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Vectors - Add Math Summary

The document explains the scalar product (dot product) of two vectors, which results in a constant value. It also describes how to find the angle between two vectors using their scalar product and magnitudes, and outlines the conditions for perpendicular and parallel vectors. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.

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Zian John
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34 views1 page

Vectors - Add Math Summary

The document explains the scalar product (dot product) of two vectors, which results in a constant value. It also describes how to find the angle between two vectors using their scalar product and magnitudes, and outlines the conditions for perpendicular and parallel vectors. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Zian John
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Vectors

SCALAR PRODUCT OR DOT PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS


o Called “scalar product” because EXAMPLES
the result is a constant value, not
1. If -----⃑ -----⃑ = /'0
𝐴𝐵 = /%$#0 and 𝐴𝐶 (
a vector.
-----⃑
𝐴𝐵 ∙ 𝐴𝐶-----⃑ = (−2)(5) + (1)(6) = −10 + 6
o The scalar product of two vectors,
= −4
a and b, is written as 𝑎 ∙ 𝑏

o !!
If 𝑎 = &"# !"
' and 𝑏 = &"$ ' , then 2. If 𝒑 = 3𝑖 − 4𝑗 and 𝒒 = 5𝑖 − 7𝑗

𝑎 ∙ 𝑏 = 𝑥# 𝑥$ + 𝑦# 𝑦$ 𝒑 ∙ 𝒒 = (3)(5) + (−4)(−7) = 15 + 28 = 43

ANGLE BETWEEN TWO VECTORS


EXAMPLE
1. If -----⃑
𝑃𝑄 = /)'0 and -----⃑
𝑃𝑅 = /%$*0, find angle 𝑃J

-----⃑ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 -----⃑


𝑃 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑅
-----⃑
𝑃𝑄 ∙ -----⃑
𝑃𝑅 = (3)(−2) + (5)(4) = −6 + 20 = 14
The angle between two vectors
can be found using the following: -----⃑ T = U(3)$ + (5)$ = √34
T𝑃𝑄
𝑎∙𝑏
cos 𝜃 = -----⃑ T = U(−2)$ + (4)$ = √20
T𝑃𝑅
|𝑎||𝑏|
14 14
cos 𝑃 = =
√34√20 √680
%#
14
𝑃 = cos = 57.5°
√680

PERPENDICULAR VECTORS
EXAMPLE
1. Two vectors 𝒂 = 5𝑖 − 2𝑗 and 𝒃 = 6𝑖 + 𝑘𝑗 are
perpendicular. Calculate the value of k.

If two vectors are perpendicular, since a and b are perpendicular, 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 = 0

their scalar product = 0. (5)(6) + (−2)(𝑘) = 0


30 − 2𝑘 = 0
30 = 2𝑘
𝑘 = 15
PARALLEL VECTORS
If two vectors are parallel, and moving in the same direction: 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 = |𝒂||𝒃|
If two vectors are parallel, but moving in opposite directions: 𝒂 ∙ 𝒃 = −|𝒂||𝒃|

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