TARGET NEET 2025

NEET MOCK TEST - 3

SOLUTIONS
 HINTS & SOLUTIONS

PHYSICS
1. (2) From graph V  KI 2 where K = constant. Wee If radius becomes 3R and density remains same,
then ve  3  11  33 km / s
know P  VI  P  KI 3 .
So, the correct option is (2). 9. (2)
2. (1) Area of F  t curve  A  Impulse
Impulse  p  A  Mv  0
A 1 1 A2 A2
v   K .E  Mv 2  M 2 
M 2 2 M 2M
3. (1) Time period of a simple pendulum is given by Since deflection in galvanometer is zero, so current
will flow as shown in the given diagram.
T  2 L / g
VA
dT 1 dL dT 1 dL Current, I 
   100    100 R1  R2
T 2 L T 2 L
1 12 12
  5%  2.5% . So Statement I is true. I  A
2 500  100 600

L 12
As, VB  IR2  VB   100  2V
Statement II is T  2 , hence it is the correct 600
g
10. (4) (A) is correct as photoelectron count increases
explanation. So, the correct option is (1). with light intensity, (B) is correct as number of
4. (1) For resonance,   0 , hence both inductor and photoelectrons emitted does not depend on
capacitor must be present. Also power factor is zero frequency and (C) is correct since there’s no
for pure inductor or pure capacitor. Hence both the minimum intensity required, only a threshold
component consume zero average power. So, the frequency matters. So correct option is (4).
correct option is (1).  
11. (1) Given that A  2iˆ  3 ˆj and B  4iˆ  5 ˆj
dx  
5. (4) The velocity of a particle is v    A1  A2 t (A) A  B  6iˆ  8 ˆj
dt
dv  
Acceleration a   A2 (B) | A  B | 62  82  10
dt  
So, acceleration is A2. (C) A  B  (2iˆ  3 ˆj )  (4iˆ  5 ˆj )  2iˆ  2 ˆj
6. (4) When a magnetizing field is applied to a bar of  
steel, its magnetization initially increases as more (D) | A  B | (2) 2  (2) 2  2 2 .
domains align with the field. However, after a
certain point, all magnetic domains become aligned Q
12. (2) Molar heat capacity C  (n = 1)
this is called magnetic saturation. Beyond this T
point, even if the magnetizing field is increased, For a diatomic gas the change in internal energy is
the magnetization remains constant. Hence, 2 U
5 
magnetization increases and then becomes constant U   R  T  T 
2  5R
at saturation. So correct option is (4).
7. (3) In Rutherford’s  -particle scattering Q 5(Q) R 10
experiment, most particles pass straight (detected C   R (given)
T 2 U 3
at R), some are deflected (detected at Q), and a
few are reflected back (detected at P), confirming Q 4
 (1)
the nucleus is small and dense. U 3
8. (3) Escape velocity on earth is given by From first law of thermodynamics
4 U  Q  W (2)
G   R3
GM 3
ve    ve  R  Q 4 Q
R R From (1) and (2) Q  W  3  W 
4

1
 t
 2S
13. (2) Here, B  B0 e  P 
R
Area of the circular loop, A   r 2 Hydrostatic pressure at a depth h from surface
Flux linked with the loop at any time, t, P   gh . So, the correct option is (2).
t

  BA   r 2 B0 e 
3
18. (4) Given that i1  i2  A
d 1  t 4
Emf induced in the loop,      r 2 B0 e 
dt  As A    i1  i2
Net heat generated in the loop
3 3 A 60
2 2 2    i1  i2  A  A A A   30
 dH   
4 4 2 2
P    H   dt
R dt R 0 R
 2 r 4 B02 2t d 3 y d  d  dy   L
H 

e

 dt 19. (2)       3  L2  M 0 L2T 0
 2R 
0 dx 3
dx  dx  dx   L

 2 r 4 B02 1  2t  b
   e   ydx  LL  L
2
 M 0 L2T 0
 2R  2  0
  a
  Both Assertion and reason are true but Reason
 2 r 4 B02  2 r 4 B02 is not the correct explanation of assertion. So,
   (0  1) 
2 2 R 2 R correct option is (2).
14. (2) By work-energy theorem W  K
2
 2
20. (4) Q   t   t   t
3

v f  3(2)  4  16 m/s
dQ
vi  3(0)2  4  4 m/s i
dt

   2 t  3 t 2 
1 1
W 
2
 2

m v 2f  vi2  W   1  162  42   di 
  6 t  2   0  t 
1 dt 3
 W   240 W  120 J 2
2        2 
imin     2     3        
dV d   3   3    3 

15. (1) E  
dx

dx

5 x 2  10 x  9  10 x  10 
21. (4) E  W0  K max . Energy of each photon is given
 ( E ) x 1  10  1  10  20 V / m
12375
16. (1) Boron is trivalent and arsenic is pentavalent so by E  eV . From the given data E is 6.78

adding boron and arsenic to Si creates P-type and eV (for   1824Å ) or 10.17 eV (for   1216Å )
N-type semiconductors respectively. P-type has
excess holes and N-type has excess electrons. W0  E  K max  6.78  5.3  1.48eV
When P  N junction is formed an electric field or W0  10.17  8.7  1.47eV
is generated which is directed from N-side to 1
P-side due to which barrier potential arises and W0  (1.48  1.47)eV  1.475 eV
2
majority charge carrier can not flow through the
junction due to barrier potential so current is zero l
22. (4) As  r  l  r 
unless we apply forward bias voltage. Correct 
option is (1). Moment of inertia of a ring of mass 2m about its
2
2 r (   )g 1
17. (2) Terminal velocity vT  diameter   2m  r 2
9  2
Pressure difference across the surface of a bubble  Moment of inertia of semicircle
2
4S 1   l   ml 2
P   m     2
R 2      2
Pressure difference across the surface of a drop

2
23. (3) When two parallel conductors seperated by 2r
2
and carrying current I and 2I in same direction, V
s 2 2
the magnetic field at the midpoint is For water  3    s  gm/cc
1 V 3 3
B 0 2 I 0 I 0 I
   1
4 2 r 2 r 2 r V
 1
When current 2I is switched off, the magnetic For liquid s  4   4  s  l
l V 4
field due to conductor carrying current I is
0 I B 8
 .  l  gm /cc
2 r 4 3
dq d 31. (2) Angular width   
24. (3) I D    q0 sin 2 nt   2 nq0 cos(2 nt )
dt dt 1 1  6000
     2  4200 Å
25. (3) For an open pipe in n th
mode of vibration,  2 2 70 2

100
nv
 vn 0 
2l Displacement
For a closed pipe, 32. (4) vav 
time
v 1
 vn c  (2n  1) vav  (final velocity + initial velocity) is valid
4l 2
v  only for constant acceleration. So, the correct
n 
 vn o  2l   2n option is (4).

 vn c (2n  1)
v 2n  1
2mK
4l 33. (3) r  Given that r is constant
qB
26. (2) Ne 20  2He4  C12
 ( B  E )  ( BE ) final – ( BE )initial q2
 q  mK  K 
   2  7.07  4   7.86  12    20  8.03 MeV m
 9.72MeV (  ) ve sign shows that energy is to K q
2
 mp  2q p
2
 mp
be supplied to the reaction.          1
27. (2)The initial and final momentums of the ball K p  q p  m
 qp
  4m p
before and after collision are  K  25 eV
 
pi  0.15  12(iˆ) , p f  0.15  12(iˆ) 34. (2) The energy of an electron in the nth orbit of
  
p  p f  pi  3.6 kg  m / s 13.6
hydrogen is En   2 eV . For n  3 ,
3.6  F t  3.6  100t  t  0.036 sec n
28. (3) In configuration III the fields Produced by 13.6
E3   eV . To knock it out, energy
opposite charges cancel each other. So the net field 9
is zero at the centre. So correct option is (3) 13.6
needed  E3  eV
9
dI  08 35. (3) Total energy of a satellite of mass m in the
29. (2) Induced emf   L  0.4   volt
dt  0.2  GM E m
earth’s orbit is E  (r - radius of orbit)
= 16 volt. 2r
30. (3) When a body floats Initial total energy of the satellite is
Fb  Fg  lV g   sVg GM E m
Ei  
 V 4 RE
 s  , where  s is the density of solid and
l V Final total energy of the satellite is
l is the density of liquid. V  is the volume of the GM E m
submerged part of solid and V is the total volume Ef  
8 RE
of the solid.

3
 The change in the total energy is E  E f  Ei 40. (3) The given net worth can be redrawn as

GM E m  GM E m  GM E m
E    
8 RE  4 RE  8RE
Thus, the energy required to transfer the satellite
GM E m 16 R
to the desired orbit  RAB  10   18  RAB  16
8RE 16  R
36. (1) AC generator converts mechanical energy into 41. (1) The incident and reflected rays are parallel rays.
electrical energy. Galvanometer shows deflection Only a plane mirror can reflect the rays like that.
when current passes through it, So it is used to show correct option is (1)
presence of current in any wire. Transformer is used F/A
42. (2) Young’s modulus of the wire is Y 
to step up or step down the voltage. Radio tuning l / l
uses principle of induction and resonance in AC F  l 
circuit. So, the correct option is (1).  Y     Y  strain
A  l 
37. (3) Average kinetic energy, E  T
mg Y  A  strain
 Y  strain  m 
E2 T2 273  227 500 A g
so   
E1 T1 273  27 300
2  1011  3  10 –6  103
m  60 kg
500 5 10
E2  E1   6.21 1021   10.35  1021 J
300 3 M
43. (4) Since B  0 ( I  H )  0  H

38. (1) Rest energy of an electron  me c 2 V 
4
Given that H  0.5  10 , V  1  106 m3 ,
Here me  9.1  10 31 kg and c  velocity of light
M  5 A  m2
2
 Rest energy  9.1  1031   3  108  joule
 5 
 4  107   6  5000  6.28 T

9.1  1031  3  108 
2
10 
 19
eV  510keV 1 1 1 1 1
1.6  10 44. (1) C  3  9  18  2  Cs  2 F
s
39. (3) As the system is initially at rest, therefore,
Cs 2 1
initial angular momentum, Li  0 . C p  3  9  18  30  F   
C p 30 15
According to the law of conservation of angular
momentum, final angular momentum, L f  0 45. (3) The heat lost in condensation  x  540cal .
 Angular momentum of man  angular Given that L f  80 cal / g , Lvap  540 cal / g
momentum of platform in opposite direction
Cwater  1 cal / g C
i.e., mv0 r  I 
 x  540  y  80  y  1  (100  0)
mv r 50(2)(4)
or   0   2 rads 1 x 1
I 200 or 
y 3.

4
 CHEMISTRY
52. (2) A – Q; structure of NH3 is trigonal pyramidal
[ salt ] (sp3–1 l.p.)
46. (1) pOH  pK b  log
[base]
B – P; structure of SO2 is bent (sp2–[Link])
0.20 C – S; structure of SF4 is see-saw (sp3d–1 lp)
  log1.8  105  log
0.30 D – R; structure of ClF3 is T-shape(sp3d–[Link].)
 5  0.25  ( 0.176)
53. (4) CN  is a strong field ligand and form low spin
pOH  4.75  0.176  4.57 complexes thus  o  P
54. (3) Boron is metalloid. Thus, Statement I is correct.
 pH  14  pOH  14  4.57  9.43 Metalloids possess, metallic as well as non-metallic
47. (1) The reaction is known as Kolbe’s electrolysis nature. Hence, Statement II is incorrect.
reaction. 55. (4)
10 I   2MnO4  16H   2Mn 2  5I 2  8H 2 O
I   2MnO4  H 2 O  2MnO2  IO3  2OH 

So, P  I 2 ,Q  MnO 2
48. (3) Isobars are atoms of different elements that 56. (2)
have the same mass number and different atomic
number. Mass number is the sum of number of
neutrons and protons which remains same for
isobars.

49. (4) In solution A  AgNO3 ),

At cathode: Ag   e  Ag
1
At anode: H 2 O  2H   O 2  2e 
2
pH decreases due to the formation of H + ions.
In solution B  LiCl  , 57. (3) As the element ‘X’ belongs to fourth period
+ 
At cathode: 2H +2e  H 2 and fifteenth group of periodic table, its outer
configuration is 4s 2 4p 3 . Its complete electronic
At anode: 2Cl  Cl2 +2e
configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 4s 2 3d10 4p3
H+ ions get consumed, so pH increases.
Hence, its s-orbital is completely filled,
50. (1) For statement (i), cis form of alkenes have while p -orbital is half-filled.
significant dipole moment whereas dipole moment
58. (2)
of trans form is almost zero. For statement (iii),
due to symmetric arrangement trans form will have
higher melting point. For statement (iv), due to
different arrangements of atoms or groups in space
cis and trans isomers differ in their properties like
melting point, boiling point, dipole moment, IUPAC name is 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
solubility etc. 59. (3) The vapour pressure of a liquid increases with
increase of temperature. Hence, statement (i) is
51. (3) incorrect. Remaining statements are correct.
60. (1) In case of isothermal expansion, maximum
work done is obtained in reversible process rather
than irreversible process and work done is positive
in case of isothermal compression and the internal
energy of the system increases.

1
61. (3) BaCO3  BaO  CO 2 The rate of first hydrohalogenation is faster than
197 g 2nd because alkynes are more reactive than vinyl
 197g of BaCO3 releases 22.4 L CO at STP halide.
2
68. (2) First ionisation enthalpy increases from left to
 9.85 g of BaCO3 .....?
right in a period but due to half-filled electronic
22.4 configuration of nitrogen atom, N has higher first
  9.85  1.12 litre CO2 at STP
197 ionisation enthalpy than of oxygen. Hence (2) is
62. (2) not in agreement with the given order.
A - Q; CH3–O–CH3 and EtOH are differentiated 69. (4) Concentration does not affect the basic strength
by CH3COOH/H+ (esterification given by of amines. Thus, option (4) is incorrect statement.
alcohol)
70. (2) In this reaction, oxidation number of Mn
changes from +7 in KMnO4 to +2 in MnCl2 .
B - P; (1°) and (2°) are differentiated
by Lucas reagent. (Conc. HCl + anhy.ZnCl2) Thus, MnCl2 is the reduction product.
71. (4) A – R; Hardness of water is estimated by simple
C - S; and are differentiated by titration with Na2EDTA.
Fehling solution. (acetaldehyde reacts with B – P; [Ag(CN)2]– is formed in the extraction of
Fehling solution) silver.
C – S; [(Ph3P)3RhCl] is used for the hydrogenation
D - R; HCHO and are of alkenes.
D – Q; In black and white photography, the
differentiated by 2,4-DNP. (aldehydes give
developed film is fixed by washing with hypo
test with 2,4 DNP)
solution which dissolves the undecomposed AgBr
63. (4) Molecularity is defined as the number of
to form a complex ion, [Ag(S2O3)2]3–.
reacting species taking part in an elementary
reaction. 72. (2) For dilution,

1 M1V1  M 2 V2
64. (2) Potential energy  (Before dilution) (After dilution)
Stability
Order of stability : I > II > III (Based on +R, +I 500  5M  1500  M 2
and hyperconjugation)
5
Order of P.E. : C > B > A M2   1.66M
So, the correct match is I – C, II – B, III – A 3
73. (2)
65. (1) A  B  C D

Initial conc. 4 4 0 0
Conc. at eq. (4  x) (4  x) x x (given x= 2)
(4  2) (4  2) 2 2
[C][D] 2  2
Eq. constant, K C   1
[A][B] 2  2
66. (3) Phenol is weakly acidic but more acidic than
alcohol and H 2 O because phenoxide ion is more
resonance stabilized therefore readily formed
from phenol. Hence statement I is correct but 74. (2) A-Q; Mercury cell contains HgO + KOH(moist)
statement II is incorrect. B-R; Lead storage battery contains 38% H2SO4
67. (4) C-S; Dry cell contains MnO2+ C(touching cathode)
and paste of NH4Cl + ZnCl2
D-P; H2–O2 fuel cell contains KOH solution
E-T; Ni-Cd storage cell contains concentrated KOH
solution

2
75. (1) A-S; Dipole moment of cis-But-2-ene is not 83. (2) The ease of dehydration can be determined by
equal to zero. seeing the stability of carbocation as intermediate.
B-R; Dipole moment of trans-But-2-ene is zero.
C-Q; HCN and HNC molecules are tautomers (I)
D-P; CH3–O–CH3 and CH3–CH2–OH are
(II)
functional isomers.
76. (3) Due to greater polarity and higher molar mass, (III)
intermolecular forces of attraction are stronger in
halogen derivatives as compared to hydrocarbons.
2 2 6 2 6 5 1 (IV)
77. (2) A-Q; Cr :1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s
B-R; Cu :1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 3d10 4s1 (IV) is most stable due to resonance followed by
(III) which is allylic carbocation. Next is (II) as it
C-S; Fe :1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d 6 4s 2 is a secondary carbocation and least stable is (I) as
so, Fe3+ :1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 3d5 it is a primary carbocation. Hence, the correct order
is IV > III > II > I
D-P; Zn 2+ :1s 2 2s 2 2p6 3s 2 3p6 3d10 84. (4) Inductive effect implies the atom's ability to
78. (1) Due to smaller size of cations and higher charge, cause bond polarization.
actinoids form complexes easily than lanthanoids. 85. (1) CH3COOH is weak acid hence indicator used
79. (1) Less substituted alkenes undergoes faster is phenolphthalein.
hydrogenation. Hence, the correct order is 86. (2) The removal of an electron from a diatomic
molecule may increase the bond order as in the
conversion O2 (2)  O+2 (2.5) or decrease the bond
order as in the conversion, N 2 (3.0)  N +2 (2.5) . As
a result, the bond energy may increase or decrease.
Thus, statement (2) is incorrect.
80. (2) Let the oxidation number of oxygen in the +2
87. (4) Co  NH3  Cl3  Co  NH3  Cl  +2Cl 
following compounds be x. 5  5 
In OF2 , x  ( 1)2  0 ; x  2  Structure is Co  NH 3  Cl  Cl2 .
 5 
1
In KO 2 ,  1  (x  2)  0 ; x  
2  Co  NH 3 5 Cl  Cl2  2AgNO 3 
 
In BaO 2 ,  2  (x  2)  0 ; x  1
Co  NH3 5 Cl  (NO3 ) 2  2AgCl 
In O3 , oxidation number of oxygen is zero  
Thus, the increasing order of oxidation number is 88. (1) On adding acetone, its molecules get in between
BaO 2  KO 2  O3  OF2 the ethanol molecules and break some of the
1

1 0 2 hydrogen bonds between them. Due to weakening
2
of interactions, the solution shows positive
81. (2) A-R; Deficiency of vitamin B6 causes deviation from Raoult’s law.
convulsions
89. (4) A-S; X-A indicates activation energy of
B-S; Deficiency of vitamin K causes delayed blood backward reaction
clotting
B-R; X-B indicates activation energy of forward
C-P; Deficiency of vitamin D causes osteomalacia reaction
D-Q; Deficiency of vitamin A causes C-P; A-B indicates enthalpy of reaction.
xerophthalmia. D-Q; X indicates energy of transition state.
82. (4) The enthalpy of formation is the heat evolved
or absorbed when one mole of substance is 90. (1) Huckel-onsager equation is Λ m  Λm  b C .
formed from its constituent atoms.
1
H 2(g)  O 2(g)  H 2 O(l) ;  f H   X 2 kJmol1
2

3
 starts. Ampicillin resistance gene  acts as
BOTANY selectable marker.
91. (3) In gymnosperms, the male gametophyte is Bioreactor  used for large-scale product
reduced to a few cells (pollen grain), and meiosis synthesis.
occurs in the megaspore mother cell. Pollination
is via wind, not water. 100. (2) Thylakoids are the site of light reactions, not
dark reactions Stroma contains enzymes for
92. (4) A - R, B - T, C - P, D - S, E - Q is correct. carbohydrate and protein synthesis. Grana are
Bulliform cells = large, empty, adaxial epidermal pigmented structures (chlorophyll), not colorless.
cells. Mesophyll is differentiated into palisade & Leucoplasts are colorless plastids, chromoplasts
spongy. Spongy parenchyma = loosely arranged contain xanthophyll.
with air spaces. Palisade parenchyma = vertically
arranged elongated cells. Monocot leaf is 101. (3) The correct sequence in the endomembrane
undifferentiated into palisade & spongy system is:
Nucleus  RER  SER  Golgi Apparatus
93. (3) Proteins are heteropolymers made of 20  Lysosomes / Plasma Membrane.
different amino acids, unlike cellulose, glycogen, RER is involved in protein synthesis.
inulin, which are homopolymers of glucose or SER is involved in lipid metabolism
fructose. Golgi modifies and packages proteins.
94. (1) Assertion is true : In incomplete dominance, Secretory vesicles then transport proteins to either
the heterozygous offspring express a phenotype that lysosomes or the plasma membrane.
is a blen of the parental traits (for example, red Mitochondria are excluded from the
and white flowers producing pink flowers). endomembrane system.
Reason is also true : In incomplete dominance, 102. (1) Proinsulin is an inactive precursor that contains
neither allele is completely dominant over the other, A, B, and C peptides, with disulfide bonds already
which leads to an intermediate phenotype in the formed between the A and B chains.
hetrozygous condition. This explains why the F1 During maturation in the endoplasmic reticulum
generation is intermediate. and Golgi, the C peptide is cleaved, leaving the A
95. (3) A - R, B - T, C - P, D - Q, E - S is correct. Zygote and B chains connected via disulfide bridges —
is diploid, forms [Link] is triploid, forms forming biologically active insulin.
[Link] help guide pollen tube entry. C peptide is removed, not joined to [Link]
Antipodals are at chalazal end, haploid. Polar nuclei is not directly formed by translation; it’s produced
fuse with sperm in triple fusion. initially as proinsulin and then processed.
96. (4) Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes 103. (2) Only statement A is correct
with chlorophyll a. Some (like Nostoc, Anabaena) Statement A is true – Interkinesis is a brief stage
have heterocysts for nitrogen fixation. They lack between meiosis I and II.
membrane-bound organelles.
Statement B is false – No DNA replication takes
97. (1) Prothallus is a green gametophyte in ferns. place during interkinesis.
Pollen grain is the reduced male gametophyte.
Protonema is an early gametophyte stage in mosses. 104. (3) Golgi apparatus is involved in modification,
Megaspore gives rise to the female gametophyte packaging, and transport of proteins
in gymnosperms. It is the site of glycoprotein and glycolipid synthesis
DNA replication occurs in the nucleus
98. (1) 10% law applies to energy, not nutrients. Energy Steroid synthesis happens in smooth ER
flows from producers to top consumers without ATP production occurs in mitochondria
reversal. Due to energy loss at each level, pyramid
of energy is always upright. Phytoplanktons are 105. (1) Mycoplasma lack cell wall, so penicillin (targets
primary producers in aquatic systems. peptidoglycan) is ineffective.
Lichens = alga + fungus, not bacteria
99. (2) Restriction endonuclease  cuts DNA at Cyanobacteria = prokaryotic
specific sites. Basidiomycetes produce basidiospores, not
DNA ligase  joins DNA fragments. ascospores
Origin of replication  site where replication

1 Space for Rough work

106. (1) C  B  A  E RNA, due to the presence of the 2’ –OH group, is
more labile and easily degradable, which justifies
From the tip of the root upward, the regions are
DNA’s selection as the preferred genetic material.
arranged as follows:
C: Root Cap  protects the apex 116. (4) Cytokinesis begins after telophase is completed,
not during.
B: Region of Meristematic Activity  cells divide
rapidly 117. (4) A, B, C, D. Syngamy forms the zygote. Triple
A: Region of Elongation  cells elongate and fusion involves the second male gamete + two polar
push the root forward nuclei  Primary endosperm nucleus. All are parts
E: Region of Maturation  cells differentiate and of double fertilisation. Antipodals are part of the
mature embryo sac but not directly involved in double
fertilisation. Nucellus is the protective covering of
107. (4) All statements are true. Independent assortment
the ovule.
explains the [Link] ratio and is valid when genes
are on separate chromosomes or far apart on the 118. (4) Plants lack specialized respiratory structures
same one. because most of their living cells are close to the
surface, and gas exchange (O2 in, CO2 out) occurs
108. (3) Euglena has chlorophyll but lacks a cell wall;
efficiently through diffusion via stomata and
instead, it has a pellicle.
lenticels.
109. (1) Centrioles are absent in most plant cells.
Form spindles and basal bodies, centrioles have 9 119. (2) Centrosome = two perpendicular centrioles
triplets. Microtubules = cytoskeletal component
Axoneme = 9+2 microtubule structure
110. (2) Chromosomes begin condensation in leptotene Basal body = derived from centrioles
but not fully condensed.
Zygotene is the stage where synapsis occurs. 120. (3) Mitochondria are double-membraned, not
Interkinesis occurs in between meiosis I and II. single
Synaptonemal complex formation begins in The inner membrane is folded into cristae and
zygotene, not diakinesis. contains enzymes for ATP synthesis
They have circular DNA, 70S ribosomes, and can
111. (3) Viroids  RNA only, no coat. Prions  divide by fission
Infectious proteins Not formed de novo — they self-replicate
TMV  RNA-containing virus. Bacteriophage
 infects bacteria 121. (1) Each RNA has a specific role: mRNA as
Mycoplasma  wall-less, smallest free-living cell template, tRNA as adapter, rRNA as catalytic
component, and hnRNA as precursor to mRNA.
112. (1) Monocot stem has scattered, closed vascular
bundles. Dicot root endodermis has suberin 122. (3) Peptide bonds join amino acids, not
Casparian strips. Palisade parenchyma has tightly nucleotides. Polysaccharides are polymers of
arranged, vertically elongated cells (not loosely sugars, not fatty acids.
arranged). Dicot stem has collenchymatous Phospholipids have glycerol, fatty acids, and
hypodermis. phosphate group. Zwitter ions refer to amino acids
with both +ve and –ve charges, not lipids.
113. (3) Trichoderma  free-living fungi, biocontrol
agent. 123. (3) Mitosis usually occurs in diploid cells; can
Aspergillus niger  produces citric acid. happen in both in plants.
Acetobacter aceti  produces acetic acid. Meiosis is a reductional division. In telophase I,
nuclear envelope reappears and two haploid nuclei
Streptococcus  produces Streptokinase, clot
form.
buster.
Bivalents align in metaphase I; in metaphase II,
Monascus purpureus  source of statins.
chromosomes (not bivalents) align.
114. (2) In binomial nomenclature, the first word is the
124. (3) B and C only. RuBP is a 5-carbon
genus, and the second word is the species (specific
compound. The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma.
epithet).
Glucose is synthesized at the end of the cycle.
115. (1) DNA lacks the 2; –OH group, making it less
reactive and more chemically stable than RNA. 125. (3) Hilum is the point of attachment between ovule
and funicle.

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 Tapetum is the innermost layer of 131. (4) The three major metabolic fates of pyruvic acid
microsporangium, not protective. are:
Synergids are located at micropylar, not chalazal [Link] acid fermentation
end. [Link] fermentation
Filiform apparatus guides the pollen tube into the 3. Aerobic respiration
synergid. Photophosphorylation is a light-dependent process
in photosynthesis and is not involved in handling
126. (3) Plant growth is indeterminate because of the pyruvic acid.
presence of meristems (root apical, shoot apical,
lateral), which allow the plant to grow throughout 132. (3) A - Q, B - P, C - R, D - R is correct.
its life. This capacity to continuously form new PS I has P700, PS II has P680, NADP+ is reduced
organs is a unique feature of plants. at end of Z-scheme, water splitting replenishes
electrons.
127. (3) A point mutation affects a single base pair in
DNA. Sickle-cell anemia is due to a point mutation, 133. (3) Activated sludge (from secondary sewage
not a frameshift mutation. UV radiation is a treatment) is rich in aerobic microbes forming flocs.
physical mutagen, not chemical. Thalassemia is a Methane-producing bacteria (methanogens) are
gene-related (autosomal) disorder, not due to present in the anaerobic sludge digesters, not in
chromosomal gain (like in trisomy). activated sludge.
128. (4) A - S, B - Q, C - P, D - R is correct. 134. (1) A – H1 histone, B – Histone octamer,
Auxin  human urine; gibberellin  C – DNA, D – Core of histone molecules
Gibberella fujikuroi; cytokinin  DNA; ABA A is H1 histone, which binds outside the
 dormancy.. nucleosome and helps in packaging.
B is the histone octamer, made of 4 types of histones
129. (1) Chlorophyll a absorbs best in the red (675– (2 copies each).
680 nm) and blue (430 nm) regions. C is the DNA wrapped around the histone core.
Carotenoids absorb blue/violet; they reflect green. D marks the core of histone molecules forming the
Light reactions happen in thylakoid membranes. nucleosome core.
Calvin cycle takes place in stroma, not grana.
135. (3) The promoter is a DNA sequence located
130. (4) ELISA works on antigen–antibody interaction, upstream of the structural gene. It serves as the
not DNA probes. binding site for RNA polymerase, initiating
transcription. It does not get transcribed, and it
determines the template strand.

3 Space for Rough work

 144. (1) The acrosome contains enzymes that digest the
ZOOLOGY zona pellucida, enabling the sperm to reach the
136. (4) Porifera  Choanocytes ovum’s cytoplasm. This process is essential for
Coelenterata  Cnidoblasts fertilisation. Hence, both Assertion and Reason are
Ctenophora  Comb plates correct and Reason explains Assertion.
Platyhelminthes  Flame cells
145. (1) Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and
Annelida  Metameric segmentation
is linked to circadian rhythms and sleep-wake
137. (3) The corpus callosum connects the left and right cycles, particularly stimulated by darkness.
hemispheres. The cerebral aqueduct connects the 146. (4) IVF = Fertilisation outside body, implanted in
third and fourth ventricles, not brain to spinal cord. uterus; ZIFT = zygote to fallopian tube; GIFT =
138. (1) Tidal volume is approximately 500 mL. gametes into fallopian tube; ICSI = sperm injected
Residual volume is air left in lungs after forceful into ovum; IUI = semen introduced into uterus.
expiration, not exhaled air. 147. (2) According to Darwin’s natural selection theory
Inspiratory capacity = Tidal volume + Inspiratory More individuals are produced than can survive.
reserve volume
Functional residual capacity = Expiratory reserve 148. (4) Progesterone – steroid hormone, Insulin =
volume + Residual volume peptide
Thyroxine = iodinated tyrosine derivative,
139. (3) Molluscs mostly have an open circulatory Melatonin = derived from tryptophan
system, except cephalopods.
Annelida has a closed system (e.g., Earthworm) 149. (3) Interferons are cytokines produced by virus-
Arthropoda has an open system infected cells and are part of the innate immune
Platyhelminthes have no circulatory system at all system, specifically the cytokine barrier, not
humoral immunity.
140. (3) A - R, B - P, C - S, D - Q is correct. Gonorrhoea Skin, stomach acid, and mucus under innate
= bacterial; Trichomoniasis- Protozoal infection; immunity barriers.
AIDS = caused by HIV; Herpes = caused by herpes
simplex virus. 150. (1) Tympanum  Transmits sound waves to the
inner ear. Ureters (male)  Carry both urine and
141. (1) A and D only are incorrect. Ethical value is sperm. Sinus venosus  Collects blood into right
about intrinsic worth, not utility. atrium. Cloacal aperture  External opening for
Over 25% of drugs come from plants. Amazon feces, urine, and gametes. Gall bladder  Stores
produces 20% of global oxygen. Ecosystem bile.
services like pollination have major economic
value. 151. (4) Statement A is incorrect – Saltation is Hugo
DeVries’s idea, not Darwin’s.
142. (1) A - Q, B - T, C - P, D - S, E - R Darwin’s theory is based on variation,
Myelin sheath -Absent at Node of Ranvier overproduction, struggle for existence, and natural
Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters like selection.
acetylcholine. Statement B correctly represents Lamarckism.
Cyton is the cell body of the neuron.
Hypothalamus controls temperature, pituitary 152. (4) ELISA detects antibodies.
hormone release, hunger, and thirst. Widal test is for typhoid, not fungal infections like
Medulla controls involuntary actions like heart rate ringworm.
and gastric secretions. MRI uses non-ionising magnetic fields, not ionising
143. (3) Tubectomy is a female sterilisation method in radiation.
which the fallopian tubes are cut and tied, 153. (3) The chemosensitive area located near the
preventing the ovum from meeting the rhythm centre is activated by elevated levels of CO2
sperm. Ovaries are not removed - ovulation and and H+, triggering adjustments to eliminate them
hormonal cycles continue. and restore balance.
The uterus and vagina are unaffected structurally. 154. (3) B is incorrect - Aldosterone increases blood
This is a permanent method of contraception pressure by promoting sodium and water
recommended for women who do not wish to have reabsorption, not excretion
more children.

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155. (2) 10,000 years ago  Agriculture & settlements Biosphere reserves = in situ
2000 mya  First cellular forms Sacred groves = culturally protected in situ
15 mya  Dryopithecus & Ramapithecus Zoological parks = ex situ
existed 165. (4) Urea is passively reabsorbed in the collecting
65 mya  Dinosaur extinction duct and is key to maintaining medullary
350 mya  Amphibians evolved from lobefins osmolarity – part of counter-current
156. (1) Cortisol  Promotes RBC production & mechanism.
supports metabolism 166. (3) Acrosome  Contains enzymes for zona
Aldosterone  Maintains Na+ /K+ balance pellucida digestion
Glucagon  Raises blood glucose Mitochondria  Produce ATP for tail movement
Insulin  Stimulates glycogenesis Sertoli cells  Provide nutrition to sperms
Epinephrine  Fight or Flight hormone Leydig cells  Produce androgens
157. (3) Podocytes form filtration slits in the Bowman’s Spermatogonia  Divide to form primary
capsule. spermatocytes
If they are damaged, larger molecules like plasma 167. (2) Statement A is incorrect — Cu+2 ions suppress
proteins and even RBCs could enter the filtrate, sperm motility. B, C, and D are correct on IUDs .
which is abnormal and indicative of a kidney
pathology like glomerulonephritis. 168. (1) The QRS complex in ECG corresponds to
ventricular depolarisation, which initiates
158. (3) In myelinated neurons, the impulse jumps from ventricular contraction. P wave: atrial
one node of Ranvier to another, a process called depolarisation. T wave: ventricular repolarisation.
saltatory conduction. This greatly increases the ECG records electrical, not mechanical, activity.
speed of impulse conduction compared to
unmyelinated neurons. 169. (1) Villi – absorb nutrients.
Liver & Pancreas – secrete digestive enzymes and
159. (3) Green glands  Prawn bile
Kidneys  Human Nephrons and Cloaca = excretion
Nephridia  Earthworm
Flame cells  Planaria 170. (2) Lymph is similar to plasma but lacks RBCs and
Malpighian tubules  Cockroach has less protein than blood plasma.
171. (1) A, B, and C are correct. D is incorrect — the
160. (2) The described features — segmented body,
sex of the baby is determined at the time of
jointed appendages, compound eyes, and open
fertilization, not implantation.
circulation — are characteristic of arthropods.
Molluscs have soft bodies and non-jointed limbs. 172. (3) During muscle contraction, Ca²+ binds to
Annelids have closed circulation and no compound troponin, which causes a conformational shift in
eyes. tropomyosin, exposing the myosin-binding sites on
Echinoderms have radial symmetry (in adults) and actin filaments.
water vascular system, not these features. 173. (2) The AV node receives impulses from the SA
161. (2) Cardiac muscles are striated like skeletal node and relays it to the ventricles, not the atria.
muscles, but involuntary in action. They are 174. (1) Oparin & Haldane proposed that life originated
branched and found in the walls of the heart. from non-living chemicals, not from pre-existing
162. (4) H2 L2  Antibody structure: 2 heavy, 2 light cells.
chains 175. (1) The diffusion membrane as being made of
IgE  Allergy and hypersensitivity alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, and
IgA  Present in colostrum; passive immunity basement membrane — total thickness <1 mm.
163. (3) Logistic growth considers resource limitation, Haemoglobin transports O2 not majority of CO2 .
leading to an S-shaped (sigmoid) curve with 70% of CO2 is transported as bicarbonate ions,
population stabilising at the carrying capacity (K). not [Link] pO2 = 104 mm Hg, not
40.
164. (1) B, C and D only.
Seed banks and cryopreservation are ex situ 176. (2) B and C only are correct. The trophoblast is the
methods. outer layer, not the inner mass.

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 The inner cell mass is attached to the trophoblast 178. (2) In mutualism, both species benefit.
and develops into the embryo. Amensalism = one harmed, other unaffected
After implantation, the three germ layers Commensalism = one benefits, other unaffected
(ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) form. Competition = both are harmed due to resource
The ectoderm is the outermost, not the innermost conflict
layer.
179. (2) ADH is released when blood osmolarity
177. (2) A  Alveolar cavity (site of gaseous exchange) increases, not when it’s low. It acts on the collecting
B  Red blood cell (transports oxygen) duct to promote water reabsorption, concentrating
C  Basement membrane (fused layer between urine.
alveolar epithelium and capillary endothelium) 180. (1) The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones: skull
D  Endothelium of blood capillary (allows gas (29), vertebral column (26), ribs (24), and
diffusion into blood) sternum (1).

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