INTEGRATED CROP YIELD PREDICTION AND

MARKETPLACE PLATFORM
A Major-Project Report submitted to

JNTUA, Ananthapuramu
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
(Computer Science & Engineering)
BY
Batch No: C-17
V. Gokul Krishna (22KB5A0515) B. Bala Krishna (22KB5A0516)
O. Vinod (22KB5A0518) B. Srinu (22KB5A0519)
Under the esteemed guidance of
Mr. K. Raveendra Chaithanya
M. Tech
Assistant Professor
Department of CSE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

N.B.K.R. INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMUS)
(Approved by AICTE: Accredited by NBA: Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)
An ISO 9001-2000 Certified Institution
VIDYANAGAR – 524 413, TIRUPATI DIST, AP
MAY-2025
 INTEGRATED CROP YIELD PREDICTION AND
MARKETPLACE PLATFORM

A Major-Project Report submitted to

JNTUA, Ananthapuramu
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
(Computer Science & Engineering)
BY
Batch No: C-17
V. Gokul Krishna (22KB5A0515) B. Bala Krishna (22KB5A0516)
O. Vinod (22KB5A0518) B. Srinu (22KB5A0519)
Under the esteemed guidance of
Mr. K. Raveendra Chaithanya
M. Tech
Assistant Professor
Department of CSE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

N.B.K.R. INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMUS)
(Approved by AICTE: Accredited by NBA: Affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu)
An ISO 9001-2000 Certified Institution
VIDYANAGAR – 524 413, TIRUPATI DIST, AP
MAY-2025
Website: www.nbkrist.org. Email: [email protected].
Ph: 08624-228 247 Fax: 08624-228 257

N.B.K.R. INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, VIDYANAGAR

(Approved by AICTE: Accredited by NBA: Affiliated to JNTUA,
Ananthapuramu) An ISO 9001-2000 Certified Institution
Vidyanagar – 524 413, Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh, India

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “Integrated Crop Yield Prediction and
Marketplace Platform” is a Bonafide work done by V. Gokul Krishna (22KB5A0515),
B. Bala Krishna (22KB15A0516), O. Vinod (22KB5A0518), B. Srinu (22KB5A0519) in the
department of Computer Science & Engineering, N.B.K.R. Institute of Science
& Technology, Vidyanagar and is submitted to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu in the partial
fulfillment for the award of B. Tech degree in Computer Science & Engineering. This
work has been carried out under my supervision.

Mr. K. Raveendra Chaithanya Dr. A. Rajasekhar Reddy

Assistant Professor Professor & HOD
Department of CSE Department of CSE
N.B.K.R.I.S.T, Vidyanagar N.B.K.R.I. S.T, Vidyanagar

Submitted for the Viva-Voce Examination held on

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of a project would be

incomplete without the people who made it possible of their constant guidance and
encouragement crowned our efforts with success.
We would like to express our profound sense of gratitude to our project guide Mr.
K. Raveendra Chaithanya, Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science &
Engineering, N.B.K.R.I.S.T (affiliated to JNTUA, Ananthapuramu), Vidyanagar,
for his masterful guidance and the constant encouragement throughout the project. Our
sincere appreciation for his suggestions and unmatched services without, which this work
would have been an unfulfilled dream.
We convey our special thanks to Dr. Y. Venkata Rami Reddy, respectable Chairman of
N.B.K.R. Institute of Science & Technology, for providing excellent infrastructure in our
campus for the completion of the project.
We convey our special thanks to Sri N. Ram Kumar Reddy, respectable
Correspondent of N.B.K.R. Institute of Science & Technology, for providing excellent
infrastructure in our campus for the completion of the project.
We are grateful to Dr. V. Vijaya Kumar Reddy, Director of N.B.K.R. Institute of
Science & Technology for allowing us to avail all the facilities in the college.
We express our sincere gratitude to Mr. K. Raveendra Chaithanya, Assistant
Professor and Department of Computer Science & Engineering, for providing
exceptional facilities for successful completion of our project work.
We would like to convey our heartful thanks to Staff members, Lab technicians, and
our friends, who extended their cooperation in making this project as a successful one.
We would like to thank one and all who have helped us directly and indirectly to
complete this project successfully.
 ABSTRACT

The Agricultural Portal is an innovative platform designed to improve crop production by

providing farmers with easy access to agricultural information, resources, and tools. The
portal offers a wide range of features including weather forecasts, pest and disease
management tips, soil health assessment, crop planning tools, and market prices.

This technical paper outlines the development and implementation of the Agricultural
Portal, highlighting its features and functionalities. The paper also explores the benefits of
the portal for farmers, including increased productivity, improved decision-making, and
enhanced profitability. The portal is built on a robust technology platform that is scalable
and adaptable to the needs of farmers of different sizes and geographies. It is designed to be
user-friendly and accessible on multiple devices, including mobile phones and tablets.

The Agricultural Portal represents a significant step forward in the use of technology in
agriculture. By providing farmers with easy access to information and resources, it has the
potential to transform the way they farm and improve crop production across the globe.
Keywords-Agricultural portal, crop production, farmers, user friendly.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 1-2
1.1 Background. 1
1.2 Overview. 1
1.3 Objectives. 2
1.4 Scope. 2
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 3-5
2.1 Introduction to Literature Survey. 3

3 REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION 6-8

3.1 Functional Requirements. 6
3.2 Non- Functional Requirements. 7
3.3 Software Requirements. 7
3.4 Hardware Requirements. 8

4 METHODOLOGY 9-13
4.1 Flow Diagram. 9
4.2 Steps in Methodology. 9
4.3 Methodology Preprocessing. 11
4.4 Existing System. 13
4.5 Proposed System. 13

5 IMPLEMENTATION 14-16
5.1 Modules used for implementation. 14

6 SNAPSHOTS 17-27

7 CONCLUSION & FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 28

7.1 Conclusion. 28
7.2 Future Enhancement. 28

8 REFERENCES 29
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

Figure 4.1 Flow diagram of the Portal. 9
Figure 4.2 Methodology. 9
Figure 4.3 Methodology Preprocessing. 11
Figure 5.1.1 Farmer Module. 14
Figure 5.1.2 Customer Module. 15
Figure 5.1.3 Admin Module. 15
Figure 6.1 Home Page. 17
Figure 6.2 Farmer Login. 17
Figure 6.3 Farmer Profile. 18
Figure 6.4 Update Crop Stock. 18
Figure 6.5 Crop Recommendation. 19
Figure 6.6 Fertilizer Recommendation. 19
Figure 6.7 Crop Prediction. 20
Figure 6.8 Yield Prediction. 20
Figure 6.9 Rainfall Prediction. 21
Figure 6.10 Customer Login. 21
Figure 6.11 Customer Details. 22
Figure 6.12 Buy Crops. 22
Figure 6.13 Farmer Details. 23
Figure 6.14 Crop Availability. 23
Figure 6.15 Admin Login. 24
Figure 6.16 Admin Features. 24
Figure 6.17 News Feed. 25
Figure 6.18 Weather Forecast. 25
Figure 6.19 Chatbot. 26
Figure 6.20 Feedback. 26
Figure 6.21 Payment Details. 27
Figure 6.22 Invoice. 27
 Integrated Crop Yield Prediction and Marketplace Platform

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Agriculture is the backbone of any country, and it has become the most significant growing sector
all over the world because of increasing the population. About 60% of our country's population
works in agriculture which contributes more to our country's GDP and employment. The main
challenge in the agriculture industry is to improve farming efficiency and quality to fulfill the
speedily increasing demand for food. Apart from the mounting population, the climate
circumstance is also a huge challenge in the agricultural industry. In our project, we will make use
of ML algorithms to assist farmers to know future crop yield predictions and favourable weather
predictions. It also assists the farmers to sell the crops directly to the customers.

1.2 OVERVIEW
A. Basic Concepts
An agricultural portal is an online platform that provides access to a variety of resources and
services to farmers and other stakeholders in the agriculture industry. The main objective of
such a portal is to help farmers improve their crop production and profitability by providing
them with information, tools, and services that can help them make informed decisions and
adopt best practices. Some of the basic concepts that are central to an agricultural portal for
better crop production include:

Market Intelligence: This refers to the information that farmers need to make informed

decisions about when to sell their crops and at what price. Agricultural portals provide farmers
with access to real-time market information that can help them get the best possible.

Weather data: Farmers must be able to plan their planting and harvesting schedules in
accordance with the weather as it is so important to agriculture. Agricultural portals give
farmers access to weather alerts and forecasts, which can aid them in making decisions
regarding pest control, irrigation, and other tasks. exemplary practices.

Best Practices: Farmers must stay current on the most recent best practices and procedures
because agriculture is a complicated and ever-evolving industry. It gives farmers access to a
variety of tools and materials that can assist them advance their agricultural methods.

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B. Proposed System

The suggested system is a web application built using HTML and Bootstrap4 that allows
farmers to sell their products directly to consumers without the use of a middleman. The process
aids in product development and testing. When working on the front end, we are concerned with
how it appears. After creating it, we test it and discuss what to do next and how it can be made
better. In order to give farmers and customers quick access to important data and tools that can
aid in better decision-making, increased production, and improved livelihoods, we have
developed an online platform.

1.3 OBJECTIVES

The objective of our project is to build a project which helps the farmers to carry out better
farming. Help the farmers to predict the weather and climatic changes. To enable easy
communication between the farmers and the customers for selling crops.

1.4 SCOPE
As a scope, the web-based application can be made more user-friendly by targeting more
populations by including all the different regional languages in the interface and providing a link
to upload information instead of entering the test value manually. This research work can be
enhanced to a high level by building a recommender system of agriculture production and
distribution for farmers. By which farmers can make their own decision like which season which
crop should sow so that they can get better profit. This system works for structured datasets or
databases.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE SURVEY

[1] According to analysis, the most used features are temperature, rainfall, and soil type, and
the most applied algorithm is Artificial Neural Networks in these models. The author used
parameters like State, district, season, and area. The user can predict the yield of the crop in which
year the user wants. The paper uses advanced regression techniques like Kernel Ridge, and Lasso
to predict the yield and uses the concept of Stacking Regression for enhancing the algorithms to
give a better prediction.
[2] In this paper, the author says, yield prediction was performed by considering farmers'
experience on a particular field and crop. Different Data Mining techniques are used and evaluated
in agriculture for estimating the future year's crop production. This is achieved by applying
association rule mining on agriculture data. This research focuses on the creation of a prediction
model which may be used for future prediction of crop yield. This paper presents a brief analysis
of crop yield prediction using a data mining technique based on association rules for the selected
region.
[3] The author describes how the old farming data can be utilized to depict the future
expectation of harvests and yield. It likewise proposes to the ranchers what kind of yield can be
developed utilizing the climate station data and gives the appropriate data to incline toward the
precise season for cultivating. The curse on the harvest yield is broken down by utilizing different
ecological elements and Regression Analysis (RA), Linear Regression (LR) Algorithms utilizing
the various data mining strategies how to improve harvest production.

[4] This paper uses machine learning algorithms, direct relapse demonstrated from insights,
and two enhancement techniques, the Normal condition strategy, and the Gradient plunge
technique to anticipate the weather based on a couple of parameters. this work utilizes the ordinary
condition model's speculation and contrasts it and the angle plunge model to give a superior
thought of the productivity of the models. This paper is about the use of machine learning
algorithms, direct relapse demonstrates from inside, and two enhancement techniques.

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[5] We describe an approach to yield modelling that uses a semiparametric variant of a deep
neural network, which can simultaneously account for complex nonlinear relationships in high-
dimensional datasets, as well as the known parametric structure and unobserved cross-sectional
heterogeneity. We show that this approach outperforms both classical statistical methods and fully
nonparametric neural networks in predicting the yields of years withheld during model training.
Our approach is less pessimistic in the warmest regions and the warmest scenarios.

[6] This paper predicts the yield of almost all kinds of crops that are planted in India. This
script makes novel by the usage of simple parameters like State, district, season, area and the user
can predict the yield of the crop in which year he or she wants to. The paper uses advanced
regression techniques like Kernel Ridge, Lasso, and ENet algorithms to predict the yield and uses
the concept of Stacking Regression for enhancing the algorithms to give a better prediction.

[7] In this paper, we can predict the things like rainy, windy, sunny, stormy, floods and
variations in temperature, etc. Nowadays, the weather is making a bad impact, as society is
growing more and more, causing much damage, injury, and loss of life for farmers. Weather
forecasting is very important for agriculture and terrace gardening. Weather forecasting will help
remote areas for better crop production. In his paper, a low-cost solution for weather forecast
prediction is discussed.

[8] This paper uses algorithms such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, Weather, and
K Nearest neighbour, which are used for better performance results for each selected weather
parameter. We also use soil and weather parameters such as soil type, soil fertility, maximum
temperature, minimum temperature, and rainfall are used to identify suitable crops for specified
farms or land. Ethiopia consolidates both remotely detected information (RSD) and agrarian
overview information for a considerable beneficiary of specially appointed imported nourishment
help.

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CHAPTER 3

REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
Requirement specification, also known as documentation, is a process of jotting down all the
system and user requirements in the form of a document. These requirements must be clear,
complete, comprehensive, and consistent. A requirements specification is consistent if no subset
of requirements within the specification conflict with each other. If there are inconsistencies in
the requirements specification, it is likely that unless detected and corrected, the design of the
product will itself contain inconsistencies.

3.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Farmer should be able to:

● Get recommendations for crop and fertilizers.

➢ Under the recommendation option, crop recommendation and fertilizer

recommendation will tell which crop to be grown and which fertilizer to be used.

● Get predictions for crop, yield, and rainfall.

➢ Under the prediction option, crop prediction will predict the crop to be grown, yield
prediction will predict the yield of the crop, and rainfall prediction will predict the
rainfall for that area in millimetres.
● Do trading.

➢ The farmer will be able to trade crops, check the crop stocks and see the selling history.

● Able to access additional tools.

➢ This consists of a chatbot, news feed, and weather forecast which will help the farmer.
2. Customer should be able to:

● Check crop stocks.

➢ Stock for each crop is visible to the customer so that he can buy accordingly.
● Buy crops.

➢ The customer can select the crop and the quantity needed and buy it online.

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3. Admin should be able to:

● See the customer’s list.

➢ A list of all the registered customers is visible to the admin.

● See the farmer’s list.

➢ A list of all the registered customers is visible to the admin.

● See the queries.

➢ A list of all the queries is visible to the admin to answer them.

3.2 NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

3.2.1 Performance requirements

Response time should be minimum. The application should be responsive.

3.2.2 Security requirements

User information should be kept secure. Unauthorized users should not be able to access the data.
OTP-based authentication is provided to register through a mobile number.

3.2.3 Usability requirements

The interface should be user-friendly. The application environment should be easy to use. It should be
adaptable to all kinds of platforms.

3.2.4 Reliability requirements

The system should behave consistently in a user-acceptable manner when operating within the
environment for which the system is intended.

3.3 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

● Operating system: Windows10 or above.

● Browser: Chrome.

● Other software: Visual studio code, XAMPP, PyCharm, Postman, Jupyter notebook.

● Frontend: HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Bootstrap4, jQuery.

● Database: MySQL.
● Backend: Apache, php.

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3.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

● Processor speed: 2.50GHz-2.71GHz.

● RAM size: 512MB and above.

● User Interface: Mouse and Keyboard.

● Storage Capacity: 1GB (minimum).

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CHAPTER 4
METHODOLOGY
A methodology refers to a systematic approach or framework that outlines the steps, procedures,
and guidelines to be followed during the project's execution. It provides a structured and organized
way to plan, conduct, and complete the project successfully.

A methodology serves as a roadmap for the project, guiding the project team through various
phases, tasks, and activities. It helps ensure that the project is executed in a disciplined and efficient
manner, taking into account factors such as time constraints, available resources, and project
objectives.
4.1 FLOW DIAGRAM

Figure 4.1 Flow diagram of the portal

4.2 STEPS IN METHODOLOGY

Figure 4.2 Methodology

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The methodology of developing and deploying a machine learning model, which typically
involves the following steps: data acquisition and preprocessing, model development, model
training, model testing, and deployment.

1. Data Acquisition and Preprocessing:

• Identify the problem statement and the type of data required to solve it.

• Collect the necessary data from various sources such as databases, APIs, or web scraping.

• Clean the data by removing any irrelevant or inconsistent entries, handling missing values,
and dealing with outliers.
• Preprocess the data by performing tasks like normalization, feature scaling, feature
engineering, and encoding categorical variables.
2. Model Development:

• Choose an appropriate machine learning algorithm or a combination of algorithms based on

the problem type (classification, regression, clustering, etc.) and the nature of the data.
• Split the pre-processed data into training and validation sets. The training set is used to train
the model, and the validation set is used to tune its parameters and evaluate performance
during development.
• Define the model architecture or structure, including the number and type of layers (in the
case of neural networks) or the configuration of the algorithm.
• Set hyperparameters, such as learning rate, regularization strength, and batch size, which
control the learning process.
• Implement the model using a suitable programming language or a machine learning
library/framework.
3. Model Training:

• Feed the training data into the model and use an optimization algorithm (e.g., gradient
descent) to update the model's parameters iteratively.
• Monitor the model's performance on the validation set during training to detect over fitting
or underfitting and adjust hyperparameters accordingly.
• Continue training until the model achieves satisfactory performance on the validation set or
converges to a stable state.

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4. Model Testing:

• Once training is complete, evaluate the trained model's performance on a separate, unseen
test dataset.
• Calculate various evaluation metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, etc.) to measure
the model's performance and assess its suitability for the problem at hand.
• Analyse the model's performance and make any necessary adjustments or improvements
based on the evaluation results.
5. Deployment:

• Prepare the model for deployment by packaging it in a format suitable for the chosen
deployment environment (e.g., a serialized model file or a containerized application).
• Integrate the model into the target system, which may involve writing code to handle
input/output, data preprocessing, and interacting with other components of the system.
• Test the deployed model thoroughly to ensure it functions correctly in the production
environment.
• Monitor the model's performance and collect feedback from real-world usage to
continuously improve and update the model if necessary.

4.3 METHODOLOGY-PREPROCESSING:

Figure 4.3 Methodology-preprocessing

The preprocessing step in machine learning involves several important tasks to prepare the data
for model training. Let's break down each task:
1. Acquiring Dataset:

• Determine the data sources that are relevant to your problem statement.

• Gather the required data from these sources, such as databases, APIs, or web scraping.

• Ensure that the collected data is in a structured format, such as CSV, JSON, or a database
table.

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2. Handling Missing Values:

• Identify any missing values in the dataset, represented as NaN (Not a Number) or null values.
• Decide on an appropriate strategy to handle missing values based on the nature of the data and
the missing data patterns.
• Some common strategies include:

➢ Removing the rows or columns with missing values if they are few and the loss of
information is acceptable.
➢ Imputing the missing values by filling them with a statistical measure like the mean,
median, or mode of the respective feature.
➢ Using more advanced imputation techniques such as regression or machine learning
algorithms to predict missing values.
3. Handling Outliers:

• Detect and handle outliers, which are data points that significantly deviate from the normal
range or distribution of the dataset.
• Visualize the data using techniques like box plots or scatter plots to identify potential outliers.
• Decide on an appropriate strategy based on the nature of the data and the specific problem:

➢ Removing outliers if they are due to data entry errors or measurement issues and have a
significant impact on the analysis.
➢ Transforming the data using techniques like log transformation or winsorization to reduce
the impact of outliers.
➢ Applying robust statistical techniques or algorithms that are less sensitive to outliers.

4. Feature Scaling:

• Normalize or scale the features in the dataset to ensure that they are on a similar scale and
have comparable ranges.
• Common techniques for feature scaling include:

➢ Standardization (Z-score normalization): Transforming the data to have zero mean and
unit variance.
➢ Min-max scaling: Scaling the data to a specific range, typically between 0 and 1.

➢ Robust scaling: Scaling the data using statistical measures that are more resistant to
outliers.

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• Feature scaling is important to prevent features with larger magnitudes from dominating the
learning process and to enable algorithms to converge faster.
5. Pre-processed Dataset:

• After completing the above steps, you will have a pre-processed dataset ready for model
training.
• This dataset should be cleaned, with missing values handled, outliers managed, and features
appropriately scaled.

4.4 EXISTING SYSTEM

➢ Basic Weather Forecasting
o The system uses simple weather data (like temperature, humidity, and precipitation)
from weather APIs, but it provides broad forecasts for larger regions, not specific
to individual farms.
➢ Manual Yield Prediction
o Yield predictions are based on past data or farmer experience, using simple methods
like basic statistics, rather than advanced machine learning models.
➢ Generic crop and Fertilizer Recommendation
o The system gives general advice on what crops to plant and what fertilizers to use,
based on regional guidelines, without considering specific farm conditions like soil
quality or climate.

4.5 PROPOSED SYSTEM

➢ AI-Powered Weather Forecasting: Use artificial intelligence to provide accurate, real-

time weather forecasts specific to each farming area.

➢ Machine Learning for Yield Prediction: Apply machine learning to analyze past data and
predict potential crop yields, helping farmers make better planting and harvesting
decisions.

➢ Smart Crop and Fertilizer Recommendations: Implement algorithms that suggest the
best crops and fertilizers based on soil quality, climate, and local conditions.

➢ Simplified Payments: Create a secure, transparent payment system, making financial

transactions easier and more reliable.

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CHAPTER 5
IMPLEMENTATION
5.1 MODULES USED FOR IMPLEMENTATION
There are 3 modules in our project, farmer module, customer module and admin module.

Farmer module:

Figure 5.1.1 Farmer module

The above figure 5.1.1 is the farmer module. First the farmer has to signup/login to the portal.
Later the farmer will be redirected to his/her profile. The farmer can make use of several options
that are available after logging in to the portal. The various options the farmer can make use of
are prediction, recommendation, trade and tools. In prediction, farmer will be getting predictions
for crop, yield and rainfall. In the recommendation, the farmer will be getting recommendations
about crop and fertilizers that can be used. In trade, the farmer can enter the crops that he/she
wishes to sell and then the farmer can view the crop stocks. The farmer will also be having
history of the sales. In tools, the farmer can make use of chatbot, news feed and weather forecast.
If farmer has any queries, then he/she can clarify the doubts through chatbot. The farmer will be
getting new updates related to agriculture through news feed.

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Customer module:

Figure 5.1.2: Customer module

The above figure 5.1.2 is the customer module. First the customer has to signup/login to the
portal. Later the customer will be redirected to his/her profile. The customer can make use of
several options that are available after logging in to the portal. The various options the customer
can make use of are buying of crops and crop stocks. In buy crops, the customer first has to add
the crop which he/she wants to buy and later the farmer has to proceed with the payment. After
the successful payment, the farmer will be getting the invoice of his/her payment. In crop stocks
the farmer can see the available crops. With the help of the crop stocks the farmer can purchase
the required crops.

Admin module:

Figure 5.1.3: Admin module

The above figure 5.1.3 is the admin module. First the admin has to signup/login to the portal.
Later the admin will be redirected to his/her profile. The admin can make use of several options
that are available after logging in to the portal. The various options the admin can make use of
are farmers list, customers list, crop stock and queries. In farmers list, the admin will be having

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access to the list of farmers who have registered to the portal. In customers list, the admin will
be having access to the list of customers who have registered to the portal. In crop stocks, the
admin can see the list of available crops which the customers can buy. In queries, the admin
will be getting the queries which the user of the portal has sent through the contact us option.

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CHAPTER 6

SNAPSHOT

Figure 6.1: Home Page of the application

This is the homepage of our portal which consists of options on the right such as Contact, Sign
Up, and Sign In. New farmers and customers need to sign up, whereas those already registered
can use the log in option.

Figure 6.2: Farmer Login

The farmer has to put the credentials of the login, after which he will receive an OTP to the

email which is to be entered for confirmation, post which his profile will be visible.

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Figure 6.3: Farmer Profile

After the 2-factor authentication, the farmer’s profile will be visible, which gives all the details
regarding the farmer.

Figure 6.4: Update crop stock

After logging in, farmers have options such as Update Crop Stock, Trade Crops, and Selling
History.

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Figure 6.5: Crop Recommendation

Crop recommendation recommends the particular crop to be grown in that particular area.

Figure 6.6: Fertilizer prediction

Fertilizer prediction will recommend the particular fertilizer suitable for that area. That fertilizer
will be helpful for the crop which is to be grown.

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Figure 6.7: Crop prediction

Crop prediction will predict different kinds of crops suitable to be grown for the area which has
been selected through the input.

Figure 6.8: Yield prediction

In yield prediction yield for the particular area which is selected is predicted, this will give the
farmer an idea about the production of the crop.

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Figure 6.9: Rainfall prediction

Rainfall prediction will predict the rainfall for the particular region which is selected according
to the inputs from the list. This will help farmers from incurring losses.

Figure 6.10: Customer login

The customer has to put the credentials of the login, after which he will receive an OTP to the
email which is to be entered for confirmation, post which his profile will be visible.

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Figure 6.11: Customer details

After the 2-factor authentication, the customer’s profile will be visible, which gives all the details
regarding the customer.

Figure 6.12: Buy crops

The customer can buy crops online from the list of crops available in the portal and how much
quantity is required.

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Figure 6.13: Farmer Details

This is a farmer details page where customer can directly access the farmer contact details so
customer can contact farmer for crop purchase and query.

Figure 6.14: Crop availability

Here the available crops are visible to the customer which gives him an idea of which crops to
buy.

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Figure 6.15: Admin login

The Admin has to put the credentials of the login, after which his profile will be visible.

Figure 6.16: Admin features

The admin’s profile will be visible, and details of features of what he can access and manage is
visible.

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Figure 6.17: News feed

The News feed gives the news of every news related to agriculture from all around the world
which will be helpful for the farmers.

Figure 6.18: Weather forecast

The weather forecast predicts the weather of the coming days, which might be helpful for
agricultural purposes.

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Figure 6.19: Chatbot

The chatbot is a feature that answers the queries which are asked to it by the farmer.

Figure 6.20: Feedback

Feedback can also be given by the people who have used the service of this portal. They need to
fill in the above-mentioned details and submit it, which will be recorded.

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Figure 6.21: Payment Details

This is a test payment mode where you can do payment online by entering your card details,
post which you will receive an OTP for authentication.

Figure 6.22: Invoice

Invoice will be generated here for the payment which has been done by the customer.

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CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

7.1 CONCLUSION

➢ This paper presents the various machine learning algorithms for predicting the yield of
the crop on the basis of weather and other conditions.
➢ The decision tree is found to provide the most accurate predictions for crop yield,
weather, and fertilizer recommendation.
➢ The prediction system takes the inputs from the user and provides the best and most
accurate predictive analysis for crop yield.
➢ The website also provides information on the best crop that is suitable and also which
particular fertilizers are required for that crop.
➢ Results also revealed that the Random Forest classifier gives the highest weather
prediction and fertilizer recommendation accuracy.
➢ It will empower farmers to make informed decisions regarding crop selection, fertilizer
usage, and overall cost management.
➢ The robustness and reliability of our system have been validated through experiments
conducted on a reliable dataset.

7.2 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

➢ User-Friendly Web Application:

o Target a wider audience by including multiple regional languages in the interface.

o Provide an option to upload information instead of manually entering test values.

➢ Recommender System for Agriculture:

o Develop a recommender system for agricultural production and distribution.

o Help farmers make decisions on which crop to sow in each season to maximize
profits.

➢ System for Structured Datasets:

o The system will be designed to work with structured datasets or databases for
accurate predictions and recommendations.

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CHAPTER 8

REFERENCES

[1] Prameya R Hegde, Ashok Kumar A R, “Crop Yield and Price Prediction System for
Agriculture Application”,International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology
(IJERT) Vol. 11 Issue 07, July-2022. Shangping Wang, Xu Wang, and Yaling Zhang, “A
Secure Cloud Storage Framework withAccess Control based on Blockchain”.

[2] “Machine learning based stratergies for crop assessment in diverse district of
Uttarakhand” 2024 second international conference on data science and information
system. (ICDSIS) IEEE Xplore ISBN: 979-8- 3503-8166-5/24.

[3] Dr. Y. Jeevan Nagendra Kumar, V. Spandana,V.S. Vaishnavi,K. Neha, “Supervised

Machine learning Approach for Crop Yield Prediction in Agriculture Sector”, (ICCES
2020)IEEE Xplore ISBN: 978-1- 7281-5371-1.

[4] “Machine learning algorithm for crop yield prediction in real time scenarios” 2023 4th
international conference on signal processing and communication (ICSPC) IEEE Xplore
ISBN: 979-8- 3503-0077-2/23.

[5] Potnuru Sai Nishant, Pinapa Sai Venkat, Bollu Lakshmi Avinash3, B. Jabber. “Crop Yield
Prediction based on Indian Agriculture using Machine Learning”, International
Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET) Belgaum, India. Jun 5-7, 2020

[6] Shivani Turamari, Pooja Patil, Mallappa Hallad, Manjunath Bilagi, “Weather Forecast
Prediction for Agriculture”, (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 ,Special Issue - 2022.
[7] Pallavi Shankarrao Mahore, Dr. Aashish A. Bardekar, “Crop Yield Prediction using

DifferentMachine Learning Techniques”, International Journal of Scientific Research in

Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology ISSN : 2456- 3307,Volume

7, Issue 3,May-June- 2021.

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