Management

Information Systems
MANAGING THE DIGITAL FIRM, 12TH EDITION

Chapter 7
TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Telecommunications and Networking in Todays Business World

Networking and communicaBon Trends

Convergence:
Telephone networks and computer networks converging into single digital network using Internet standards E.g. cable companies providing voice service

Broadband:
More than 60% U.S. Internet users have broadband access

Broadband wireless:
Voice and data communicaAon as well as Internet access are increasingly taking place over broadband wireless plaCorms
2 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Telecommunications and Networking in Todays Business World

What is a computer network?

Two or more connected computers Major components in simple network
Client computer Server computer Network interfaces (NICs) ConnecAon medium Network operaAng system Hub or switch

Routers
Device used to route packets of data through dierent networks, ensuring that data sent gets to the correct address
3 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Telecommunications and Networking in Todays Business World

Components of networks in large companies

Hundreds of local area networks (LANs) linked to rmwide corporate network Various powerful servers
Web site Corporate intranet, extranet Backend systems

Mobile wireless LANs (Wi-Fi networks) Videoconferencing system Telephone network Wireless cell phones
4 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Telecommunications and Networking in Todays Business World

Key networking technologies

Client/server compuBng
Distributed compuAng model Clients linked through network controlled by network server computer Server sets rules of communicaAon for network and provides every client with an address so others can nd it on the network Has largely replaced centralized mainframe compuAng The Internet: Largest implementaAon of client/server compuAng

Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Telecommunications and Networking in Todays Business World

Key networking technologies (cont.)

Packet switching
Method of slicing digital messages into parcels (packets), sending packets along dierent communicaAon paths as they become available, and then reassembling packets at desAnaAon Previous circuit-switched networks required assembly of complete point-to-point circuit Packet switching more ecient use of networks communicaAons capacity

Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Telecommunications and Networking in Todays Business World

Key networking technologies (cont.)

TCP/IP and connecBvity
ConnecBvity between computers enabled by protocols Protocols: Rules that govern transmission of informaAon between two points Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
Common worldwide standard that is basis for Internet

Department of Defense reference model for TCP/IP

Four layers 1. ApplicaAon layer 2. Transport layer 3. Internet layer 4. Network interface layer

Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Telecommunications and Networking in Todays Business World

Signals: digital vs. analog

Modem: Translates digital signals into analog form

Types of networks
Local-area networks (LANs)
Campus-area networks (CANs) Peer-to-peer Topologies: star, bus, ring

Metropolitan and wide-area networks

Wide-area networks (WANs) Metropolitan-area networks (MANs)
8 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Telecommunications and Networking in Todays Business World

Physical transmission media

Twisted wire (modems) Coaxial cable Fiber opBcs and opBcal networks
Dense wavelength division mulAplexing (DWDM)

Wireless transmission media and devices

Microwave Satellites Cellular telephones

Transmission speed (hertz, bandwidth)

9 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The Global Internet

What is the Internet? Internet Addressing and Architecture

The Domain Name System Hierarchical structure Top-level domains Internet Architecture and Governance No formal management: IAB, ICANN, W3C The Future Internet: IPv6 and Internet2
10 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The Global Internet

Internet services include the following:

E-mail Cha^ng and instant messaging Newsgroups Telnet File Transfer Protocol (FTP) World Wide Web VoIP Virtual private network (VPN)
11 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The Global Internet

The World Wide Web

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language):
Formats documents for display on Web

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP):

CommunicaAons standard used for transferring Web pages

Uniform resource locators (URLs):

Addresses of Web pages
E.g. h`p://www.megacorp.com/content/features/082602.html

Web servers
Sobware for locaAng and managing Web pages
12 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The Global Internet

The World Wide Web (cont.)

Search engines
Started in early 1990s as relaAvely simple sobware programs using keyword indexes Today, major source of Internet adverAsing revenue via search engine markeAng, using complex algorithms and page ranking techniques to locate results

Shopping bots
Use intelligent agent sobware for searching Internet for shopping informaAon
13 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The Global Internet

Web 2.0
Four dening features
1. 2. 3. 4. InteracAvity Real-Ame user control Social parAcipaAon User-generated content Cloud compuAng Blogs/RSS Mashups & widgets Wikis Social networks
14

Technologies and services behind these features

Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The Global Internet

Web 3.0 the SemanBc Web

Eort of W3C to add meaning to exisAng Web Make searching more relevant to user

Other visions
More intelligent compuAng 3D Web Pervasive Web Increase in cloud compuAng, SaaS Ubiquitous connecAvity between mobile and other access devices Make Web a more seamless experience
15 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The Wireless Revolution

Cellular systems
CompeBng standards for cellular service
CDMA: United States GSM: Rest of world, plus AT&T and T-Mobile

Third-generaBon (3G) networks

Suitable for broadband Internet access 144 Kbps 2Mbps

4G networks
EnArely packet-switched 100 Mbps 1Gbps
16 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The Wireless Revolution

Wireless computer networks and Internet access

Bluetooth (802.15)
Links up to 8 devices in 10-m area Useful for personal networking (PANs) and in business to transmit data from handheld devices to other transmi`ers

Wi-Fi (802.11)
Set of standards: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n Used for wireless LAN and wireless Internet access Use access points: Device with radio receiver/transmi`er for connecAng wireless devices to a wired LAN
17 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The Wireless Revolution

Wireless computer networks and Internet access

Wi-Fi (cont.)
Hotspots: Access points in public place to provide maximum wireless coverage for a specic area Weak security features

WiMax (802.16)
Wireless access range of 31 miles Require WiMax antennas Sprint Nextel building WiMax network as foundaAon for 4G networks
18 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The Wireless Revolution

Radio frequency idenBcaBon (RFID)

Use Bny tags with embedded microchips containing data about an item and locaBon, and antenna Tags transmit radio signals over short distances to special RFID readers, which send data over network to computer for processing AcBve RFID: Tags have ba`eries, data can be rewri`en, range is hundreds of feet, more expensive Passive RFID: Range is shorter, also smaller, less expensive, powered by radio frequency energy
19 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The Wireless Revolution

Radio frequency idenBcaBon (RFID) (cont.) Common uses: Automated toll-collecAon Tracking goods in a supply chain Requires companies to have special hardware and sogware ReducBon in cost of tags making RFID viable for many rms
20 Prentice Hall 2011

Management Information Systems

CHAPTER 7: TELECOMMUNICATIONS, THE INTERNET, AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The Wireless Revolution

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs)

Networks of hundreds or thousands of interconnected wireless devices embedded into physical environment to provide measurements of many points over large spaces
Devices have built-in processing, storage, and radio frequency sensors and antennas Require low-power, long-lasAng ba`eries and ability to endure in the eld without maintenance

Used to monitor building security, detect hazardous substances in air, monitor environmental changes, trac, or military acBvity
21 Prentice Hall 2011