Savitribai Phule Pune University

2019 Pattern
( As Per New Revised Syllabus )

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For

Power Devices & Circuits

(Semester-VI)
Elec. & Telecommunication Engineering
 Unit 3 - DC To AC Converters

Syllabus Topics :
Single phase half and full bridge square wave inverter for R and R-L load using MOSFET
/ IGBT and its performance analysis and numerical, Cross conduction in inverter, need of
voltage control and strategies in inverters, classifications of voltage control techniques,
control of voltage using various PWM techniques and their advantages, concept and need
of harmonic elimination / reduction in inverters, Three Phase voltage source inverter for
balanced star R load with 120 and 180 degree mode of operation, device utilization factor,
Advanced Converters like matrix inverter, multi-level inverters and their topologies and
its driver circuits (no derivation and numerical).

Important, Expected & Pyq’s Question :

1. Explain working of single phase half bridge inverter (using MOSFET / IGBT) for R-L
load with input & output waveforms. [7]

2. Explain working of single phase full bridge inverter for R load with input & output
waveforms. Derive an expression for rms output voltage. [7]

3. Explain working of single phase full bridge inverter (using MOSFET/IGBT) for R-L load
with input & output waveforms. [7]

4. single-phase half-bridge inverter has a resistive load of R = 2.4 Ω and the dc input
voltage is Vs = 48V. Determine: (i) the rms output voltage at the fundamental frequency
Vo1, (ii) the output power Po, (iii) the average and peak currents of each transistor. [6]

5. Single phase full bridge inverter is operated from 100V dc supply, it has a resistive
load of R = 10 Ω. Find: (i) rms o/p voltages at third & fifth harmonic (V03 & V05), (ii)
Distortion factor (DF) of 3rd harmonic component, (iii) Total harmonic distortion
(THD). [6]

6. Single phase full bridge inverter is operated from 50V dc supply, it has a resistive load
of R = 5 Ω. Find: (i) RMS o/p voltages at third & fifth harmonic (V03 & V05), (ii)
 Distortion factor (DF) of 3rd harmonic component, (iii) Total harmonic distortion
(THD). [6]

7. Explain the effect of cross conduction in inverter. [4]

8. What are PWM techniques in inverter? Explain any one PWM technique with waveform.
[5]

9. Give the classification of inverters? Draw Three Phase voltage source inverter for
balanced star R load. [5]

10. What are PWM techniques in inverter? Explain Multiple PWM technique with
waveforms. [5]

11. What is meant by harmonics in inverters? Explain effects of harmonics. [5]

12. What is meant by harmonics in inverters? Explain how harmonics can be reduced. [7]

13. Draw a three phase inverter for balanced star R load? Explain its operation of 120°
mode with gate signals & output waveforms. [12]

14. Draw a three phase inverter for balanced star R load? Explain its operation of 180°
mode with gate signals & output waveforms. [12]

15. Compare 120° mode with 180° mode in three phase bridge inverter. [5]

16. Compare freewheeling diode with feedback diode. [4]

17. How feedback diodes differ from freewheeling diodes? [4]

18. Explain advanced converters like matrix inverter and multi-level inverters along with
their topologies and driver circuits.
Single Phase Half and Full Bridge Square Wave Inverter for R and R-L Load using MOSFET
/ IGBT and its Performance Analysis & Numerical

Pyq’s Question :
1. (a) Explain working of single phase half bridge inverter (using MOSFET / IGBT) for R-
L load with input & output waveforms. [7]
2. (a) Explain working of single phase full bridge inverter for R load with input & output
waveforms. Derive an expression for rms output voltage. [7]
3. (b) Explain working of single phase full bridge inverter (using MOSFET/IGBT) for R-L
load with input & output waveforms. [7]

Introduction:
 A half-bridge inverter is a type of inverter that converts DC power into AC power
using two switching devices.
 It is widely used in power electronics applications for converting DC voltage into AC
voltage of desired frequency and magnitude.

Definition:
 A half-bridge inverter consists of two switching devices such as MOSFETs, IGBTs,
SCRs, or GTOs. It provides a square wave output.

Working Principle:
 The inverter operates by switching the two MOSFETs alternately, generating a
square wave output voltage.ā
 When T1 is on, the output voltage is +Vs/2, and when T2 is on, the output voltage is
-Vs/2.
 The direction of current flow depends on the state of the MOSFETs.

Diagram:
 The circuit consists of two MOSFETs (T1 and T2) that switch alternately.
 A DC source provides power to the inverter.
 The output voltage waveform is a square wave with alternating positive and negative
cycles.
Operation with Resistive Load:
 When T1 conducts, current flows from point A to B in the load, producing a positive
output voltage.
 When T2 conducts, current flows from point B to A, producing a negative output
voltage.
 The output waveform follows the same pattern as the switching of MOSFETs.

Diagram:
Explanation of Diagram:
 The output voltage waveform is a square wave.
 The current waveform is identical to the voltage waveform since the load is
resistive.
 The MOSFETs switch at regular intervals, alternating the output polarity.

Operation with Inductive Load:

Diagram:

Explanation of Diagram:
 The diodes D1 and D2 allow current to flow when MOSFETs are turned off.
 The output voltage waveform is still a square wave, but the current waveform is not
identical due to inductive effects.
 Inductive loads create feedback energy, which is stored and released cyclically.

Key Observations:
 The inverter produces a square wave output regardless of the load type.
  Resistive loads result in current waveforms identical to voltage waveforms.
 Inductive loads cause a phase shift between current and voltage due to energy
storage in the inductor.
 Diodes D1 and D2 help maintain current flow when the MOSFETs switch off.

Applications:
 Used in UPS systems for power backup.
 Used in motor drives for speed control.
 Applied in power conversion for renewable energy sources.

Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter:

Introduction:
 A full-bridge inverter is a type of inverter that converts DC power into AC power
using four switching devices.
 It is widely used in industrial applications where higher power and efficiency are
required.

Definition:
 A full-bridge inverter consists of four switching devices (MOSFETs or IGBTs) and
four diodes for feedback operation in case of an inductive load.

Working Principle:
 The inverter operates by switching the four transistors alternately in pairs.
 When T1 and T2 conduct, the output is positive (+Vs), and when T3 and T4 conduct,
the output is negative (-Vs).
 The direction of current flow depends on the state of the MOSFETs or IGBTs.

Diagram:
 The circuit consists of four transistors (T1, T2, T3, and T4) that switch alternately.
 A DC source provides power to the inverter.