Farm Machinery and Power - Practical Examination
[Link]. (Ag) 2nd Year, 1st Semester
Ex. 1: Mention the four strokes of I.C. engine with a neat sketch and explain their role. (04 marks)
An Internal Combustion (I.C.) Engine operates on a four-stroke cycle, which includes:
1. Intake Stroke (Suction Stroke):
- The intake valve opens, and the piston moves downward.
- A mixture of air and fuel enters the cylinder.
- Role: Fills the combustion chamber with the air-fuel mixture.
2. Compression Stroke:
- Both valves are closed.
- The piston moves upward, compressing the air-fuel mixture.
- Role: Increases pressure and temperature of the mixture for efficient combustion.
3. Power Stroke (Combustion Stroke):
- The compressed mixture is ignited by a spark plug (in petrol engines) or by high pressure (in diesel
engines).
- The explosion forces the piston downward.
- Role: Converts chemical energy into mechanical energy.
4. Exhaust Stroke:
- The exhaust valve opens, and the piston moves upward.
- Burnt gases are expelled from the cylinder.
Farm Machinery and Power - Practical Examination
[Link]. (Ag) 2nd Year, 1st Semester
- Role: Removes waste gases from the combustion chamber.
(Sketch: Provided)
Ex. 2: What is calibration of seed drill? Write steps of seed drill calibration. (03 marks)
Calibration of Seed Drill:
- Calibration is the process of adjusting the seed drill to ensure the correct amount of seed is placed
at the correct spacing and depth for optimal plant growth.
Steps of Seed Drill Calibration:
1. Prepare the Machine: Check and clean the seed drill.
2. Mark the Area: Mark a distance equal to the circumference of the ground wheel multiplied by 10
to simulate field conditions.
3. Fill Seed Box: Fill the seed box with a known quantity of seed.
4. Lift and Rotate Wheels: Lift the seed drill so the wheels can rotate freely. Rotate the ground wheel
for a specific number of revolutions.
5. Collect Seeds: Collect the seeds dropped from all the furrow openers.
6. Weigh Seeds: Weigh the collected seeds.
7. Calculate Rate: Calculate the seed rate using the formula:
Seed Rate = (Weight of collected seeds x Field Area) / Distance traveled
8. Adjust Settings: If the seed rate is not as desired, adjust the metering mechanism and repeat the
process.
Farm Machinery and Power - Practical Examination
[Link]. (Ag) 2nd Year, 1st Semester
Ex. 3: Explain Fuel supply system of a tractor with the help of neat sketch. (03 marks)
Fuel Supply System of a Tractor:
The fuel supply system ensures a continuous supply of fuel to the engine under all operating
conditions.
Main Components:
- Fuel Tank: Stores fuel.
- Fuel Filter: Removes dirt and impurities.
- Fuel Pump: Pumps fuel from the tank to the injection system.
- Fuel Injection Pump: Pressurizes fuel and delivers it to the injectors.
- Injectors: Spray fuel into the engine cylinder for combustion.
- Return Line: Returns excess fuel back to the tank.
Working:
1. Fuel from the tank passes through the filter.
2. The fuel pump sends fuel to the injection pump.
3. The injection pump regulates the quantity and timing of fuel delivery.
4. Injectors atomize the fuel into the combustion chamber.
5. Excess fuel returns to the fuel tank through the return line.
(Sketch: Provided)
Farm Machinery and Power - Practical Examination
[Link]. (Ag) 2nd Year, 1st Semester
Viva Voce (03 Marks)
- Be ready for questions like:
- What is a four-stroke engine?
- Why is seed drill calibration important?
- How does a fuel injector work?
Practical Record (02 Marks)
- Make sure your practical record book is complete, neat, and signed by the instructor.
