appeal from Original Decree, Power of the Appellate Courts,
e) Reference, Review, Revision, Inherent

Unit (3)
a) Summons
b) Pleadings and Amendment
c) Rejection of Plaint
d) Suits by Indigent Persons, Suit by or Against Minors and Persons of Unsound Mind
e) Suits by or against the government

Unit (4)
a) Interim Orders: Commission, Arrest before judgment, Attachment before Judgement.
b) Temporary Injunctions and Interlocutory Orders.

52
c) Inherent Powers of Courts, Suits against Government

Unit (5)
a) Limitation of Suits, Appeals, and Applications, Period of Limitation, Continuous Running
of Time, Effect of Sufficient cause for not Preferring Appeal or Making an Application
within a Period of Limitation, Legal Disabilities.
b) Computation of Period of Limitation and Exclusion of Time in Legal Proceeding, Effect of
Death, Fraud, Acknowledgement in Writing.
Prescribed Books:
1) Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
2) The Limitation Act, 1963
3) C.K. Takwani, Civil Procedure (Eastern Book Company)
4) Mulla, The Code of Civil Procedure (18th Edition, Lexis Nexis 2022)
5) K. Shanmukham, Sanjiva Row, The Limitation Act (2000)
6) Shriniwas Gupta, Textbook on the Limitation Act, (Lexis Nexis, 2020)

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fourth Year) VIII Semester

Paper IV
Labour Law II

Unit 1 Credit- 04
Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923 (Sec.1-10, 12, 14, 14A, 17, 20 & 25)
Conceptual framework of Social Security-Evolution and concept of Social Security, Scheme
of Social Security,
Employees’ Compensation Act, 1923: Definitions, Aims & Object, Liability of Employer,
Notional Extension & Defences, Determination of Amount of Compensation, Compensation
when due-Penalty for default, Contracting Out (Sec.17), Appointment & Powers of
Commissioner (Sec.19-31).

Unit 2
Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 (Sec.3-18) Aims & Object, Definitions, Restriction on
employment, Right to Maternity Benefit, Medical Bonus, Leave Dismissal during Pregnancy
(Sec.10-16), forfeiture of Maternity benefit, Leave for Miscarriage, Penalty for contravention
of Act by Employer, Cognizance of offenses
The Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972: Aims and Objects of Act, Definition, Controlling
Authority, Payment of Gratuity, Recovery of Gratuity, Determination of the amount of
Gratuity.

Unit 3
Minimum Wages Act, 1948: Theories and Concept of Wages, Aims & Objects of Act,
Definition, Fixation & Revision of Rates of Wages, Working Hours and Determination of
Wages and Claim, etc. Authority Appointment & Powers of the Authority The Equal
Remuneration Act, 1976, Payment of Remuneration at equal rates to Men and Women
workers and other matters.

Unit 4
Payment of Wages Act, 1936: Aims & Object, Responsibility of Payment of Wages, Time of
Payment of Wages & Fixation of Wage Period, Authorized Deductions (Sec.7 to 13),

53
Appointment & Powers of Inspectors and Authority for Adjudication of Claims (Sec.15-18),
Penalty for offenses under the Act. The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965: Scope and Application,
Definition, Computation of Gross Profit and available surplus, Eligibility for Bonus,
Disqualification for Bonus, Minimum and Maximum Bonus.

Prescribed Books:
• K.D. Srivastava, Commentaries on Minimum Wages Act, 1995, Eastern Book Co.
• K.D. Srivastava, Commentaries on Payment of Wages Act, 1998, Eastern Book Co
• S.B. Rao, Law and Practice on Minimum Wages, 1999

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fourth Year) VIII Semester

Paper V
Alternate Dispute Resolution

Unit-1. Negotiation skills to be learned with simulated program Credit- 04

1.1Conciliation skills
1.2 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Under International and National Context - An
Overview
Unit-2. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 And Arbitration and Conciliation
(Amendment) Bill, 2021Object, Development and Salient features.
1.1Arbitration: Definition, Sources, Kinds, Scope, and Differences to Court
1.2Arbitration Agreement, Composition of Arbitral Tribunal
Unit-3. Jurisdiction of Arbitral Tribunal, Conduct of Arbitral Proceeding, Making of
Arbitral Award, and Termination of Proceedings.
Unit-4. Conciliation, Mediation, Lok-Adalat & Permanent Lok-Adalat, Negotiation,
Mid Arb, Medola, Summary trials, etc.
(assessment through case study, viva, and periodical problem solution besides the written
tests).
Prescribed Books:
1. P.C. Rao & William Sheffield, Alternative Disputes Resolutions, (1997) Universal, Delhi
2. G.K. Kwatra, The Arbitration & Conciliation Law of India, (2000), Universal, Delhi
3. B.P Saraf & M.Jhunjhunwala, Law of Arbitration & Conciliation, (2000) Snow White,
Mumbai I
4. Johari, Commentary on Arbitration and Conciliation Act. 1999 Universal, Delhi

54
SCHEDULE-A (I)
OPTIONAL PAPERS
1. Every student shall be required to opt for three optional papers in the LL.B. ninth
semester and LL.B. Tenth Semester respectively.
2. Instruction in an optional paper arranged by colleges/departments keeping in view the
availability of teaching staff and teaching material.
3. Optional papers shall be offered from the following list of papers.

LL.B. Ninth Semester

Paper-I: Jurisprudence
Any three of the optional papers given in Schedule A(i)
Paper-II: Optional Paper-I
Paper-III: Optional Paper-II
Paper-IV: Optional Paper-III
Paper-V: Drafting pleading and conveyance (Clinical/Practical)

Optional Paper-I (any one

a. Interpretation of statutes and principles of legislation.
b. Intellectual property Law and UR legislation.
c. Banking Law
Optional paper-II (any one
a. Human rights law and practice
b. Information Technology Law
c. Patent Law
Optional Paper-III (any one
a. Penology & Victimology
b. Cyber Crime (Information Technology Offences)
c. White-collar Crime

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fifth Year) IX Semester

Paper I
Jurisprudence

Unit 1- Introduction to Jurisprudence Credit- 04

Definition, Nature, and Scope of Jurisprudence. Sources of law Natural Law School

Unit 2- Schools of Legal Theory

Legal Positivism. Historical School, Realist School, Sociological School. Critical Legal
School.

Unit 3- Basic Concepts of Law

Rights and Duties Ownership and possession. Legal personality and its Theories.

Unit 4- Justice and Contemporary Issues

Theories of Justice: Aristotle’s Theory of Justice, Utilitarian Theory of Justice, Rawlsian
Theory of Justice, Robert Nozick’s views. Relation of Modernism and Post-
Modernism to Law. Relation between Law and Morality

55
Prescribed Books:
1. R W Dias’ Jurisprudence, LexisNexis publication.
2. Raymond Wacks, Understanding Jurisprudence, Oxford Publication.
3. Wayne Morrison, Understanding Jurisprudence: From Greeks to Post Modernism,
(Routledge Publication).
4. N.E. Simmonds, Central Issues in Jurisprudence, Eastern Book Co.
5. Salmond On Jurisprudence, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Limited 6. Anirudh
Prasad, Principles of Jurisprudence, Eastern Book Publication

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fifth Year) IX Semester

Paper II

Optional Paper-I (any one) Credit- 04

(a) Interpretation of Statutes and Principle of Legislation
Unit 1 Interpretation
Law Making: Legislature, Executive and the Judiciary, General Clauses Act, Classification of
Statutes-Temporary Statutes and Permanent Statutes, Classification of Statutes concerning
Methods, Classification of Statutes concerning Object
Unit 2 Statute Types and Structure
Meaning of the term Statute, General Clauses Act, 1897, Enactment, Interpretation and
Construction, Kinds of Statutes, Statutes are valid, Intention of the Legislature,
Commencement, Operation, Repeal and Revival of Statutes, Statute must be read as a whole
in its context.
Unit 3 Rules & Maxims
Necessity for Rules of Interpretation, Literal Rule, Mischief Rule, Golden Rule, Purposive
Rule Harmonious Construction. Maxims: Noscitur a sociis, Ejusdem generis, ut res magis
valeat quam pareat, In Bonaparte, Delegatus non potest delegare, Expressio unius
exclusion alterius.
Unit 4 Aids to Interpretation
Interpretation of Directory and Mandatory Provision, Beneficial Construction, Taxing
Statutes, Penal Statutes, Internal Aids to Interpretation. External Aids to Interpretation.
Prescribed Books:
1. Maxwell, Interpretation of Statutes
2. Singh G.P., Principles of Statutory Interpretation
3. Jagdish Swaroop, Interpretation of Statutes
4. Saathi V.P., Interpretation of Statutes
5. Mathur D.P., Interpretation of Statutes
6. Singh Avtar (Dr.), Interpretation of Statutes
7. Srivastava R.D., Interpretation of Statutes and Legislation

56
(b) Intellectual Property Rights Law and IPR Litigation
Unit 1: Historical Development of IPR & International Conventions
Basic concept of IPR; The meaning of Intellectual property, Nature, the forms of
intellectual property, Introduction to the leading international instruments concerning
intellectual property rights: Introduction to Intellectual Property 1. Nature and Concept of
Intellectual Property Rights; Paris Convention on the Protection of Industrial Property,
1883, Patent Co-operation treaty, Berne Convention on the Protection of Literary and
Artistic Works, 1886; Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs),
1994; World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO); World Trade Organisation
(WTO)
Unit 2: The Patents Act, 1970
Definition of Patent, Inventions (Sec.2j), Patentability Criteria, Invention not patentable
(Sec.3 to 5), Application (Sec.6 to 8), Specification (Sec.9 to 10), Opposition (Sec.25),
Conditions for grant of patent (Sec.47) Rights of Patents (Sec.47), Patents of Addition
(Sec.54 & 55), Surrender & Revocation (Sec. 63 to 66) Compulsory Licenses,
infringement
Unit 3: The Copyright Act
Historical background and Development of Copyright Law, Subject matter of copyright,
Copyright in Computer Programme, Author Special Rights, Right of Broadcasting and
performers, Copyright Societies, Ownership, Assignment, Licence, Translation of
Copyright, Compulsory Licences, Fair use provisions.
Unit 4: Biological Diversity
Convention of Bio-Diversity: Objectives of CBD; Salient features of CBD; International
IPR agreements affecting protection of plant varieties, The WTO Doha round of trade
negotiations; International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources ("ITPGR") Biological
Diversity Law: Introduction and overview of Biological Diversity; Meaning and scope of
Biological Diversity; Biological resources and traditional knowledge; Salient features of
Biological Diversity Act; Biological Diversity concerns and issues; Bio piracy; Regulation
of access to Biological Diversity; National Biodiversity Authority; Functions and powers
of Biodiversity Authority; State Biodiversity Board; Biodiversity Management Committee
and its functions Traditional Knowledge- Neem, Haldi & Basmati Rice Cases
Prescribed Books:
1. Ahuja, V.K., Intellectual Property Rights in India
2. Bently, Lionel & Sharman, Intellectual Property Law
3. Wadehra, B.L., Law Relating to Intellectual Property
4. Narayanan, P., Intellectual Property Law
5. Mishra, J.P., Intellectual Property Law
6. Cornish, W.R., Intellectual Property Rights
Prescribed Legislations:
1. Patent Act, 1970
2. Copyright Act, 1957

57
3. Trademark Act, 1999
4. Designs Act, 2000
5. Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999

(c) Banking Law

The course shall comprise of the following:
1. Origin and Development of Banking System
2. Relationship of Banker and Customer and their rights and duties
3. Payments Systems, Digital Banking Systems and E-Commerce
Unit (I) Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934
(i) Evolution of Reserve Bank of India
(ii) Compositions and functions of Reserve Bank of India
(iii) Reserve Bank as a banker's bank and advisor to the Government
Unit (II) Banking Regulation Act, 1949
(i) Business of Banking Companies
(ii) Prohibited Banking functions
(iii) Suspension of Business and Winding Up of Banking Companies
(iv) Application to Co-operative Banks
Unit (III) Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999
(i)Objectives, Scope and Commencement of the Act
(ii)Contravention and Penalties
(iii) Adjudication and Appeal
(iv) Directorate of Enforcement
Unit (IV) Prevention of Money Laundering Act 2002
5. Meaning and kinds of Negotiable Instruments
6. Endorsement, Negotiability and Assignability
7. Holder and Holder in due course
8. Rights and Liabilities of Paying and Collecting Banker
9. Dishonour of Negotiable Instruments Including Criminal Liability of Drawer and
Protection of Collecting Banker
Unit (V) Securitization and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security
Interest Act (SARFAESI ACT, 2002)
Unit (VI) Debts Recovery Tribunal (DRT), Debts Recovery Appellate Tribunals (DRAT)
Prescribed Books:
1. Tannen M.L., Banking Law and Practice in India
2. Singh Avtar (Dr.), Negotiable Instrument Act

58
3. Megrah Maurice & Ryder F.R., Law of Banking
4. Gupta S.N., Banks and the Customer Protection Law
5. Chorley Lord, Law of Banking
6. Faizi O.P., The Negotiable Instrument Act
Prescribed Legislations:
1. Banking Regulation Act, 1949
2. Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934
3. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881
4. Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007
5. Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992
6. Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002
7. Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999
8. SARFAESI ACT, 2002

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fifth Year) IX Semester

Paper III

Optional Paper-II (any one) Credit- 04

(a) Human Rights Law and Practice
The course shall comprise of the following:
Unit (1)
a) Meaning and Concept of Human Rights
b) Evolution and Development of Human Rights Law: National and International Perspective
c) Natural Rights, Legal Rights, and Human Rights-Classification of Human Rights
Unit (2)
a) Human Rights and the United Nations Charter
b) Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its significance
c) International Covenants and the Protocols:
International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural
Rights,1966;
International Conventions on Civil & Political Rights, 1966
Unit (3)
a) Human Rights in India; Human Rights and Indian Constitution
b) The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993: (a) National Human Rights Commission (b)
State Human Rights Commission (c) Human Rights Courts
c) Judicial activism & Protection of Human Rights in India,

59
d) Role of non-governmental organizations in the Promotion and Protection of Human
Rights;
Unit (4)
Programmes and Polices:
(a) Integrated Child Development Scheme
(b) School Education and Mid-day meal
(c) Rural Health and Employment
(d) Welfare Schemes
Unit (5)
(a) Promotion of Human Rights:
Role of Civil Society and the Media
Role of Educational Institutions
b) Human Rights and Challenges of Globalization
c) Human Rights and Media Trial
d) Human Rights and Environmental Concerns
e) Human Rights in the Digital Age
Suggested Readings:
1) The UN Charter, 1945
2) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948
3) The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993
4) S.K. Kapoor, Human Rights under International Law & Indian Law (Central Law Agency)
5) Dr S.K. Kapoor's International Law and Human Rights (Central Law Agency)
6) V.R. Krishna Iyer, The Dialectics and Dynamics of Human Rights in India (Eastern Book
House)
7) Wallace, International Human Rights, (Sweet & Maxwell)

60
(b) Information Technology Law
Unit (1)
a) The Information Technology Act, 2000
b) History, Object, Scope, and Commencement of the Act.
c) Overview of a Computer, Computer Network, and the Internet
Unit (2)
(a) E-Governance, Attribution, Acknowledgement and Despatch
of Electronic Records
(b) Digital Signature and Secure Digital Signature
(c) Authorities- Controller, Certifying Authorities, Adjudicating Officer and
The Appellate Tribunal under Chapter X of IT Act, 2000
Unit (3)
Contravention and Offences under IT Act, 2000
Power of Police Officers and Jurisdiction
Unit (4)
Cyber Space- Intellectual Property Rights.
Liability of Network Service Providers
(a) U.S.A.
(b) U.K.
(c) India
Unit (5)
Corresponding Provisions under Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Electronic Records and Electronic Documents under Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
Amendments to The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934
Unit (6)
a) Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
b) Overview, Objective and Salient features
c) Personal Data and Personal Data breach
Prescribed Books:
1) Information Technology Act, 2000
2) Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023
3) Vakul Sharma, Information Technology Law and Practice (8th Edition, Lexis Nexis 2023)
4) Dr. S.R. Myneni, Information Technology Law (Cyber Laws); (3rd Edition, Asia Law
House 2023)

61
5) Talat Fatima, Cyber Crimes (Eastern Book Company)
6) Pawan Duggal, Textbook on Cyber Law (Universal Law Publication)

(c) Patent Law

The course shall comprise of the following:
Unit 1
(1) Evolution and Development of Patent Law
(2) International Conventions/Treaties on Patent
(a) Paris Convention.
(b) Patent Cooperation Treaty
(c) WTO- TRIPs
(d) Harmonization of CBD and TRIPs
Unit 2 Indian Patent Law
(1) The Patents Act, 1970 with its amendments
(2) Patentable Subject Matter, Patentability Criteria
(3) Procedure for Filing Patent Applications and Patent Granting Procedure
(4) Revocation, Patent Infringement and Remedies
(5) Public Interest Provisions for Preventing abuse of Patent Rights
Unit 3
(1) Relevent Provisions of the biological Diversity act 2002.
(2) Acess and benefit sharing Issue
Unit 4
Biological Patenting
Pharmaceutical Patenting
Prescribed Books:
1) The Patents Act, 1970
2) B.L. Wadehra, Law relating to Intellectual Property (Universal Law Publication)
3) V.K. Ahuja, Law relating to Intellectual Property Rights, (Lexis Nexis)
4) Dr. M.K. Bhandari, Law Relating to Intellectual Property Rights (Central Law
Publications)
5) K.C. Kankanala & others, Indian Patent Law and Practice (Oxford India Paperbacks)
6) Pratibha M. Singh on Patent Law (Thomson Reuters)

62
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fifth Year) IX Semester
Paper IV

Optional Paper-III (any one) Credit- 04

(a) Penology & Victimology
Unit 1 Meaning, aim, and scope of Penology
Unit 2 Tackling the problem of Criminality- Penology
a) Concept of Punishment
b) Theories of Punishment
(i) Deterrent Theory
(ii) Retributive Theory
(iii) Preventive Theory
(iv) Reformative Theory
c) Kinds of Punishment under the Indian Penal Code (Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023)
d) Capital Punishment
Unit 3 Alternatives to Punishment
a) Open Jails
b) Probation - Meaning and nature, main features of Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 and
Sec. 360 of Cr.P.C (401 of Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023)
c) Parole
Unit 4 Prison System
a) Introduction
b) Evolution of the Prison System.
c) Prison reforms in India
d) Prison objectives and problems
e) Prisoner's Rights
Unit 5 Juvenile delinquency - Nature and Control measures with special reference to the
Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection Act) 2000 (with 2015 and 2021 amendments)
Unit 6
Meaning and Importance of Victimology
Recognition and development of victim's rights.
Judicial attitude towards rights of victims.
Legislative measures for compensation to the Victims of Crime

63
Prescribed Books:
• Barnes and Teeters - New Horizons of Criminology
• Sutherland, E.H. - Principles of Criminology
• Paranjape, N.V. - Criminology and Penology
• Siddique Ahmad- Criminology and Penology
• Srivastava S.S. - Criminology and Criminal Administration

(b)Cyber Crimes (Information Technology Offences)

Unit 1: Cyber Space
Fundamentals of Cyber Space Understanding Cyber Space
The Interface of Technology and Law Defining Cyber Laws

Unit 2: Jurisdiction in CyberSpace

Concept of Jurisdiction Internet Jurisdiction
Indian Context of Jurisdiction
International Position of Internet Jurisdiction Cases in Cyber Jurisdiction

Unit 3: Understanding Cyber Crimes

Defining Crime Crime in the context of the Internet –Actus Rea/ Mens Rea Types of crime in
the Internet Computing damage in Internet crime

Unit 4: Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita,2023, Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam,2023 and Information

Technology Act ,2000 & Cyber Crimes Fraud Hacking Mischief Tresspass Defamation
Cyber Stalking
CyberTerrorim

Unit 5: Obscenity and Pornography

Internet and Potential of Obscenity (BNS,2023 and IT ACT,2000), Law on Obscenity &
Pornography, International efforts
Changes in Indian Law

Unit 6: Penalties & Offences under the IT Act

Offenses under the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita,2023, Investigation & adjudication issues
Prescribed legislation:
1.Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita,2023
2.Bhartiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita,2023

64
3.Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam,2023
4. Information Technology Act,2000
5. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 (with amendments 2021

Prescribed Books:
1. Cyber Law & Cyber Crimes by Advocate Prashant Mali; Snow White Publications,
Mumbai
2. Cyber Law in India by Farooq Ahmad; Pioneer Books
3. Information Technology Law and Practice by Vakul Sharma; Universal Law Publishing
Co. Pvt. Ltd.
4. The Indian Cyber Law by Suresh T. Vishwanathan; Bharat Law House New Delhi
5. Guide to Cyber and E-Commerce Laws by P.M. Bukshi and R.K. Suri; Bharat Law
House, New Delhi
6. Guide to Cyber Laws by Rodney D. Ryder; Wadhwa and Company, Nagpur

(c) White-collar Crime

Unit 1 Introduction
1.1 Nature, Concept & Scope of White Collar Crime
1.2 White Collar Crime vs. Traditional Crime
1.3 Sutherland's view on White Collar Crime; Criticism of Sutherland's view
1.4 Theories of White-Collar Crimes: Social Learning Theory
1.5 Theory of Differential Association.
Unit 2 White Collar Crime in India
2.1 Hoarding, Black-marketing & Adulteration
2.2 Tax evasion
2.3 White collar crime in different professions Medical, Engineering, Legal, and Educational
Institutions
2.4 White Collar Crime in Business
2.5 Fake employment/placement rackets
Unit 3 The Prevention of Corruption
3.1 Salient Features of the Act
3.2 Offences committed by Public Servant & bribe giver
3.3 Sanction for Prosecution
3.4 Presumption where public servant accepts gratification
3.5 Prosecution and Penalties
Unit 4 The Prevention of Money Laundering

65
4.1 Salient Features of the Act.
4.2 Definition & Scope of Money Laundering
4.3 Survey, Search & Seizure, Attachment
4.4 Powers to arrest under the Act.
4.5 Adjudication by the Adjudicating Authorities & Special Courts
Prescribed Legislation:
1. The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988
2. The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002
Prescribed Books:
1. S.P. Singh, Socio-Economic Offences (1st Ed., 2005, Reprint 2015)
2. Ahmed Siddiqui, Criminology: Problems and Perspectives (4th Ed., 1997)
3. Seth and Capoor, Prevention of Corruption Act with a treatise on Anti-Corruption Laws
(3rd Ed., 2000)
4. C. Mehanathan, Law on Prevention of Money Laundering in India (2014)
5. N.V Paranjape, Criminology, Penology with Victimology, 16th Ed.,2014, Central Law
Publications
6. Law Commission Recommendations

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fifth Year) IX Semester

Paper V
Drafting, Pleading, and Conveyancing

Unit 1 Drafting: Credit- 04

General principles of drafting and relevant substantive rules shall be taught.

Unit 2 Pleadings

(i) Civil: Plaint, Written Statement, Interlocutory Application, Original Petition, Affidavit,
Execution Petition, Memorandum of Appeal and Revision, Petition under Articles 226 and 32
of the Constitution of India.

(ii) Criminal: Complaint, Criminal Miscellaneous Petition, Bail Application, Memorandum of

Appeal and Revision.

(iii) Conveyance: Sale Deed, Mortgage Deed, Lease Deed, Gift Deed, Promissory Note,
Power of Attorney, Will, Trust Deed

(iv) Drafting of writ petition and PIL petition

66
Prescribed Books:

1. Banerjee and Awasthi, Guide to Drafting

2. Michael Haewood, Conveyancing

3. William M.Ross, Pleading

4. G.C. Mogha & K.N. Goyal, Indian Conveyancer

LL.B. Tenth Semester

Paper-I: Principle of Taxation Law
Any three of the optional papers given in Schedule A (i)
Paper-II: Optional Paper-IV
Paper-III: Optional Paper-V
Paper-IV: Optional Paper-VI
Paper-V: Moot court exercise and internship (Clinical/Practical)
Optional Paper-IV (any one)
a. Land Laws (U.P. Revenue Code-2006)
b. Trade Mark and Design
c. International Organization
Optional Paper-V (any one)
a. Right to Information
b. Copyright Including Neighboring Rights
c. Investment Law
Optional Paper-VI (any one)
a. Trist, Equity and Fiduciary Relationship
b. Direct Taxation (Income Tax)
c. Insurance Law

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fifth Year) X Semester

Paper I
Principles of Taxation Law
The course shall comprise of the following: Credit- 04
Unit 1
(a) Introduction: Origin, History and Need of Taxation
(b) Concept of Tax and Fee, Distinction between Tax and Fee
(c) Canons of Taxation (Characteristics of a good tax system)
(d) Definitions: Persons, Assesses, Tax Pays, Previous year, Assessment years, Financial
year, Income, Gross Taxable Income, Taxable Income, Agricultural Income, Tax Evasion and
Tax Avoidance
Unit 2
(a) Constitutional provisions relating to Taxation: Nature and Scope of Tax
(b) Taxation and Right to equality

67
(c) Taxation and Freedom of Trade, Commerce, and Intercourse
(d) Residuary Power of Taxation Under Entry 97 of the Union List
(e) Judicial Review of the Orders of Tax Authorities
Unit 3
(a) Direct Taxation in India
(b) Power to levy taxes on income
(c) Heads of Income
(d) Deductions, Taxable income, and Computation of Tax Liability,
(e) Assessment Procedure and types of assessment
(f) Agricultural income and exemption from liability
Unit 4
(a) Concept of Indirect Taxes at a Glance: Background
(b) Pre-GST tax structure and deficiencies;
(e) Existing tax structure: Basic concept and overview of GST, Models of GST: CGST,
SGST, UTGST, IGST
(e) Constitutional Framework of GST
(f) Levy and collection of CGST and IGST
Unit 5
(a) Distribution of Tax Revenues between centre and states
(b) Inter-Governmental Tax Immunities in a federation
(c) Tax evasion & Black money- Causes & effects of Tax Evasion, Tax evasion distinguished
with Tax Avoidance and Tax Planning
Prescribed Books:
1) Mr. Ramesh Sharma, Supreme Court on Direct Taxes, Bharat Law House (2016)
2) Sampat Iyengar, Law of Income Tax, (13th Edition 2022)
3) Kanga and Palkiwala, The Law and Practice of Income Tax (11th Edition, Lexis Nexis
2020)
4) Vinod K. Singhania, Monica Singhania, Students' Guide to Income Tax & GST (7th
Edition, Taxmann 2024)
5) Master Guide to Income Tax Act (33rd Edition, Taxmann 2023)
6) Milind Kumar, Goods and Services Tax: Law and Practice (Eastern Book Company,
2019)

68
 BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fifth Year) X Semester
Paper II

Optional Paper -IV (any one) Credit- 04

(a) Land Laws (U.P. Revenue Code-2006)
The course shall comprise of the following:
Unit 1- Division and constitution of UP into Revenue Areas, Powers, and Functions of
Revenue Board, Commissioner, Collectors, Additional Collectors, Tehsildar, and Lekhpal.
Unit 2- Boundary and Boundary Marks – Fixation, Demarcation, Repair and Renewal,
Penalty for Damage and destruction, Settlement of boundary disputes.
Unit 3- Maintenance and revision of Village Records-Records of Rights, Mutation
Proceedings, Records and Survey Operation, Preparation of New Record of Rights.
Unit 4- Management of Land and other Properties by Gram Panchayat, Land Management
Committee, Gaon Fund, Consolidated Gaon Fund.
Unit 5- Classes and rights of Land tenures-Bhumidhar with Transferable Rights, Bhumidhar
with Non-Transferable Rights, and Asami, Declaration, bequeath, Transfer, Exchange, Lease,
Mortgage, Division.
Unit 6- Devolution-Order of Succession and Survivorship.
Unit 7- Abandonment, Surrender, Ejectment, and Declaratory Suit and Rent.
Unit 8- Revenue Courts – Jurisdiction and Procedure, First Appeal, Second Appeal, Board’s
Power of Review.
Unit 9- Salient features of the UP Consolidation of Land Holdings Act 1953.
Unit 10- Salient feature of the UP Panchayati Raj Act, 1947.

Prescribed Books:
1) Maurya R. R., Uttar Pradesh Land Laws
2) Singh D.P. Kanwal, Land Laws (Including Land Acquisition and Rent Laws)
3) Singh Yatindra, The Uttar Pradesh Imposition of Ceiling of Land Holding Act, 1960
4) Uttar Pradesh Revenue Code, 2006 as amended by U.P. Revenue Code (Amendment) Act,
2016 (4 of 2016)
5) Chaudhary Ram Naresh, Chaudhary Suni Kumar, U.P. Revenue Code, Eastern Book
Company

69
(b)Trademarks and Design
The course shall comprise of the following:
Unit 1- Introduction to Trademarks: Need and Emergence of Trade Marks Law, Definition
and concept of trademarks, Kinds of Trade Mark, International Legal Instruments on
TradeMarks
Unit 2- Indian Trademark Law: The Register and Conditions for Registration, Procedure for
and Duration of Registration, Effect of Registration, Passing-Off and Infringement of
TradeMark, The doctrine of honest Current User, The doctrine of deceptive similarity
Unit 3- Assignment and Transmission: Use of Trade Marks and Registered Users, Protection
of well-known marks, Appellate Board, Offences, Penalties and Procedure, Domain names
and Effects of New Technology (Internet)
Unit 4- An Overview of the Design Act, 2000
Prescribed Books:
1) Ashwani Kr. Bansal, Law of Trade Marks in India (2009)
2) Ashwani Kr. Bansal, Law of Designs, GIs, (2011)
3) P. Narayanan, Law of Trade Marks and Passing off (6th ed.,2004)
4) WIPO background reading material on Intellectual Property

(c) International Organisations

The course shall comprise of the following:
Unit 1- Development of International Organisations:
Development of International Organisations in Historical Perspective; Establishment of
International Organisations: Rationale; Concept and Nature of International Organizations;
Progress of Mankind Towards International Organization; Individual Visions and Organized
Peace Movement; Critical Approaches to IOs: TWAIL, feminist perspective and Marxist
perspective
Unit 2- Concepts, Powers, and Responsibility:
Definition, Classification of International Organisations, Legal Personality, Powers- express,
implied and inherent, Responsibility, Immunities, and Privileges
Unit 3- International Organisations and Formation of International Law: IOs and the
making of treaties, IOs and creation of customary international law
Unit 4- United Nations:
Institutional Structure and Functions: International Structure of the UN, UN reforms,
Functions- regulation of the use of force and international peace and security (UNGA,
UNSC)
Unit 5- A Comparative View of the League Covenant and the U.N. Charter
Unit 6- The United Nations: Genesis and Creation
Purposes and Principles, Membership, Legal Capacity, Privileges and Immunities,
Composition, Powers and Functions, Achievements of the United Nations;

70
Unit 7- Review and Revision of the Charter
Unit 8- Specialized Agencies:
Concept, Relationship with UN, UNESCO, ILO, WTO
Unit 9- International Judicial Institutions:
International Court of Justice, International Criminal Court
Unit 10- Regional Organizations

Prescribed Books:
1) C.F. Amersinghe, Principles of the International Law of International Organisations
(Cambridge University Press, 2005)
2) Jan Klabbers, An Introduction to International Organisations Law (Cambridge
University Press, 3rd ed., 2015)
3) Simon Chesterman, Thomas Franck, and David M. Malone, Law and Practice of United
Nations (Oxford University Press, 2008)

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fifth Year) X Semester

Paper III

Optional Paper-V (any one) Credit- 04

(a) Right to Information
The course comprises the following:
Unit 1
Conceptual Background: Right to know, Open Government and Transparency in Governance
Unit 2
Privilege to withhold disclosure of Documents/Information:
Comparative analysis of Laws in other Common Law - countries with special
reference to (i) England (ii) U.S.A.
Unit 3
Privilege to withhold documents and the law in India - with special reference to:
(i) Indian Evidence Act, 1872
(ii) Indian Telegraph Act, 1885
(iii) The Official Secret Act, 1923
(iv) The Atomic Energy Act, 1962
(v) The RIGHT TO INFORMATION (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2019

71
Unit 4
Right to Information and Legislative Measures in India
Efforts/attempts made to legislate the Right to Information (Amendment) Act, 2019
Unit 5
Right to Information (Amendment)Act, 2019
(i) Right to information and Obligation of Public Authorities
(a) Designation of Public Information Officer
(b) Request for obtaining information
(c) Disposal of request
(d) Third Party Information
(ii)The State Information Commission: Constitution, Powers and Function
(iii) The Central Information Commission: Constitution, Powers and Function
(iv) Appeal and Penalties
Unit 6
Right to-Information and Judiciary: Supreme Court on Right to Information,
-Electoral reforms, privilege, and immunities of journalists involved in legal reporting
Prescribed Books:
1. N.V Paranjape, Right to Information Law in India, LexisNexis
2. Dr. S. R. Myneni, Right to Information Law, Asia Law House (4th ed.)
4.Dr. Dewakar & Dr. Abha Yadav
5. P.K. Das, The Right to Information Act, Universal Law Publishing, (5th ed.)

(b)Copyright Including Neighbouring Rights

The course shall comprise of the following:
Unit 1
Concept of Copyright a kind of Intellectual Property
Nature, Origin, and Development of Copyright
Unit 2
Role of International Institutions: International Conventions/ Treaties on Copyright
(a) Berne Convention
(b) Universal Copyright Convention, Rome Convention
Unit 3
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and Copyright
Unit 4
Meaning of copyright

72
(a) Copyright in literary, dramatic, and musical works
(b) Copyright in sound records and cinematograph films
(c) Copyright in a computer program

Unit 5
Registration of Copyright and Term of Copyright
Ownership of copyright, Assignments and Licensing
Unit 6
Author's special rights
Neighboring Rights
Unit 7
Copyright Office and Copyright Board, Collective Administration of Copyright-Copyright
Societies
Unit 8
Infringements and Remedies - Contractual, Civil, Criminal, and Administrative (Remedies,
especially, the possibility of Anton pillar injunctive relief in India.)
Prescribed Books:
1. D.P. Mittal, Law of Copyright, Commercial Law Publishers
2. D. Llewelyn and T. Aplin
3. V.K. Ahuja, Law of Copyright and Neighboring Rights
4. Dr. Avtar Singh & Prof. (Dr.) Harpreet Kaur

(c) Investment Law

The course shall consist of the following:
Unit 1
Meaning of Investment and Securities.
Unit 2
Legal Regulations of Investment in Securities - Shares and Debentures of a Company:
(a) Private Company
(b) Public Company
(c) Other Companies
Unit 3
Legal Regulations of Investment in Securities Listed at Stock Exchange:
(a) General Knowledge of the Stock Exchange
(b) Procedure for Buying / Selling Corporate Securities through Stock Exchange
(c) Role and Functions of the Securities Exchange Board of India.

73
Unit 4
Legal Regulations of Portfolio Investment in Corporate Securities
Legal Regulations of Investment through Mutual Funds
Legal Regulations of Fixed Deposits with Companies and Rights of Depositors
Unit 5
Legal Regulations of Investment through Life Insurance Schemes, Unit-Linked Insurance
Plan, Public Provident Fund, National Saving Schemes, Units, Post-Office Scheme, Deposits
in Bank and Other Schemes in the Form of Bonds.
Legal Regulations of Foreign Investment in Indian Securities and Indian Investments in
Foreign Securities;
Unit 6
Law Relating to the Protection of Investors
(a) Pre-Investment
(b) Post-Investment
Prescribed Books:
1. Prasanna Chandra, Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management, Second Edition
2. Benjamin Graham, The Intelligent Investor
3. Pulak Prasad, What I learned about Investing from Darwin
4. Pranjal Kamra, Investonomy: The Stock Market Guide that Makes You Rich
5. V.K. Bhalla, Fundamentals of Investment Management

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fifth Year) X Semester

Paper IV

Optional Paper-VI (any one) Credit- 04

(a) Law of Trust, Equity, and Fiduciary Relation

Unit -1. Trust

a) Concept of trust
b) Nature And Definition of Trust
c) Distinction between agency and contract
d) Kinds Of Trusts
e) Constructive Trust
f) Creations Of Trusts
g) Charitable Trusts and their Distinction with Private Trusts
h) Public trust doctrine
i) Rights, Duties, Powers, And Liabilities of Trustees

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j) Rights And Liabilities of Beneficiaries
k) Extinction Of Trust

Unit 2. Equity

a) Origin And Growth of Equity

b) Fusion Of Common Law and Equity Jurisdiction
c) Position Of Equity Under the Indian Legal System
d) Doctrine of Equity
e) Election, Mortgage once a mortgage always a mortgage.
f) Clog on redemption, Foreclosure
g) Maxims Of Equity:
• Equity Will Not Suffer Harm to Be Without Remedy
• Equity Follows the Law
• Where Equities Are Equal the Law Shall Prevail
• Where Equities Are Equal the First in Time Shall Prevail
• He Who Seeks Equity Must Do Equity
• He Who Comes to Equity Must Come with Clean Hands
• Delay Defeats Equity
• Equality Is Equity
• Equity Looks to The Intent Rather Than to Form
• Equity Acts in Personam

Prescribed Books:
• Principles Of Equity- G.P.Singh
• Equity, Trust, And Fiduciary Relations- Aquil Ahmed
• Equity, Trust, And Mortgages: J.J.R. Upadhyay
• Samya, Nyas- G.P. Singh
• S. Krishnamurthy Aiyar, Principles and Digest of Trusts laws
• R.H. Mandsley and E.H. Burn, Trust and Trustees
• Philip H. Pettit, Equity and Law of Trust

(b)Direct Taxation (Income Tax Act,1961)

Unit–1
1. Income Tax Act Basic concepts of charges of tax
2. Definitions
3. Residential status of assesses–its impact on tax liability

Unit–2
1. General concepts
2. Chargeability to tax-admissible & inadmissible deductions, exclusions and deductions
from income
3. Set off and carry forward of losses.
4. Salaries
5. Income from House Property
6. Income from Profits of Profession and business
7. Capital Gains
8. Income from other sources

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9. Clubbing of income

Unit-3
1. Powers & functions
2. Assessment
3. Allotment of permanent account number
4. Economic criteria scheme.

Unit–4
1. Appeal
2. Revision
3. Reference
4. Rectification

Unit–5
1. Prosecutions under Income Tax Act,1961
2. Non-compliance
3. Contravention
4. Avoidance
5. Evasion of tax
6. Penalties

Prescribed Legislation:
The Income Tax Act,1961

Prescribed Books:
• Principles of Taxation Law by Dr. Neha Pathakji
• Income Tax Law & Accounts by Dr. H.C. Mehrotra and Dr. S. P. Goyal
• Law of Taxation by Dr. S.R. Myeni

(c) Insurance Law

Unit 1
Introduction, Meaning of Insurance, Historical Aspect, Characteristic of Insurance, Nature of
Insurance Contract

Unit 2
Theory of Cooperation, Theory of Probability, Principles of Insurance, Utmost Good Faith,
Insurance Interest

Unit 3
Re-Insurance, Double Insurance, Insurance & Wages, Types of Insurance:
Life Insurance
Marine Insurance
Fire Insurance &
Miscellaneous Insurance

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Unit 4
Indemnity, Subrogation, Causa Proxima, Mitigation of Loss, Attachment of Risk,
Contribution
Constitution, Function, and Powers of Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority
Application of Consumer Protection Act, 1986

Prescribed Books:
1. M.N. Mishra, Law of Insurance
2. C. Rangarajan, Handbook of Insurance and Allied Laws

BA. LL.B. Five Years Course (Fifth Year) X Semester

Paper V
Moot Court Exercise and Internship
Credit- 04
This paper may have three components of 30 marks each and a viva for 10 marks

• Moot Court: Every student will do at least three moot courts in a year. The moot court work
will be on assigned problems.

• Observance of Trial in Two Cases, One Civil and One Criminal. Students will attend Two
Trials. They will maintain a record and enter the various steps observed during their on
different days in the court assignment. Attendance.

• Interviewing techniques and Pre-trial preparations and Internship diary.

Each student will observe two interviewing sessions of clients at the lawyer's office / legal aid
office and record the proceedings in a diary. Each student will further observe the preparation
of documents and court papers by the Advocate and the procedure for the filing of the
suit/petition.

Prescribed Books:

1.Prof.(Dr.) Rajni Malhotra, Legal Research and Moot Court

2. Dr. Kailash Rai, Moot Court, Pre-Trial Preparations and Participation in Trial
Proceedings

3. Abhinandan Malik, Moot Courts and Mooting

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