Summary of Disaster Mitigation and Management - Module 03
This document outlines the basic principles of disaster management, covering the disaster
management cycle, disaster management policy, the roles of international, national, and state-
level bodies, and the role of NGOs in disaster management.
Key Topics Covered:
1. Disaster Management Cycle:
Prevention and Mitigation: Proactive measures to reduce the likelihood and impact of
disasters through risk assessment, structural measures (building codes, flood control),
and non-structural measures (land-use planning, public education).
Preparedness: Planning and preparing for potential disasters through emergency
plans, training personnel, communication systems, stockpiling resources, and
community-based preparedness.
Response: Immediate actions during a disaster to save lives, protect property, and
minimize damage through emergency plan activation, responder deployment, essential
service provision (search & rescue, medical care, shelter), and addressing immediate
needs (food, water, temporary shelter).
Recovery and Rehabilitation: Long-term efforts to rebuild and restore the affected
community through infrastructure repair, service restoration, economic assistance, and
addressing social and psychological impacts, with community participation.
2. Disaster Management Policy:
National Policy Framework: Aims to build a safe and disaster-resilient India through
proactive, multi-disaster, and technology-driven strategies.
Key Objectives: Reduce disaster-related losses, minimize socio-economic impacts, build
a culture of preparedness, strengthen institutional capacity, and promote sustainable
development.
Implementation: The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) coordinates
efforts, provides guidance, and promotes public awareness, with updates addressing
climate change and technology.
3. Role of International, National, and State Level Bodies in Disaster Management:
International Level:
United Nations (UN): Coordinates international relief, provides guidance, and
supports policy development through agencies like UNDRR and WHO.
World Health Organization (WHO): Focuses on public health aspects, disease
prevention, and health service delivery.
World Bank: Provides financial support for disaster risk reduction and recovery.
Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF): Provides rapid
medical care in emergencies.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC):
Provides emergency relief, long-term recovery support, and disaster preparedness
training.
Oxfam International: Provides emergency relief, such as food, water, sanitation,
and shelter and supporting livelihoods and promoting disaster risk reduction.
CARE International: Provides emergency relief, including food, water, and hygiene
kits.
Save the Children: Provides children with food, shelter, education, and
psychosocial support.
International Rescue Committee (IRC): Provides emergency relief, including food,
water, shelter, and medical care.
Islamic Relief Worldwide: Responds to emergencies with food aid, water and
sanitation, shelter, and medical care.
National Level:
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): Formulates policies, guidelines,
and plans for disaster management.
Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA): Coordinates disaster response and relief efforts.
Indian Meteorological Department (IMD): Provides weather forecasts and early
warnings.
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF): A specialized force for disaster
response and rescue operations
State Level:
State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA): Implements disaster management
plans and coordinates response efforts.
State Disaster Response Force (SDRF): Assists in rescue and relief operations.
District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs): Implements disaster
management plans at the district level.
Kerala State Disaster Management Authority (KSDMA): Formulates policies,
conducts risk assessments, develops preparedness plans, coordinates efforts,
engages communities, and supports recovery.
Key Roles and Responsibilities: Policy formulation, risk assessment, preparedness
planning, response and relief, recovery and rehabilitation, capacity building, and
coordination.
4. Role of NGOs in Disaster Management:
Empowering Communities: NGOs lead in reducing disaster risk and building resilient
communities by empowering them to respond effectively to disasters.
Local Knowledge: Empowered communities can provide first aid, run search and
rescue, and get help from their neighbors right away.
Resilient Infrastructure: NGOs teach communities how to build resilient infrastructure
that would help to reduce risk. This way, communities can build safer homes, strengthen
existing structures, and create early warning systems to help reduce
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