Grade 11 Pre-Cal reviewer for 2nd Grading by Yuan Cañazares, SIGMAth Club
Unit Circle
● A circle with the Point of Origin (0,0) as the center with it having a radius of 1.
● The equation of the unit circle is x2 + y2 = 1.
● The circumference of a unit circle is 2π.
Trigonometric Ratios
● The first three are: Sine (Sin), Cosine (Cos), Tangent (Tan)
Note: These three trig ratios are the capital letters in SohCahToa.
● Sin = Opposite/Hypotenuse
● Cos = Adjacent/Hypotenuse
● Tan = Opposite/Adjacent
● The last three are: Cosecant (Csc), Secant (Sec), Cotangent (Cot)
Note: These three trig ratios are the capital letters in ChoShaCao.
● Csc = Hypotenuse/Opposite
● Sec = Hypotenuse/Adjacent
● Cot = Adjacent/Opposite
Grade 11 Pre-Cal reviewer for 2nd Grading by Yuan Cañazares, SIGMAth Club
Ang technique na tinuro sa kung paano mabilis macompute ang Sin, Cos, at Tan ng 0°, 30°,
45°, 60°, and 90° ay imaginin mo as certain angles ang ginagawa ng fingers mo.
Reflective and Coterminal angles
● Ang hirap na mag english guys. Anyways reflective angle is yung mirrored kumbaga
na version ng angle na mahahanap mo sa first quadrant.
● For example ang 135° pag mirrored ay 45°.
● May technique para malaman agad ang reflective angle, nakadepende ito sa
quadrant ng original angle.
● Kung nasa Q2 ka: 180°-θ, θ = given angle
Q3: θ-180°
Q4: 360°-θ
● Sa coterminal angles naman ay angles in standard position.
● Ang circle ay may 360° lang pero may angles na sobra diyan kaya sila ay umiikot
(parang spiral kumbaga)
● So basically maghanap ka lang ng value na nasa loob ng 0-360.
● Mag add or minus ka lang sa given angle mo hanggang makaabot ka sa range na
yun.
Grade 11 Pre-Cal reviewer for 2nd Grading by Yuan Cañazares, SIGMAth Club
Trigonometric Hexagon
● Ginagamit ito para mapadali pagsolve ng trig identities.
Rules:
1. Opposites to each other are reciprocals
Ex. 1/Sin = Csc
Ex. 1/Cos = Sec
Ex. 1/Tan = Cot
2. Products of opposite sides are equal to 1
3. Yung function na nasa gitna ng dalawang function ay product nung said two function
Ex. (Cos)(Tan) = Sin
Ex. (Sec)(Cot) = Csc
4. Any 3 consecutive functions, in either direction is the first equals the second divided
by the third.
Note: Medyo nakakalito to pero ang technique ay lagi numerator/dividend ang
second. Tas kahit ano piliin mo dun sa dalawa kahit ipagpalit mo tama parin ang
equation.
Ex. Sin/Cos = Tan
Ex. Sin/Tan = Cos
Ex. Tan/Sec = Sin
5. Product ng tatlong alternating functions ay 1
Note: Dalawa lang to
Ex. (Sin)(Cot)(Sec) = 1
Ex. (Tan)(Cos)(Csc) = 1
6. Sa yellow triangles, addens yung square ng nasa dalawang corner tas ang sum nila
ay yung nasa baba
Ex. Sin2 + Cos2 = 1
Ex. Tan2 + 1 = Sec2
Ex. 1 + Cot2 = Csc2
7. Ang cofunctions ay ang kung sino magka align horizontally. At ang given function
with given angle ay equal with confunction and complementary value ng angle.
Ex. Sin 37° = Cos 53°
Ex. Cot 24° = Tan 66°
Note: ang cofunction yung may “co” malamang. Complemetary angles ay may sum
na 90 so lagi dapat equals to 90° ung dalawang angles mo.
Grade 11 Pre-Cal reviewer for 2nd Grading by Yuan Cañazares, SIGMAth Club
Ang sin, cos, at tan ay agad may signs depende sa quadrant kunyari ang Q1 ay lagi
positive ang sin, cos, at tan. Kung negative, sure na inde ito sa Q1
sin cos tan
Q1 + (Positive) + (Positive) + (Positive)
Q2 + (Positive) - (Negative) - (Negative)
Q3 - (Negative) - (Negative) + (Positive)
Q4 - (Negative) + (Positive) - (Negative)
Polar Coordinates
● Ito yung displacement (distance and direction) ng isang point (Usually (0,0)) to
another point.
● r = distance, a = azimuth (direction)
● Ang formula for azimuth ay: a = tan-1(y/x)
Note: Kailangan parin natin iconsider ang yung quadrant ng ating point.
x y
Q1 + +
Q2 - +
Grade 11 Pre-Cal reviewer for 2nd Grading by Yuan Cañazares, SIGMAth Club
Q3 - -
Q4 + -
● Ang proper way na isulat ay: (r, a)
Ex. (10, 143°)
Para naman sa Polar to Cartesian:
● Dalawa ang kailangan natin, x and y.
● For x, (r)cosa
Ex. 10cos(143°) = -7.486
● For y, (r)sina
Ex. 10sin(143°) = 60.182
● Final answer natin ay: (-7.486, 60.182)
● Dapat lagi ordered pair ang sagot.
Kung may errors pa message agad guys para maayos, thank you!
