GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Program Name: Engineering

Level: Diploma
Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy
Course / Subject Code: DI02000171
Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental

W. E. F. Academic Year: 2024-25

Semester: 2nd
Category of the Course: PCC

Prerequisite: Acquaintance with basic concepts and law of electrical circuits and magnetic circuits

Rationale: Most of electrical power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization are in the
form of alternating current. Therefore, it is essential for students of diploma electrical
engineering to know fundamental concepts of AC and principles of series, parallel and
three phase AC circuits to solve electrical circuits. This course is not only a prerequisite
to learn the advanced electrical courses but also diploma students undertaking this course
are expected to apply the principle of ac circuits to troubleshoot electrical circuits in
industries/power system. This is one of the most important core engineering courses for
electrical technocrats and hence students should try to develop mastery over fundamental
concepts and principles of AC circuits for effective working as an electrical engineer.

Course Outcome:
After Completion of the Course, Student will able to:
RBT
No Course Outcomes
Level
Interpret various terminologies, waveform, and vector representation of alternating
01 A
quantities.
02 Apply principles of AC series circuit to solve electrical circuits A
03 Apply principles of AC parallel circuit to solve electrical circuits A
04 Apply principles of three phase system to solve electrical circuits A

*Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy (RBT)

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy
Course / Subject Code: DI02000171
Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental
Teaching and Examination Scheme:
Total
Teaching Scheme Credits
Assessment Pattern and Marks
(in Hours) L+T+
(PR/2) Total
Marks
Theory Tutorial / Practical
L T PR C ESE PA / CA PA/CA ESE
(E) (M) (I) (V)
3 0 2 4 70 30 20 30 150

Course Content:
Unit No. of % of
Content
No. Hours Weightage
Fundamentals of Alternating Voltage and Current
Contents:
(1) Comparison between AC and DC System
(2) Principle of generation of alternating voltage
(3) Sinusoidal Function Terminology: (a) Define terms - wave form,
cycle, time period, frequency, amplitude and angular frequency
(b) State relations among these terminologies (c) Different forms
of sinusoidal quantities
(4) Various values of sinusoidal alternating quantities: (a) Define
terms - instantaneous value, maximum value, average value, RMS
1. value, peak factor, and form factor (2) State relations among these 12 29 %
values
(5) Phase difference between alternating quantities: lagging and
leading quantities
(6) Vector representation of alternating quantity
(7) Addition of alternating quantities using vector: Graphical and
Analytical method
(8) Transfer of vector from rectangular form to polar form and vice-
versa
(9) Mathematical operation of vectors
(10)Numerical based on fundamentals of alternating quantities
Single Phase AC Series Circuits
Contents:
2. 12 29 %
(1) Behavior of AC through pure resistive, inductive and capacitive
circuit: (a) State equations of voltage, current, power and power

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy
Course / Subject Code: DI02000171
Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental
factor (b) Define term - inductive and capacitive reactance (c)
draw wave form and vector diagram of voltage, current and
power.
(2) Behavior of AC through RL, RC, and RLC series circuit: (a)
Derive equation of current, power and power factor (b) Draw
wave form and vector diagram of voltage and current (c) Draw
impedance triangle
(3) Concepts of power factor: lagging, leading and unity power
factor
(4) Active power, reactive power, apparent power and power
triangle
(5) Resonant condition and resonance frequency in RLC series
circuit
(6) Numerical based on AC series circuits and series resonance
Single Phase AC Parallel Circuits
Contents:
(1) Phasor (Vector) method for solving AC parallel circuits.
(2) Terms related to AC parallel circuits:(a) Define term- admittance,
conductance and susceptance (b) Draw admittance triangle
3. (3) Admittance method for solving AC parallel circuits. 09 19 %
(4) Complex algebra method for solving AC parallel circuits.
(5) Resonance condition and resonant frequency in parallel AC
circuits
(6) Comparison between series and parallel resonance
(7) Numerical based on AC parallel circuits and parallel resonance
Three Phase System and Circuits
Contents:
(1) Comparison between single and three phase systems
(2) Principle of generation of three phase alternating voltage
(3) Three phase system terminology: (a) Define term - phase
sequence, balanced & un- balanced supply, balanced & un-
4. 12 23 %
balanced load (b) state importance of these terminologies
(4) Values of voltage and current in three phase system: Define
terms- line voltage, phase voltage, line current and phase current
(5) Three phase star connection
(6) Three phase delta connection
(7) Numerical based on three phase circuits
Total 45 100

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy
Course / Subject Code: DI02000171
Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental

Suggested Specification Table with Marks (Theory):

Distribution of Theory Marks (in %)
R Level U Level A Level N Level E Level C Level
25 % 35 % 40% - - -

Where R: Remember; U: Understanding; A: Application, N: Analyze and E: Evaluate C: Create (as per
Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy)
References/Suggested Learning Resources:
(a) Books:
Sr. Publication with
Title of Book Author
No. Place, Year and ISBN
A text book of Electrical Technology S. Chand and Co., New Delhi,
1 B. L. Theraja &
Volume-I (Basic Electrical 23 edition or Latest edition
A.K. Theraja
Engineering) (ISBN: 9788121924405)

2 Elements of Electrical Engineering U.A. Patel Atul Prakashan, Ahmedabad

2010 edition or latest edition

S. K. Kataria & Sons, New Delhi,

3 Principles of Electrical Engineering B. R. Gupta Latest edition (ISBN-
9788121901031)

Fundamentals of Electrical S. K. Kataria & Sons, New Delhi,

4 Tarlok Singh Latest edition
Engineering
(ISBN: 9789350140680)

Basic Electrical Engineering Pearson Education, New Delhi

5 K. Uma Rao and
Latest Edition (ISBN:
A. Jayalakshmi
9789385909283)
Tata McGraw Hill
6 Basic Electrical and Electronics Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
Ravish. R. Singh
Engineering 2018 edition or Latest edition
(ISBN-978007026092)

7 Fundamentals of Electrical Dhanpatrai & Co., New Delhi

S.K. Sahdev
Engineering and Electronics Latest edition (ISBN: 978877002027)

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy
Course / Subject Code: DI02000171
Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental

Principles of Electrical Engineering V.K. Mehta S. Chand and Co., New Delhi
8
and Electronics Rohit Mehta (ISBN: 9789352837199)

(b) Open-source software and website:

1. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/105/108105112/
2. https://nptel.ac.in/courses/108/105/108105053/
3. https://lectures.gtu.ac.in/( related to course content)
4. https://circuitglobe.com/
5. https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/accircuits
6. https://www.electrical4u.com/electrical-engineering-articles/basic-electrical/
7. https://www.electricaltechnology.org/
8. www.vlab.co.in
9. www.khanacademy.org
10. https://ndl.iitkgp.ac.
Suggested Course Practical List:

Sr. CO
Practical Outcome/Title of experiment CO2 CO3 CO4
No. 1
Demonstrate waveforms of alternating quantities using √
1
CRO and function generator
Use CRO to measure peak value, RMS value, time period √
2
and frequency of alternating quantity
Measure voltage, current, and power through pure √
3
resistor.
Measure inductance and internal resistance of choke coil. √
4
Measure voltage, current, power and power factor in RL √
5
series circuit.
Measure voltage, current, power and power factor in RC √
6
series circuit.
Measure voltage, current, power and power factor in √
7
RLC series circuit.
Measure resonance frequency and resonant impedance in √
8
RLC series circuit.

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy
Course / Subject Code: DI02000171
Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental
Measure voltage, current, power and power factor in RL √
9
parallel circuit.
Measure voltage, current, power and power factor in RC √
10
parallel circuit.
Measure voltage, current, power and power factor in √
11
RLC parallel circuit.
Verify line & phase voltage and line & phase current √
12
relation for three phase star connection.
13 Verify line & phase voltage and line & phase current √
relation for three phase delta connection.
14 Measure voltage, current, power and power factor in √
three phase circuits
Test relation between power consumption in three phase √
15
star and delta connected load.
List of Laboratory/Learning Resources Required:

Sr. Equipment Name with Broad Specifications

No.
01 Single phase variac: 10A, Output 0-270V AC for Input of 230V 50Hz AC
02 Single phase choke coil :230V, 50Hz, 2KVAR
03 Single phase capacitor bank: 230V, 50Hz, 2KVAR
04 Three phase variac: 20A, Output 0-415V for Input of 415V 50Hz AC
05 Single phase resistive load bank or lamp loads: 230V, 2KW
06 Three phase lamp loads suitable for making three phase star and delta connection
07 Three phase Induction Motor - D. C. Generator set
08 CRO or DSO
09 Function Generator
09 Ammeter:0-1A/0-5A/0-10A
11 Voltmeter:0-50V/0-150V/0-300V/0-500V

Suggested Project List:

1. Build model to demonstrate generation of alternating EMF

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 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Program Name: Engineering
Level: Diploma
Branch: Electrical Engineering / Renewable Energy
Course / Subject Code: DI02000171
Course / Subject Name: AC Fundamental
2. Build single phase lamp load
3. Build three phase lamp load
4. Build inductive load bank
5. Build capacitive load bank
6. Build lamp loads suitable for making three phase star and delta connection
7. Prepare chart of generation of alternating voltage.
8. Prepare chart for phase difference between alternating quantities
9. Prepare chart of waveforms and vector diagram of voltage, current and power in purely
resistive, inductive and capacitive circuits.
10. Prepare chart of graphical representation of series and parallel resonance
11. Prepare chart of waveforms and vector diagram of three phase voltage.
12. Prepare chart for three phase star and delta connection with current and voltage relations.
13. Build model to demonstrate various concepts and principles of AC circuits

Suggested Activities for Students:

Beyond classroom and laboratory learning, the following co-curricular activities are
recommended to enhance the achievement levels of various outcomes in this course. Students
are encouraged to undertake these activities either individually or in groups and prepare
comprehensive reports of approximately five pages for each activity. Additionally, students
should gather and document physical evidences for their portfolios, which could be beneficial
during placement interviews:
a) Project Model / Seminar Presentations: Demonstrate project models or deliver seminars
on various topics covered in the course content.
b) Numerical Problem Solving: Work on numerical problems provided in tutorial
problems.
Assignments /Tutorial problems should be distributed unit-wise, and students should seek
progressive assessment from the concerned course facilitators throughout the term. At the end of
the term, the entire body of work should be submitted to the respective course facilitators for
evaluation.
These activities will not only reinforce the theoretical understanding but also provide practical
exposure and critical thinking opportunities essential for professional growth.

*********

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