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Cambridge IGCSE™

HISTORY 0470/11
Paper 1 October/November 2023

2 hours

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answerthreequestions in total:
Section A (Core Content): answer
twoquestions.
Section B (Depth Studies): answer
onequestion.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 12 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (LK) 314203/1
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SECTION A: CORE CONTENT

Answer any two questions from this section.

1 The Paris peace settlement did not please everyone.

(a) What was meant by ‘self-determination’? [4]

(b) Why was the Treaty of Sèvres unpopular in Turkey? [6]

(c) ‘German bitterness over the peace treaty was caused by reparations.’ How far do you
agree
with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

2 The League of Nations enjoyed mixed fortunes.

(a) What were the agencies of the League of Nations? [4]

(b) Why was the League able to resolve the dispute over the Aaland Islands? [6]

(c) ‘Failure to bring about disarmament was the most important problem facing the League in
the
1930s.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

3 7 In 1950 tensions in Korea escalated into war.

(a) What was Truman’s attitude to the North’s invasion of South Korea? [4]

Truman’s attitude towards the North´s invasion of South Korea was that he didn’t wanted
communism to expand more, so he thought he should protect South Korea from
communism. Also, as it was in a cold war between the USSR and USA, he wanted to
prove that communism wouldn´t expand. Truman believed that he needed to gain again
the territory lost of South Korea, so it would be back in the 38th parallel as before war.

(b) Why did North Korea invade South Korea in 1950? [6]

North Korea invaded South Korea because they wanted to expand communism. As the
leader in North Korea was a well-trained communist in the USSR, its believes were that
communism should be expand through all the war. In instance, the USSR provided arms
to help the North Korea. Because of this, it can be said that North Korea invaded South
Korea to expand communism

In addition, North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950 because they wanted an only
Korea. This means that North Korea wanted an unified nation that was all communist.
They didn’t wanted to be divided by the 38th parallel, they wanted an all-communism
nation.

(c) ‘The Korean War was a victory for the United Nations.’ How far do you agree with this
statement? Explain your answer. [10]
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I agree to a high extent that the Korean War was a victory for the United Nations. It could
be said it was a success for the UN because it showed it could win even with North
Korean and its help and they could detain communism. However, they had to accept that
North Korea was communist.

In one hand, the Korean War was a victory for the UN because it showed that they could
win despite North Korea had help. In the conflict between North Korea and South Korea,
when Mc Arthur without permission of the United Nations after winning back the South
territory, je pushed even more till almost the border of China. Therefore, China united with
North Korea after the warning that it would join war if they pressed on more of North
Korea. However, even when North Koreans and China pushed them back, they could re-
gain the territory till the 17th parallel, like before war. This means that despite the help,
they could still win the South territory.

In the other hand, it can be treated as a victory for the UN because they successfully
achieved to stop communism spreading further more. A clearly aim of the UN was to stop
communism spread. And while pushing back after the north side invaded, it clearly
showed they could handle stopping communism to spread. For this reason, the Korean
war was treated as a victory for the UN because of its effectively stopping communism.

However, the Korean can be seen not as a victory for the UN because of North Korea still
being communism. Despite the aim of the UN in this war was to restore South territory, it
can be seen as no victory for the UN since they had to accept that North Korea remained
communism. For instance, after the Korean war, North Korean became a nuclear power,
still being communism, being a threat. Thus, accepting they were communist was not a
victory

In closing, the Korean war was a successfully win for the UN since they showed clearly
they would be persistence and win back South territory and that they stopped
communism spread. Despite being the fact that North Korean still was communist, the UN
achieved its main aim in this dispute

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[10] SECTION B: DEPTH STUDIES

Answer any one question from this section.

DEPTH STUDY B: GERMANY, 1918–45

4 Several factors worked to Hitler’s advantage in the early 1930s.

(a) What was the Reichstag Fire?

The Reichstag fire was when the Reichstag building was set on fire. To add, Hitler
blamed the communists for the fire and arrested them. Furthermore, it was when hitler
called another elections to gain more seats in the Reichstag.

(b) Why did the Night of the Long Knives take place?

The Night of the Long Knives took place because Hitler decided to choose the army over
the SA. Rohm was the leader of the SA, many leaders in the army had lack of confidence
of Rohm because he talked about doing the SA an army. For instance, Hitler had to
choose between the army and the SA, next he ordered to look in Rohm house and arrest
him for plotting and murder Hitler.

Furthermore, The Night of the Long Knives took place because Hitler distrusted Rohm.
Hitler thought that Rohm could take control of the SA and overthrow Hitler. For instance,
Hitler accused Rohm and killed him. The Night of the Long Knives took place because of
the distrust towards Rohm.

(c) ‘Hitler became Chancellor because he had the support of wealthy industrialists.’ How far
do
you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [10]

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