2 Marks Ques on

What do you mean by CSR fund

3.State the meaning of NGO
2.Give any two strategic advantages of CSR.
Name two primary aims of CSR
Define CSR Annual Report
State the meaning of Philanthropy
2.List down Principles of CSR
2.What do you mean by Corporate Philanthropy
2.Triple Bo om Line Approach
2.Sustainable Development and social framework - how is it corelated
2.Global Green House Emissions means and implies
3.What is an ESG Report
2.State ethics in work life.
5 Marks Ques on

2.Write short note on Indian values and ethics.

Explain iden fying key stakeholder of CSR
4.Differen ate between charity and philanthropy with examples of organiza ons engaged into it.
2.How is Industries & ci zen's par cipa on in sustainable development.
2.State Contemporary issues and hurdles in CSR.
10 Marks Ques on

Why is it important for companies to align their CSR-ini a ves with their core values and mission?
What is social Sustainability? Explain the importance of CSR in both rich and poor socie es.
2.A corporate body is made up of varying categories of personnel, opera ng at various levels with
different responsibili es and rights. Describe five points you will take into considera on while
dra ing the code of ethics to be implemented in your organisa on.
2.Explain the Nature as to why board of Corporate Governance in India was established with its
structure and establishment.
2.Sustainable Development is need of hour. Explain with an example of Bhutan Case for Inclusive
Growth on Environment protec on and Reducing carbon footprints.
2.State dimension of Sustainable Development. Explain Social Factors or Parameters which help in
inclusive growth of an economy and society.
2.Enlist the various legisla on for CSR in India. What are Ac vi es under schedule VII for the CSR
and its compliances with the recent developments.
2.What are various 17-Point charter under United Na ons agenda for Global Peace and Sustainable
Development - 2030. How it is important & helpful for India's long-term growth and development.
2.Indian Values and Ethics are considered to be one of Best in World. Explain with few illustra ons
as to its applicability in Airline and Food Industry.
Based on the social responsibility core subjects of ISO 26,000, an organiza on has to define internal
requirements. Illustrate two different ac on plans that would be acceptable to verify the
implementa on of the requirement.
2.Illustrate current trends and opportuni es in CSR as a strategic business tool for sustainable
development from Indian and global perspec ves.
2 Marks Ques ons
1. What do you mean by CSR fund?
CSR fund refers to the financial resources allocated by a company for implemen ng its Corporate
Social Responsibility ini a ves. In India, as per the Companies Act 2013 (Sec on 135), companies
mee ng certain financial thresholds must allocate at least 2% of their average net profits from the
three preceding financial years toward CSR ac vi es specified under Schedule VII of the Act.
2. State the meaning of NGO.
An NGO (Non-Governmental Organiza on) is a non-profit en ty that operates independently of
government control to address social, environmental, or cultural issues. NGOs work to promote
welfare, development, or advocacy, o en collabora ng with corporates for CSR ini a ves, e.g.,
providing educa on or disaster relief.

3. Give any two strategic advantages of CSR.

 Enhanced Brand Image: CSR ac vi es improve a company’s reputa on, building trust and
loyalty among customers and stakeholders.
 Employee Engagement: CSR ini a ves boost employee morale and a ract talent by aligning
with their values, leading to higher produc vity.
 Risk Reduc on: Proac ve CSR minimizes regulatory and reputa onal risks, ensuring business
stability.
 Customer Loyalty: Suppor ng social causes builds trust, encouraging repeat business and
brand loyalty.
4. Name two primary aims of CSR.
 Social Welfare: Improving community well-being through educa on, healthcare, or poverty
allevia on programs.
 Environmental Sustainability: Reducing environmental impact through eco-friendly prac ces
like waste reduc on or renewable energy adop on.
 Ethical Business Prac ces: Promote fairness, transparency, and integrity in opera ons to build
trust with stakeholders.
 Economic Development: Support sustainable economic growth by crea ng jobs or skill
development programs, benefi ng both society and the company.
5. Define CSR Annual Report.
A CSR Annual Report is a document published by a company to disclose its CSR ac vi es,
expenditures, and impact for a financial year. It outlines how the CSR fund was u lized, the projects
undertaken, and their outcomes, ensuring transparency and compliance with regula ons like the
Companies Act, 2013.
6. State the meaning of Philanthropy.
Philanthropy refers to voluntary ac ons by individuals or organiza ons to donate money, resources,
or me for the public good, without expec ng financial returns. It focuses on addressing social issues,
such as funding schools or hospitals, to improve societal welfare.
7. Triple Bo om Line Approach
The Triple Bo om Line (TBL) approach measures a company’s success based on three pillars:
 People: Social impact, such as improving employee welfare or community development.
 Planet: Environmental sustainability, like reducing carbon emissions or waste.
 Profit: Financial performance, ensuring business viability while balancing social and
environmental goals.
8. Sustainable Development and social framework - how is it correlated?
Sustainable development aims to meet present needs without compromising future genera ons’
resources, focusing on economic, social, and environmental balance. The social framework ensures
inclusive growth by addressing issues like poverty, educa on, and healthcare, which supports
sustainable development by fostering equitable socie es.
9. Global Greenhouse Emissions means and implies.
Global Greenhouse Emissions refer to gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane released into the
atmosphere, contribu ng to climate change. They imply the need for global ac on to reduce
emissions through sustainable prac ces, like using renewable energy or improving energy efficiency.
10. What is an ESG Report?
An ESG Report is a document that outlines a company’s performance in Environmental, Social, and
Governance (ESG) areas. It covers environmental impact (e.g., emissions), social responsibility (e.g.,
labor prac ces), and governance (e.g., ethical policies), helping stakeholders assess sustainability and
ethical prac ces.
11. State ethics in work life.
Ethics in work life refers to moral principles guiding workplace behavior, such as honesty, fairness,
and respect. It includes maintaining integrity in decision-making, trea ng colleagues equally, and
adhering to laws and company policies.
12.List down Principles of CSR
 Accountability

 Transparency

 Ethical behavior

 Respect for stakeholder interests

 Respect for the rule of law

5 Marks Ques ons
1. Write short note on Indian values and ethics

Indian values and ethics are deeply rooted in ancient philosophical tradi ons while evolving to
address contemporary social and business challenges. Core Indian ethical values include:
1. Dharma (Righteousness): The principle of fulfilling one's du es and responsibili es with
integrity and moral virtue.
2. Satya (Truth): The commitment to honesty and truthfulness in all interac ons and
communica ons.
3. Ahimsa (Non-violence): Respect for all living beings and avoidance of harm to others in
thought, word, and deed.
4. Seva (Service): The principle of selfless service to society, par cularly to those in need.
5. Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (The world is one family): A holis c worldview that recognizes the
interconnectedness of all beings and promotes universal harmony.
These values have tradi onally informed both personal conduct and business ethics in India,
emphasizing social responsibility, sustainable prac ces, and the common good over mere profit-
making. In modern corporate contexts, these values manifest in ethical leadership, stakeholder-
focused business models, and comprehensive CSR ini a ves that address social inequali es and
environmental challenges.
2.Explain iden fying key stakeholders of CSR
Iden fying key stakeholders of CSR involves a systema c process of recognizing and priori zing
groups affected by or who can affect a company's CSR ini a ves:
1. Stakeholder Mapping: Companies conduct comprehensive assessments to iden fy all par es
poten ally impacted by their opera ons, including employees, customers, shareholders, local
communi es, suppliers, government bodies, NGOs, and the environment.
2. Impact Analysis: Evalua ng the degree to which each stakeholder group is affected by
business opera ons and CSR ac vi es through social impact assessments and stakeholder
consulta ons.
3. Power-Interest Grid: Priori zing stakeholders based on their power to influence the
company's opera ons and their level of interest in the company's CSR ac vi es.
4. Engagement Strategies: Developing appropriate communica on and collabora on
mechanisms for different stakeholder groups based on their priori za on.
5. Con nuous Reassessment: Regularly reviewing and upda ng stakeholder iden fica on as
business opera ons evolve and social contexts change.
Effec ve stakeholder iden fica on ensures that CSR ini a ves address genuine social needs, align
with stakeholder expecta ons, and create meaningful impact, ul mately enhancing the sustainability
and effec veness of CSR programs.
3.Differen ate between charity and philanthropy with examples of organiza ons engaged into it

Aspect Charity Philanthropy

Long-term solu ons to solve big social

Meaning Short-term help for immediate needs.
issues.

Quick relief (e.g., food, clothes, Las ng change (e.g., educa on,
Focus
disaster aid). healthcare systems).

Reac ve, addresses symptoms of Proac ve, targets root causes for
Approach
problems. sustainable impact.

Ongoing, strategic efforts for systemic

Timeframe Temporary, one- me or recurring aid.
change.

Small-scale, o en local or individual- Large-scale, impacts communi es or

Scale
focused. society broadly.

Immediate relief, limited long-term Long-term societal benefits, measurable

Outcome
impact. change.

Dona ng blankets, food, or funds for Building schools or funding research for
Example Ac vi es
flood vic ms. poverty allevia on.

Example CRY (Child Rights and You): Provides Azim Premji Founda on: Funds
Organiza ons food, shelter to kids in need. educa on reforms, teacher training.

Addi onal Goonj: Distributes clothes, essen als Bill & Melinda Gates Founda on: Invests
Examples to disaster-hit areas. in global health, educa on.

4.How is Industries & ci zen's par cipa on in sustainable development

Industries and ci zens par cipate in sustainable development through complementary roles and
collabora ve efforts:
Industries' Par cipa on:
1. Implemen ng sustainable business models that reduce environmental footprints while
maintaining economic viability
2. Inves ng in clean technologies and renewable energy sources
3. Adop ng circular economy principles to minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency
4. Engaging in responsible supply chain management that considers environmental and social
impacts
 5. Par cipa ng in mul -stakeholder ini a ves and public-private partnerships for sustainable
development goals
Ci zens' Par cipa on:
1. Adop ng sustainable consump on pa erns and lifestyle choices
2. Engaging in community-based sustainability ini a ves and local environmental governance
3. Applying pressure on businesses and governments through consumer choices and civic
ac vism
4. Contribu ng to sustainable innova on through grassroots ini a ves and social
entrepreneurship
5. Par cipa ng in environmental educa on and awareness-raising ac vi es
The interac on between industry and ci zen par cipa on creates a powerful synergy for sustainable
development. When industries respond to ci zen demands for sustainability, and ci zens support
businesses with responsible prac ces, it creates a virtuous cycle that accelerates progress toward
sustainable development goals.
5.State Contemporary issues and hurdles in CSR
Contemporary issues and hurdles in CSR implementa on include:
1. Measurement and Impact Assessment: Organiza ons struggle to develop robust metrics and
methodologies to accurately measure the social and environmental impact of their CSR
ini a ves, making it difficult to demonstrate ROI and improve effec veness.
2. Integra on with Core Business: Many companies face challenges in moving beyond
peripheral CSR ac vi es to fully integra ng social responsibility into their core business
strategy, opera ons, and corporate culture.
3. Greenwashing Concerns: As CSR becomes more mainstream, dis nguishing between genuine
commitment and superficial image-building (greenwashing) has become increasingly difficult
for stakeholders.
4. Supply Chain Complexity: Global supply chains present significant challenges in ensuring
ethical prac ces throughout all ers of suppliers, par cularly in regions with different
regulatory standards and cultural contexts.
5. Stakeholder Engagement: Balancing the diverse and some mes conflic ng expecta ons of
mul ple stakeholders while maintaining focus on material issues presents ongoing challenges
for CSR prac oners.
These contemporary issues require innova ve approaches, industry collabora on, and greater
transparency to overcome, as organiza ons strive to make their CSR ini a ves more impac ul and
authen c in addressing complex social and environmental challenges.
10 Marks Ques ons
1.Why is it important for companies to align CSR ini a ves with core values and mission?

Aligning CSR ini a ves with a company's core values and mission is important for several reasons:
1. Authen city and credibility: When CSR ac vi es reflect what a company truly stands for,
stakeholders perceive these efforts as genuine rather than superficial.
2. Strategic advantage: Alignment creates synergy between business opera ons and social
impact, leading to more effec ve resource alloca on.
3. Enhanced brand reputa on: Consistent alignment strengthens the company's iden ty and
reputa on among customers, investors, and the public.
4. Employee engagement: When employees see a connec on between their work and broader
social goals, mo va on and reten on typically improve.
5. Sustainable impact: CSR ini a ves that connect to core business competencies are more likely
to receive ongoing support and achieve meaningful results.
6. Compe ve differen a on: Well-aligned CSR becomes part of a company's unique iden ty
in the marketplace.
2.What is social sustainability? Explain the importance of CSR in both rich and poor socie es.
Social sustainability refers to the ability of a society to maintain social well-being and harmony over
me. It involves crea ng systems that promote equity, diversity, quality of life, democracy, and
interconnectedness among communi es.
Key components include:
 Fair access to resources and opportuni es
 Social cohesion and inclusion
 Protec on of human rights

 Intergenera onal equity

Importance of CSR in different contexts:
In rich socie es:
1. Addresses inequality and social exclusion that o en persist despite overall prosperity
2. Helps tackle environmental challenges created by high consump on pa erns
3. Promotes ethical business prac ces and corporate accountability
4. Provides mechanisms for wealth redistribu on through community investment
5. Encourages innova on in sustainable technologies and prac ces
In poor socie es:
1. Supplements limited government capacity to provide essen al services

2. Creates economic opportuni es and supports skill development

3. Helps build cri cal infrastructure (healthcare, educa on, water systems)
4. Addresses urgent social needs directly affec ng vulnerable popula ons
5. Supports sustainable development that balances economic growth with social and
environmental concerns
3.A corporate body is made up of varying categories of personnel, opera ng at various levels with
different responsibili es and rights. Describe five points you will take into considera on while
dra ing the code of ethics to be implemented in your organisa on.
When dra ing a code of ethics for implementa on across a diverse corporate structure with
personnel at various levels and responsibili es, the following five cri cal considera ons ensure
relevance, effec veness, and comprehensive ethical guidance
1. Inclusivity in development process: Involve stakeholders from all levels of the organiza on to
ensure diverse perspec ves are incorporated and to build ownership of the code.
2. Clarity and prac cal relevance: Create clear, specific guidelines that address real ethical
dilemmas employees might face in their daily work, using concrete examples relevant to your
industry.
3. Alignment with organiza onal values: Ensure the code reflects and reinforces the
organiza on's stated mission, vision, and core values while acknowledging industry-specific
ethical challenges.
4. Implementa on and enforcement mechanisms: Establish clear procedures for repor ng
viola ons, protec ng whistleblowers, inves ga ng concerns, and enforcing consequences
consistently across all levels.
5. Regular review and adapta on: Build in processes to periodically review and update the code
to address emerging ethical challenges, regulatory changes, and evolving societal
expecta ons.
4.Explain the Nature as to why board of Corporate Governance in India was established with its
structure and establishment.
The establishment of Corporate Governance frameworks in India was driven by several key factors:
Nature and purpose:
1. To protect shareholder interests by ensuring transparency and accountability
2. To address corporate scandals and failures that eroded investor confidence
3. To align with global best prac ces as India integrated with the world economy
 4. To balance business growth with ethical conduct and stakeholder interests
5. To support sustained economic development through well-governed corpora ons

Structure and establishment:

1. SEBI (Securi es and Exchange Board of India) serves as the primary regulatory body
2. The Companies Act of 2013 formalized many governance requirements
3. The governance framework includes mandatory and voluntary components
4. Listed companies must comply with specific requirements under SEBI's Lis ng Obliga ons and
Disclosure Requirements (LODR)
5. Key structural elements include independent directors, audit commi ees, nomina on and
remunera on commi ees, and stakeholder rela onship commi ees
5.Sustainable Development is need of hour. Explain with an example of Bhutan Case for Inclusive
Growth on Environment protec on and Reducing carbon footprints.
Sustainable development balances economic growth with environmental protec on and social
welfare to meet present needs without compromising future genera ons' ability to meet their needs.
Bhutan case study:
1. Gross Na onal Happiness (GNH): Bhutan priori zes na onal happiness and well-being over
merely measuring GDP, evalua ng development through environmental preserva on, cultural
promo on, sustainable development, and good governance.
2. Cons tu onal environmental protec on: Bhutan's cons tu on mandates maintaining at
least 60% of the country under forest cover permanently.
3. Carbon nega ve status: Despite being a developing country, Bhutan absorbs more carbon
than it emits due to its extensive forests and hydropower development.
4. Tourism policies: Bhutan implements a "high value, low impact" tourism model with daily
visitor fees that fund free educa on, healthcare, and poverty allevia on programs.
5. Renewable energy focus: The country generates most of its electricity through hydropower,
reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Bhutan demonstrates that priori zing environmental protec on and social well-being alongside
economic development creates a more holis c and sustainable development model.
6.State dimension of Sustainable Development. Explain Social Factors or Parameters which help in
inclusive growth of an economy and society.
Dimensions of Sustainable Development:
1. Economic sustainability: Crea ng prosperity without deple ng natural and social capital
2. Environmental sustainability: Maintaining biodiversity and ecological systems
3. Social sustainability: Ensuring equitable access to resources and opportuni es
 4. Cultural sustainability: Preserving cultural diversity and prac ces
5. Ins tu onal sustainability: Establishing effec ve governance structures

Social Factors for Inclusive Growth:

1. Access to quality educa on: Ensuring all segments of society have educa onal opportuni es
that develop relevant skills for economic par cipa on
2. Healthcare access: Universal healthcare systems that prevent catastrophic health
expenditures and maintain workforce produc vity
3. Social protec on systems: Safety nets that protect vulnerable popula ons during economic
transi ons or personal crises
4. Gender equality: Removing barriers to women's full economic and social par cipa on
5. Financial inclusion: Providing access to banking, credit, and financial services for all
popula on segments
6. Digital inclusion: Ensuring all communi es have access to informa on technology and digital
infrastructure
7. Community par cipa on: Involving local communi es in development planning and
implementa on
7.Enlist the various legisla on for CSR in India. What are Ac vi es under schedule VII for the CSR
and its compliances with the recent developments.
Key CSR Legisla on in India:
1. Companies Act, 2013 (Sec on 135): Made CSR mandatory for companies mee ng certain
financial thresholds
2. Companies (CSR Policy) Rules, 2014: Provided implementa on framework
3. Companies (Amendment) Act, 2019: Introduced changes to penalty provisions

4. Companies (CSR Policy) Amendment Rules, 2021: Updated implementa on requirements

5. Income Tax Act provisions: Offer tax benefits for certain CSR ac vi es
Ac vi es under Schedule VII for CSR:
1. Eradica ng hunger, poverty, malnutri on; promo ng healthcare and sanita on
2. Promo ng educa on and voca onal skills development
3. Gender equality, women empowerment, facili es for senior ci zens
4. Environmental sustainability, ecological balance, animal welfare
5. Protec on of na onal heritage, art, and culture
6. Benefits for armed forces veterans and war widows
 7. Rural sports and Paralympic sports development
8. Contribu on to government funds for socio-economic development

9. Technology incubators within academic ins tu ons

10. Rural development projects
11. Slum area development
12. Disaster management ac vi es
Recent developments:
 COVID-19 relief ac vi es were included as eligible CSR ac vi es

 Unspent CSR funds must now be transferred to specific government funds

 Companies must conduct impact assessments for large CSR projects
 CSR implementa on requires board oversight and registered implemen ng agencies
8.What are various 17-Point charter under United Na ons agenda for Global Peace and Sustainable
Development - 2030. How it is important & helpful for India's long-term growth and development.
The 17 SDGs (2030 Agenda):
1. No Poverty
2. Zero Hunger
3. Good Health and Well-being
4. Quality Educa on
5. Gender Equality
6. Clean Water and Sanita on
7. Affordable and Clean Energy
8. Decent Work and Economic Growth
9. Industry, Innova on, and Infrastructure

10. Reduced Inequali es

11. Sustainable Ci es and Communi es
12. Responsible Consump on and Produc on
13. Climate Ac on
14. Life Below Water
15. Life on Land
16. Peace, Jus ce, and Strong Ins tu ons
17. Partnerships for the Goals
Importance for India's long-term growth:
1. Comprehensive development framework: SDGs provide a holis c roadmap addressing India's
complex development challenges
2. Poverty eradica on focus: Directly supports India's priority of li ing millions out of poverty
3. Alignment with na onal priori es: SDGs complement domes c ini a ves like Swachh Bharat,
Digital India, and Make in India
4. Climate resilience: SDGs promote adapta on strategies crucial for India's climate-vulnerable
regions
5. Global partnership leverage: Framework enables India to access interna onal resources,
technology, and exper se
6. Governance improvement: Implementa on requires stronger ins tu ons and more
transparent governance
7. Data-driven policy: SDG monitoring mechanisms encourage evidence-based policymaking
9.Indian Values and Ethics are considered to be one of Best in World. Explain with few illustra ons
as to its applicability in Airline and Food Industry.
Indian Values and Ethics with industry applica ons:
1. Ahimsa (Non-violence):
o Airline Industry: Implemen ng stringent safety protocols priori zing passenger well-
being; developing sustainable avia on prac ces reducing environmental impact
o Food Industry: Leading in vegetarian food op ons; humane animal husbandry
prac ces; ethical sourcing policies
2. Satya (Truthfulness):
o Airline Industry: Transparent pricing without hidden charges; honest communica on
during delays; accurate adver sing
o Food Industry: Truthful product labeling; accurate nutri onal informa on; authen c
representa on of tradi onal recipes
3. Seva (Service):
o Airline Industry: Air India's excep onal customer service philosophy; assistance
programs for elderly and differently-abled passengers
o Food Industry: MDH Spices' commitment to quality and affordability; community
feeding programs during disasters
 4. Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (World as One Family):
o Airline Industry: Air India's cultural sensi vity training; inclusion of diverse cuisines;
mul lingual services
o Food Industry: Haldiram's and MTR Foods adap ng tradi onal recipes for global
consumers while maintaining authen city
5. Sustainable Living:
o Airline Industry: SpiceJet's ini a ves to reduce single-use plas cs; fuel efficiency
programs
o Food Industry: ITC's water conserva on in food processing; Dabur's sustainable
harves ng prac ces; tradi onal packaging materials revival
10.Based on the social responsibility core subjects of ISO 26,000, an organiza on has to define
internal requirements. Illustrate two different ac on plans that would be acceptable to verify the
implementa on of the requirement.
ISO 26000 provides guidance on social responsibility through seven core subjects. Here are two ac on
plans to verify implementa on requirements:
Ac on Plan 1: Human Rights Due Diligence Process
1. Documenta on review:
o Examine human rights policy documenta on
o Review risk assessment reports iden fying poten al human rights impacts
o Verify grievance mechanism procedures and documenta on
2. Performance metrics and monitoring:
o Track number of human rights impact assessments conducted
o Monitor grievance cases received, resolved, and pending

o Measure training hours on human rights policies for employees and suppliers
3. Stakeholder feedback:
o Conduct anonymous surveys with employees, communi es, and suppliers
o Establish focus groups with vulnerable popula ons in areas of opera on
o Document feedback from human rights organiza ons and external experts
4. Third-party verifica on:
o Commission independent human rights audit
o Par cipate in industry human rights cer fica on programs
o Engage with mul -stakeholder ini a ves for external valida on
Ac on Plan 2: Environmental Responsibility Implementa on
Implementa on verifica on:

1. Environmental management system verifica on:

o Document review of environmental policies and procedures
o Verify ISO 14001 cer fica on documenta on
o Review environmental impact assessment reports
2. Performance measurement:
o Track key environmental indicators (emissions, waste, water usage, energy
consump on)
o Monitor compliance with legal requirements and voluntary commitments
o Document implementa on of pollu on preven on measures
3. Resource alloca on verifica on:
o Review budget alloca ons for environmental ini a ves

o Verify staff dedicated to environmental management

o Document investment in green technologies and process improvements
4. External valida on:
o Publish independently verified sustainability reports
o Par cipate in environmental ra ng systems and disclosure frameworks
o Engage with environmental NGOs for program evalua on
11.Illustrate current trends and opportuni es in CSR as a strategic business tool for sustainable
development from Indian and global perspec ves.
Indian perspec ve:
1. Integra on with business strategy: Companies moving from philanthropy to strategic CSR
aligned with core business
2. Focus on measurable impact: Increased emphasis on outcome-based CSR with rigorous
monitoring and evalua on
3. Collabora ve models: Growing partnerships between corpora ons, NGOs, and government
for greater impact
4. Digital transforma on: Using technology to enhance CSR delivery and transparency (CSR data
pla orms, digital repor ng)
5. ESG integra on: Rising investor focus on Environmental, Social, and Governance factors
driving more comprehensive sustainability approaches
 6. Supply chain focus: Extending CSR principles to en re value chain, especially in labor-intensive
sectors
Global perspec ve:
1. Purpose-driven business models: Shi toward stakeholder capitalism where social purpose
integrates with profit mo ve
2. Climate ac on emphasis: Corporate net-zero commitments and science-based targets
becoming standard prac ce
3. Circular economy innova ons: Redesigning products and processes to eliminate waste and
pollu on
4. Human rights due diligence: Increasing regulatory requirements for human rights
assessments throughout opera ons
5. SDG alignment: Strategic mapping of business ac vi es to Sustainable Development Goals
6. Impact inves ng growth: Expansion of financial instruments that generate both financial
returns and posi ve social impacts
7. Consumer ac vism influence: Growing consumer preference for brands with authen c
sustainability commitments
Opportuni es:
1. Innova on catalyst: CSR driving development of sustainable products, services, and business
models
2. New market access: Addressing social needs crea ng entry points to previously untapped
markets
3. Talent a rac on and reten on: Strong CSR programs becoming crucial for recrui ng skilled
workforce

4. Risk management: Proac ve sustainability approaches mi ga ng regulatory, reputa onal,

and opera onal risks
5. Compe ve differen a on: Authen c purpose-driven approaches crea ng las ng brand
loyalty
12.Describe Triple Bo om Line and Summarise the significance of TBL Reports.
The Triple Bo om Line framework measures organiza onal success across three dimensions:
1. Profit - Financial performance and economic value crea on
2. People - Social responsibility toward employees, communi es, and stakeholders
3. Planet - Environmental stewardship and ecological impact reduc on
Developed by John Elkington in 1994, TBL redefines success beyond just financial profit to include
posi ve social and environmental contribu ons.
Significance of TBL Reports
1. Comprehensive performance view - Evaluates success beyond financial statements

2. Stakeholder communica on - Transparent disclosure builds trust with investors, customers,

and communi es
3. Risk iden fica on - Highlights poten al social and environmental issues before they become
problems
4. Strategic decision-making - Guides more balanced business approaches with long-term
perspec ve
5. Compe ve differen a on - Appeals to conscious consumers, employees, and investors
6. Opera onal efficiency - Iden fies resource waste and improvement opportuni es
7. Regulatory readiness - Prepares organiza ons for increasing disclosure requirements
8. Reputa on enhancement - Demonstrates authen c commitment to sustainable business
prac ces

TBL repor ng represents a shi from shareholder-only focus to recognizing that truly successful
businesses create value across economic, social, and environmental dimensions simultaneously.