CHM 160 :
CHAPTER_16 : WORKSHEET_Answers
Part I - acid/base conjugates, molecular structure and acid strength, pH of
strong acids/bases, autoionization of water, pH of weak acids/bases
Answer the following questions:
1. Identify the Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases and their conjugates in
a) H2S(aq) + NH3(aq) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + HS-(aq)
b) OH-(aq) + HSO4-(aq) ⇌ H2O(ℓ) + SO42-(aq)
Answer: a) H2S (acid), HS- (conj. base), NH3 (base), and NH4+ (conj. acid);
b) OH- (base), H2O (conj. acid), HSO4- (acid), and SO42- (conj. base)
2. Write separate equations in which the dihydrogen phosphate ion reacts with water to
form its conjugate acid and its conjugate base.
Answer: H2PO4-(aq) + H2O(ℓ) ⇌ H3PO4(aq) (conj. acid) + OH-(aq)
H2PO4-(aq) + H2O(ℓ) ⇌ HPO42-(aq) (conj. base) + H3O+(aq)
3. Rank the following groups of species in terms of increasing acid strength:
Answers in parentheses
a) H2O, H2S, and H2Se. (H2Se > H2S > H2O.)
b) HBrO2, HBrO, HBrO3 (HBrO < HBrO2 < HBrO3)
c) CF3COOH, CH3COOH, CCl3COOH, CHCl2COOH
(CH3COOH < CHCl2COOH < CCl3COOH < CF3COOH)
4. Consider the weak acids HF and H2O. Which acid has the stronger conjugate base?
Justify your answer.
Answer: The conjugate bases of HF and H2O are F- and OH-, respectively. As HF is
a stronger acid than H2O, its conjugate base (F-) must be weaker than that of H2O.
So water has the stronger conjugate acid.
5. Calculate the pH of 250. mL of a 0.0205 M barium hydroxide solution at 25 °C.
Answer: pH = 12.61
6. What mass of NaOH should be added to 745 mL of water at 25 °C to produce a solution
with pH = 9.86?
Answer: 2.16 mg NaOH
7. 100.0 mL of a strong acid solution has pH = 3.665. What is the pH of the solution after
75.0 mL of water is added?
Answer: pH = 3.91
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8. Determine [H3O+] for an aqueous solution at 25 °C that has [OH-] = 5.5×10-5 M. Is the
solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
Answer: [H3O+]eq = 1.8×10-10 M; [OH-] > [H3O+], the solution is basic
9. Determine pOH for an aqueous solution at 25 °C that has [H 3O+] = 1.22×10-2 M.
Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral?
Answer: pOH = 12.086; the solution is acidic
10. Determine [H3O+] at equilibrium of an aqueous solution at 25 °C that has pOH = 5.881.
Answer: [H3O+] = 7.60×10-9 M
11. Is the solution 1.0×10-8 M HCl (aq) acidic, basic, or neutral?
Answer: The [H+] from the autoionization of pure water is 1.0×10 -7 M. Because
there is a small amount of H+ coming from the HCl, [H+] of the solution is slightly
greater than 1.0×10-7 M and the solution is slightly acidic.
12. The autoionization constant of water, Kw, at 75 °C is 2.0×10-13. Determine the pH of
water at this elevated temperature and state whether the water is acidic, basic, or
neutral.
Answer: pH = 6.35 and the water is neutral since [H3O+]eq = [OH-]eq
13. What is the pH of a 0.03 M solution of benzoic acid (Ka = 6.6 x 10 -5)
Ans. pH = 2.9
14. What is the pH of a 0.050 M triethylamine, (C2H5)3N, solution?
Kb for triethylamine is 5.3 x 10-4.
Ans. pH = 11.70
15. A saturated solution of benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, has pH = 2.93. What amount of
benzoic acid is present in a total of 500. mL of this solution?
Ka = 6.6 x 10-5 for C6H5COOH
Ans. 0.011 mol
16. Given that Kb = 1.7 x 10-6 for NH2NH2, calculate the equilibrium constant for the
reaction at 25°C. Kw = 1.0 x 10-14 at 25°C
NH2NH2(aq) + H3O+(aq) ⇌ NH2NH3+(aq) + H2O
Ans: 1.7x108
17. Determine the percent ionization of 0.016 M solution of formic acid at 25°C:
Ka = 1.7 x 10-4
Answer: 9.81%
18. A 0.015 M solution of a monoprotic acid is 0.92 percent ionized. Calculate the ionization
constant(Ka) for the acid.
Answer : 1.3 x 10-6
19. What is the original molarity of a solution of formic acid (HCOOH) whose pH is 3.26 at
25°C? (Ka for formic acid = 1.7× 10−4.)
Answer: 0.0023 M
20. Lactic acid has a pKa of 3.08. What is the approximate degree of dissociation of a 0.42
M solution of lactic acid?
Answer : 4.45 %
21. Consider the weak bases below and their K b values:
NH3 Kb = 1.8 10-5
C2H5NH2 Kb = 5.6 10-4
C5H5N Kb = 1.7 10-9
Arrange the conjugate acids of these weak bases in order of increasing acid
strength.
Answer: C2H5NH3+< NH4+< C5H5NH+
CHAPTER_16 : WORKSHEET_Answers
Part 2 - pH of salt solutions, diprotic acids, Lewis acids/bases
Answer the following questions:
1. State whether the following salt solutions will be acidic, basic, or neutral:
NH4NO3(aq), KBr(aq), NaNO2(aq), CrCl3(aq), LiCl(aq). NH4CN
Kb6.2 x 10-10 for NH3 = 1.8 x 10-5, Ka for HCN = 6.2 x 10-10
Answer: NH4NO3 - acidic, KBr - neutral, NaNO2 - basic, CrCl3 - acidic, LiCl – neutral
NH4CN basic
2. Calculate the pH of a 0.30 M solution of NH4Cl.
(Kb for NH3 = 1.8 x 10-5)
Answer : pH = 4.89
3. Calculate the pH of a 0.050 M solution of NaCN.
(Ka for HCN = 6.2 x 10-10)
Answer : pH = 10.95
4. Arsenic acid, H3AsO4, is used industrially to manufacture insecticides. Arsenic acid is
a polyprotic acid with Ka1 = 2.5 x 10-4, Ka2 = 5.6 x10-8, and Ka3 = 3.0 x 10-13.
What is the concentration of the HAsO 42- and AsO43- in a solution whose initial
arsenic acid concentration was 0.35 M?
Answer : 5.6 x 10-8 M , 1.8 x 10-18 M.
5. Calculate the pH at 25°C of a 0.25 M aqueous solution of phosphoric acid (H3PO4).
For H3PO4, Ka1 = 7.3 10-3, Ka2 = 6.2 10-8, and Ka3 = 4.8 10-13.
Answer : pH = 1.40
6. For H3PO4, Ka1 = 7.3 10-3, Ka2 = 6.2 10-8, and Ka3 = 4.8 10-13.
What is the Kb for HPO42-
Answer : 1.6 x 10-7
7. Calculate the concentration of carbonate ions in a 0.20 M carbonic acid solution. For
H2CO3(aq), Ka1 = 1.3×10-7 and Ka2 = 4.8×10-11.
Answer: [CO32-]eq = 4.8×10-11 M
8. Iodine trichloride, ICl3, will react with a chloride ion to form ICl4-. Which species, if any, acts
as a Lewis acid and Lewis base in this reaction?
Answer : Lewis acid : ICl3, Lewis base : Cl-
9. Classify the following species based on their Lewis acid/base properties:
CH3+, NH2CH3, CH3-, AlCl3, H2O, CH4, CH3OH
Answer: Lewis acid, Lewis base, Lewis base, Lewis acid, Lewis base, neither, Lewis
base
