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Hi, I’m Sonja Burger. I’m chatting to you from Paarl, this beautiful historic
town in South Africa in which I live and work. Today we’re going to chat
about three different phrasal verbs. The first one is ‘knock out’, the
second one is ‘brush off’ and the third one is ‘build up’. So let’s go into
my study and discuss these three phrasal verbs and look at sample
sentences that illustrate them. Please come along.
Right, so let’s start with the first phrasal verb ‘knock out’. It has 5
different meanings. The first meaning is to make someone unconscious
or to cause him or her to sleep. Let’s start with a boxing sentence:
He knocked his opponent out in the first round with a fast right.
So this is a literal meaning. In other words, he punches them, he knocks
him out and then he falls down and loses consciousness. I just want to
add here that you don’t have to be unconscious to be knocked out in
boxing. You just have to be unable to get up and continue the fight for at
least 10 seconds. But that was the literal meaning of ‘knock out’. You can
also use this in the sense of sleeping.
Jeez I took that medicine with alcohol accidentally and it knocked me
out for hours.
So in this case the person isn’t physically knocked out. This person isn’t
unconscious. But the person sleeps for a couple of hours.
The second meaning of knock out is to defeat a person or team so that
that person or team cannot continue competing. And here we are going to
have a tennis sentence:
During the 2016 French open, Djokovic knocked out the rising
Austrian tennis star Dominic Thiem in a victory of 6-2, 6-1 and 6-4.
MAIRO VERGARA ADVANCED PHRASAL VERBS COURSE
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So Djokovic knocked out, defeated, the Austrian tennis star. Djokovic
could carry on to the next round, the final round and Thiem couldn’t.
The third meaning: to damage or destroy. Sample sentence:
Massive solar flares could knock out power grids and leave
communities in darkness for several weeks.
So a solar flare is a brief eruption of intense, high-energy radiation from
the sun’s surface and if these flares are large enough, they have the
potential to knock out power grids on earth.
The fourth meaning is an informal meaning and that is to do something
with great energy, to go for it. Example sentence:
Eat and drink as much as you like and dance the night away. Knock
yourselves out.
So notice the use of the reflexive pronoun here. ‘Knock yourselves out’ or
‘knock yourself out’ or ‘I knocked myself out’ there is a sense of abandon;
of doing whatever you like to your heart’s content.
Meaning five: to be impressed by someone or something:
Wow, that band knocked me out – the concert was awesome.
So in this sense, one is surprised at how good something is. So when
something knocks you out there is often an element of surprise.
And now for the second phrasal verb: ‘brush off’. We’re going to look at
one literal meaning of ‘brush off’ and two figurative meanings. Sample
sentence of the first meaning, which is to get rid of something from a
surface:
Brush off the dandruff from your collar.
Now we all know what dandruff is – those little pieces of white dead skin
from your head. In this case, you literally brush them off from the collar.
MAIRO VERGARA ADVANCED PHRASAL VERBS COURSE
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The second meaning of ‘brush off’ is to ignore someone’s attempt at
establishing a relationship with you. Sample sentence:
The engineering student tried to ask the drama student on a date. He
texted her, he invited her to the movies, he asked her out for drinks
several times but she kept brushing him off.
So it’s clear that this girl does not want to establish a relationship with
the engineering student and that is why she ignores his attempts at
establishing this relationship. She brushed him off.
The third meaning is to refuse to listen to someone or to that person’s
ideas. Example sentence from the world of work:
If you brush off my suggestions about changing our business model,
we run the risk of bankrupting this firm in the next ten years. We
have to keep up with change and we have to look to the future.
So in this case the employee has suggestions about changing the
business model but the boss brushes them off. He ignores them; he
refuses to listen to them. Very often when you use this meaning of ‘brush
off’, there’s a sense of disrespect; a sense of a dismissive attitude.
And now for the last phrasal verb and that is to ‘build up’. Number 1:
After they had found the hungry, wasted child, they built up his
strength by feeding him healthy food and giving him lots of love.
Now this meaning of ‘build up’ is to increase or intensify something.
The second meaning is to develop. Let’s look at an example sentence
about a family who became very wealthy.
It is often the case that the first generation builds up wealth, the
second generation builds on that wealth and unfortunately, the third
generation often wastes the wealth.
MAIRO VERGARA ADVANCED PHRASAL VERBS COURSE
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So here’s a sense of development. The first and second generations
develop wealth; they build it up. And then unfortunately, it is wasted in
the third generation. Interestingly enough, the worlds’ richest man at this
stage, Bill Gates is not going to leave the bulk of his fortune to his
children and he has this to say: They need to have a sense that their own
work is meaningful and important.
Meaning three of ‘build up’: And that is to improve to a positive attitude.
Sample sentence:
Always build up other people with kind words. Never break them
down with criticism.
Now when I was young my dad gave me this very valuable advice. He said
“My child, whenever you joke, joke positively. Don’t joke negatively at the
expense of someone. Wise words indeed.
And that is all for today. To summarize: Go knock yourselves out, think
carefully before you brush off good ideas and always build up those
around you.
MAIRO VERGARA ADVANCED PHRASAL VERBS COURSE
