UNIVERSITY OF BENGHAZI

FACULITY OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT

Materials Science Laboratory

ME205

Experiment No. ( )

Experiment Name
…………………………………..……………………………
……………………………………………………………….

Student Name…………………………….……………….

Student Number…………………………………….

Lecturer
Dr. Faraj Ibraheem Haider

‫ﻣﻼﺣظﺔ‬
Fall 2021-2022 ‫ﺻﻔﺣﺔ اﻟﻐﻼف ﻻﯾوﺟد ﺑﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺗرﻗﯾم‬

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 Report Contents

ABSTRACT
A good abstract summarizes the report in a paragraph and generally answers the following
questions:
 An Introduction in one sentence?
 What purpose (objective) did the lab have?
 What materials did researchers use?
 What tests did the researchers perform?
 What result(s) did they find?

‫اﻟﻣﻠﺧص‬

:‫اﻟﻣﻠﺧص اﻟﺟﯾد ﯾﻠﺧص اﻟﺗﻘرﯾر ﻓﻲ ﻓﻘرة وﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم ﯾﺟﯾب ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﺗﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻣﻠﺔ واﺣدة؟‬
‫ ﻣﺎ ھو اﻟﻐرض ﻣن اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ؟‬
‫ ﻣﺎ ھﻲ اﻟﻣواد اﻟﺗﻲ اﺳﺗﺧدﻣﮭﺎ اﻟﺑﺎﺣﺛون؟‬
‫ ﻣﺎ اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎرات اﻟﺗﻲ ﻗﺎم ﺑﮭﺎ اﻟﺑﺎﺣﺛون؟‬
‫ ﻣﺎ اﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ )اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ( اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗوﺻﻠوا إﻟﯾﮭﺎ؟‬

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1- INTRODUCTION ‫ اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ‬-1

An introduction gives the reader a “first ‫ﺗﻌطﻲ اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﺎرئ "اﻻﻧطﺑﺎع اﻷول" ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻣوﺿوع وﯾﺟب‬
impression” and should generate interest in the ‫ ﻓﻲ ھذا اﻟﻘﺳم اطرح‬.‫أن ﺗﻛﺗب ﺑﺎﺳﻠوب ﯾﺛﯾر إھﺗﻣﺎم اﻟﻘﺎرئ‬
reader. In this section introduce the subject of the ‫ﻣوﺿوع اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ ووﺻف اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗرﻏب اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
lab and describe the problem the experiment ‫ ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﺗﺿﻣن اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ أﯾﺿًﺎ ﺗﻌرﯾﻔﺎت ﻟـ اﻟﻣﺻطﻠﺣﺎت‬.‫ﺣﻠﮭﺎ‬
wishes to solve. The introduction should also .‫اﻟﻔﻧﯾﺔ‬
include definitions of technical terminology. It ‫ھﻧﺎ ﺑﻌض اﻟﻧﻘﺎط اﻻﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺟب اﺗﺑﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ‬
may also include who conducted the experiment. ‫اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ‬

Here are some tips for organizing your ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل‬.‫ اﺑدأ اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل واﺳﻊ ﺟدًا ﻟﻠﻣوﺿوع‬.1
introduction: ‫ﺗﻘرﯾرا ﻣﻌﻣﻠﯾًﺎ ﺣول ﺗﺟرﺑﺔ‬
ً ‫ ﻟﻧﻔﺗرض أﻧك ﺗﻛﺗب‬، ‫اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬
.‫اﺧﺗﺑرت ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯾر درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة ﻋﻠﻰ إﻧزﯾم اﻟﻛﺎﺗﻼز‬
1. Start off with a very broad introduction ‫ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﺑدأ اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺣدﯾث ﻋن ﻣﺎھﯾﺔ اﻹﻧزﯾﻣﺎت‬
to the topic. For instance, let's say you are .‫وﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﮭﺎ‬
writing a lab report about an experiment
where you tested the effect of ‫ ﻗم ﺑﺗﺿﯾﯾﻖ ﻧطﺎق اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺗﺣدث ﺑﺷﻛل‬، ‫ ﺑﻌد ذﻟك‬.2
temperature on the enzyme catalase. You ‫ وﻟﻣﺎذا‬، ‫أﻛﺛر ﺗﺣدﯾدًا ﻋن اﻟﻣوﺿوع اﻟذي ﺗﺑﺣث ﻓﯾﮫ‬
should start the introduction by talking ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺛﺎل‬.‫ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟدراﺳﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ أﺟرﯾﺗﮭﺎ ﻣﮭﻣﺔ ﺟدًا‬
about what enzymes are and how they ‫ ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﺗﺣدث اﻵن ﺗﺣدﯾدًا ﻋﻣﺎ ﯾﻔﻌﻠﮫ‬، ‫اﻟﻛﺎﺗﻼز‬
work. ‫ وﻟﻣﺎذا‬، ‫ وﻛﯾف ﯾﻌﻣل‬، ‫ وأﯾن ﯾوﺟد‬، ‫إﻧزﯾم اﻟﻛﺎﺗﻼز‬
2. Next, narrow down the introduction to ‫ﻣن اﻟﻣﮭم دراﺳﺔ ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯾر درﺟﺔ اﻟﺣرارة ﻋﻠﻰ ھذا‬
talk more specifically about the topic you .‫اﻹﻧزﯾم‬
are investigating, and why the study you ‫ ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﺗﺿﻣن اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ أﯾﺿًﺎ ﻣراﺟﻌﺔ اﻷدﺑﯾﺎت‬.3
did was so important. In the catalase ‫)اﻟدراﺳﺎت اﻟﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ( اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻧﺎﻗش ﻣﺎ ھو ﻣﻌروف ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌل‬
example, you should now talk ‫ ھذا ھو اﻟﻣﻛﺎن اﻟذي ﺳﺗﻠﺧص ﻓﯾﮫ‬.‫ﻋن اﻟﻣوﺿوع‬
specifically about what the catalase ‫ ﺗﺄﻛد ﻣن‬.‫اﻟﺑﺣوث اﻟﺗﻲ أﺟرﯾت ﺣول ﻣوﺿوﻋك‬
enzyme does, where it is found, how it ‫اﻻﺳﺗﺷﮭﺎد ﺑﻛﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻣﺻﺎدر اﻟﺗﻲ اﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺗﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺣﺛك‬
works, and why it is important enzyme to ‫ﺑﺷﻛل ﺻﺣﯾﺢ‬
study how temperature affects this ‫ واﻟﻔرﺿﯾﺔ اﻟﺗﻲ‬، ‫ ﺣدد اﻟﻐرض ﻣن اﻟدراﺳﺔ‬، ‫أﺧﯾرا‬ ً .4
enzyme. ‫ أو اﻟﺳؤال )اﻷﺳﺋﻠﺔ( اﻟذي‬/ ‫ و‬، ‫اﺧﺗﺑرﺗﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ دراﺳﺗك‬
3. The introduction should also include ‫ﻛﻧت ﺗﺣﺎول اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﯾﮫ‬
a literature review that discusses what is
already known about the topic. This ‫ﯾﺟب أﻻ ﺗﺗﺿﻣن اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﯾل ﺣول اﻹﺟراءات اﻟﺗﻲ‬
where you will summarize the research ‫ اﺣﻔظﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺳم اﻟﻣواد واﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ‬.‫اﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺗﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ دراﺳﺗك‬
you have done about your topic. Make ‫ ﯾﺟب أﯾﺿًﺎ اﻻﺳﺗﺑﻌﺎد ﻋن ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬. ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ‬
sure you properly cite all of the sources ‫اﻟﺗﻲ ﺳﺗظﮭر ﻓﻲ ﻗﺳم اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬
you used in your research.
4. Finally, state the purpose of the study, the
hypothesis you tested in your study,
and/or the question(s) you were trying to
answer.

The introduction should not include details about

the procedures you used in your study. Save
these for the Materials and Methods section.
You should also leave out the results, which will
go in the Results section

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2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES ‫ اﻻﺟراءات اﻟﻣﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ‬-2
The experimental procedures have 2 parts:
:‫ﺗﺗﻛون اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻣﻠﯾﺔ ﻣن ﺟزﺋﯾن‬
1. A list of every material used
2. Steps of what you did in the ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﺑﻛل اﻟﻣواد اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ‬. 1
experiment ‫ﺧطوات ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ‬. 2
Let’s break down what you need to do for each .‫دﻋﻧﺎ ﻧﻔﺻل ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﯾك اﻟﻘﯾﺎم ﺑﮫ ﻟﻛل ﻗﺳم‬
section.

2.1. Materials ‫ اﻟﻣواد‬.1.2

This must list
 Material type ‫ﯾﺟب أن ﯾﺳرد ھذا‬
 Every piece of equipment, you used in ‫ ﻧوع اﻟﻣﺎدة‬
the experiment with photos and a short ‫ ﻛل ﻣﻐدة ﻣن اﻟﻣﻌدات اﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺗﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
description. .‫اﻟﺻور ووﺻف ﻣوﺟز‬

2.2. Procedures ‫ ﺧطوات اﻟﻌﻣل‬.2.2

The rule of thumb is that you should write the ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋدة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯾﺔ ھﻲ أﻧﮫ ﯾﺟب ﻋﻠﯾك ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ اﻟطرﯾﻘﺔ ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ‬
method in a clear way so that readers are able to ‫واﺿﺣﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﯾﺗﻣﻛن اﻟﻘراء ﻣن ﺗﻛرار اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ واﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ‬
repeat the experiment and get similar results. .‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻣﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬
Using a numbered list for the steps of ‫ﯾﻌد اﺳﺗﺧدام ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ ﻣرﻗﻣﺔ ﻟﺧطوات إﺟراﺋك اﻟﺗﺟرﯾﺑﻲ أوﺿﺢ‬
your experimental procedure is much :‫ ﯾﺟب أن ﺗﻛون اﻟﺧطوات‬.‫ﺑﻛﺛﯾر ﻣن ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻘرة ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣن اﻟﻧص‬
clearer than writing a whole paragraph of
text. The steps should: .‫ ﺑﻧﺎ ًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺑﻘﯾﺔ إﺟراﺋﮭﺎ‬، ‫أن ﺗﻛﺗب ﺑﺗرﺗﯾب ﺗﺳﻠﺳﻠﻲ‬ 
 Be written in sequential order, based .‫ﺣدد أي ﻣﻌدات ﺗم اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ‬ 
on when they were performed. .‫ﺣدد ﻛﻣﯾﺔ أي ﻣواد ﺗم اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ‬ 
 Specify any equipment that was
used. ‫ﺗﺣﺗﺎج أﯾﺿًﺎ إﻟﻰ اﺳﺗﺧدام ﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻟﻣﺎﺿﻲ وﺻﯾﻐﺔ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ‬
 Specify the quantity of any materials ‫ ﻣن اﻟﻣﻔﺗرض أن ﺗُظﮭر اﻟﺗﻘﺎرﯾر‬.‫ﻟﻠﻣﺟﮭول ﻋﻧد ﻛﺗﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﻘرﯾرك‬
that were used. .‫ وﻟﯾس ﻣﺎ ﺳﺗﻔﻌﻠﮫ‬، ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺔ ﻟﻠﻘراء ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﺗﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺔ‬
You also need to use past tense and passive voice
when you are writing your method. Scientific
reports are supposed to show the readers what
you did in the experiment, not what you will do.

3. RESULTS ‫ اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬.3
This is where you document the results of your ‫ ﺳﺗﻛون‬.‫ھذا ھو اﻟﻣﻛﺎن اﻟذي ﺗﻘوم ﻓﯾﮫ ﺑﺗوﺛﯾﻖ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﺟرﺑﺗك‬
experiment. The data that you record for your .‫ أو ﻛﻣﯾﺔ‬/ ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺟﻠﮭﺎ ﻟﺗﺟرﺑﺗك ﺑﺷﻛل ﻋﺎم ﻧوﻋﯾﺔ و‬
experiment will generally be qualitative and/or
quantitative. ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻧوﻋﯾﺔ ھﻲ اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺻﻔﺎت وﺗﺳﺗﻧد إﻟﻰ‬
Qualitative data is data that relates to qualities ‫ ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت وﺻﻔﻲ‬.(‫ اﻟﺟودة‬- ‫اﻟﻣﻼﺣظﺎت )اﻟﻧوﻋﯾﺔ‬
and is based on observations (qualitative – ‫ اﻟﺑﻧﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﺟﮭرﯾﺔ‬، ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬.‫وﯾﺗم ﺗﺳﺟﯾﻠﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت‬
quality). This type of data is descriptive and is
recorded in words. For example, the ‫ ﯾﺗم‬.(‫ اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺔ‬- ‫ﺗﺷﯾر اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻌددﯾﺔ )اﻟﻛﻣﯾﺔ‬
microstructure ‫ﺗﺳﺟﯾل ھذا اﻟﻧوع ﻣن اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام اﻷرﻗﺎم وﯾﺗم ﻗﯾﺎﺳﮭﺎ أو‬
‫ ﻋﻠﯾك أن‬، ‫ ﻓﻲ ھذا اﻟﻧوع‬.‫ اﻟﺻﻼﺑﺔ‬، ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺑﯾل اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬.‫ﻋدھﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺳﺟل‬
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Quantitative data refers to numerical data ‫ ﺗﻌد اﻟﺟداول‬، ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌظم اﻷﺣﯾﺎن‬.‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺟك ﺑطرﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﻧﺎﺳﺑﺔ‬
(quantitative – quantity). This type of data is .‫واﻟرﺳوم اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﯾﺔ ھﻲ أﻓﺿل طرﯾﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﯾﺎم ﺑذﻟك‬
recorded using numbers and is either measured
or counted. For example, the hardness. In this
type, you have to record your results in an
appropriate way. Most of the time, the tables and
charts are the best way to do this.
4. DISCUSSION ‫ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬.4
Summarize the major findings of your analysis. ‫ ﻗم ﺑﺗﺿﻣﯾن اﻟﻘﯾم اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﻘوم‬.‫ﻟﺧص اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﯾﺔ ﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾﻠك‬
Include values that you calculate and/or ‫ ﻗم ﺑﺗﻣﺛﯾل ﺑﯾﺎﻧﺎﺗك ﻓﻲ ﺟدول أو رﺳم‬.‫ أو ﻗﯾﺎﺳﮭﺎ‬/ ‫ﺑﺣﺳﺎﺑﮭﺎ و‬
measure. Represent your data in a table or a ‫ ﺛم ﻧﺎﻗش اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬.‫ﺑﯾﺎﻧﻲ‬
graph. Then discuss the results
‫إرﺷﺎدات ﻟﻠﺟداول واﻷﺷﻛﺎل‬
Guidelines for tables and figures . ‫ ﻗم ﺑﺗﺳﻣﯾﺔ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟرﺳوم اﻟﺑﯾﺎﻧﯾﺔ واﻷﺷﻛﺎل ﺑﺎﺳم "اﻟﺷﻛل‬
• Label all graphs and figures as “Fig. [ ].” [ ]. "
 Label all tables as “Table [ ].” [ ]."‫ ﺗﺳﻣﯾﺔ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﺟداول ﺑﺎﺳم "ﺟدول‬
• Figure numbers and captions go under the .‫ أرﻗﺎم اﻻﺷﻛﺎل واﻟﻘﺻﺻﺎت اﻟﺗوﺿﯾﺣﯾﺔ ﺗذھب ﺗﺣت‬
figures. Example: :‫ﻣﺛﺎل‬

Table numbers and titles go above the tables. .‫ اﻧظر اﻟﻣﺛﺎل‬.‫أرﻗﺎم اﻟﺟدول واﻟﻌﻧﺎوﯾن ﺗذھب ﻓوق اﻟﺟداول‬
See example.

• Keep all parts of a table together on the same .‫• اﺣﺗﻔظ ﺑﺟﻣﯾﻊ أﺟزاء اﻟﺟدول ﻣﻌًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔس اﻟﺻﻔﺣﺔ‬
page.
5. CONCLUSION ‫ اﻟﺧﺎﺗﻣﺔ‬.5
A conclusion sums up what has been .‫اﻻﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج ﯾﻠﺧص ﻣﺎ ﺗم اﻛﺗﺷﺎﻓﮫ أﺛﻧﺎء اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬
‫ﯾﺟب ھﯾﻛﻠﺔ اﻟﺧﺎﺗﻣﺔ ﺑﺷﻛل واﺿﺢ وﺷرﺣﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻠوب ﻋﻠﻣﻲ‬
found out during an investigation. ‫ ﻗم ﺑﺗﻘﯾﯾم اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ وطرﯾﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻣل ﻟﻠﺣﻛم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣدى‬، ‫ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻣﻧﺎﻗﺷﺔ‬
A conclusion should be clearly .‫ﻣوﺛوﻗﯾﺔ اﻻﺳﺗﻧﺗﺎج‬
structured and explained using scientific
knowledge.
At the end of an investigation, evaluate
the results and method to judge how
reliable the conclusion is.
6. REFERENCES ‫ اﻟﻣراﺟﻊ‬.6

Create your reference list in APA. .APA ‫ﻗم ﺑﺈﻧﺷﺎء ﻗﺎﺋﻣﺔ اﻟﻣراﺟﻊ اﻟﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑك ﻓﻲ‬