Human Anatomy, 9e (Martini)

Chapter 8 The Skeletal System: Articulations

8.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) A joint that permits free movement is called ________.

A) a synarthrosis
B) a synostosis
C) a diarthrosis
D) a synchondrosis
E) an amphiarthrosis
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

2) Which of the following is the correct classification for the distal articulation between the tibia
and fibula, and the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna?
A) gomphosis
B) suture
C) syndesmosis
D) synchondrosis
E) synostosis
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

3) A fibrous synarthrosis joint that holds skull bones together is called (a) ________.
A) suture
B) gomphosis
C) synchondrosis
D) synostosis
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

4) A cartilaginous joint that permits slight movement is (a) ________.

A) symphysis
B) synovial joint
C) synostosis
D) synchondrosis
E) gomphosis
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
5) An accessory structure of a joint that may subdivide a synovial cavity, channel the flow of
synovial fluid, or allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces is a ________.
A) ligament
B) bursa
C) meniscus
D) fat pad
E) tendon
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

6) The structure that surrounds a synovial joint is called (a) ________.

A) meniscus
B) joint capsule
C) synovial membrane
D) bursa
E) fat pad
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

7) Which of the following associations is most accurate?

A) synarthroses–slightly movable
B) amphiarthroses–freely movable
C) diarthroses–immovable
D) diarthroses–synovial
E) gomphoses–slightly movable
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

8) Which of the following is a classification of a joint in which the bones are separated by a pad
of fibrous cartilage?
A) ball and socket
B) gliding
C) pivot
D) symphysis
E) hinge
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
9) A dislocation, in which the articulating surfaces of a joint are forced entirely out of position, is
called (a) ________.
A) luxation
B) subluxation
C) congenital abnormality
D) symphysis
E) fracture
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

10) The type of joint formed by the joining of the diaphysis and each epiphysis is called a
________.
A) gomphosis
B) synchondrosis
C) synostosis
D) symphysis
E) suture
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

11) Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid?

A) acts as a shock absorber
B) prevents movement
C) channels the flow of blood
D) restricts joint movement
E) strengthens and reinforces the joint
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

12) Damage to a joint so that it is slightly dislocated is called a ________.

A) luxation
B) subluxation
C) complete dislocation
D) separation
E) strain
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
13) Small, synovial fluid-filled pockets in connective tissue are called ________.
A) tendons
B) intrinsic ligaments
C) fat pads
D) bursae
E) extrinsic ligaments
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

14) A specialized form of fibrous synarthrosis that binds each tooth to the surrounding bony
socket is a ________.
A) syndesmosis
B) symphysis
C) synchondrosis
D) gomphosis
E) synostosis
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

15) The first carpometacarpal joint and the wrist are ________ joints.
A) nonaxial
B) monoaxial
C) triaxial
D) quadaxial
E) biaxial
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

16) Accessory structures found around the joint periphery, which provide packing material and
fill spaces created when the joint cavity changes shape, are called ________.
A) fat pads
B) menisci
C) bursae
D) tendons
E) ligaments
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
17) Movement of joints may occur along how many possible axes of motion?
A) three
B) two
C) one
D) five
E) four
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

18) Which of the following associations describes the shoulder joint?

A) uniaxial–hinge
B) biaxial–condyloid
C) triaxial–ball and socket
D) monaxial–hinge
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

19) An example of angular motion away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal
plane is ________.
A) flexion
B) abduction
C) extension
D) rotation
E) adduction
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

20) Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between the articulating
elements is ________.
A) abduction
B) adduction
C) extension
D) rotation
E) flexion
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
21) Pronation and supination occur at a/the ________.
A) humeroulnar joint
B) radio-ulnar joint
C) temporomandibular joint
D) glenohumeral joint
E) tibiofibular joint
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

22) Which of the following is an example of angular motion?

A) depression
B) protraction
C) extension
D) eversion
E) opposition
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

23) What movement occurs when the vertebral column bends to the side?
A) flexion
B) lateral flexion
C) abduction
D) elevation
E) adduction
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

24) The first carpometacarpal joint is an example of a/an ________.

A) hinge joint
B) ellipsoid joint
C) pivot joint
D) gliding joint
E) saddle joint
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
25) Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane is called ________.
A) flexion
B) opposition
C) retraction
D) protraction
E) extension
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

26) The atlanto-axial joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.

A) gliding
B) pivot
C) saddle
D) ellipsoid
E) hinge
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

27) A joint that allows only rotational movements is called a ________.

A) circumductive joint
B) pivot joint
C) gliding joint
D) pronation joint
E) ball and socket
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

28) Intercarpal joints are ________.

A) ellipsoidal joints
B) hinge joints
C) plane joints
D) ball and socket joints
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
29) The temporomandibular joint is ________.
A) amphiarthrotic
B) a symphysis
C) a gliding joint
D) actually made up of three separate joints
E) primarily a hinge joint
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

30) The insertion of the ________ (an extracapsular structure of the temporomandibular joint)
covers the posterior portion of the mylohyoid line.
A) lateral ligament
B) temporomandibular ligament
C) geniohyoid ligament
D) sphenomandibular ligament
E) stylomandibular ligament
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

31) The condition called ________ may occur under severe compression, when the nucleus
pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosus.
A) rheumatoid arthritis
B) rheumatism
C) herniated disc
D) a sprain
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

32) Joints between the superior and inferior articulating facets of adjacent vertebrae are called
________.
A) symphyses
B) gomphoses
C) synostoses
D) syndesmoses
E) zygapophysial joints
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
33) A painful condition associated with disc degeneration that affects the spinal nerves is called
the ________.
A) bulging disc
B) herniated disc
C) intervertebral disc disease
D) sciata
E) ankylosing spondylitis
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

34) During a shoulder separation injury, which of the following structures is most likely to be
damaged?
A) acromioclavicular ligament
B) coracohumeral ligament
C) coracoacromial ligament
D) sternoclavicular ligament
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

35) Which structure(s), firmly attached to the superior border of the manubrium, prevents
dislocation when the shoulder is depressed?
A) glenoid labrum
B) interclavicular ligament
C) anterior sternoclavicular ligament
D) costoclavicular ligament
E) glenohumeral ligament
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

36) The joint that permits the greatest range of motion in the entire body is the ________.
A) hip
B) shoulder
C) knee
D) elbow
E) neck
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
37) The ________ extends between the greater and lesser tubercles and holds the long head of
the biceps brachii muscle in the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
A) coracoclavicular ligament
B) acromioclavicular ligament
C) glenohumeral ligament
D) transverse humeral ligament
E) coracoacromial ligament
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

38) The movement made at the proximal radioulnar joint when turning the palm of the hand
upward is called ________.
A) extension
B) supination
C) flexion
D) retraction
E) pronation
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

39) Which ligament is often injured as a result of the repetitive, high-velocity motions involved
in throwing?
A) radial collateral ligament
B) annular ligament
C) transverse humeral ligament
D) ulnar collateral ligament
E) coracoacromial ligament
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

40) At the humeroradial joint, the ________ articulates with the head of the radius.
A) capitulum
B) greater tubercle
C) glenoid labrum
D) lesser tubercle
E) trochlea
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
41) Which structure(s) connects the distal radius to the anterior surfaces of the scaphoid, lunate,
and triquetrum?
A) dorsal radiocarpal ligament
B) ulnar collateral ligament
C) palmar radiocarpal ligament
D) radial collateral ligament
E) intercarpal ligament
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

42) The metacarpophalangeal joints are ________ joints.

A) saddle
B) plane
C) hinge
D) gliding
E) condylar
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

43) Which of the following is an intracapsular ligament that stabilizes the hip joint, and tightens
only when the thigh is flexed and undergoing external rotation?
A) the iliofemoral ligament
B) the pubofemoral ligament
C) the ischiofemoral ligament
D) the transverse acetabular ligament
E) the ligament of the femoral head
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

44) The ________ crosses the acetabular notch in the hip joint.
A) transverse acetabular ligament
B) iliofemoral ligament
C) acetabular labrum
D) pubofemoral ligament
E) ischiofemoral ligament
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.8
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
45) The knee joint differs from other large, complex synovial joints of the body in which of the
following features?
A) It is a hinge joint.
B) It is reinforced by ligaments.
C) It is rarely dislocated.
D) It is composed of two joints within a complex synovial capsule.
E) The knee joint does not differ from other joints.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

46) Which of the knee structures function(s) to reinforce the medial and lateral surfaces of the
joint, tighten only at full extension of the joint, and act to stabilize the joint?
A) patellar ligament
B) tibial and fibular collateral ligaments
C) popliteal ligaments
D) anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
E) iliofemoral ligament
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

47) The cruciate ligaments attach to the ________ of the tibia.

A) condyles
B) epicondyles
C) anterior tuberosity
D) intercondylar area
E) linea aspera
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

48) Which structure(s) is/are attached to the anterior surface of the tibia?
A) tibial collateral ligament
B) popliteal ligament
C) anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
D) patellar ligament
E) fibular collateral ligament
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
49) ________ of the knee is preceded by unlocking of the knee.
A) Extension
B) Protraction
C) Opposition
D) Retraction
E) Flexion
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

50) The superficial ________ reinforce(s) the back of the knee joint.
A) anterior cruciate ligament
B) patellar ligaments
C) popliteal ligaments
D) medial collateral ligament
E) posterior cruciate ligament
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

51) Structures that compose the ankle joint include ________.

A) the distal articular surface of the tibia
B) the medial malleolus
C) the lateral malleolus of the fibula
D) the trochlea and lateral articular facets of the talus
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.10
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

52) Which of the following are condylar joints in the foot that permit flexion/extension and
abduction/adduction?
A) intertarsal joints
B) tarsometatarsal joints
C) metatarsophalangeal joints
D) interphalangeal joints
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.10
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
53) The major weight-bearing articulation of the ankle is the ________ joint.
A) tibiocalcaneal
B) tibiotalar
C) tibiofibular
D) fibulocuboidal
E) fibulotalar
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.10
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

54) Which of the following fractures are among the most dangerous seen in elderly people?
A) hip fractures
B) knee fractures
C) elbow fractures
D) ankle fractures
E) wrist fractures
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.11
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

55) Arthritis always involves damage to (the) ________.

A) bony tissue
B) bursae
C) ligaments
D) articular cartilages
E) tendon sheaths
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.11
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

8.2 True/False Questions

1) Plantar flexion elevates the heel and plantar surface of the foot.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

2) The sphenomandibular ligament attaches the styloid process to the mandibular ramus.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 8.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

3) Ankylosing spondylitis is arthritis that affects the joints of the axial skeleton.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

4) One of the thickenings in the anterior aspect of the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint is
the glenohumeral ligament.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

5) A ligament that originates at the base of the coracoid process and inserts on the head of the
humerus is the acromioclavicular ligament.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

6) The ligament that ties the clavicle to the coracoid process to limit the relative motion between
the clavicle and scapula is the coracoclavicular ligament.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

7) The head of the radius is held in place by the annular ligament and the quadrate ligament.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 8.6
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

8) The radial collateral ligament extends from the styloid process of the radius to the medial
surface of the scaphoid.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 8.7
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

9) Turn soles inward is called dorsiflexion.

Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 8.10
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

10) Potts fracture involves the medial and lateral malleolus.

Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 8.10
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
8.3 Essay Questions

1) What are the components of a synovial joint?

Answer: The outer layers of a synovial joint include a fibrous joint capsule, reinforced by
thickenings, often named as separate ligaments. Inside the capsule, the articular surfaces of the
bones are covered by articular cartilages, and lined by synovial membrane. Synovial membrane
secretes a synovial fluid that lubricates the joint. The joint may also be cushioned and subdivided
by bursae, fat pads, and menisci.
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

2) How does a syndesmosis differ from a symphysis, even though both are classified as
amphiarthroses?
Answer: Amphiarthroses permit very little movement, but a syndesmosis is connected by
ligaments in a region such as the connection between the distal tibia and fibula. A symphysis
allows little movement also, but in this case the bones are separated by a pad or wedge of
fibrocartilage, as in the pubic symphysis.
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing

3) Why are the functional requirements of the lower limb joints different from those of the upper
limb?
Answer: The functional requirements of the joints in the lower limb are very different from
those of the upper limb because articulations at the hip, knee, and ankle must transfer the body
weight to the ground. Consequently, during movements such as running, jumping, or twisting,
the applied forces are considerably greater than the weight of the body.
Learning Outcome: 8.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 5-6: Evaluating/Creating

4) Why do human beings lose height as they reach old age?

Answer: Since the intervertebral discs make a significant contribution to an individual's height,
they account for roughly one-quarter of the length of the vertebral column above the sacrum. As
an individual ages, the water content of the nucleus pulposus within each disc decreases as the
gelatinous core is replaced by fibrous cartilage. The discs gradually become less effective as a
cushion, and the chances for vertebral injury increase. Loss of water by the discs also causes
shortening of the vertebral column, which accounts for the characteristic decrease in height with
advanced age.
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
5) How does the construction of the shoulder capsule contribute to the extensive range of motion
of the shoulder joint?
Answer: The articular capsule of the shoulder joint extends from the scapular neck to the
humerus. It is a relatively oversized capsule that is weakest at its inferior surface. When the
upper limb is in the anatomical position, the capsule is tight superiorly and loose inferiorly and
anteriorly. The construction of the capsule contributes to the extensive range of motion as the
bones of the pectoral girdle provide some stability to the superior surface. This stability is due to
the acromion and coracoid processes projecting laterally superior to the humeral head. However,
most of the stability at this joint is provided by the ligaments and surrounding skeletal muscles,
and their associated tendons.
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing
8.4 Labeling Questions

Figure 8.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic view of a simple articulation, identify the specified
labeled items in each of the following questions.

1) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

A) Meniscus
B) Bursa
C) Articular cartilage
D) Medullary cavity
E) Joint capsule
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
2) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.
A) Endosteum
B) Synovial membrane
C) Joint capsule
D) Periosteum
E) Articular cartilage
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

3) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

A) Periosteum
B) Articular cartilage
C) Endosteum
D) Medullary cavity
E) Compact bone
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

4) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

A) Periosteum
B) Articular cartilage
C) Endosteum
D) Medullary cavity
E) Synovial membrane
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

5) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

A) Endosteum
B) Articular cartilage
C) Periosteum
D) Compact bone
E) Medullary cavity
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
6) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.
A) Periosteum
B) Joint cavity
C) Medullary cavity
D) Compact bone
E) Articular cartilage
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Figure 8.2

Using the above-referenced anterior view and lateral and sectional views of the intervertebral
articulations, identify the specified labeled items in each of the following questions.

7) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

A) Transverse process
B) Intervertebral foramen
C) Spinous process
D) Ligamentum flavum
E) Superior articular process
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
8) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.
A) Posterior longitudinal ligament
B) Supraspinous ligament
C) Interspinous ligament
D) Anterior longitudinal ligament
E) Ligamentum flavum
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

9) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

A) Interspinous ligament
B) Anterior longitudinal ligament
C) Supraspinous ligament
D) Annulus fibrosus
E) Posterior longitudinal ligament
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

10) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

A) Intervertebral disc
B) Superior articular facet
C) End plate
D) Transverse process
E) Inferior articular facet
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

11) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

A) Vertebral foramen
B) End plate
C) Intervertebral foramen
D) Ligamentum flavum
E) Transverse foramen
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
12) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H.
A) Posterior longitudinal ligament
B) Ligamentum flavum
C) Supraspinous ligament
D) Anterior longitudinal ligament
E) Infraspinous ligament
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

13) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I.

A) End plate
B) Intervertebral disc
C) Ligamentum flavum
D) Supraspinous ligament
E) Interspinous ligament
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

14) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.

A) Ligamentum flavum
B) End plate
C) Supraspinous ligament
D) Annulus fibrosus
E) Interspinous ligament
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

15) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L.

A) Supraspinous ligament
B) Nucleus pulposus
C) Ligamentum flavum
D) End plate
E) Annulus fibrosus
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
16) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label N.
A) Ligamentum flavum
B) Annulus fibrosus
C) Nucleus pulposus
D) Spinal nerve
E) End plate
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Figure 8.3

Using the above-referenced anterior view of the right shoulder joint, identify the specified
labeled items in each of the following questions.

17) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

A) Transverse humeral ligament
B) Tendon of supraspinatus muscle
C) Acromioclavicular ligament
D) Coraco-acromial ligament
E) Coracoclavicular ligament
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
18) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.
A) Acromion
B) Humerus
C) Coracoid process
D) Clavicle
E) Coronoid process
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

19) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

A) Subdeltoid bursa
B) Humerus
C) Coracoid process
D) Coronoid process
E) Acromion
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

20) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

A) Tendon of brachialis muscle
B) Tendon of coracobrachialis muscle
C) Tendon of infraspinatus muscle
D) Tendon of supraspinatus muscle
E) Tendon of teres minor muscle
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

21) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

A) Tendon of biceps brachii muscle
B) Tendon of supraspinatus muscle
C) Transverse humeral ligament
D) Tendon of subscapularis muscle
E) Tendon of infraspinatus muscle
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
22) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.
A) Tendon of brachialis muscle
B) Tendon of biceps brachii muscle
C) Tendon of supraspinatus muscle
D) Tendon of infraspinatus muscle
E) Tendon of subscapularis muscle
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

23) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H.

A) Tendon of supraspinatus muscle
B) Tendon of coracobrachialis muscle
C) Tendon of biceps brachii muscle
D) Tendon of brachialis muscle
E) Tendon of infraspinatus muscle
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

24) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L.

A) Acromioclavicular ligaments
B) Coracoclavicular ligaments
C) Glenohumeral ligaments
D) Coraco-acromial ligaments
E) Ligamenta flava
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

25) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label N.

A) Coracoclavicular ligament
B) Coracohumeral ligament
C) Acromioclavicular ligament
D) Ligamentum flavum
E) Coraco-acromial ligament
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
26) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label P.
A) Humerus
B) Coracoid process
C) Greater tubercle
D) Acromion
E) Glenoid labrum
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

27) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label R.

A) Coracoclavicular ligaments
B) Acromioclavicular ligaments
C) Glenohumeral ligaments
D) Coraco-acromial ligaments
E) Ligamentum flavum
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

28) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label S.

A) Glenohumeral ligaments
B) Coracoclavicular ligament
C) Coraco-acromial ligament
D) Ligamentum flavum
E) Acromioclavicular ligament
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Figure 8.4

Using the above-referenced lateral view of the right shoulder joint (humerus removed), identify
the specified labeled items in each of the following questions.

29) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

A) Subacromial bursa
B) Coracoid process
C) Coronoid process
D) Glenoid labrum
E) Acromion
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
30) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.
A) Glenoid labrum
B) Acromion
C) Subacromial bursa
D) Coracoid process
E) Coronoid process
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

31) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

A) Tendon of infraspinatus muscle
B) Tendon of supraspinatus muscle
C) Tendon of biceps brachii muscle
D) Tendon of teres minor muscle
E) Tendon of subscapularis muscle
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

32) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.

A) Supraspinatus muscle
B) Infraspinatus muscle
C) Subscapularis muscle
D) Teres major muscle
E) Teres minor muscle
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

33) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.

A) Coronoid process
B) Acromion
C) Coracoid process
D) Subdeltoid bursa
E) Glenoid cavity
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
34) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L.
A) Tendons of supraspinatus muscle
B) Tendons of infraspinatus muscle
C) Tendons of biceps brachii muscle
D) Tendons of subscapularis muscle
E) Glenohumeral ligaments
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

35) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M.

A) Teres minor muscle
B) Supraspinatus muscle
C) Subscapularis muscle
D) Infraspinatus muscle
E) Teres major muscle
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

36) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label P.

A) Acromion
B) Humerus
C) Coracoid process
D) Glenoid labrum
E) Coronoid process
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

37) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label R.

A) Coracoclavicular ligaments
B) Glenohumeral ligaments
C) Acromioclavicular ligaments
D) Coraco-acromial ligaments
E) Ligamentum flavum
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
38) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label T.
A) Tendon of subscapularis muscle
B) Tendon of infraspinatus muscle
C) Tendon of supraspinatus muscle
D) Tendon of biceps brachii muscle
E) Tendon of teres minor muscle
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

Figure 8.5

Using the above-referenced posterior views of the extended right knee (joint capsule removed in
right side cadaveric image), identify the specified labeled items in each of the following
questions.

39) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

A) Soleus muscle
B) Plantaris muscle
C) Popliteus muscle
D) Semitendinosus muscle
E) Gastrocnemius muscle
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
40) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.
A) Fibular collateral ligament
B) Anterior cruciate ligament
C) Posterior cruciate ligament
D) Tibial collateral ligament
E) Patellar ligament
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

41) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

A) Popliteal ligaments
B) Patellar ligaments
C) Anterior cruciate ligaments
D) Posterior cruciate ligaments
E) Fibular collateral ligaments
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

42) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.

A) Popliteus muscle
B) Gastrocnemius muscle
C) Soleus muscle
D) Plantaris muscle
E) Semimembranosus muscle
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

43) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label J.

A) Tendon of the biceps femoris muscle
B) Tendon of the popliteus muscle
C) Tendon of the semimembranosus muscle
D) Tendon of the semitendinosus muscle
E) Tendon of the plantaris muscle
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
44) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.
A) Tibial collateral ligament
B) Anterior cruciate ligament
C) Fibular collateral ligament
D) Posterior cruciate ligament
E) Popliteal ligament
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

45) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.

A) Posterior cruciate ligament
B) Fibular collateral ligament
C) Anterior cruciate ligament
D) Tibial collateral ligament
E) Patellar ligament
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

46) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label P.

A) Medial condyle
B) Greater trochanter
C) Lateral condyle
D) Lesser trochanter
E) Linea aspera
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

47) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Q.

A) Anterior cruciate ligament
B) Tibial collateral ligament
C) Posterior cruciate ligament
D) Popliteal ligament
E) Fibular collateral ligament
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
48) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label R.
A) Lateral meniscus
B) Lateral condyle
C) Medial condyle
D) Medial meniscus
E) Posterior cruciate ligament
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

49) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label S.

A) Anterior cruciate ligament
B) Fibular collateral ligament
C) Patellar ligament
D) Popliteal ligament
E) Posterior cruciate ligament
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

50) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label U.

A) Lateral condyle
B) Head of fibula
C) Linea aspera
D) Medial condyle
E) Head of tibia
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

51) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label W.

A) Medial meniscus
B) Fibular collateral ligament
C) Lateral meniscus
D) Tibial collateral ligament
E) Anterior cruciate ligament
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
52) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label X.
A) Medial condyle
B) Head of fibula
C) Biceps femoris muscle
D) Lateral condyle
E) Semimembranosus muscle
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

53) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Y.

A) Tibial collateral ligament
B) Anterior cruciate ligament
C) Posterior cruciate ligament
D) Patellar ligament
E) Fibular collateral ligament
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
Figure 8.6

Using the above-referenced anterior view of the right knee at full flexion (joint capsule, patella,
and associated ligaments removed), identify the specified labeled items in each of the following
questions.

54) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.

A) Tibial collateral ligament
B) Anterior cruciate ligament
C) Fibular collateral ligament
D) Posterior cruciate ligament
E) Medial meniscus
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
55) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.
A) Lateral condyle
B) Head of fibula
C) Head of tibia
D) Lateral meniscus
E) Medial condyle
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

56) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

A) Posterior cruciate ligament
B) Lateral meniscus
C) Fibular collateral ligament
D) Anterior cruciate ligament
E) Medial meniscus
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

57) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

A) Tendon of biceps femoris muscle
B) Tendon of semitendinosus muscle
C) Tendon of plantaris muscle
D) Tendon of semimembranosus muscle
E) Tendon of popliteus muscle
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

58) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H.

A) Fibular collateral ligament
B) Anterior cruciate ligament
C) Tibial collateral ligament
D) Patellar ligament
E) Posterior cruciate ligament
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
59) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I.
A) Lateral meniscus
B) Anterior cruciate ligament
C) Medial meniscus
D) Posterior cruciate ligament
E) Tibial collateral ligament
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

60) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label J.

A) Tibial collateral ligament
B) Anterior cruciate ligament
C) Posterior cruciate ligament
D) Medial meniscus
E) Fibular collateral ligament
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding

61) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.

A) Anterior cruciate ligament
B) Fibular collateral ligament
C) Patellar ligament
D) Posterior cruciate ligament
E) Tibial collateral ligament
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8.9
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding