FINAL REVISION 6 EDEXCEL EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
Saturday, April 26, 2025 9:38 AM
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Machine Learning (ML)
Question: Explain how machine learning is used in recommendation systems (e.g., Netflix or YouTube). What are the
benefits and potential ethical concerns?
Answer:
Machine learning (ML) powers recommendation systems by analyzing user behavior (e.g., watch history, likes,
searches) to predict preferences. Netflix and YouTube use collaborative filtering (comparing users with similar
tastes) and content-based filtering (recommending similar items).
Benefits:
- Personalizes user experience.
- Increases engagement and retention.
Ethical Concerns:
- Filter bubbles (users only see content matching their views).
- Privacy issues (data collection without clear consent).
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2. Blockchain Technology
Question: Describe how blockchain works in cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. Why is blockchain considered secure, and
what are some non-financial uses of this technology?
Answer:
Blockchain is a decentralized ledger that records transactions in blocks linked via cryptography. Bitcoin uses it to
ensure transparency and prevent double-spending.
Security Features:
- Decentralization (no single point of failure).
- Immutability (data cannot be altered once recorded).
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3. Quantum Computing
Question: What makes quantum computing different from traditional computing? Give one example of a problem
that quantum computers could solve faster than classical computers.
Answer:
Traditional computers use bits
multiple states at once (superposition) and be linked (entanglement).
Example Problem:
- Factoring large numbers (breaking encryption) using Shor’s algorithm, which is exponentially faster than classical
methods.
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4. Internet of Things (IoT)
Question: Discuss how IoT is used in smart homes. What are the advantages of IoT devices, and what security risks
do they pose?
Answer:
Smart Home IoT Examples:
- Smart thermostats (e.g., Nest) adjust temperatures based on habits.
- Voice assistants (e.g., Alexa) control lights/appliances.
Advantages:
- Convenience (automation).
- Energy efficiency.
Security Risks:
- Hacking (unsecured devices can be hijacked).
- Data privacy (sensors collect personal data).
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5. Virtual Reality (VR) & Augmented Reality (AR)
Question: Compare VR and AR with examples. How are these technologies being used in education or healthcare?
5. Virtual Reality (VR) & Augmented Reality (AR)
Question: Compare VR and AR with examples. How are these technologies being used in education or healthcare?
Answer:
| VR | AR |
|--------|--------|
| Fully immersive digital world (e.g., Oculus Rift). | Overlays digital info on the real world (e.g., Pokémon Go). |
Applications:
- Education: VR for virtual lab experiments; AR for interactive textbooks.
- Healthcare: VR for surgeon training; AR for overlaying MRI scans during surgery.
Which emerging tech has the biggest societal impact? Why?
- Should governments regulate AI? Justify your answer.
