CONTENT • Conservation of Architectural Heritage

HERITAGE
CONSERVATION
• Surveying, Recording & Analysis

• Integration

2 • Structure

• Material

• Antiquity
3
• Scale & Context

4
• Matrix Policy

• Timelines
HERITAGE CONSERVATION
CONSERVATION of
HERITAGE * CONSERVATION ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

Nature Preservation Structure

It refers to the Protecting and Underlying
phenomena of the maintaining basis of
physical world, and also buildings in their construction.
to life in general . current state .

Culture Restoration Antiquity

The ideas, customs, and The process of Ancient,
social behavior of a returning a building Act of Antiquity.
particular people or to its former state.
society.
Tangible Reinstatement Monument
The term tangible Restoring or
heritage refers in landscaping the site
general to all the of building work after Ensemble
material traces . the work has finished.
Intangible Maintenance Streetscape
An intangible cultural The process of ensuring
heritage is a practice, that buildings and other Landscape
representation, expression, assets retain a good
knowledge, or skill . appearance .
HERITAGE CONSERVATION
CONSERVATION of
HERITAGE * CONSERVATION ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

Movable Repair Integrity

Any portable natural or Repairing a building is The
manufactured objects a sustainable thing to architectural
of heritage do . elements .
significance.
Immovable Renovation Material
consists of buildings, land The modification of any Constructional,
and historically-valuable existing structure, or Virtual,
items that are connected portion of a structure. Natural .
by fixed ground.
Value Consolidation Vista
An aspect worth ascribed The process of uniting
By people that is used to the quality or state of
Justify heritage resource being united Basis
Significance . specifically .

Archaeological Reconstruction Form

the study of the ancient The largely prototypical
and recent human past restoration of Function
through material damaged or destroyed
remains. monuments .
HERITAGE CONSERVATION
CONSERVATION of
HERITAGE * CONSERVATION ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE

Architectural Retrofitting Scale

A general term to The process of Size of a
describe buildings and modifying something building
other physical after it has been relative to
structures. manufactured. other buildings.
Historical Refurbishment Context
History is the study and The process of Parts of a
the documentation of improvement by building by
the past. cleaning, decorating reference to its
and re-equipping. surroundings.
Scientific Redevelopment Change
Based on or Any new construction
characterized by the on a site that has pre-
existing uses Replica
methods and
principles of science.
Social Adaptive Re-use Original
Relating to society or its The repurposing of an use
organization. existing structure for new Compatible
use.
use
https://built-heritage.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186
CONSERVATION of ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
SURVEYING, RECORDING & DOCUMENTATION *
In heritage conservation, Analysis can only be overviewed through Survey, Recording & Documentation . there are two distinct
areas of survey and recording, with a degree of overlap between them:

1. METRIC SURVEYING & RECORDING : 2. DIAGNOSTIC SURVEYING & RECORDING :

• Quantifiable physical disposition of form and space; • This area is used to locate, isolate, assess, or monitor physical
phenomena affecting the heritage asset ;
• To map historical, technical, and other data for
assessment, analysis ; • Additional documentation project’s concealed features,
deforming or moving components and providing indications
• And synthesis of information to create a plan, then inform, about their condition and performance in time ;
guide, and instruct others in taking conservation action . INCLINATIUON (DEGREE)

TIME (DATE)

Technicians using GPR for data acquisition near During GPR acquisition of data, a point-shaped
the basilica’s rose window. The GPR system was target generates a hyperbole-shaped radar
applied directly to the building’s surface. anomaly . Automated Monitoring System. Recovery of inclination along the north south axis , 1993-2005
3. VIDEO TECHNOLOGY DOCUMENTATION : 5. INFRARED REFLECTOGRAPHY (IRR) :

• Record the buildings ; • Locate and record any Inscription ;

• Construction technique ; • It is also used to examine faded decorative drawings and
• Living heritage ; successive restoration paint layers.;
• Interaction between the filmmaker &
the architectural conservator. • It is a nondestructive digital or photographic
imaging technique.

Field video
Equipment Documentary

4. 3D INFORMATION SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION :

• Digital acquisition technologies ;
• Use of laser scanner & photogrammetry ;
• Containing digital representation ;
• Built heritage digitization .

Perspective
views of the
cloud point
obtained
from the
Digital Parametric
Acquisition. 3D model IRR acquisition Use of IRR
https://www.geotech.hr/en/why-the-tower-of-pisa-commence-to-lean/
INTEGRITY *

Building Material Samples in Lab ;

1 NDT Evaluation .
Building
Materials &
Decay
Data
2 Laser Scanning ;
Geometric Photo Based Methods .
Data Historic
Multidisciplinary Building
Thematic Maps
Diagnosis
Historic
Data Religious Based Research ;
3
Documented Construction Phases .

Architectural
Data
Drawings, Sketches etc ;
4 Past Restoration Projects .
 UNIVERSITY of PAVIA’S PALAZZO CENTRALE, PAVIA, ITALY
(University Palace)

INTRODUCTION *
• Two main Campuses:
Pavia and Cremona ;

• Pavia Campus :
• Polo Centrale or the central
building;
• Polo Cravino or The technological
and scientific pole ;
• Voghera or The degree programs ;
• Vigevano or nursing specialization ;

• Cremona :
• Department of Musicology and
Cultural Heritage .

The Physical • Built during 15th century (1485-

lecture Theatre of 1490) ;
the University of
Pavia (now Aula
Volta), built over • Nine traditional courtyards ;
(INTEGRITY)

the period
1785–1787
• Forty historical theatre
In the foreground, the courtyards of Palazzo Centrale and the facade of Aula Magna, in classrooms.
the backgound the historic core of Pavia.
 GEOMETRIC DATA*
The model can be imported into the informative system ,
• the most detailed level ;
• breakdown process ;
• display the contained information for each element ;
The structured data are an efficient support tool for the subsequent diagnosis,
UNIVERSITY of PAVIA’S PALAZZO CENTRALE, PAVIA, ITALY

preliminary step for conservation and restoration actions .

(INTEGRITY)

Perspective views of the cloud point obtained from the digital acquisition . Axonometric views (top) and rendered view (bottom) of the parametric 3D model
(images by Anna Dell’Amico) .
 SEMANTIC ANALYSIS as a KEY in THE INTERPRETATION of THE ARCHITECTURAL OBJECT *

• The first level :

• Main volumes that compose

the building ;
• Relationships between the built
UNIVERSITY of PAVIA’S PALAZZO CENTRALE, PAVIA, ITALY

elements .

• The Second level :

• Main elements that form

each building block ;
• Horizontal elements;
• Vertical elements ;
• Continuous and discontinuous
roofing ;
• The technical and constructive
elements of each system and
their relationships .

• The Third level :

The single architectural

(INTEGRITY)

•
entities ;
• Compose technological
elements :
Graphical representation of the process of construction analysis carried out on part of the façade of Cortile dei Tassi (Courtyard walls, portals, doors, windows,
of the Yews). The hierarchical structure reaches the level of the architectural detail. columns .
 SEMANTIC ANALYSIS as a KEY in THE INTERPRETATION of THE ARCHITECTURAL OBJECT *

• Constructive features of the building ; • Distinguish the solids and voids ;

• The single decorative elements . • The opaque and transparent surfaces .
UNIVERSITY of PAVIA’S PALAZZO CENTRALE, PAVIA, ITALY
(INTEGRITY)

Breakdown of architectural elements in minimal entities: on the right, one of the columns Breakdown of architectural elements in minimal entities: on the left, one of the windows
in Cortile dei Tassi (Courtyard of the Yews). in Cortile dei Tassi (Courtyard of the Yews).
 HISTORIC DATA*[ EVOLUTION ]
UNIVERSITY of PAVIA’S PALAZZO CENTRALE, PAVIA, ITALY

Plan of The
building
complex is
built
around
nine
courtyards
in 15th
century .
(INTEGRITY)

Illustrative poster distributed during the exhibition of the

Plan of The building complex is built around nine courtyards in 15th century .
Building Development Plan for Pavia University held in the
historical seat of the university in June 1974 .
 EVOLUTION *
PUBLIC USE

CLASS ROOM

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS RESIDENCES

UNIVERSITY of PAVIA’S PALAZZO CENTRALE, PAVIA, ITALY

SPORTS
(INTEGRITY)

Plan of the new structure for scientific faculties . Plan of the new structure for scientific faculties .
 ARCHITECTURAL DATA
UNIVERSITY of PAVIA’S PALAZZO CENTRALE, PAVIA, ITALY

Campus Map .

University Building Class Room

(INTEGRITY)

University College Class Room

Campus Plan .
 PLAN DEVELOPMENT *
UNIVERSITY of PAVIA’S PALAZZO CENTRALE, PAVIA, ITALY

Plan view of First Floor plan .

(INTEGRITY)

Plan view of Ground Floor plan . 3D Model view .

 ELEVATION & SECTION DATA *
UNIVERSITY of PAVIA’S PALAZZO CENTRALE, PAVIA, ITALY

Cortile delle Statue

(Courtyard of the Statues) .

Cortile dei Tassi

(Courtyard of the Yews) .
(INTEGRITY)

Detailed Elevation & Section . Cortile Sforzesco

(Courtyard of the Sforza).
 BUILDING MATERIALS DECAY *

• The Renaissance time period ;

• Begun in Italy during the 14th century ;
• Reached its height in the 15th century ; Terracotta
Tile

• Stucco, stone, marble & terracotta tile materials used in

UNIVERSITY of PAVIA’S PALAZZO CENTRALE, PAVIA, ITALY

Italian Renaissance construction.

Stucco

Stone
Courtyard of the Sforza front view
Stucco Stone
Terracotta
Tile

Marble
(INTEGRITY)

Stone
Marble Terracotta tile Courtyard of the Statues front view
 CONCLUSION & FUTURE DEVELOPMENT *

STATE of CONSERVATION

Poor
UNIVERSITY of PAVIA’S PALAZZO CENTRALE, PAVIA, ITALY

Mediocre
Average
Good
Architectural technical information (back side) .
Excellent

BEFORE AFTER
(INTEGRITY)

The integration between the 3D model and the census sheets creates an Column (a). Column (b).
informative support, queriable and enrichable, able to
display thematic maps. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/hydrogen_europe
STRUCTURE *
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Map of archaeological finds
in the area of the tower.

• Deep understanding of the main structural &

Plan, Section.
• Morphological features .
• Elevation Façade ;
• Comparison among the
• Characterization of the constructive system ; actual and the original
floor height.
• Floor typologies ;
• Morphologic evolution
• Structural element geometry ; hypotheses ;
• Material analysis ;
• Information concerning foundation ; • Hypothesis of the
FRAMEWORK evaluative development.
• Geotechnical & geological characteristics of
Hypothesis of morphological
the soil ;
evolution.
• Mechanical material
properties ; Analysis of the Cracking
Scenario.
• damages or restoration work . 3D numerical models.
 INTRODUCTION *
TIME PERIOD PLACEMENT MATERIAL STRUCTURE

Two constructional
Phases,
The first use of stone; A finely defined crown;
The Lanfreducci
High Medieval Era ; The second use of Mullioned window ;
Tower 11th century . Pisa , Italy bricks. A circular column .

Irregular Stone; Once it was destroyed

Brick; by fire then rebuilt,
High Medieval Era ; Hollow Brick; Byzantine;
Built in 12th -11th Venice , Masonry; Gothic;
Palazzo Ducale century . Northern Italy Plaster. Renaissance style.

Irregular Stone; Three-storied;

Brick; semicircles, trapeziums
High Medieval Era ; Medieval Column; Interior;
The La Sapienza
Palace Built in 1303 . Rome , Italy Masonry . Bee-shaped plan .
Marble;
Lime;
Stone; Solid structure;
Clay; (brick & cement)
High Medieval Era ; Fine sand; Hollow;
Tower of Pisa Built in 1372 . Pisa , Italy Shell. Shell structure.
 MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURE

Morphology in architecture is the study of the Evolution of form within the built environment .
THE LANFREDUCCI TOWER
(STRUCTURE)

Map of archaeological finds in the area of the tower . Plan of the first floor of the Lanfreducci Tower.
 CONSTRUCTIVE SYSTEM *

NORTH SOUTH WEST EAST

THE LANFREDUCCI TOWER

Original Floor
hypothetical
Height .
(STRUCTURE)

Current Floor
Height .
East and north façades of the Lanfreducci Tower . Sections of the Lanfreducci Tower .
 HISTORICAL ANALYSIS *[ EVOLUTION ]

1) Half 12th Century , 4) 1983 ,

2) First Half 14th Century , 5) 1982 ,

THE LANFREDUCCI TOWER

3) First Half 17th Century , 6) 1995 ,

(STRUCTURE)
 IN SITU SURVEY *
THE LA SAPIENZA PALACE & PALAZZO DUCALE

Hypothesis of the morphological evolution of

Palazzo Ducale.

Possible Medieval Columns

Masonry Walls (1400)

Masonry Walls (1500)

Masonry Walls (1700-1800 )

(STRUCTURE)

Interventions

Destroyed walls (not rebuilt)

Hypothesis of the evaluative development of the La Sapienza Palace and plan of ground floor with indications of the
various types of masonry .
Proportion of ancient wall
 STRUCTURAL SURVEY *

ANALYSIS of CRACKING SCENARIO The survey of the cracking scenario and of the deformation
pattern includes information,

• Concerning type;
• Geometry;
• Layout distribution of cracks;
• The identification of structural irregularities ;
• Vertical deviations;
• Loss of horizontality in load-bearing elements .

Full Bricks ;
Full Bricks & Irregular Stones ;
Rough hewn Stone ;

Irregular Stones ;
Hollow Bricks ;
PALAZZO DUCALE

Curtain walls ;
(STRUCTURE)

None Detectable Masonry ;

Cavity .
Masonry typologies surveyed in Palazzo Ducale .
 3D NUMERICAL MODELS *

A B
PALAZZO DUCALE & THE LANFREDUCCI TOWER
(STRUCTURE)

3D numerical models realized based on the information collected in the knowledge phase. (B) Torre Lanfreducci .
(A) Palazzo Ducale .
MATERIAL *
BUILDING MATERIAL INVESTIGATION Building Decay Material ;
The breaking down or
Pathology
rotting of organic matter
through the action of
bacteria, fungi, or other
Materials survey
organisms;
decomposition.
• Material characterization and properties;
NDT stands
• Damage and temporal decay; (Non-Destructive Testing) ;

• Outer skin material & subsurface material survey; Collect data about a
material, system, or
• Use of optical microscope to component without
define the pathology origin; ultra-violet (UV) lighting and permanently altering it.
infrared (IR) imaging to detect organic matter; Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR);
Construction Phase of
• Sampling materials or revealing hidden fabric; Material ;

The period during which a

• Detecting removal of areas of plaster, opening up of blocked
material and substantial
features or inaccessible voids or the lifting of floorboards to
improvement of the
examine floor structures .
property occurs .
 KAISARIANI MONASTERY, ATHENS, GREECE

INTRODUCTION *
• One of the oldest monasteries in
Attica located on the slopes of a
hill ;
• The medieval church was
founded during the Byzantine
times,
• Late 11th Century ;

• Finest examples of cross-in-square

architectural form ;
Entrance of
church.
• Cultural and spiritual center ;

• The church;
• The chapel;
Kaisariani • A rich library;
Monastery,
(MATERIAL)

fresco on
ceiling of
church. • Several excavations conducted
Kaisariani Monastery . in 1958 .
 CONSTRUCTION PHASE of MATERIALS *

NORTH FACADE SOUTH FACADE

KAISARIANI MONASTERY, ATHENS,GREECE

• Fossiliferous limestone;

• Beige off-white porous stone;

• Grey porous stone;

GPR Measurement .
• Compact limestone;
(MATERIAL)

EAST FACADE WEST FACADE

• Limestone of red hue;
Main Church 12th century Bell Tower
• Compact stone of green hue; Narthex 17th century
• Schist; Ancient Material
• Bricks of red hue; St. Antony Chapel Façade Rendering
IRT I mage .
 NORTH FACADE * EAST FACADE
KAISARIANI MONASTERY, ATHENS,GREECE

Classification and validation of building materials integrating NDT results with geometric
documentation .

Elaboration process during the classification of decay on the north façade .

(MATERIAL)

Elaboration
Stones Bricks process
during the
classification
of decay on
Mortars Coating the east
façade .
https://www.ierek.com/events/CAH5th
VISITING PLACE [*MUSEUM ] RESIDENTIAL & HOTEL *
• On 15 August 1975 • Construction started: 1727;
Bangabandhu & his whole • Architectural style: Mughal
family were killed in their architecture;
residence. The house has • Opened: 1949;
been transformed into a
Museum;
• Location : Dhanmondi, • Museum;
Dhaka ; • Hotel;
• Opening : 1994. • Residence ( Royal family).
Bangabandhu Memorial, Dhaka, Bangladesh City Palace, Jaipur, India

Urbanization around The house later Museum . Urbanization around The City palace of Jaipur.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/Heritage_conservation_and_architectural_education
 *
HERITAGE CONSERVATION POLICY MATRIX • MATRIX :
A kind of Environment or context in which
something develops ,
In one word The growing process .

• POLICY MATRIX :
Shows how each item in a policy will be
Implemented in practice .

• TIMEFRAME :
• Policy
• Action
• Responsible.

In another words Heritage Conservation

Policy Matrix in Architecture is the
Sum up idea of all the items in
Conservation of Architectural Heritage.

* https://www.researchgate.net/publication/Heritage_conservation_and_architectural_education
TIMELINE 1*
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE (Around the world )

1 Classic 3 Gothic 5 Baroque 7 Art-Deco 9 Post Modernism

7th-4th BC 1050-1170 AD 1100-1450 AD 1400-1600 AD 1600-1755 AD 1750-1920 AD 1925 1917 to 1965 1950 to 2007 1997-Present

2 Romanesque 4 Renaissance 6 Neo Classical 8 Modernism 10 Parametricism

https://www.thespruce.com/top-architectural-styles-4802083
1. CLASSIC ARCHITECTURE *

• Construction : • Restoration :
1. Ancient Greece;
2. 7th-4th Century BC.
• Characteristic :
1. Large religious temples built in stone;
2. Symmetry;
3. Geometry & Perspective.
• Architectural Orders :
1. Doric;
2. Ionic;
3. Corinthian.

• Greatest Work :

Parthenon, Built in the Acropolis of Athens in the

5th century BC .
2. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE *

• Construction : • Restoration :
1. Europe;
2. 6th-9th Century.
• Characteristic :
1. Inspired by the Republic of Ancient Rome;
2. Heavy and resistant walls;
3. Minimal openings in semicircular arches.
• Greatest Work :

Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, Spain .

3. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE *

• Construction : • Restoration :
1. Late Middle Ages in France;
2. Between the years 900 and 1300.
• Characteristic :
1. Vertical and majestic architecture;
2. Ecclesiastical churches and cathedrals;
3. Ogival arches and rib vaults.

• Greatest Work :

Notre Dame Cathedral .

4. RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE *

• Construction : • Restoration :
1. Europe;
2. 14th-16th Century.
• Characteristic :
1. The use of the classical orders;
2. Mathematical ratios of height & width;
3. Symmetry, proportion, and harmony.
• Greatest Work :

Florence cathedral, Italy .

TIMELINE 2 *
ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY (Around the world )

1 Mesopotamian 3 Minoan 5 Etruscan 7 Greece 9 Christian-era 11 Islamic-era

Civilization Civilization Civilization Civilization

7000 BC 5000 BC 4000 BC 3000 BC 1000 BC 500 BC 400 BC 456 AD 300 AD 4th-15th AD 8th-14th AD 16th-17th AD

2 Egyptian 4 Mycenaean 6 Persian 8 Roman 10 Byzantine 12 Renaissance

Civilization Civilization Civilization Civilization Empire Period
https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/the-history-of-architecture
TIMELINE 3 *
ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY (In Bangladesh, Before 1971 war)

1 Sonargaon 3 Lalbagh Fort 5 Natore Rajbari 7 Puthia Temple 9 Tajhat Palace

Sultanate Complex

14th Century 1352-1576 1678 1704-1722 1706-1710 1761 1823 1859-1872 1917 1992

2 Sixty Dome 4 Kantajew 6 Anderkilla Shahi 8 Ahsan Manzil 10 Curzon Hall

Mosque Temple Jame Mosque
https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/the-history-of-architecture
TIMELINE 4 *
ARCHITECTURAL MODULE & PATTERN (In Bangladesh, After 1971 war)

1 Shashi Lodge 3 Bangladesh National 5 METI Handmade 7 S.A Residence 9 Shahabuddin School
Parliament School

1978 1978-79 1982 1996 1999 2004 2011 2012 2015 2018

2 Bangladesh 4 Liberation War 6 Bashundhara City 8 Baitur Rauf 10 Friendship Hospital

National Library Museum Shopping Complex Mosque
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305520303_Architectural_Pattern_Definition_for_Semantically_Rich_Modular_Architectures
TIMELINE 5 *
ARCHITECTURAL CLIMATIC CONSERVATION

1 Tropical 3 Temperate 5 Polar

2 Dry 4 Continental