ASSIGNMENT 1
WRITING A PROJECT
Nama : DeboraAgustina
NIM : 43216120324
Program Studi Akuntansi
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS
UNIVERSITAS MERCU BUANA
JAKARTA
2020
DISCUSSION
Hospitality Business Process and Chart of Accounts
Business process is a set of series of activities or activities that are structured to produce a
particular service in accordance with the objectives. To understand simply, this business process
can be interpreted as a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Business processes play an
important role in the development of the company. As one of the pillars of the company, the
quality of business processes will determine how a service or product is made. Business
processes reflect how the company is managed, bad business processes will of course cause
many problems both directly and indirectly.
As a system, in the hospitality business it certainly has several elements that move in synergy to
meet the needs of visitors / guests / consumers. Services are the main goal for the satisfaction of
the guests' visit followed by the fulfillment of other related needs as they are available so that
guest comfort is guaranteed. In general, some fields or often referred to as departments within
the scope of work of hospitality can be known as follows
2.1.1 Front Office
The Front Office department or often abbreviated as FO has the task of connecting directly with
guests, accepting bookings for guest rooms, accepting guest registrations, as well as providing
information desired by guests. This department is the first impression for guests when guests
want to check in. FO is divided into several sections including: Reservation, Reception,
Telephone Operators, Front Office Cashier, Uniform Service / Concierge, Information, Guest
Relations Officer.
2.1.2 Food and Beverage
Food and Beverage department or abbreviated FB handles matters relating to providing food and
beverage processing and in charge of providing services to guests when eating at restaurants. FB
consists of: Food & Beverage Production (a part in charge of processing food ingredients into
ripe ingredients to be provided to its guests). Food & Beverage Service is a service in the form of
delivery of guest orders.
2.1.3 Housekeeping
Housekeeping department is a department in a hotel that has duties and responsibilities for all
hotel cleanliness both in the room and public area and cleaning various hotel facilities.
Housekeeping is divided into several sections, namely: Floor Section, Public Area Section, Linen
/ uniform Section, Laundry section, Valet, Washer, Presser, Marker, Checker, Gardener section,
Florist section, Recreation / swimmimg pool section
2.1.4 Accounting
Accounting department is a hotel department that has responsibility for all hotel administration
matters, both regarding expenses and financial income at the hotel in question.
2.1.5 Personnel
The Department of Personnel as one of the hotel departments in charge of receiving and placing
employees / trainees, as well as handling problems faced by employees.
2.1.6 Engineering
Engineering Department, as a hotel department that is responsible for handling maintenance and
repair of all kinds of equipment and machinery that are owned / owned by the hotel, especially if
it is damaged or disturbed.
2.1.7 Marketing
Marketting department as a part that is tasked with marketing the hotel to the public and
prospective customers / visitors in order to experience an increase in guests who will stay and
use hotel facilities.
2.1.8 Purchasing
Purchasing department is a part that is responsible for the overall purchase of goods and all hotel
needs.
2.1.9 Security
The Security Department is the part that is responsible for maintaining the security of the
hotel and guests during their stay and is active within the scope of the hotel.
Chart Of Accout
Accounting Process
Hospitality Accounting System is a form of financial reporting or recording of all transaction
journals both daily transactions and a certain period. The Hospitality Accounting System is
intended and intended as guidance material in the preparation and presentation of financial data,
and as a guide that covers the basics of financial accounting as in accounting systems in general.
The hotel accounting system is also a tool that provides a more accurate and easy to understand
tool in analyzing the financial system by hotel management that aims as a basis for developing
hotel financial policies in the future.
In recording the hotel accounting system, the recording of accounts is divided into two main
parts. The first part consists of the format and requirements for the presentation of reports related
to finance and others. Reports are explained in both narrative and special format. And the second
part is giving names to accounts and chart of accounts.
The accounting cycle in a hotel business is broadly the same as the accounting cycle in other
types of businesses. In each accounting period, the accounting cycle will begin with recording
the transaction ending with a post-closing trial balance. The accounting process can be done
manually or using a computer application. Some important transactions in hotel operations,
namely:
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Sales of Products and Services For efficiency and ease the work of the accounting
department, daily transactions of sales of products and services are recorded in a special book of
sales, at the end of the new accounting period a special sales journal is made. The hotel business
has the main sources of income from room sales (Room Revenue), food sales and beverage sales
(Food and Beverage Revenue), where on the one hand it sells services and on the other hand sells
goods. Unlike other businesses, sales in hotel businesses are unique, namely:
a. Products sold are a combination of goods and services.
b. Sales in hotel businesses usually have high volumes with relatively low individual
prices, almost the same as retail businesses.
c. Products in the form of goods sold are produced through the production process as is
done by manufacturing companies.
d. Companies must have capacity stocks to be able to sell products in the form of
services.
e. Sales of products and services are taxed and service (tax and service).
The sales cycle will involve accounts receivable (city ledger, guest ledger, credit card)
accounts, cash and cash equivalent accounts, sales accounts, PHR (Government Tax) debt
accounts, and collecting service fees to consumers on behalf of employees. Periodically, the
collected service money is distributed to employees, usually after deducting loss and breakage.
Cash Receipts and Cash Disbursements
It is a transaction from billing and daily cash sales where the results of billing, cash sales, and
daily cash disbursements are recorded in a special book called cash book and bank.
Purchase of Products and Services
For efficiency and to facilitate the work of the accounting department, daily transactions for the
purchase of products and services are recorded for a special purchase book, at the end of the
accounting period a special purchase journal is made.
Payroll (Salary System)
Because the hotel consists of several departments, the personnel must make a recapitulation of
payroll, wages, and PPH 21 in accordance with the department in which the employee works. To
simplify financial management arrangements in the hospitality business, an accounting
automation system that is needed can be connected to all divisions and records all financial
transactions easily and efficiently such as a Journal.
Journal is an online accounting software that provides integrated accounting services and can be
used by several departments / divisions at once in one system. With Journal, you can monitor all
financial transactions from several different financial sections anytime and anywhere instantly
through your smartphone. Get all important information about the Journal here and have the ease
of managing your hotel business financial accounting with our partnership.
Preparation of Financial Statements
Financial Accounting Reports
Financial accounting reports are prepared based on Indonesian GAAP, so that there is not much
difference between the financial accounting reports prepared by other industries. The main
characteristic that distinguishes it from other industries is only the problem of the many types of
income (including trading companies, service companies, manufacturing companies, and
brokerage services). Likewise, the calculation of the price is adjusted to the type of sales.
Financial reporting analysis can be done by a variety of methods, including:
a. Ratio analysis
[Link] horizon
c. Vertical analysis
[Link] of sources and uses of funds
e. Measurement of health and financial performance of various perceptions
3.1.2. Management Accounting Report
There are several things that need to be considered that relate to the preparation of management
accounting reports such as:
a. Management accounting reports are not bound by the rules specified in Indonesian GAAP.
b. Management accounting reports emphasize the relevance of information generated as a basis
for decision making,
c. Management accounting reports are not only based on historical data but also include
interpretations and predictions in the future.
d. Management accounting reports do not merely report information in units of money but also
include other units of measurement. As for the objectives of management accounting reporting
include the following matters:
a. Measure and assess the performance of a unit, department or organization as a whole.
b. Provide information to management quickly and accurately in the context of decision making.
c. Assist management in determining or planning.
Form and Framework of Management Accounting Reports
Management accounting reports basically show a comparison between budget and realization.
With this form, users are expected to be able to monitor more early any irregularities that occur
to immediately make decisions and remedial actions. Thus management accounting reports
require objective projection data so that the decisions made are not biased. The planning / budget
made is one of the benchmarks in conducting assessments and controls. The control process
generally consists of several stages as follows:
a. Determination of the implementation of work and benchmarks for the success of an
accountability center.
b. Delegation of authority.
c. Supervision of implementation.
d. Measurement of work.
e. Comparison between budget and realization. The difference between the budget and the
realization is further identified and elaborated by various methods that can provide a way out.
The above control stages are relatively the same as those in each industry. The specific thing is
located in the institutionalization and the nature of accountability and benchmarks of success in
accordance with the existing organizational structure in the hotel. Reports based on the
responsibility center at the hotel are expected to be used to evaluate the achievement of targets
for each responsibility center and to encourage an increase in performance.
3.1.3 Management Report
Management requires reporting on the results of activities in a period, where this report is used
as a basis for making strategic planning and as a benchmark in decision making. The reports
produced include: a.
Departmental report, which explains the results of activation in a period for each operating
department and supporting department (overhead). This report is used as supporting information
for financial reports. B.
Statistics, namely reports that provide information about the number of rooms available for sale
(roomavaliable), the number of occupancy rates (room accupied), the percentage of occupancy
rate (% of occupancy), the average selling room price (average room rate), the number of guests
who stay (number of guests) guest), and other information. Information about hotel statistics can
be seen in the Daily of sales.
[Link] reports, consisting of:
1. Income statement (income statement),
explain the revenue and expense of the results of operations in a period.2.
2. Balance sheet (balance sheet),
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position statement of the operation of an operation in a financial period.
3. Statement of cash flow (statement of cash flow), describes the changes in cash position, both
at the source and use of cash.
CLOSING
Suggestion
In my opinion, in this globalization era, the Indonesian people need to make various
improvements in all fields. The basic fields that are quite important such as social and cultural,
political, legal and economic fields. This needs to be done so that the changes that occur later for
the better.
We also need to instill the application of the values of the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila so
that the Indonesian people continue to advance and the characteristics of the nation are
maintained even though the influence of the Globalization era is inevitable. I am sure that this
nation will have a better life if it sticks to existing guidelines, even though the age and
technology are increasingly sophisticated.
