CHAPTER II
RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
1. Level
The study by Pew Research (2024) reflects a "medium level" of artificial intelligence usage
among students, particularly among Black and Hispanic teens. This indicates that while the uptake of
technology like ChatGPT for school-related tasks is growing, it is not yet universally dominant. The
"medium level" suggests a balanced and increasing trend where students are progressively integrating
AI tools into their academic workflows, but it's still not the primary resource for all students. The fact
that older teens and those from certain demographics (such as Black and Hispanic teens) are leading
this trend could be indicative of differences in accessibility, cultural openness, or the perceived
effectiveness of AI as a homework aid. The shift in usage patterns, as noted in the study, is a reflection
of how teens across various backgrounds are adopting AI for specific tasks, without necessarily relying
on it for everything.
The Philippines, a nation known for its youthful population and tech-savvy citizens, is
witnessing a surge in artificial intelligence (AI) integration into education. A recent study by
Instructure, an educational technology leader, revealed a fascinating trend: over 83% of Filipino
students leverage AI tools in their academic journeys. This figure dwarfs the global average,
highlighting the Philippines’ potential to become a frontrunner in AI-powered learning.
Research and writing top the list, with 83% of students relying on AI for these tasks. This
indicates a shift towards AI-assisted learning, where students can focus on analysis and critical thinking
while AI handles the heavy lifting of information gathering and content creation. The integration of AI
in the Philippines' educational system goes beyond just research and writing. Filipino students are also
utilizing AI tools for personalized learning, with many platforms offering adaptive learning
environments that cater to individual learning speeds and styles. This customization allows students to
have more control over their educational experience, helping to address knowledge gaps and enhance
mastery in various subjects. (PinoyGpt, 2024)
Article by Ward et. al ( 2024) AI tools are increasingly being used by students to support
personalized learning, adaptive test adjustments, and real-time classroom analysis, leading to positive
academic outcomes like reduced study hours and higher GPAs. This aligns with growing AI adoption, as
seen in studies that show students using tools like ChatGPT to streamline their academic workflows.
However, challenges such as over-reliance on AI and integration difficulties with traditional teaching
methods highlight the need for a balanced approach. The "medium level" of AI usage among students
indicates that while AI is becoming more integrated into education, it is still used alongside
conventional methods. Ultimately, AI should complement traditional education rather than replace it,
ensuring its benefits enhance rather than disrupt the learning process.
The study by Tang et. al (2021) highlights that AI usage among students is more advanced in
higher education, where it supports cognitive learning outcomes through personalized and intelligent
tutoring systems. In these settings, students interact with sophisticated AI tools that adapt to
individual learning needs, fostering deeper engagement with academic content. At lower educational
levels, AI usage is likely simpler and more limited, focusing on basic tools for learning assistance. The
level of AI integration is influenced by factors such as the educational environment, accessibility, and
the extent to which students and educators embrace the technology.
2. The Frequency of Artificial Intelligence Usage Among Students for Academic Purposes.
According to Kelly, R. (2024), a recent survey conducted by the Digital Education Council, a
global alliance of universities and industry representatives focused on education innovation, revealed
that the majority of students (86%) incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) into their studies. The findings
also highlighted the frequency of AI use, with 24% of students reporting daily usage, 54% using it either
daily or weekly, and another 54% engaging with AI tools at least on a weekly basis. These study
underscore the growing integration of AI technologies in education, suggesting a significant shift in how
students approach learning and problem-solving. This widespread adoption reflects the evolving
landscape of education, where AI is becoming a crucial tool for enhancing academic efficiency, creativity,
and personalized learning experiences.
According to Shenbun, R. (2024), the usage of artificial intelligence among students has seen a
significant increase. Specifically, 48% of students reported using ChatGPT at least weekly, marking a 27-
percentage-point increase compared to the previous year. This highlights a growing reliance on AI tools
for educational purposes.
In addition to the frequency of use, the perception of AI chatbots among different groups has
been notably positive. Among K-12 students, 70% expressed favorable views of AI chatbots, while this
figure rose to 75% among undergraduates. Even parents have shown substantial support, with 68%
holding favorable opinions of AI chatbots. The sharp rise in usage and positive reception reflects the
increasing integration of AI technologies into both learning and teaching environments. This trend
suggests that students and educators alike are beginning to embrace these tools as valuable resources
for enhancing productivity and understanding.
According to Dhra et al. (2022), the frequent use of artificial intelligence in education, which
students use many times, has transformed performance assessment and improvement. AI enables early
analysis of individual student performance, providing insights into their likelihood of success or failure. It
identifies social, economic, and behavioral factors that influence student outcomes using data mining
techniques. AI also tracks student engagement, allowing institutions to group students by performance
and offer targeted support. AI-powered recommendation systems personalize learning paths based on
individual needs and interests. This approach not only improves academic outcomes but also reduces
dropout rates and promotes higher education enrollment.
According to Guerra (2023), Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly evolving and has the potential to
bring significant advancements to various industries. In the realm of education, AI holds great promise in
transforming the learning experience for students. Furthermore, Artificial Intelligence has tremendous
potential to reshape education, making it more personalized, accessible, and effective. From adaptive
learning paths to virtual reality experiences and predictive analytics, AI technologies can revolutionize
the way students learn, grow, and succeed. Students already use AI daily in various tools and platforms,
which enhance their learning experience and support their academic success. By embracing AI in
education, we can equip students with the necessary skills and knowledge to thrive in a future that
increasingly relies on technological advancements
According to Shundel, 2023. Students using Artificial intelligence for school most often utilized
the tools for language arts and social studies assignments, demonstrating frequent application in these
areas. These tools are valuable for tasks such as writing, analyzing, and conducting research, enhancing
students' academic performance. However, students not using Artificial cited a lack of interest, distrust
in the information provided, and insufficient knowledge about how Artificial intelligence works. This
highlights a gap in adoption, where awareness and trust in the technology may need to be improved. As
Artifitivial intelligence t continues to evolve, addressing these barriers could encourage broader usage
among students.
3. Significant Difference Between Students Who Use Artificial Intelligence tools regularly and Students
Who Do Not Use AI tools Frequently.
According to Zhang (2024), many students reported that Forty-one percent of students stated
they always use AI-generated content, while only 3% reported never doing so. Students who use
artificial intelligence can positively support their overall educational experience. However, many
teachers believe that artificial intelligence is hindering students from learning fundamental skills in
math, reading, and writing. The lack of safeguards to prevent misuse allows students to use AI to
complete tasks effortlessly. On the other hand, students who use AI less frequently are more likely to
engage actively in the writing process, conducting research, brainstorming, and refining their ideas
independently. This approach fosters a deeper understanding of the material and strengthens their
foundational skills in critical thinking and problem-solving. However, it may take more time and effort
compared to using AI tools.
According to Wecks (2024), this study evaluates the impact of students' usage of generative
artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools, such as ChatGPT, on their exam performance. We analyze student
essays using GenAI detection systems to identify users of GenAI tools within the cohort. By employing
multivariate regression analysis, we find that students who use GenAI tools score, on average, 6.71
points lower (out of 100) than their non-using counterparts. The use of ChatGPT, in particular, appears
to hinder students' critical thinking abilities. In contrast, students who do not rely on Artificial
Intelligence tools seem to experience benefits in learning and engagement. Furthermore, the way
students interact with GenAI tools appears to correlate with diminished exam outcomes, suggesting that
excessive reliance on such technologies may undermine key cognitive skills necessary for academic
success.
Article stated by Paraso et. al (2024). Artificial intelligence has become deeply instilled in
students' lives, helping them in different academic tasks such as assignments, projects, and
mathematical problem-solving. The trend of AI in education and difficulties in time management were
identified as two of the challenges that STEM students are facing. Students who are using artificial
intelligence. Although the use of AI tools has been a great help in making tasks easier and more
convenient, the artificial intelligence users can affect their studies. How ever, students who don't
frequently use artificial intelligence tools can enhance learning effectiveness by fostering independence.
According to Paraso., teachers should promote self-reliance in students rather than dependence on AI
tools.
The integration of AI in education has the potential to revolutionize the learning experience for
students. AI-powered tools and platforms can provide personalized learning experiences tailored to
individual students' needs, learning styles, and abilities (Zawacki-Richter et al., 2019).
However, the use of AI by students also raises ethical concerns and potential risks. One of the
primary concerns is the potential for academic dishonesty, as students may be tempted to use AI-
generated content as their own, raising issues of plagiarism and cheating (Driessen & Gallant, 2022;
McGehee, 2023). There is also a risk of AI systems perpetuating biases and misinformation, as these
systems are trained on existing data that may reflect societal biases or contain inaccuracies.
Moreover, the increasing reliance on AI tools may impact students' critical thinking and
problem-solving skills, as they become more dependent on these systems for tasks that traditionally
required human reasoning and creativity (Luckin et al., 2016).
On the other hand, students who don't use artificial intelligence frequently may face challenges
in adapting to a rapidly evolving educational landscape. While they may retain strong independent
thinking skills and a deeper understanding of core concepts, they may miss out on the benefits AI can
provide, such as personalized learning and access to immediate feedback.
4. Artificial Intelligence Tools that Students Use Most Frequently for Academic Activities.
Conducted study by Garrel, 2023. AI-based tools, such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, are currently
transforming the university landscape, and in many places, the implications for future forms of teaching
and examination are already being discussed. To create an empirical basis for this, a nationwide survey
of students was conducted to analyze the use and characteristics of AI-based tools that are important to
students. The results of this quantitative analysis clearly show that almost two-thirds of the students
surveyed use or have used AI-based tools as part of their studies. In this context, nearly half of the
students specifically mention ChatGPT or GPT-4 as tools they use. Students in engineering sciences,
mathematics, and natural sciences are the most frequent users of AI-based tools.
Study conducted by Fitria (2021) Changes in the demands of education require innovation and
creativity in the learning process, and the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has played a crucial
role in transforming how teaching and learning are approached. The results of this study stated thatAI
tools are increasingly used in educational technology platforms, with popular examples including voice
assistants like Google Assistant, Siri, and Cortana, which help students manage tasks and access
information quickly. Additionally, global course platforms such as MOOCs, Udemy, Google AI, Khan
Academy, and Coursera provide students with a wealth of learning resources. These tools enable
students to enhance their education by offering personalized support, translating presentations, and
accessing content from anywhere in the world. AI has the potential to further streamline tasks
traditionally handled by teachers, such as grading, student attendance, and administrative reporting,
thus supporting both students and educators in achieving more efficient learning outcomes.
Added by Kelly (2024), on average, surveyed students use 2.1 AI tools for their courses. ChatGPT
remains the most commonly used tool, cited by 66% of respondents, followed by Grammarly and
Microsoft Copilot, each cited by 25%. These AI tools are becoming integral in enhancing student
productivity and academic performance.
Article by Singh (2024), artificial intelligence education tools are changing how teachers and
students approach learning and instruction. AI education tools are software or applications powered by
artificial intelligence, designed to enhance teaching and learning experiences. These tools use AI
technologies like machine learning, natural language processing, and data analytics to make education
more personalized, efficient, and engaging for both teachers and students. One of the tools used by
students is Grammarly, a powerful AI educational tool that improves writing quality by correcting
grammar, punctuation, tone, and clarity in real-time. Its intelligent algorithms offer real-time
suggestions, making every piece of writing polished and professional.
According to Bransen (2024), artificial intelligence tools are transforming the learning and
teaching experience. With a wide variety of AI apps and websites available, both students and teachers
are finding new ways to enhance learning and research. These tools simplify complex tasks, such as data
analysis, and can generate literature reviews in no time. One of the most popular AI tools for students is
QuillBot, an AI-powered writing and paraphrasing tool. It is essential for students looking to improve
their writing skills, as it helps rephrase sentences, check for plagiarism, and ensure grammatical accuracy
—features that are especially important for academic writing
SYNTHESIS
The role of technology in education has evolved dramatically in recent
years, with artificial intelligence (AI) emerging as a transformative force in the
classroom. AI tools such as ChatGPT, Grammarly, and personalized learning
platforms are increasingly being integrated into educational settings, offering
students new ways to enhance their academic performance. These tools not only
assist in completing tasks like research and writing but also provide personalized
learning experiences that can cater to individual students' needs.
According to Kelly, 2024. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into
education is increasingly shaping how students learn, perform, and engage with
academic content. AI tools like ChatGPT and Grammarly are widely adopted, with
studies revealing significant reliance on these technologies for tasks such as
research, writing, and personalized learning.In the Philippines, over 83% of
students report using AI tools, surpassing global averages, particularly for
research and writing tasks. This highlights the country’s growing prominence in
AI-driven education (Instructure, 2024).
AI tools support personalized learning by adapting to students’ individual
needs, enhancing cognitive engagement, and addressing knowledge gaps (Ward
et al., 2024). Tools like adaptive test platforms and intelligent tutoring systems
have shown positive impacts on academic outcomes, such as improved grades
and reduced study hours. However, challenges persist, including over-reliance on
AI and concerns about its impact on foundational skills like critical thinking
(Wecks, 2024).
Studies also reveal the uneven distribution of AI usage, influenced by
demographics and accessibility. For instance, Black and Hispanic students in the
U.S. and STEM students globally are among the most frequent users of AI tools,
reflecting differences in educational needs and openness to technology (Pew
Research, 2024; Garrel, 2023).
Despite these advancements, barriers to broader adoption include lack of
awareness, distrust in AI-generated content, and ethical concerns about misuse
and plagiarism. Addressing these challenges is critical to ensuring that AI
complements rather than disrupts traditional education systems (Shundel, 2023).
In conclusion, while the integration of artificial intelligence into
education is proving to be a significant step forward in enhancing academic
performance, its adoption must be approached with caution. The positive effects
of AI, such as personalized learning, cognitive engagement, and reduced study
hours, are tempered by challenges related to over-reliance, ethical concerns, and
uneven accessibility. As AI continues to shape educational practices, it is essential
to address these barriers to ensure that AI can complement and enrich traditional
learning methods, ultimately helping students achieve better academic outcomes.
By fostering awareness, trust, and responsible usage, AI can play a pivotal role in
the future of education.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INPUT : Assessing the Level of Artificial Intelligence Usage and Its
Influence on Academic Performance of Lemery Senior High Students.
PROCESS : Questionnaire
OUTPUT : What actions should students take to affectively integrate
artificial intelligence tools into their study routines to enhance
academic performance
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Theory cited in Tarisayi and Manhibi (2017, p. 34), it is argued
that “advances in the field of education have drastically changed
teaching and learning because they can perform a variety of tasks that
could not be easily performed before they emerged.” This statement
underscores the transformative potential of technology in education,
paving the way for understanding the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in
teaching and learning environments.
With AI tools such as ChatGPT and Bing, the education
landscape is evolving rapidly. These systems allow various tasks to be
performed easily and faster, improving efficiency in teaching and
learning. AI in education offers significant benefits, such as personalized
learning experiences and enhanced efficiency. AI-enabled systems can
automatically customize learning content, track student progress, and
deliver feedback tailored to individual students’ needs, ensuring that
learners receive content suited to their specific learning styles and
instructional levels. This personalization fosters deeper engagement
and improved academic outcomes.
Furthermore, AI systems can provide quick and accurate
feedback on student submissions, reducing the administrative burden
on teachers. Such advancements mirror the “calculator revolution,”
where the introduction of scientific calculators transformed the
teaching and learning of mathematics by simplifying complex
computations. Similarly, AI tools like ChatGPT assist teachers and
students by providing instant answers to queries and clarifying complex
topics, while tools like Bing enable students to quickly access a wide
range of digital resources.
The integration of AI in education not only simplifies tasks but
also creates opportunities for more effective and efficient learning and
teaching. By automating routine processes, personalizing education,
and providing timely feedback, AI can significantly influence academic
performance, helping students acquire essential skills more easily.
