Problems (Part 1)
(1) In an optical fiber, the core material has refractive index 1.43 and refractive index of clad
material is 1.4. Find the propagation angle.
(2) In an optical fiber, the core material has refractive index 1.6 and refractive index of clad
material is 1.3. What is the value of critical angle? Also calculate the value of angle of
acceptance cone.
(3) Calculate the numerical aperture and acceptance angle of an optical fiber from the following
data: n1(core) = 1.55 and n2(cladding) = 1.50
(4) What is the numerical aperture of an optical fiber cable with a clad index of 1.378 and a core
index of 1.546?
(5) A fiber cable has an acceptance angle of 30° and a core index of refraction of 1.4. Calculate
the refractive index of the cladding.
(6) Calculate the angle of acceptance of a given optical fiber, if the refractive indices of the core
and the cladding are 1.563 and 1.498 respectively.
(7) Calculate the fractional index change for a given optical fiber if the refractive indices of the
core and the cladding are 1.563 and 1.498 respectively.
(8) Calculate the refractive indices of the core and the cladding material of a fiber from the
following data:
Numerical aperture (NA) = 0.22 and Δ = 0.012 where Δ is the fractional refractive index
change.
(9) Find the fractional refractive index and numerical aperture for an optical fiber with refractive
indices of core and cladding as 1.5 and 1.49 respectively.
(10) A glass-clad fiber is made with core glass of refractive index 1.5 and the cladding is
doped to give a fractional index difference of 0.0005. Find:
a. The cladding index.
b. The critical internal reflection angle.
c. The external critical acceptance angle.
d. The numerical aperture.
(11) Calculate the numerical aperture and hence the acceptance angle for an optical fiber
given that refractive indices of the core and the cladding are 1.45 and 1.40 respectively.
(12) A step index fiber has a numerical aperture of 0.16, a core refractive index of 1.45
and core diameter of 90μm. Calculate:
a. The acceptance angle θa
b. The refractive index of the cladding.
c. The approximate number of modes with a wavelength of 0.9μm that a fiber can carry.
A certain optical fiber has an attenuation of 3.5 dB/km at 850 nm. If 0.5 mW of optical
power is initially launched into the fiber, what is the power level in μW after 4 km?
(13) An optical fiber has a NA of 0.20 and a refractive index of cladding 1.59. Determine
the acceptance angle for the fiber in water which has a refractive index of 1.33.
(14) A step index fibre in air has a NA of 0.16, a core refractive index of 1.45 and a core
diameter of 60 μm. Determine the normalized frequency for the fiber when light at a
wavelength of 0.9 μm is transmitted.
(15) A step index fiber is made with a core of index 1.52, a diameter of 29 μm and a
fractional difference index of 0.0007. It is operated at a wavelength of 1.3 μm. Find:
(a) The fiber V-number and
(b) The number of modes the fiber will support.
(16) Find the core radius necessary for single mode operation at 850 nm in SI fiber with
n1 = 1.480 and n2 = 1.47. What is the NA and maximum acceptance angle of this fiber?
(17) Consider a multimode step index fiber with n1 = 1.53 and n2 = 1.50 and λ =1 μm. If
the core radius = 50μm then, calculate the normalized frequency of the fiber (V) and
the number of guided modes.
(18) In order to make the above fiber single mode what will be the core radius a?
(19) The numerical aperture of an optical fiber is 0.5 and a core refractive index 1.54.
(a) What is the refractive index of cladding?
(b) Calculate the relative refractive index change of the fiber.
