This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: E11 − 24

Standard Specification for

Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E11; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* C430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the

1.1 This document specifies the technical requirements for; 45-µm (No. 325) Sieve
the woven wire test sieve cloth (sieve cloth) used in test sieves, D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
the construction of test sieves, standard and non-standard test and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
sieve frame sizes, and test procedures used to inspect sieve Measurement System Performance
cloth and the test sieves. This specification applies to test sieves E161 Specification for Electroformed Material and Test
manufactured with sieve cloth having a nominal aperture size Sieves
ranging from 125 millimetres (mm) down to 20 micrometres E323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing
(µm). Purposes
E1638 Terminology Relating to Sieves, Sieving Methods,
1.2 Additional reference information can be found in Speci- and Screening Media
fications E161, E323, E2016, and in Test Methods C430 and E2016 Specification for Industrial Woven Wire Cloth
E2427. E2427 Test Method for Acceptance by Performance Testing
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be considered for Test Sieves
standard for the dimensions of the sieve cloth openings and the 2.2 ASTM Manual:2
wire diameters used in the sieve cloth. The values stated in Manual 32 Test Sieving Methods: Guidelines for Establish-
inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to ing Sieve Analysis Procedures; 5th Edition
the sieve frames, pans, and covers. 2.3 Federal Standard:3
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 2.4 Military Standard:3
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 2.5 ISO Standard:4
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ISO 3310-1 Test Sieves—Technical Requirements and Test-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- ing – Part 1: Test Sieves of Metal Wire Cloth
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 2.6 ASTM Adjuncts:5
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Distribution Analysis of Sieve Openings
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3. Terminology
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 3.1 Definitions—Additional terms can be found in Termi-
nology E1638.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1 aperture, n—the dimension defining an opening in a
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 screening surface.
3.1.2 backing cloth, n—a wire mesh support layer used
directly under the sieve cloth with an opening coarser than the
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E29 on Particle sieve designation.
and Spray Characterization and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E29.01
on Sieves, Sieving Methods, and Screening Media. 3
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published June 2024. Originally Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
approved in 1925. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as E11 – 22. DOI: Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
10.1520/E0011-24. [Link].
4
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, [Link], or Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [Link]/contact. For Annual Book of 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, [Link]
5
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
page on the ASTM website. ADJE0011-E-PDF. Original adjunct produced in 2024.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 TABLE 1 Nominal Dimensions and Permissible Variations for Sieve Cloth and Compliance, Inspection and Calibration Test Sieves
(1) (2a) (2b) (3)A (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)B, C (10) (11)B, C (12) (13) (14) (15)
Permissible Average
Sieve Designation ±Y +X Resulting Compliance Sieves Inspection Sieves Calibration Sieves
Nominal Typical Wire Diameter
Variation Maximum Maximum
Sieve Sample Maximum Sample Maximum Sample Maximum Wire
U.S. Supplementary for Average Variation Individual
Standard Opening Openings Standard Openings Standard Openings Standard Diameter Min Max
Alternative Size Opening for Opening Opening
per 100 ft2 Deviation per Sieve Deviation per Sieve Deviation
mm mm in. mm mm mm mm
125 5 in. 5.00 3.30 4.06 129.06 20 – all – all – 8.00 6.8 9.2

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112 4.41 2.96 3.74 115.74 20 – all – all – 8.00 6.8 9.2
106 4.24 in. 4.24 2.80 3.59 109.59 20 – all – all – 6.30 5.4 7.2
100 4 in. 4.00 2.65 3.44 103.44 20 – all – all – 6.30 5.4 7.2
90 31⁄2 in. 3.50 2.39 3.18 93.18 20 – all – all – 6.30 5.4 7.2
80 3.15 2.13 2.91 82.91 20 – all – all – 6.30 5.4 7.2
75 3 in. 3.00 2.00 2.78 77.78 20 – all – all – 6.30 5.4 7.2
71 2.80 1.89 2.67 73.67 20 – all – all – 5.60 4.8 6.4
63 21⁄2 in. 2.50 1.69 2.44 65.44 20 – all – all – 5.60 4.8 6.4
56 2.20 1.50 2.24 58.24 20 – all – all – 5.00 4.3 5.8
53 2.12 in. 2.12 1.42 2.15 55.15 20 – all – all – 5.00 4.3 5.8
50 2 in. 2.00 1.34 2.06 52.06 20 – all – all – 5.00 4.3 5.8
45 13⁄4 in. 1.75 1.21 1.91 46.91 20 – all – all – 4.50 3.8 5.2
40 1.57 1.08 1.75 41.75 20 – all – all – 4.50 3.8 5.2
37.5 11⁄2 in. 1.50 1.01 1.67 39.17 20 1.103 all – all – 4.50 3.8 5.2
35.5 1.40 0.961 1.60 37.10 20 1.035 all – all – 4.00 3.4 4.6

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31.5 11⁄4 in. 1.25 0.855 1.47 32.97 20 0.907 all – all – 4.00 3.4 4.6
28 1.10 0.762 1.35 29.35 20 0.802 all – all – 3.55 3.0 4.1
26.5 1.06 in. 1.06 0.722 1.29 27.79 20 0.758 all – all – 3.55 3.0 4.1
25 1.00 in. 1.00 0.682 1.24 26.24 20 0.715 all – all – 3.55 3.0 4.1
22.4 7⁄8 in. 0.875 0.613 1.14 23.54 150 0.641 15 0.431 30 0.460 3.55 3.0 4.1

2
20 0.787 0.548 1.05 21.05 150 0.575 15 0.387 30 0.413 3.15 2.7 3.6
19 34 ⁄ in. 0.750 0.522 1.01 20.01 150 0.548 15 0.368 30 0.393 3.15 2.7 3.6
18 0.709 0.495 0.97 18.97 150 0.521 15 0.350 30 0.374 3.15 2.7 3.6
16 58 ⁄ in. 0.625 0.441 0.89 16.89 150 0.467 15 0.314 30 0.335 3.15 2.7 3.6
E11 − 24

14 0.551 0.387 0.81 14.81 150 0.414 15 0.278 30 0.297 2.80 2.4 3.2
13.2 0.530 in. 0.530 0.365 0.78 13.98 150 0.393 15 0.264 30 0.282 2.80 2.4 3.2

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12.5 1⁄2 in. 0.500 0.346 0.75 13.25 150 0.374 15 0.251 30 0.268 2.50 2.1 2.9
11.2 7⁄16 in. 0.438 0.311 0.69 11.89 150 0.340 15 0.229 30 0.244 2.50 2.1 2.9
10 0.394 0.279 0.64 10.64 150 0.308 15 0.207 30 0.221 2.50 2.1 2.9
9.5 38 ⁄ in. 0.375 0.265 0.61 10.11 150 0.294 15 0.198 30 0.211 2.24 1.9 2.6
9 0.354 0.251 0.59 9.59 150 0.281 15 0.189 30 0.202 2.24 1.9 2.6
8 5 16
⁄ in. 0.312 0.224 0.54 8.54 150 0.254 15 0.171 30 0.182 2.00 1.7 2.3
7.1 0.280 0.200 0.50 7.60 150 0.230 15 0.155 30 0.165 1.80 1.5 2.1
6.7 0.265 in. 0.265 0.189 0.48 7.18 150 0.219 15 0.147 30 0.157 1.80 1.5 2.1
6.3 1⁄4 in. 0.250 0.178 0.46 6.76 150 0.208 15 0.140 30 0.149 1.80 1.5 2.1
5.6 No. 31⁄2 0.223 0.159 0.42 6.02 150 0.189 15 0.127 30 0.136 1.60 1.3 1.9
5 0.197 0.142 0.39 5.39 150 0.172 15 0.116 30 0.123 1.60 1.3 1.9
4.75 No. 4 0.187 0.135 0.37 5.12 150 0.165 15 0.111 30 0.118 1.60 1.3 1.9
4.5 0.177 0.128 0.36 4.86 150 0.158 15 0.106 30 0.113 1.40 1.2 1.7
4 No. 5 0.157 0.114 0.33 4.33 150 0.143 15 0.096 30 0.103 1.40 1.2 1.7
3.55 0.140 0.102 0.30 3.85 200 0.130 20 0.092 40 0.097 1.25 1.06 1.50
3.35 No. 6 0.132 0.096 0.29 3.64 200 0.125 20 0.088 40 0.093 1.25 1.06 1.50
3.15 0.124 0.091 0.28 3.43 200 0.119 20 0.084 40 0.089 1.25 1.06 1.50
2.8 No. 7 0.110 0.081 0.26 3.06 200 0.108 20 0.076 40 0.081 1.12 0.95 1.30
2.5 0.0984 0.073 0.24 2.74 200 0.099 20 0.070 40 0.074 1.00 0.85 1.15
2.36 No. 8 0.0937 0.069 0.23 2.59 200 0.095 20 0.067 40 0.071 1.00 0.85 1.15
2.24 0.0882 0.065 0.22 2.46 200 0.091 20 0.064 40 0.068 0.90 0.77 1.04
2 No. 10 0.0787 0.059 0.20 2.20 250 0.083 25 0.060 50 0.064 0.90 0.77 1.04
1.8 0.0709 0.053 0.19 1.99 250 0.077 25 0.056 50 0.059 0.80 0.68 0.92
1.7 No. 12 0.0661 0.050 0.18 1.88 250 0.074 25 0.054 50 0.057 0.80 0.68 0.92
 TABLE 1 Continued
(1) (2a) (2b) (3)A (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)B, C (10) (11)B, C (12) (13) (14) (15)
Permissible Average
Sieve Designation ±Y +X Resulting Compliance Sieves Inspection Sieves Calibration Sieves
Nominal Typical Wire Diameter
Variation Maximum Maximum
Sieve Sample Maximum Sample Maximum Sample Maximum Wire
U.S. Supplementary for Average Variation Individual
Standard Opening Openings Standard Openings Standard Openings Standard Diameter Min Max
Alternative Size Opening for Opening Opening
per 100 ft2 Deviation per Sieve Deviation per Sieve Deviation
1.6 0.0630 0.047 0.17 1.77 250 0.070 25 0.051 50 0.054 0.80 0.68 0.92
1.4 No. 14 0.0555 0.042 0.16 1.56 400 0.064 40 0.050 80 0.052 0.71 0.60 0.82

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1.25 0.0492 0.038 0.15 1.40 400 0.058 40 0.045 80 0.047 0.63 0.54 0.72
1.18 No. 16 0.0469 0.036 0.14 1.32 400 0.056 40 0.043 80 0.045 0.63 0.54 0.72
1.12 0.0441 0.034 0.14 1.26 400 0.054 40 0.042 80 0.044 0.56 0.48 0.64
1 No. 18 0.0394 0.030 0.13 1.13 400 0.050 40 0.039 80 0.040 0.56 0.48 0.64
µm µm in. µm µm µm mm
900 0.0354 27.6 118 1018 400 45.51 40 35.22 80 36.74 0.500 0.43 0.58
850 No. 20 0.0331 26.2 114 964 400 43.66 40 33.79 80 35.25 0.500 0.43 0.58
800 0.0315 24.8 109 909 400 41.79 40 32.34 80 33.74 0.450 0.38 0.52
710 No. 25 0.0278 22.2 101 811 500 38.36 50 30.43 100 31.62 0.450 0.38 0.52
630 0.0248 19.9 93 723 500 35.23 50 27.95 100 29.04 0.400 0.34 0.46
600 No. 30 0.0234 19.0 91 691 500 34.04 50 27.00 100 28.06 0.400 0.34 0.46
560 0.0220 17.9 87 647 500 32.43 50 25.73 100 26.73 0.355 0.30 0.41
500 No. 35 0.0197 16.2 80 580 600 29.96 60 24.21 120 25.09 0.315 0.27 0.36
450 0.0177 14.7 75 525 600 27.86 60 22.51 120 23.32 0.280 0.24 0.32
425 No. 40 0.0165 14.0 73 498 600 26.79 60 21.65 120 22.43 0.280 0.24 0.32

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400 0.0157 13.3 70 470 600 25.71 60 20.78 120 21.52 0.250 0.21 0.29
355 No. 45 0.0139 12.0 65 420 800 23.72 80 19.68 160 20.30 0.224 0.19 0.26
315 0.0124 10.8 60 375 800 21.90 80 18.17 160 18.75 0.200 0.17 0.23
300 No. 50 0.0117 10.4 58 358 800 21.20 80 17.59 160 18.15 0.200 0.17 0.23
280 0.0110 9.8 56 336 800 20.26 80 16.81 160 17.34 0.180 0.15 0.21

3
250 No. 60 0.0098 8.9 52 302 800 18.82 80 15.61 160 16.11 0.160 0.13 0.19
224 0.0088 8.1 49 273 800 17.53 80 14.54 160 15.01 0.160 0.13 0.19
212 No. 70 0.0083 7.8 47 259 800 16.93 80 14.05 160 14.49 0.140 0.12 0.17
200 0.0079 7.4 45 245 800 16.32 80 13.54 160 13.97 0.140 0.12 0.17
E11 − 24

180 No. 80 0.0070 6.8 43 223 1000 15.27 100 12.91 200 13.28 0.125 0.106 0.150
160 0.0063 6.3 40 200 1000 14.20 100 12.00 200 12.34 0.112 0.095 0.130

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150 No. 100 0.0059 6.0 38 188 1000 13.65 100 11.53 200 11.86 0.100 0.085 0.115
140 0.0055 5.7 37 177 1000 13.09 100 11.06 200 11.38 0.100 0.085 0.115
125 No. 120 0.0049 5.2 34 159 1000 12.23 100 10.33 200 10.63 0.090 0.077 0.104
112 0.0044 4.8 32 144 1000 11.46 100 9.68 200 9.96 0.080 0.068 0.092
106 No. 140 0.0041 4.7 31 137 1000 11.10 100 9.38 200 9.65 0.071 0.060 0.082
100 0.0039 4.5 30 130 1000 10.73 100 9.07 200 9.33 0.071 0.060 0.082
90 No. 170 0.0035 4.2 29 119 1000 10.10 100 8.53 200 8.78 0.063 0.054 0.072
80 0.0031 3.9 27 107 1000 9.45 100 7.99 250 8.33 0.056 0.048 0.064
75 No. 200 0.0029 3.7 26 101 1000 9.12 100 7.70 250 8.04 0.050 0.043 0.058
71 0.0028 3.6 25 96 1000 8.85 100 7.48 250 7.80 0.050 0.043 0.058
63 No. 230 0.0025 3.4 24 87 1000 8.29 100 7.01 250 7.31 0.045 0.038 0.052
56 0.0022 3.2 22 78 1000 7.79 100 6.58 250 6.87 0.040 0.034 0.046
53 No. 270 0.0021 3.1 21 74 1000 7.56 100 6.39 250 6.67 0.036 0.031 0.041
50 0.0020 3.0 21 71 1000 7.34 100 6.20 250 6.47 0.036 0.031 0.041
45 No. 325 0.0017 2.8 20 65 1000 6.95 100 5.87 250 6.13 0.032 0.027 0.037
40 0.0016 2.7 19 59 1000 6.55 100 5.54 300 5.83 0.032 0.027 0.037
38 No. 400 0.0015 2.6 18 56 1000 6.38 100 5.39 300 5.69 0.030 0.024 0.035
36 0.0014 2.6 18 54 1000 6.22 100 5.26 300 5.54 0.030 0.024 0.035
32 No. 450 0.0012 2.4 17 49 1000 5.87 100 4.96 300 5.23 0.028 0.023 0.033
25 No. 500 0.0010 2.2 15 40 1000 5.23 100 4.42 300 4.66 0.025 0.021 0.029
20 No. 635 0.0008 2.1 13 33 1000 4.73 100 4.00 300 4.22 0.020 0.017 0.023
A
Column 3—These numbers may only be approximate but are in use for reference and are not to be used for calculations.
B
Columns 9 and 11—See Annex A1, which specifies that all openings will be inspected for test sieves having 15 openings or less.
C
Columns 9 and 11—These number of sample openings are based on an 8-in. diameter test sieve.
 E11 − 24
3.1.3 crimp, n—the corrugation in the warp and shute wire, 3.1.11 twill weave, n—sieve cloth in which the warp wires
or both. The crimp in the wires is formed either during the and shute wires pass over two and under two wires in both
weaving process, or with a crimping machine prior to weaving. directions.
If formed during the weaving process, the tension existing 3.1.12 warp wires, n—the wires running the long way of the
between the warp and shute wires fundamentally determines cloth as woven.
the respective amount or depth of crimp, which locks the wires
in place, and in part establishes the firmness of the sieve cloth. 4. Ordering Information
3.1.4 firmness, n—a subjective term referring to the planar 4.1 Orders for items under this specification should include
rigidity of sieve cloth (as a roll good, not mounted in a test the following information as required:
sieve frame), established by the tensile strength of the material, 4.1.1 Description of item(s) (Test Sieve or Sieve Cloth),
the relationship of the mesh to wire diameters, the type of 4.1.2 ASTM E11 designation and year of issue,
weave, and amount of crimp in the wires. The absence of 4.1.3 Quantity of each item, and
firmness in sieve cloth is termed sleaziness. 4.1.4 Sieve designation (Table 1, Standard Column 1, Al-
ternate Column 2).
3.1.5 matched test sieve, n—a test sieve that reproduces the
[Link] Test sieves can be supplied based on different levels
performance results of another test sieve within user defined
of confidence as Compliance Sieves, Inspection Sieves, and
limits for a designated material (for information only and may
Calibration Sieves.
not be in compliance with this specification).
4.2 Test sieves in standard circular or nonstandard frame:
3.1.6 mesh, n—the number of wires or openings per linear 4.2.1 Nominal sieve frame diameter (see Table 2) or dimen-
inch (25.4 mm) counted from the center of any wire to a point sional description of nonstandard test sieve frame, and
exactly 1 in. (25.4 mm) distant, including the fractional 4.2.2 Nominal sieve frame height (see Table 2).
distance between either thereof.
3.1.7 plain weave, n—sieve cloth in which the warp wires 5. Sieve Cloth Requirements
and shute wires pass over one and under one in both directions. 5.1 The sieve cloth used in test sieves shall meet the
3.1.8 shute wires, n—the wires running the short way of, or requirements of Table 1 and shall be designated Specification
across the cloth as woven (also referred to as the shoot, fill, or E11 Sieve Cloth. The number of inspected apertures shall be in
weft wires). accordance with Table 1 (Column 7). Sieve cloth conforming
to this specification shall be woven from stainless steel, brass,
3.1.9 sieve cloth, n—woven wire cloth conforming to this or bronze. Sieve cloth with openings greater than or equal to 75
specification. micrometres shall be woven using a plain weave. For sieve
3.1.10 test sieve (sieve cloth), n—an apparatus manufac- cloth with openings equal to or less than 71 micrometres the
tured by mounting E11 sieve cloth in a frame, designed for use sieve cloth may be supplied using a twill weave. The sieve
in particle size analysis by sieving. cloth shall not be coated or plated.
[Link] compliance test sieve, n—a test sieve manufactured 5.2 All measurements of openings and wire diameters shall
using sieve cloth which has been inspected prior to being be made along the midpoints of the openings as shown in Fig.
mounted in the sieve frame; and that meets the requirements of 1.
Table 1 in part based on the standard deviation of the required
number of sample openings per 100 square feet of sieve cloth
(Column 7) not exceeding the maximum allowable for a TABLE 2 Dimensions of Standard Frames
confidence level of 66 % (Column 8).
Nominal Diameter Tolerance, in. (mm) Typical FrameA
[Link] inspection test sieve, n—a test sieve manufactured Diameter,
Inside at TopB
Nominal Height,
in. in. (mm)
using sieve cloth which has been inspected after being mounted
in the sieve frame; and that meets the requirements of Table 1 3 3.000 + 0.030 ⁄−0.000 11⁄4 (31.8) FHC
(76.2 + 0.76 ⁄−0.00) 5⁄8 (15.9) HH
in part based on the standard deviation of the required number
of sample openings in the test sieve (Column 9) not exceeding 6 6.000 + 0.030 ⁄−0.000 13⁄4 (44.5) FH
the maximum allowable for a confidence level of 99 % (152.4 + 0.76 ⁄−0.00) 1 (25.4) HH

(Column 10). 8 8.000 + 0.030 ⁄−0.000 2 (50.8) FH

(203.2 + 0.76 ⁄−0.00) 1 (25.4) HH
[Link] calibration test sieve, n—a test sieve manufactured
using sieve cloth which has been inspected after being mounted 10 10.000 + 0.030 ⁄−0.000 3 (76.2) FH
in the sieve frame; and that meets the requirements of Table 1 (254 + 0.76 ⁄−0.00) 11⁄2 (38.1) HH

in part based on the standard deviation of the required number 12 12.000 + 0.030 ⁄−0.000 31⁄4 (82.6) FH
of sample openings in the test sieve (Column 11) not exceeding (304.8 + 0.76 ⁄−0.00) 2 (50.8) IH
the maximum allowable for a confidence level of 99.73 % 15⁄8 (41.3) HH
A
(Column 12). Frame height measured from top of frame to top of sieve cloth.
B
Measured 0.2 in. (5 mm) below the top of the frame.
(1) Discussion—Calibration sieves have had at least twice C
FH = full height; HH = half height; IH = intermediate height.
as many openings measured as Inspection sieves.

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 E11 − 24
and the results are given in Table 1 for Compliance sieve
cloth (Column 8).
[Link] In order to increase the probability or acceptance
confidence level from 66 % at one-sigma to Xσ, specifically
99 % (2.58σ) and 99.73 % (3σ) for Inspection and Calibration
sieves respectively, these maximum standard deviation values
are determined by dividing sigma by a correction or K-factor.
These K-factors are determined based on approximation to a
Chi-square distribution for the sample variance as follows:
K 5 11Xσ/ =2 ~ n 2 1 ! (4)

[Link] The applicable resulting K-factors (see Appendix

X3) are then applied and the maximum standard deviation
tolerances are determined as follows:
σ x 5 sigma/K (5)
FIG. 1 Aperture Size [Link] The resulting tolerances are given in Table 1 for
Inspection Sieves (Column 10) and for Calibration Sieves
(Column 12), and are presented for convenience based on the
5.3 There shall be no punctures or obvious defects in the K-factors per the required minimum number of openings.
sieve cloth.
6.1.6 The actual standard deviation of the openings in the
6. Technical Requirements warp and weft directions, when taken separately, shall not
exceed the values shown in Table 1 for each type. If the number
6.1 Opening Sizes, Tolerances, and Standard Deviation: of sample openings is less than 15, the maximum standard
6.1.1 Four tolerances shall be applied: the variation for deviation is not evaluated. If more than the minimum number
average opening (Y), the maximum variation (X), the maximum of openings are measured, the maximum standard deviation
standard deviation and the average wire diameter. The opening shall be calculated (see Eq 5) based on the corresponding
tolerances apply to the opening sizes, measured on the mid- K-factor calculation (see Eq 4).
point of the opening (see Fig. 1), and applied separately in both
[Link] The population standard deviation σ is obtained by
the warp and shute directions.
measuring all of the full openings N found in the test sieve and
6.1.2 The average opening size shall not exceed the sieve
is calculated from the following equation:
designation by more than 6Y (Table 1, Column 4):

Y5 S w 0.98
27 D
1 1.6 0.9 (1) σ5 Œ 1
N
N

( ~ w 2 w̄ !
i51
i
2
(6)

where Y and w are expressed in micrometres. [Link] The sample standard deviation s is calculated from
6.1.3 The maximum opening size measured shall not exceed the measurement of the number of apertures, n as listed in
the nominal opening size w (Table 1, Column 1), by more than Table 1 (Column 8 for Sieve Cloth, Column 10 for Inspection
X (Table 1, Column 5): Sieves, and Column 12 for Calibration Sieve), using the
following equation:
X5 S 2w 0.75
D
1 4 w 0.25 0.9 (2)
3

where X and w are expressed in micrometres.

s5 Π1
n21 r51
n

( ~ w 2 w̄ !
i
2
(7)

6.1.4 The intermediate value Z shall be stated as follows: 6.2 Wire Diameters:
X1Y 6.2.1 The wire diameters given in Table 1, Column 13 are
Z5 (3)
2 typical.
6.1.5 The maximum standard deviation is calculated based 6.2.2 The average wire diameter in a test sieve or sieve cloth
on the Gaussian normal distribution curve (see Appendix X5), shall fall between the tolerance (d min and d max ) given in
truncated at the left end at 0 and at the right end at w + X. The Table 1, Column 14 and 15, respectively. It is recognized that
area under the curve to the maximum value w + X minus the mechanical deformation of the wire occurs during weaving,
area under the curve to the intermediate value Z, is equal to this and therefore the diameter measured after weaving may be
critical area between (w + Z) and (w + X) not exceeding more different than the wire diameter before weaving. The average
than 5 % of the openings (see Appendix X2). The tolerances wire diameter shall be calculated based on the same number of
for sigma are then calculated based on: sample apertures measured in accordance with Table 1.
6.2.3 The wires shall be crimped in such a manner that the
ΦSD SD
X
σ
2Φ
Z
σ
5 0.05 ~ see Appendix X4!
cloth exhibits firmness, as agreed between the user and the
supplier, as applied to roll goods.
Φ
X
σSD S D
2Φ
2w
σ 6.3 Test Sieve Frames:

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 E11 − 24
6.3.1 General Requirements—Frames for test sieves shall be also include the date, name and signature of the person
constructed in such a manner to be rigid. The sieve cloth shall certifying to the test sieve quality.
be mounted on a frame without distortion, looseness, or 7.2 Test sieves may be supplied as Compliance, Inspection,
waviness. The method used to attach the sieve cloth to the or Calibration Sieves.
frame shall be done so the material being sieved will not 7.2.1 A Compliance sieve certificate shall state that the test
become caught in the joint between the sieve cloth and the sieve has been manufactured with sieve cloth that has been
frame. inspected and found to be in compliance with the requirements
6.3.2 Standard Frames—Sieve frames shall be circular. of Specification E11. The Certificate does not require any
Typical frame sizes are 3 in., 6 in., 8 in., 10 in., and 12 in. statistical documentation.
diameter (or 76, 152, 203, 254, or 305 mm). Tolerances for 7.2.2 An Inspection sieve certificate shall state at a mini-
dimensions of test sieve frames are given in Table 2. Frames mum the number of apertures and wire diameters measured,
shall be made of a noncorrosive material such as brass or the average aperture size, standard deviation and average wire
stainless steel. The bottom of the frame shall be constructed so diameter, separately in both the warp and shute direction of the
as to provide an easy sliding or nesting fit with any sieve frame sieve cloth. A Certificate with this inspection data must be
of the same nominal diameter conforming to the specified supplied.
dimensions. 7.2.3 A Calibration sieve certificate shall state at a minimum
6.3.3 The joint or fillet at the point where the sieve cloth and the number of apertures and wire diameters measured, the
frame meet will provide a minimum clear sieving surface with average aperture size, standard deviation and average wire
a diameter equal to the nominal diameter, less 0.5 in. (13 mm) diameter, separately in both the warp and shute directions of
on up to and including 8 in. frames, and 1.0 in. (25 mm) on the sieve cloth. A Certificate with this inspection data must be
greater than 8 in. frames. supplied.
6.4 Nonstandard Test Sieves:
6.4.1 Nonstandard Frames—Other sieve frames may be 8. Marking or Labeling of Test Sieves
square, rectangular, circular, or non-metal. The frame may 8.1 Each test sieve supplied shall bear a label marked with
have the sieve cloth permanently attached, or it may be the following information:
designed so the sieve cloth is replaceable. The provisions of 8.1.1 “Test Sieve,”
6.3.1 apply. Nonstandard test sieves may be certified in 8.1.2 The “ASTM E11” designation,
accordance with Section 7. 8.1.3 Name of the manufacturer or distributor,
6.4.2 Sieves with Backing Cloth—Backing cloth specifica- 8.1.4 Test sieve designation from Table 1, Column 1, and
tions can vary in accordance with the test sieve manufacturer. 8.1.5 Alternate test sieve designation from Table 1, Column
The use of a backing cloth will affect the sieve performance. 2 (optional).
Test sieves with a backing cloth can only be supplied as 8.1.6 Each test sieve shall have a unique serial number
Compliance Sieves. permanently marked onto the sieve frame, skirt, or nameplate.
8.1.7 The test sieve may also be labeled with the Grade
7. Test Sieve and Sieve Cloth Documentation and designation.
Certification
7.1 Documentation of the measurement of the openings in 9. Keywords
the sieve cloth must assure that the test sieve is traceable and 9.1 aperture; calibration sieve; compliance sieve; inspection
certifiable. All test sieve certificates must be traceable by the sieve; opening; particle size; sieve; sieve analysis; sieve cloth;
test sieve serial number. Inspection and Calibration sieves must sieve designation; test sieve; woven wire test sieve cloth

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 E11 − 24

ANNEX

(Mandatory Information)

A1. PROCEDURE FOR INSPECTING SIEVE CLOTH AND TEST SIEVES

A1.1 Every opening in the sieve cloth or test sieve shall The measured openings shall be spaced over the full diameter
have the same probability of being inspected for compliance of the test sieve. Figs. A1.2 and A1.3 indicate options to
with the requirements shown in Table 1. For sieve cloth and measure the individual openings in an 8 in. (203 mm) diameter
test sieves having 15 openings or less, measure all full test sieve. The minimum number of openings to be measured,
openings (see Fig. A1.1). For sieve cloth and test sieves having in both the warp and shute direction, in an 8 in. diameter test
more than 15 openings, carry out the inspection using the sieve for Inspection and Calibration grades are shown in Table
following three procedures: 1, Columns 9 or 11 respectively. For test sieve sizes other than
A1.1.1 Visually inspect the condition of the sieve cloth the 8 in. diameter, the values shown in this table should be
against a uniformly illuminated background. If obvious devia- modified in proportion to the sieving area. For sieves greater
tions from uniformity of appearance are found (weaving than 8-in. diameter with designations 25 mm and larger, a
defects, creases, wrinkles, etc.) the sieve cloth or test sieve, or maximum of, 25 apertures shall be measured for Inspection
both, is unacceptable. sieves and 50 apertures for Calibration sieves. Determine the
A1.1.2 Inspect for oversize openings per tolerance X given average opening along the center line of the sieve cloth
in Table 1 (Column 5); carefully and methodically examine the separately in two directions, parallel to the warp and shute
appearance of all openings in order to detect oversize openings wires respectively (see Figs. A1.2 and A1.3). If the required
for subsequent measurements. Openings in fine mesh sieves number of openings to be measured is more than the available
are best viewed when magnified optically. In the optical in either of these two path patterns, additional parallel paths
method, the minimum number of apertures examined shall be shall be used (which will no longer be on the center line) (see
in accordance with Table 1 (Columns 9 or 11) for sieves and Fig. A1.4).
(Column 7) for sieve cloth. The magnifications listed in Table
A1.1 may be used. If any opening is found to be oversize by A1.1.4 To determine the average opening in sieve cloth
more than tolerance X, the sieve cloth or test sieve is unac- refer to Table 1 for the minimum number of sample openings
ceptable. to be measured. Calculate the standard deviation as in accor-
dance with [Link]. If the wire diameter is measured separately,
A1.1.3 Determine the average opening size (w in
not at the same time the opening is measured, the number of
millimetres), and for apertures less than one millimetre, in
samples shall be the same as the sample openings.
micrometres, the standard deviation and average wire diameter.

FIG. A1.1 All Full Apertures Measure up to 15 Apertures

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 E11 − 24

NOTE 1—Apertures shall be randomly selected, spaced over the full

sieve diameter at irregular intervals, measurement for warp and shute
dimension, only one measurement per aperture.
FIG. A1.2 Example for Crosswise Spot Check

NOTE 1—Apertures shall be randomly selected, spaced over the full

sieve diameter at irregular intervals, measurements for both warp and
shute dimensions shall be made in any one aperture.
FIG. A1.3 Example for Diagonal Spot Check

TABLE A1.1 Magnifying Power in Optical Method

Nominal Aperture Size 5 mm to 500 µm 500 to 250 µm 250 to 20 µm
Magnification 5 to 20 20 to 50 50 to 500

FIG. A1.4 Additional Inspection Paths

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 E11 − 24
APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. DETERMINATION OF THE STANDARD DEVIATION ON AVERAGE APERTURE SIZE

The standard deviation is calculated using equations as illustrated by the following two examples.

X1.1 Example 1 X1.2 Example 2

X1.1.1 Test for Inspection Grade sieve (n = 25, nominal X1.2.1 Test for Calibration Grade sieve (n = 50, nominal
aperture size w = 2 mm): aperture size w = 2 mm):
wi ni n i × wi (wi – w̄) (wi – w̄)2 n × (wi – w̄)2 wi ni ni × wi (wi – w̄) (wi – w̄)2 n × (wi – w̄)2
1.812 0 0.000 –0.132 0.017 0.000 1.812 0 0.000 –0.187 0.035 0.000
1.859 3 5.577 –0.085 0.007 0.021 1.859 2 3.718 –0.140 0.020 0.039
1.906 5 9.530 –0.038 0.001 0.007 1.906 4 7.624 –0.093 0.009 0.035
1.953 11 21.483 0.009 0.000 0.001 1.953 9 17.577 –0.046 0.002 0.019
2.000 6 12.000 0.056 0.003 0.019 2.000 20 40.000 0.001 0.000 0.000
2.047 0 0.000 0.103 0.011 0.000 2.047 10 20.470 0.048 0.002 0.023
2.094 0 0.000 0.150 0.023 0.000 2.094 3 6.282 0.095 0.009 0.027
2.141 0 0.000 0.197 0.039 0.000 2.141 2 4.282 0.142 0.020 0.040
2.188 0 0.000 0.244 0.060 0.000 2.188 0 0.000 0.189 0.036 0.000
n= 25 48.590 0.049 n= 50 99.953 0.183

1 n 1 n
w̄ 5 w
n i51 i( w̄ 5 (
w
n i51 i
48.590 99.953
w̄ 5 5 1.944 mm w̄ 5 5 1.999 mm
25 50

s5 Π1 n
(~ w 2 w̄ ! 2
n 2 1 i51 i
s5 Π1 n
( ~ w 2 w̄ ! 2
n 2 1 i51 i

s5 Π1
24
·0.049 5 0.045 s5 Œ 1
49
·0.183 5 0.061

X1.1.2 Standard deviation σs = 0.045 shall be compared X1.2.2 Standard deviation σs = 0.061 shall be compared
with the value of σx = 0.060 given in Table 1, Column 10. with the value of σx = 0.064 given in Table 1, Column 12.

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 E11 − 24

X2. CRITICAL AREA OF NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE

FIG. X2.1 Critical Area of Normal Distribution Curve

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 E11 − 24

X3. K-FACTORS

TABLE X3.1 K Factors

Xσ K-factors
Samples
n 2.58 3.00
99 % 99.73 %
15 1.49 1.57
20 1.42 1.49
25 1.37 1.43
30 1.34 1.39
40 1.29 1.34
50 1.26 1.30
60 1.24 1.28
80 1.21 1.24
100 1.18 1.21
120 1.17 1.19
160 1.14 1.17
200 1.13 1.15
250 1.12 1.13
300 1.11 1.12

Reference: Courtesy of Professor Aridaman K. Jain, New Jersey Institute of

Technology, 2008. The acceptance confidence levels 2.58 and 3.00 are conser-
vative as applied to the inspection of sieves, and the large sample K-factors are
derived by using the normal distribution as an approximation to a Chi-square
distribution for the sample variance.

X4. STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE TRUNCATED NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE

(courtesy of Professor Ji Meng Loh, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 2015)

X4.1 The stated requirement is that the probability of the P~N* , w 1 X! 2 P~N* , w 1 Z!
area under the truncated normal curve from 0 to w + X minus P~N , w 1 X! 2 P~N , w 1 Z!
the probability of the area under the truncated normal curve 5
P~N , w 1 X! 2 P~N , 0!
from 0 to w + Z is equal to 0.05, expressed where N* is the
truncated normal variable within the interval (0, w + X) as: X4.4 Then standardizing where Φ is the standard normal
cumulative distribution function with mean = 0 and variance =
P ~ N * , w 1 X ! 2 P ~ N * , w 1 Z ! 5 0.05 1 results in:

X4.2 Then, the probability density function of a truncated

normal can be related to the density of the regular normal by 5
SD SD
Φ
X
σ
2Φ
Z
σ
rescaling the truncated normal density by a factor, such that
where N is the regular normal variable with mean w and
Φ SD S D
X
σ
2Φ
2w
σ
standard deviation σ the scaling factor is: X4.5 Hence, we solve for the value of σ so that:
P~N , w 1 X! 2 P~N , 0!
SD SD
X
Φ
σ
2Φ
Z
σ
5 0.05
X4.3 Multiplying by this factor to change N* to N, the
equation becomes: Φ
X
σSD S D
2Φ
2w
σ

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 E11 − 24

X5. DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF SIEVE OPENINGS

X5.1 A Subcommittee E29.01 Task Group for E11 desired comparisons rejecting a false null hypothesis, and very con-
to undertake a study to assess the assumption made in 6.1.5 that servatively removed only up to 1 outlier if it was at least 4
the openings in sieve cloth exhibit a Gaussian normal distri- standard deviations from the mean. Normal Q-Q probability
bution. plots per Practice D6299 were also made to visually inspect the
distribution of the data relative to normal distribution values.
X5.2 Accordingly in 2022, four samples of each of 11 sieve
designations from No. 8 through No. 325 were submitted for X5.3 Based on 95 % to 98 % of the measured sieve opening
analysis by both Newark Wire Cloth and W.S. Tyler. At least data sets exhibiting distribution normality, the use of Gaussian
100 openings of both warp and shute, were measured by an normal distribution statistical techniques are valid and appro-
independent vision system expert, Robert Jackson of msiVi- priate for the development of maximum standard deviation
sion. The same equipment and image processing parameters tolerances.
were used for all measurements to assure consistency. The data
sets were then submitted to Prof. Ji Meng Loh of the Math- X5.4 The measurement data sets, the Task Group msiVision
ematical Sciences Department at New Jersey Institute of report, and the final analysis report from NJIT are available via
Technology for analysis. Prof. Loh utilized the Shapiro-Wilks ASTM as adjunct ADJE0011-E-PDF. The data in ADJE0011-
test to analyze each of the 88 data sets of 100 sieve opening E-PDF was provided to ASTM E29.01 by msiVision, ©
measurements, using a significance level of 0.01 (that is, msiVision. The data in this report was then provided by ASTM
probability of concluding non-normality when in fact the E29.01 to NJIT to be further analyzed. NJIT does not have
distribution is normal). He applied the conservative Bonferroni responsibility for the data. © New Jersey Institute of Technol-
correction method to counteract the problem of multiple ogy.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee E29 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (E11 – 22)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Feb. 1, 2024.)

(1) Added Appendix X5 and Adjunct ADJE0011-E-PDF.

(2) Revised Table 2, Footnote A for reference only clarity
regarding column 3.

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