KEY HIGHLIGHTS

AGRICULTURE CENSUS
2015-16

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Contents
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................................... 4
3. HIGHLIGHTS .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
4. Agriculture Census Results – All India All Social Groups................................................................................... 8
5. State-wise Agriculture Census results – All Social Groups .............................................................................18
6. State-wise Agriculture Census results – Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes .........................................24

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 1. INTRODUCTION
❖ The Agriculture Census in India is conducted at five yearly intervals to collect data on
structural aspects of operational holdings in the country.
❖ The Agriculture Census programme is carried out in three phases at five yearly intervals with
cooperation of States/UTs.
❖ The Government of India provides financial and administrative support as well as all technical
guidance to States/UTs required for Census operations.
❖ In each State/UT a nucleus staff of the State Government, designated as State Agriculture
Census Unit is responsible for coordinating the activities of Agriculture Census Programme at
the State/UT level.
❖ The reference period for Agriculture Census is the Agricultural year (July-June).
❖ The first comprehensive Agriculture Census in the country was conducted with reference year
1970-71.
❖ So far, nine Agriculture Censuses have been conducted in the country. The current Agriculture
Census with reference year 2015-16 is tenth in the series.
❖ Being the ultimate unit for taking agriculture-related decisions, operational holding has been
taken as statistical unit at micro-level for data collection.

The main objectives of Agriculture Census are:

1. To describe structure and characteristics of agriculture by providing statistical data on

operational holdings, including land utilization, irrigation, irrigated and unirrigated area under
different crops, use of agricultural machinery and implements, use of fertilizers, seeds,
agricultural credit etc.
2. To provide benchmark data for formulating new agricultural development programmes and
for evaluating their progress.
3. To provide basic frame of operational holdings for carrying out future agricultural surveys and,
4. To lay a basis for developing an integrated programme for current agricultural statistics.

International effort for Agriculture Census:

• The decennial World Census of Agriculture sponsored by Food and Agriculture Organisation
(FAO) of the United Nations essentially constitutes a series of National Agriculture Census
taken all over the world in or around the same year within the framework of uniform concepts
and definitions and a common programme of items coverage and tabulation.

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 2. CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

S. No Concept Definition
1. Operational • All land which is used wholly or partly for Agricultural
Holding production and is operated as one technical unit by one person
alone or with others without regard to the title, legal form, size,
or location.
2. Technical Unit • A technical unit has been defined as the unit which is under the
same management and has the same means of production such
as labor force, machinery, animals, credit etc.
3. Agricultural • Agricultural production includes growing of field crops including
Production jute, oilseeds, fodder grass, seeds, tree nurseries (except those of
forest trees), fruits, vegetables and flowers, plantation crops
(coffee, tea, cocoa, rubber) etc.
4. Operated area • Operated area includes both cultivated and uncultivated area,
provided part of it is put to Agricultural production during the
reference period.
• If, for instance, an operational holding consists of four survey
numbers out of which one survey number is put to non-
Agricultural uses, the total area of the operational holding is
equal to the total geographical area of all the four survey
numbers.
• Operated area excludes government forest land, government
waste land, village common grazing land, Abadi area etc. If
Government wasteland is allotted to an individual then it is
included in the holding.
5. Operational • An Operational holder is the person who has the responsibility
holder for the operation of the Agricultural holding and who exercises
the technical initiative and is responsible for its operation. He
may have full economic responsibility or may share it with others.
• The operational holder may be Individual/Joint/ Institutional.
Size Classes and Broad Size Groups of Holdings:

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This report contains the number and area of operational holdings distributed with reference to the
following variables:

✓ Size category (Marginal, Small, Semi-medium, Medium, and Large)

✓ Social groups (SC, ST, and Others)
✓ Types of Holding (Individual, Joint, Institutional)
✓ Gender (Male, Female)
✓ States (All States and Union Territories of Indian Union)

3. HIGHLIGHTS
❖ The total number of operational holdings in the country has increased from 138.35 million in
2010-11 to 146.45 million in 2015-16 showing an increase of 5.86%.
❖ The highest percentage share in 2015-16 was observed in marginal category (68.5%) followed
by small (17.6%), semi-medium (9.6%), medium (3.8%) and large category (0.6%).
❖ The total operated area in the country has decreased from 159.59 million ha. in 2010- 11 to
157.82 million ha. in 2015-16 showing a decrease of 1.11%. The highest percentage share in
2015-16 was observed in marginal category (24%) followed by semi-medium (23.8%), small
(22.9%), medium (20.2%) and large category (9.1%).
❖ The average size of operational holdings has declined to 1.08 ha. in 2015-16 as compared to
1.15 in 2010-11.
❖ The percentage share of female operational holders has increased from 12.79% in 2010- 11
to 13.96% in 2015-16 with the corresponding figures of 10.36% and 11.72% in operated area.

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 ❖ In 2015-16, participation of female operational holders was highest under marginal category
(72%) followed by small (17%) and semi-medium (8.1%).
❖ The percentage share of female operational holders has increased from 12.79% in 2010-11 to
13.96% in 2015-16 with the corresponding figures of 10.36% and 11.72% in the operated area.
❖ This shows that more and more females are participating in the management and operation
of agricultural lands.
❖ The share of female operational holders belonging to SC and ST social group were estimated
at 11.4% and 7.9 % respectively.
❖ The percentage share of Wholly owned & self-operated holdings in total operational holdings
has remained static at about 98% in 2010-11 and 2015-16.
❖ The number of wholly leased-in holdings was estimated at 5.31 lakh (0.36%) in 2015-16 and
was highest in marginal category (4.54 lakh).
❖ Among states, the highest share of wholly leased-in holdings in total operational holdings
was observed in the state of Odisha (5.82%) followed by Goa (5.53%), Manipur (4.40%), West
Bengal (1.62%), Sikkim (1.45 %), Punjab (0.60%) and Andhra Pradesh (0.36%).
❖ The Gross cropped area has decreased marginally from 193.76 million hectare in 2020- 11 to
191.76 million hectares in 2015-16.
❖ In 2015-16, the highest percentage share was observed in marginal category (25.6%) and
lowest in large category (8.4%).
❖ Among major states, Uttar Pradesh had the highest share (14.0%) in gross cropped area
followed by Rajasthan (12.8%), Madhya Pradesh (12.1%) and Maharashtra (11.9%).
❖ The percentage share of net sown area in operated area has increased marginally from 88.5%
in 2010 11 to 88.7% in 2015-16.
❖ In 2015-16, the highest proportion of net sown area in operated area was observed in
marginal category (90.4%) and lowest in large category (82.8%). Among major states, Gujarat
had the highest share of 98.3 % followed by Madhya Pradesh (95.5%), Karnataka (95.1%), Uttar
Pradesh (94.4%), West Bengal (94.3%), Maharashtra (87.6%) and Rajasthan (85.7%).
❖ 14 out of 36 States/UTs in the country accounted for about 91.01% of the total number of
operational holdings and about 88.19% of the total area operated in the country. These States
were Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nādu, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal.

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 ❖ The percentage share of net irrigated area to net sown area has increased from 45.7% in
2010-11 to 48.7% in 2015-16; and highest increased was observed in large category (18.3%)
and lowest in marginal category (2.6%).
❖ The small and marginal holdings taken together (0.00-2.00 ha.) constituted 86.08% of the total
holdings in 2015-16 against 85.01% in 2010-11 while their share in the operated area stood at
46.94% in the current census as against 44.58% in 2010-11.
❖ The Semi-medium and Medium operational holdings (2.00-10.00 ha.) in 2015-16 were only
13.35% with 43.99% operated area. The corresponding figures for 2010-11 census were
14.29% and 44.82%.
❖ The large holdings (10.00 ha. & above) were merely 0.57% of total number of holdings in 2015-
16 and had a share of 9.07% in the operated area as against 0.70% and 10.59% respectively
for 2010-11 census.
❖ In 2015-16, the proportion of net irrigated area to net sown area was highest in marginal
category (53.6%) and lowest in large category (44.4%).
❖ Among major states, Uttar Pradesh had the highest share of 83.2% followed by West Bengal
(68.2%), Tamil Nadu (62.2%), Bihar (61.4%), Madhya Pradesh (56.3%), Andhra Pradesh
(48.9%), Gujarat (54.2%) and Rajasthan (43.4%).
❖ The percentage of gross irrigated area to gross cropped area has increased from 45.3% in 2010-
11 to 49.8 % in 2015-16.
❖ In 2015-16, the highest proportion of gross irrigated area to gross cropped area was observed
in marginal category (54.0%) and lowest in small category (46.6%). Among major states, Uttar
Pradesh had the highest share of79.5% followed by Bihar (68.2%), Tamil Nadu (62.3%), West
Bengal (59.4%) and Gujarat (51.9%).
❖ The cropping intensity has remained static at 1.37 during 2015-16 and 2010-11.
❖ Among states, Punjab recorded the highest cropping intensity of 1.97 while Mizoram recorded
the lowest cropping intensity of 1.00.
❖ The percentage share of all food crops in gross cropped area has gone down marginally from
76.3% in 2010-11 to 75.1% in 2015-16 while the percentage share of all non-food crops has
increased marginally from 23.7% to 24.9% during the same period.

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 4. Agriculture Census Results – All India All Social Groups
Operational holdings:

Distribution of operational Holdings:

• The number of operational holdings has been continuously increasing since the first
Agriculture Census in 1970-71.
• The number of holdings, which was 71.0 million in 1970-71 went to 81.6 million, 88.9 million,
97.2 million, 106.6 million, 115.6 million, 119.9 million, 129.2 million, 138.3 million and 146.5
in the successive censuses from 1976-77 to 2015-16.
• Thus, the number of holdings, since the first Agriculture Census 1970-71 has shown a
compound annual growth rate of 1.62 percent.
• The operated area which was 162.3 million hectares in 1970-71, initially increased to 165.5
million hectares in 1990-91 and thereafter has shown a declining trend in general.
• Operated Area decreased over the years primarily due to diversion of agricultural land to
nonagricultural uses like housing, industry, and infrastructure.
• The average size of holdings had shown a continuous decline over all the census periods from
the fact that in 1970-71 it was 2.28 hectares, which reduced to 2.00 hectares in 1976-77, 1.84
hectares in 1980-81, 1.69 hectares in 1985-86, 1.55 hectares in 1990-91, which again declined
to 1.41 hectares during 1995-96, 1.33 hectares in 2000-01, 1.23 hectares in 2005-06, 1.15
hectares in 2010-11 and 1.08 hectares in 2015-16.

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 • The total number of operational holdings in the country increased from 138.35 million in
2010-11 to 146.45 million in 2015-16, showing an increase of 5.86 percent.
• Male operational holdings (excluding Institutional) constituted 86.0 percent while female
holdings were 14.0 percent in 2015-16 against 87.2 percent and 12.8 percent respectively in
2010-11. This indicates rising participation of females in management and/or operation of
agricultural holdings in the country.
• In terms of corresponding operated area, it was 159.59 million hectares in 2010-11 which
decreased to 157.82 million hectares in 2015-16, showing a decrease of 1.11 percent.
• The proportion of operated area managed by female operational holders (excluding
Institutional) stood at 11.8 percent in 2015-16 against 10.4 percent in 2010-11 while the same
proportion by males was 88.2 percent in 2015-16 against 89.6 percent in 2010-11.
• The average size of operational holding in Agriculture Census 2015-16 was 1.08 hectares
against 1.15 hectares in 2010-11 whereas the same relating to male and female operational
holdings in 2015-16 was 1.10 hectares and 0.90 hectares against 1.18 hectares and 0.93
hectares in 2010-11 respectively.
• The average operated area per holding in ‘all size classes’ had thus decreased in general in
2015-16 as compared to 2010-11.
• The small and marginal holdings (below 2.00 ha.) constituted 86.08 percent in 2015-16
against 85.01 percent in 2010-11 and had 46.94 percent of operated area in the current Census
as against the corresponding figure of 44.58 percent in 2010-11 in the country.

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 • The semi-medium and medium operational holdings (2.00 ha. – 9.99 ha.) were 13.35 percent
with operated area of 44.00 percent.
• The corresponding figures for 2010-11census were 14.29 percent and 44.82 percent.
• The large holdings (10.00 ha. & above) were only 0.57 percent of total number of holdings in
2015-16 with a share of 9.06 percent in the operated area as against 0.70 percent and 10.59
percent in 2010-11 respectively.

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Land Utilization:

The total operated area under different types of land use during various Agriculture Census years
may be seen in Table below:

Inference:

• The total operated area has been decreasing gradually after 1990-91 to 2005-06 because of
diversion of land for urbanization, industrialization, or transfer of land to meet the increasing
requirement for non-agricultural uses, like, housing projects, infrastructure development etc.
• However, there is a marginal increase in the operated area from 158.32 million ha. excluding
Jharkhand (based on T-1 data) in 2005-06 to 159.59 million ha. in 2010- 11 showing an
increase of 0.80%.
• The operated area has primarily increased in 2010-11 because of the State of Jharkhand
participated for the first time in Agriculture Census operation in 2010-11 after the State came
into being in the year 2000.
• Further, it is observed that the percentage of net area sown over last two census periods
(2010-11 and 2015-16) has rallied around 89.0 percent of the operated area.
• The net cultivated area increased from 89.5 percent during 1970-71 to 96.2 percent during
2015-16, whereas uncultivated area declined from 10.5 percent to 3.8 during the same period.

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Irrigation:

• The net area sown for holdings of Scheduled castes was 12.17 million hectares in 2015-16
whereas the gross cropped area stood at 16.57 million hectares indicating a cropping intensity

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 of 1.36. The percentage of net irrigated area to net sown area in 2015-16 was 48.7 while the
irrigation intensity was 1.338. In a total of 16.57 million hectares of gross cropped area
belonging to holdings of Scheduled Castes in 2015-16, the proportions of different
groups/subgroups of crops constituted as cereals (57.64 percent), pulses (12.19 percent),
sugar crops (1.88 percent), oilseeds (13.1 percent), fibres (5.41 percent) and fodder (4.25
percent).
• Thus, among non-food crops, oilseeds were the dominant crop (13.1 percent) followed by
fibres (5.41 percent) etc.
• For holdings of Scheduled Tribes, it may be observed that against net sown area of 14.82
million hectares in 2015-16, gross cropped area was 18.10 million hectares, indicating a
cropping intensity of 1.222 and irrigation intensity at 1.148.
• The distribution of gross cropped area of 18.10 million hectares among different
groups/subgroups of crops in 2015-16 found as cereals (63.65 percent), pulses (9.7 percent),
spices & condiments (2.08 percent), vegetables (2.63 percent), fruits (1.60 percent), oilseeds
(12.0 percent), fibres (5.18 percent) and fodder crops (1.24 percent).
• Among the non-food crops, therefore, oilseeds were the most dominant crop having a share
of 12.0 percent followed by fibres (5.2 percent) etc

Land use data:

❖ The proportion of net cultivated area to total operated area in case of holdings of Scheduled
Castes had increased from 96.7 percent during 2010-11 to 97.3 percent during 2015-16.
❖ In other words, the proportion of uncultivated area reduced from 3.3 percent in 2010- 11 to
2.7 percent in 2015.16.
❖ The net cultivated area for holdings of Scheduled Tribes, as a percentage of total operated
area increased from 90.6 percent during 2010-11 to 92.6 percent during 2015-16.
❖ The uncultivated land, thus, formed 7.4 percent of the total operated area during Agriculture
Census 2015-16 which was lower than that of 9.4 percent of 2010-11.

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 5. State-wise Agriculture Census results – All Social Groups
❖ Out of a total of 146.45 million holdings in the country during 2015-16, Uttar Pradesh
accounted for largest number of holdings, 23.82 million (16.3 percent), followed by Bihar
16.41 million (11.2 percent), Maharashtra 15.29 million (10.4 percent), Madhya Pradesh 10.0
million (6.8 percent), Karnataka 8.68 million (5.9 percent), Andhra Pradesh 8.52 million (5.8
percent), Tamil Nadu 7.94 million (5.4 percent), Rajasthan 7.66 million (5.2 percent), Kerala
7.58 million (5.2 percent),West Bengal 7.24 million (5.0 percent), Telangana 5.95 million (4.1
percent), Gujarat 5.32 million (3.6 percent) and Odisha 4.87 million (3.3 percent).
❖ Uttar Pradesh was the highest during Agriculture Census 2010-11(16.9 percent) also. These
thirteen States, thus, constituted over 88.0 percent of the total number of holdings in the
country during 2015-16.
❖ In a total of 20.44 million female operational holdings, Andhra Pradesh accounted for the
highest proportion of 12.6 percent followed by Maharashtra (11.6 percent), Bihar (11.2
percent), Uttar Pradesh (8.9 percent), Karnataka and Kerala (8.5 percent each), Tamil Nadu
(7.6 percent), Telangana (6.7 percent), Madhya Pradesh (5.8 percent), Gujarat (4.3 percent),
Rajasthan (3.8 percent) and Chhattisgarh (2.7 percent), thus, these 12 States together (1/3rd
of total number of States) constituted over 92.0 percent of total number of operational
holdings belonging to females in the country in 2015-16.
❖ Similarly, out of a total of 125.75 million male operational holdings, Uttar Pradesh constituted
17.5 percent followed by Bihar (11.2 percent), Maharashtra (10.3 percent), Madhya Pradesh
(7.0 percent), West Bengal (5.6 percent), Tamil Nadu (5.1 percent), Karnataka and Rajasthan
(5.5 percent each), Andhra Pradesh (4.7 percent), and Kerala (4.6 percent). The variations in
2015-16 over 2010-11 relating to male and female operational holdings at all India level were
4.4 percent and 15.6 percent, respectively.
❖ A comparison of number of operational holdings in 2015-16 over 2010-11 within a State
indicated mixed trend. In all the States except ten States of Goa, Jammu & Kashmir, Manipur,
Mizoram, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Daman & Diu and Lakshadweep, there
was an increase in number of holdings between these two Census periods.
❖ The number of operational holdings had increased from 138.35 million in 2010-11 to 146.45
million in 2015-16 showing an increase of 5.9 percent at all India level.
❖ In terms of operated area, Rajasthan had the highest proportion of 13.2 percent in the
country (though it stood 8thamong States/UTs in-terms of number of operational holdings in
2015-16) followed by Maharashtra (13.0 percent), Uttar Pradesh (11.1 percent), Madhya
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 Pradesh (9.9 percent), Karnataka (7.5 percent), Gujarat (6.3 percent), Andhra Pradesh (5.1
percent), Bihar (4.1 percent), Tamil Nadu (3.8 percent) and West Bengal (3.5 percent). Out of
a total of 18.49 million ha. area operated by female holders in the country, the State of
Maharashtra had the highest proportion of 15.6 percent followed by Andhra Pradesh (11.8
percent), Karnataka (11.4 percent), Rajasthan (9.0 percent), Gujarat (8.6 percent), Madhya
Pradesh (8.2 percent), Tamil Nadu (5.6 percent), Uttar Pradesh (5.5 percent) and Bihar (4.8
percent).
❖ As far as operated area belonging to male operational holders, Rajasthan had the highest
proportion of 13.9 percent followed by Maharashtra (12.7 percent), Uttar Pradesh (11.9
percent), Madhya Pradesh (10.3 percent), Karnataka (7.0 percent), Gujarat (6.0 percent),
Andhra Pradesh (4.2 percent), Bihar (4.0 percent), West Bengal (3.7 percent), Tamil Nadu (3.5
percent), Telangana (3.4 percent), Chhattisgarh and Odisha (3.2 percent each).
❖ There was a declining trend of operated area in 2015-16 over 2010-11 at all India level as well
as in every State except few, like, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram,
and Dadra & Nagar Haveli.

Tenancy:

❖ In a total of 146.45 million estimated operational holdings during Agriculture Census 2015-
16, wholly owned and self-operated holdings had the highest share of 97.7 percent at all India
level.
❖ In Arunachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Mizoram, Chandigarh, Daman & Diu, Delhi,
and Lakshadweep all the holdings were owned and self-operated.
❖ In other States, where almost all the holdings (above 99.0 percent) belonged to owned and
self-operated category were Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh,
Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telangana,
Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Dadra & Nagar Haveli.
❖ The proportion of wholly leased-in holdings with respect to total number of operational
holdings in some of the non-land record States like, Goa, Manipur, Odisha, Sikkim, and West
Bengal was quite higher than other States including land record States and all India average of
0.36 percent.
❖ The wholly otherwise operated holdings which include encroachment, land forcibly occupied,
unauthorized land or disputed land, etc., accounted for only 0.13 percent of the total number
of operational holdings in the country.

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 ❖ Among States, Goa had the highest proportion of such holdings being at 5.21percent followed
by Jammu & Kashmir (1.63 percent), Odisha (1.10 percent), Meghalaya (0.79 percent), West
Bengal (0.57 percent) and Rajasthan (0.22 percent).
❖ As regards ‘Others’ States, like Assam (3.93 percent), Goa (1.9 percent), Manipur (4.12
percent), Meghalaya (4.87 percent), Odisha (12.79 percent), Punjab (5.9 percent), West Bengal
(21.9 percent) and Puducherry (2.36 percent) were having higher representation than all India
average of 1.77 percent.
❖ In States like, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar
Pradesh, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Dadra & Nagar Haveli almost entire operated area
(99.0 percent and above) was reported under owned and self-operated category.
❖ The proportion of wholly leased-in area in relation to total operated area was higher in the
States of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Kerala, Manipur, Odisha, Punjab, Sikkim, West Bengal, and
Puducherry than all India average of 0.25 percent.
❖ The proportion of wholly otherwise operated area was the highest in Goa (5.32 percent)
followed by Jammu & Kashmir (2.02 percent), Odisha (0.79 percent) and West Bengal (0.39
percent) which were also above the national average of 0.1 percent.
❖ The proportion of operated area under ‘Others’ category was the highest in West Bengal (21.1
percent) followed by Odisha (15.7 percent), Puducherry (12.4 percent), Punjab (9.3 percent),
Goa (5.8 percent), Assam (5.4 percent), Manipur (5.2 percent), Meghalaya (5.0 percent), Kerala
(3.9 percent) and Jammu & Kashmir (3.2 percent).

LAND UTILIZATION:

❖ The percentage of net cultivated area to total operated area in 2015-16 in the States of
Andhra Pradesh (97.0 percent), Assam (97.0 percent), Chhattisgarh (96.6 percent), Goa (99.4
percent), Gujarat (99.97 percent), Haryana (99.9 percent), Karnataka (98.9 percent), Madhya
Pradesh (97.8 percent), Manipur (99.98 percent), Mizoram (100.0 percent), Odisha 99.5
percent), Punjab (100.0 percent), Tamil Nadu (97.1 percent), Uttar Pradesh (99.4 percent),
West Bengal (97.3 percent), Chandigarh (96.9 percent), Dadra & Nagar Haveli (99.0 percent),
Delhi (98.4 percent) and Puducherry (96.8 percent) was higher than the national average of
96.2 percent while Nagaland had its lowest proportion (57.7 percent) among all the States.
❖ Land Unutilized stood at 3.8 percent of the total operated area at national level in 2015-16. In
the States of Arunachal Pradesh (29.7 percent), Himachal Pradesh (35.5 percent), Kerala (15.7

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 percent), Nagaland (42.3 percent), Sikkim (16.6 percent), Andaman & Nicobar Islands (23.7
percent) and Lakshadweep (17.2 percent), the proportion of unutilized land varied as much as
between 15.7 percent in Kerala to 42.3 percent in Nagaland. The States, like, Bihar, Jammu &
Kashmir, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand,
and Daman & Diu had also proportion of uncultivated area higher than the national average
of 3.8 percent but below 9.0 percent at the maximum.

IRRIGATION:

❖ The net irrigated area as proportion of net sown area was 48.7 percent in the country in
2015-16 as compared to 45.7 percent in 2010-11.
❖ Chandigarh U.T. had the highest proportion of net irrigated area to net sown area (100.0
percent) in 2015-16 followed by Punjab (99.6 percent), Haryana (96.9 percent), Delhi (91.8
percent), Uttar Pradesh (83.2 percent), Puducherry (80.8 percent), West Bengal (68.2 percent),
Tamil Nadu (62.2 percent), Bihar (61.4 percent), Madhya Pradesh (56.3 percent), Gujarat (54.2
percent), Jammu & Kashmir (50.1 percent), Uttarakhand (49.9 percent) and Andhra Pradesh
(48.9 percent) and having their proportions above national level of 48.7 percent.
❖ This proportion for Rajasthan stood at 43.4 percent.

CROPPING PATTERN:

Gross Cropped Area:

❖ Uttar Pradesh had the highest gross cropped area among all States/UTs in 2015-16
accounting for 26.9 million ha. (14.0 percent), followed by Rajasthan having 24.4 million ha.
(12.8 percent), Madhya Pradesh 23.1 million ha. (12.1 percent), Maharashtra with 22.8 million
ha. (11.9 percent), Karnataka 12.1 million ha. (6.3 percent), Gujarat 10.5 million ha. (5.5
percent) and West Bengal 9.2 million ha. (4.8 percent).
❖ These seven States together accounted for over 67.0 percent of total gross cropped area in
the country.
❖ Also, Uttar Pradesh had the highest gross irrigated area (22.4 percent) of total gross irrigated
area in the country in 2015-16 followed by Madhya Pradesh (11.2 percent), Rajasthan (10.6
percent), Punjab (8.1 percent), Haryana (6.8 percent) and West Bengal, Gujarat, and Bihar
(over 5.5 percent each).
❖ The State of Maharashtra, had a 4.7% of gross irrigated area in the country during 2015-16.

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 ❖ The percentage of gross irrigated area to gross cropped area was the highest in U.T. of
Chandigarh (100.0 percent) in 2015-16 followed by Punjab (99.6 percent), Haryana (95.3
percent), Delhi (88.7 percent), Puducherry (79.7 percent), Uttar Pradesh (79.5 percent), Bihar
(68.2 percent), Tamil Nadu (62.3 percent), West Bengal (59.4 percent), Gujarat (51.9 percent)
and Uttarakhand (50.4 percent) having values more than the national average of 49.8 percent.

CROPPING INTENSITY:

❖ The cropping intensity which is the ratio of gross cropped area to net sown area at All India
level in 2015-16 was estimated at 1.3693, slightly lower than 1.3715 of 2010-11.
❖ Among States/UTs, Punjab recorded the highest intensity of cropping of 1.9724 followed by
Chandigarh (1.9656), Haryana (1.8942), Tripura (1.8140), West Bengal (1.7858), Puducherry
(1.7239), Delhi (1.7221), Himachal Pradesh (1.6701), Uttarakhand (1.6569), Uttar Pradesh,
(1.6310), Madhya Pradesh (1.5433) and Bihar (1.4254) having values above than the national
average of 1.3693.

State-wise Area under Principal Crops:

❖ Considering ‘all crops’ together, among States, Uttar Pradesh had the highest share of 14.0
percent of cropped area in the country, followed by Rajasthan (12.8 percent), Madhya Pradesh
(12.1 percent), Maharashtra (11.9 percent), Karnataka (6.3 percent), Gujarat (5.5 percent),
West Bengal (4.8 percent), Punjab (4.1 percent), Bihar (4.0 percent), Andhra Pradesh (3.9
percent), Haryana (3.6 percent), Tamil Nadu (3.1 percent) and Chhattisgarh (3.0 percent).
❖ These thirteen States together accounted for about 90.0 percent of the total cropped area
in the country.
❖ In the category of food crops, Uttar Pradesh topped the list with 17.7 percent of the total area
under food crops in the country followed by Madhya Pradesh (10.5 percent), Rajasthan (10.1
percent) and Maharashtra (9.7 percent). The other important States were Karnataka (6.5
percent), West Bengal (5.5 percent), Bihar (5.3 percent), Punjab (4.9 percent), Haryana (4.0
percent), Chhattisgarh (3.8 percent), Andhra Pradesh (3.7 percent), Odisha (3.5 percent), Tamil
Nadu (3.2 percent) and Gujarat (3.0 percent).
❖ Here the above mentioned fourteen States accounted for above 91.0 percent of the total area
under food crops in the country.
❖ Regarding area under oilseeds, Madhya Pradesh had the largest share of 28.9 percent of area
under oilseeds in the country followed by Rajasthan (18.4 percent), Maharashtra (16.7

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 percent), Gujarat (10.5 percent), Karnataka (5.9 percent), Andhra Pradesh (4.0 percent), Uttar
Pradesh (3.8 percent), Tamil Nadu (3.3 percent) and West Bengal (2.3 percent). These nine
States, thus, covered nearly 94.0 percent of the total area under Oilseeds in the country.
❖ Maharashtra had the highest proportion of 32.6 percent of the total area under fibre in the
country followed by Gujarat (22.6 percent), Telangana (13.3 percent), Karnataka (6.0 percent),
Andhra Pradesh (5.5 percent), West Bengal (5.0 percent), Haryana (3.8 percent), Rajasthan
(3.7percent) and Madhya Pradesh (3.4 percent) forming together about 96.0 percent of fibre
area in the country.
❖ As regards fodder crops, Rajasthan had 63.2 percent of the total area under fodder crops in
the country followed by Gujarat (8.6 percent), Maharashtra (7.9 percent), Punjab (6.0
percent), Uttar Pradesh (5.1 percent) and Haryana (4.1 percent). The plantation crops
comprising of tea, coffee, rubber etc. were reported, in terms of area, from Kerala (32.2
percent), Assam (21.8 percent), Karnataka (20.6 percent), Tamil Nadu (9.2 percent), West
Bengal (7.6 percent) and Tripura (5.7 percent), covering 97.0 percent of total area under this
category in the country.
❖ In the case of floriculture, Tamil Nadu had the highest share of 27.1 percent of area under the
crop in the country followed by Karnataka (24.2 percent), Maharashtra (11.5 percent), Andhra
Pradesh (10.5 percent), West Bengal (9.2 percent) and Telangana (4.0 percent). In the category
of medicinal plants, Maharashtra had about 1/3rd (32.6 percent) of area in the country
followed by Gujarat (22.6 percent), Telangana (13.3 percent), Karnataka (6.0 percent), Andhra
Pradesh (5.5 percent), West Bengal (5.0 percent) and in the range of 3.0 to 4.0 percent in
States, like, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Haryana.

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 6. State-wise Agriculture Census results – Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes
❖ The number of operational holdings of Scheduled Castes in the country was 17.34 million
during 2015-16 as against 17.10 million in 2010-11, showing an increase of 1.4 percent.
❖ The largest share of holdings of Scheduled Castes was in Uttar Pradesh (23.3 percent)
followed by Bihar (11.1 percent), West Bengal (10.4 percent), Madhya Pradesh (6.8 percent),
Rajasthan (6.0 percent), Maharashtra (5.9 percent), Karnataka (5.6 percent), Tamil Nadu (4.6
percent), Odisha (4.3 percent), Andhra Pradesh (4.2 percent), Telangana (4.0 percent) and
Kerala (3.3 percent).
❖ Out of a total of 15.01 million male operational holdings belonging to Scheduled Castes, Uttar
Pradesh accounted for about 24.8 percent followed by West Bengal (11.5 percent), Bihar (10.5
percent), Madhya Pradesh (6.9 percent), Rajasthan (6.3 percent), Maharashtra (5.7 percent),
Karnataka (5.1 percent), Odisha (4.8 percent), Tamil Nadu (4.2 percent), Telangana (3.6
percent) and Andhra Pradesh (3.2 percent).
❖ These eleven States together constituted about 87.0 percent of the total male operational
holdings belonging to Scheduled Castes in the country.
❖ Similarly, Bihar had highest proportion of female operational holdings (14.3 percent) in the
country followed by Uttar Pradesh (13.6 percent), Andhra Pradesh (10.6 percent), Karnataka
(8.8 percent), Maharashtra (7.5 percent), Tamil Nadu (7.2percent), Kerala (7.1 percent),
Telangana (6.8 percent), Madhya Pradesh (6.2 percent), Rajasthan (4.7 percent) and
Chhattisgarh & West Bengal about 3.2 percent each.
❖ These twelve States together constituted above 93.0 percent of total female operational
holdings belonging to Scheduled Castes in 2015-16 in the country.
❖ Rajasthan accounted for 18.0 percent of total operated area of Scheduled Castes holdings in
2015-16 in the country followed by Uttar Pradesh (14.3 percent), Madhya Pradesh (9.8
percent), Maharashtra (9.5 percent), West Bengal (8.3 percent) and Karnataka (7.8 percent).
❖ The States, like, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana had
their proportions between 3.0 to 4.0 percent.
❖ In a total of 1.58 million hectares of operated area of female Scheduled Castes operational
holdings in 2015-16 in the country, Karnataka had the highest share of 13.8 percent followed
by Rajasthan (13.1 percent), Maharashtra (12.6 percent), Andhra Pradesh (10.2 percent),
Madhya Pradesh (8.6 percent), Uttar Pradesh (8.4 percent), Telangana (7.6 percent), Bihar (6.4

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 percent), Tamil Nadu (6.1 percent) and Gujarat (3.3 percent). Thus, these ten States together
accounted for about 90.0 percent of operated area of female holdings in the country.
❖ However, Rajasthan had the maximum share of area operated by males (18.7 percent)
followed by Uttar Pradesh (15.1 percent), Madhya Pradesh (9.9 percent), West Bengal (9.2
percent), Maharashtra (9.1 percent), Karnataka (7.5 percent), Odisha (4.5 percent) and Bihar
(4.0 percent).
❖ These eight States taken together accounted for 78.0 percent of the area operated by males
belonging to Scheduled Castes in the country in 2015-16.
❖ The total operated area held by Scheduled Castes decreased by 1.8 percent in 2015-16 over
2010-11 at all India level whereas there was an increase of 10.7 percent for females while a
decline of 3.2 percent in case of male operational holders for the same period.
❖ The total number of holdings of Scheduled Tribes in the country in 2015-16 was 12.67 million
as against 12.00 million in 2010-11, indicating an increase of 5.5 percent.
❖ The Scheduled Tribes holdings were largely concentrated in States of Madhya Pradesh (15.8
percent) and Odisha (11.5 percent) accounting for more than one-fourth of total number of
Scheduled Tribes holdings (27.3 percent) in the country.
❖ The other States having sizeable proportion of Scheduled Tribes holdings were Chhattisgarh
(9.9 percent), Rajasthan (9.7 percent), Jharkhand (7.7 percent), Maharashtra (6.8 percent),
Telangana (5.6 percent), West Bengal (4.7 percent) and Karnataka (4.1 percent).
❖ These nine States together accounted for about 76.0 percent of total Scheduled Tribes
holdings in the country in 2015-16.
❖ Out of a total of 1.6 million female operational holdings belonging to Scheduled Tribes,
Madhya Pradesh had the highest proportion of 14.3 percent followed by Chhattisgarh (10.7
percent), Telangana (10.1 percent), Maharashtra (9.3 percent), Andhra Pradesh (7.8 percent),
Karnataka (6.7 percent), Rajasthan (6.4 percent), Gujarat (5.7 percent), Odisha (5.2 percent),
Meghalaya and Jharkhand (4.9 percent each), thus, accounting for 86.0 percent of female
Scheduled Tribes operational holdings in the country.
❖ The male operational holdings in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh taken together
accounted for above one-fourth of the total male operational holdings (25.8 percent) in the
country. The other States, having substantial proportions of holdings, were Odisha (12.4
percent), Rajasthan (10.2 percent), Jharkhand (8.2 percent), Maharashtra (6.4 percent), West
Bengal (5.1 percent) and Telangana (5.0 percent).

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 ❖ These eight States, thus, accounted for 73.0 percent of total male operational holdings of
Scheduled Tribes in the country in 2015-16.
❖ While male holdings increased by 3.9 percent, female holdings rose by 18.6 percent
resulting-in an overall increase of 5.5 percent in Scheduled Tribes holdings in 2015-16 over
2010-11 in the country.
❖ In terms of area operated, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh taken together accounted for
about 30.0 percent of total area operated by Scheduled Tribes in the country in 2015-16. The
other States in descending order were Rajasthan (9.9 percent), Odisha (8.7percent),
Maharashtra (8.5 percent), Jharkhand (7.8 percent), Gujarat & Nagaland (5.4 percent each)
and Telangana & Karnataka (4.1 percent each). The above mentioned ten States, thus,
comprised of above 83.0 percent of total area operated by Scheduled Tribes in the country.
❖ Further, out of 15.8 million hectares of operated area of male operational holders, Madhya
Pradesh and Chhattisgarh had together about 30.0 percent of operated area followed by
Rajasthan (10.4 percent), Odisha (9.2 percent), Jharkhand (8.3 percent), Maharashtra (8.0
percent), Nagaland (5.7percent) and Gujarat (5.0 percent). The substantial part of area
operated by male Scheduled Tribes, i.e. 76.0 percent, concentrated only in these eight States.
❖ The area operated by Scheduled Tribes females in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
constituted together 29.3 percent of operated area belonging to this category of holdings in
the country.
❖ The other dominating States were Maharashtra (12.5 percent), Gujarat (8.9 percent),
Telangana (8.5 percent), Karnataka (7.1 percent), Andhra Pradesh (5.8 percent), Rajasthan (5.4
percent), Meghalaya (4.2 percent) and Odisha (4.0 percent). The above mentioned ten States,
thus, taken together accounted for about 86.0 percent of operated area of female operational
holdings belonging to Scheduled Tribes in the country in 2015-16.
❖ The area operated by females and males of Scheduled Tribes increased by 8.6 percent and
decreased by 3.6 percent respectively with an overall decrease of 2.4 percent in 2015-16 as
compared to the previous Agriculture Census 2010-11 at all India level.

TENANCY:

❖ Among Scheduled Caste holdings, wholly-owned and self-operated holdings constituted 95.2
percent in terms of number and 95.3 percent in respect of operated area at all India level.
❖ In Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, and Delhi, all
the holdings were wholly-owned and self-operated. In the States of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,

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 Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil
Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand almost all holdings (above 99.0
percent) were recorded under wholly-owned and self-operated category about both number
and area of operational holdings except for Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu wherein respective
percentages of area operated under this category were 97.7 and 98.5.
❖ The wholly leased-in holdings were only 1.1 percent accounting for 0.9 percent of operated
area at all India level.
❖ The States which had proportions of wholly leased-in holdings in terms of number and area of
operational holdings above the all-India average of (1.1, 0.9) percent were Goa (6.0, 6.8)
percent, Kerala (2.0, 1.4) percent, Manipur (4.1, 1.3) percent, Odisha (15.2, 13.1) percent,
Punjab (3.7, 2.9) percent, Sikkim (2.2, 1.2) percent and West Bengal (3.0, 2.6) percent. The
proportion of number of wholly otherwise operated holdings was higher than the national
average of 0.15 percent in the States of Goa (4.5 percent), Jammu & Kashmir (4.2 percent),
Kerala (0.3 percent), Odisha (1.1 percent), Tamil Nadu (0.17 percent) and West Bengal (0.3
percent).
❖ In these States except Kerala, the corresponding proportion of ‘wholly otherwise’ operated
area was also higher than the all-India average of 0.11 percent.

SCHEDULED TRIBES:

❖ Among Scheduled Tribes, wholly-owned and self-operated holdings constituted 95.6 percent
in number and 96.8 percent in term of area at all India level.
❖ In States of Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Mizoram, Tamil Nadu, Daman & Diu
and Lakshadweep, all Scheduled Tribes holdings were wholly-owned and self-operated
whereas in States like Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland, Rajasthan, Telangana, Tripura, Uttarakhand, and Uttar
Pradesh, over 99.0 percent of the holdings fell under this category.
❖ In States like Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Nagaland,
Sikkim, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Dadra & Nagar Haveli, over 99.0
percent of area of operational holdings also belonged to the category of owned & self-
operated.
❖ The wholly leased-in holdings accounted for 0.53 percent of total number of holdings and 0.26
percent of operated area at all-India level. The States which had higher proportion of leased-
in number of holdings than all India average of 0.53 percent were Goa (5.9 percent), Odisha

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 (3.4 percent), Sikkim (1.2 percent) and West Bengal (1.8 percent). In terms of area under
leased in holdings, the States having higher proportion than national average of 0.26 percent
were Goa (3.1 percent), Kerala (0.27percent), Odisha (2.2 percent), Sikkim (0.6 percent) and
West Bengal (1.5 percent).
❖ The States of Goa, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Meghalaya, Odisha, and West Bengal, had
higher proportions of number of holdings than national average of 0.47 percent under ‘wholly
otherwise operated’ category. Under ‘others’, States, like, Assam, Goa, Meghalaya, Odisha and
West Bengal had represented higher proportions in number of holdings than national average
of 3.39 percent.
❖ As regards ‘wholly otherwise operated’ area, States of Goa (8.8 percent), Jammu & Kashmir
(4.8 percent), Kerala (0.42 percent), Odisha (1.6 percent) and West Bengal (0.38 percent) had
higher percentage than all India average of 0.25. Similarly, against national average of 2.73
percent area under ‘others’, States, viz., Assam (6.5 percent), Goa (13.8 percent), Jammu &
Kashmir (2.9 percent), Kerala (6.0 percent), Meghalaya (5.1 percent), Odisha (17.9 percent)
and West Bengal (23.6 percent) had represented higher percentage in 2015-16.

LAND USE:

❖ The net cultivated area formed 97.3 percent of total operated area of Scheduled Castes and
92.6 percent of Scheduled Tribes at all-India level in 2015-16.
❖ Similarly, area of land uncultivated constituted 2.7 percent and 7.4 percent of operated area
for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes respectively.
❖ For Scheduled Castes holdings, Goa, Haryana, Meghalaya, Punjab, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, and
Delhi were the only States where the entire operated area was under cultivation during 2015-
16.
❖ The percentage of net cultivated area to the total operated area was also higher than the
national average of 97.3 in the States of Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, and Daman & Diu, while Kerala
had the lowest proportion of 75.4percent under cultivation among all the States/UTs. Kerala
had also the highest figure of 24.6 percent of operated area under land unutilized followed by
Sikkim (23.2 percent), Himachal Pradesh (22.5 percent) and Tripura (13.7 percent).
❖ In case of Scheduled Tribes, entire operated area was under cultivation in Manipur and
Mizoram during 2015-16, while in Nagaland, it was at the lowest (57.6 percent).

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 ❖ Proportion of land unutilized was at the highest in Nagaland (42.4 percent) followed by
Arunachal Pradesh (29.9 percent), Himachal Pradesh (18.4 percent), Jammu & Kashmir (14.1
percent), Maharashtra (13.8 percent), Kerala (13.7 percent), Sikkim (12.1 percent) and
Lakshadweep (12.0 percent) which are mostly hilly States.

IRRIGATION:

❖ The proportion of net irrigated area to net area sown including wholly/partly irrigated
holdings, of Scheduled Castes holdings in the country was 48.67 percent in 2015-16 against
45.35 percent in 2010-11.
❖ The percentage of net irrigated area to net sown area in 2015-16 was higher than that of the
all-India average of 48.67 percent in States of Andhra Pradesh (50.4 percent), Bihar (64.0
percent), Haryana (100.0 percent), Jammu & Kashmir (49.3 percent), Madhya Pradesh (56.8
percent), Punjab (99.0 percent), Tamil Nadu (65.5 percent), Uttar Pradesh (83.4 percent), West
Bengal (61.8 percent), Delhi (93.9 percent) and Puducherry (88.1 percent) and, thus, in the
remaining States, it was below the national average of 48.67 percent.
❖ The Scheduled Tribes holdings had much lower proportion of net area irrigated to net sown
area (28.85 percent) as compared to respective percentages of Scheduled Castes (48.67
percent) and All Social Groups (48.73 percent) in 2015-16.
❖ The percentage of net irrigated area to net sown area was above the all India average of
28.85percent in the States of Andhra Pradesh (38.0 percent), Bihar (56.1 percent), Gujarat
(38.0 percent), Jammu & Kashmir (45.0 percent), Karnataka (32.7 percent), Madhya Pradesh
(37.7 percent), Rajasthan (59.9 percent), Tamil Nadu (47.1 percent), Telangana (33.3 percent),
Uttarakhand (74.8 percent), Uttar Pradesh (38.7 percent) and West Bengal (52.4 percent) and,
thus, it was below in the remaining States as compared to national average of 28.9 percent.

CROPPING PATTERN

Gross Cropped Area

SCHEDULED CASTES:

❖ The largest share of 17.7 percent in gross cropped area of 16.6 million hectares in 2015-16
was held by Uttar Pradesh followed by Rajasthan (17.0 percent), Madhya Pradesh (11.6
percent), West Bengal (10.6 percent), Maharashtra (8.7 percent), Karnataka (6.7 percent),
Odisha and Bihar (4.0 percent each), Chhattisgarh (2.8 percent), Andhra Pradesh (2.7 percent),

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 Tamil Nadu and Telangana (2.6 percent each). In respect of gross irrigated area, here also Uttar
Pradesh accounted for the highest proportion of 29.8 percent followed by Rajasthan (14.6
percent), West Bengal (11.9 percent), Madhya Pradesh (10.3 percent), Bihar (5.5 percent),
Karnataka (3.6 percent), Punjab and Tamil Nadu (3.4 percent each).

SCHEDULED TRIBES:

❖ In gross cropped area of 18.1 million hectares, Madhya Pradesh alone contributed 21.2
percent followed by Rajasthan (12.6 percent), Chhattisgarh (12.2 percent), Odisha (8.9
percent), Maharashtra (8.3 percent), Gujarat (5.2 percent), Jharkhand (4.6 percent), Karnataka
(4.0 percent), Telangana (3.6 percent) and Nagaland (3.0 percent).
❖ These ten States together accounted for about 84.0 percent of total gross cropped area of
Scheduled Tribe holdings in the country.
❖ In case of irrigated area also, Madhya Pradesh had the highest proportion of 27.8 percent of
total irrigated area followed by Rajasthan (19.9 percent), Gujarat (7.3 percent), Karnataka (4.9
percent), West Bengal (4.9 percent), Chhattisgarh (4.8 percent), Telangana (4.8 percent),
Odisha (4.4 percent), and Maharashtra (3.5 percent).

CROPPING INTENSITY:

SCHEDULED CASTE:

❖ The cropping intensity of holdings of Schedule Castes during 2015-16 at All India level was
1.36 percent against 1.40 for 2010-11 which showed a decline of 2.8 percent.
❖ Among States, Punjab recorded highest intensity of 1.9372 in 2015-16 followed by Delhi (1.77),
West Bengal (1.67), Haryana (1.63), Puducherry, Uttar Pradesh, and Jammu & Kashmir (1.60
each), Uttarakhand (1.57), Madhya Pradesh (1.52), Sikkim (1.50), Himachal Pradesh (1.49) and
Meghalaya (1.41) which were above the national average of 1.36.

State-wise Area under Principal Crops:

SCHEDULED CASTE:

❖ In case of Scheduled Castes holdings, for all crops taken together, among all the States, Uttar
Pradesh had the highest proportion of 17.7 percent of total gross cropped area in the country
followed by Rajasthan (17.0 percent), Madhya Pradesh (11.6 percent), West Bengal (10.6

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 percent), Maharashtra (8.7 percent), Karnataka (6.7 percent), Odisha and Bihar (4.0 percent
each).
❖ These eight States together accounted for over 80.0 percent of total cropped area in the
country.
❖ Under food crops category, Uttar Pradesh had highest proportion of 22.1 percent of total area
under food crops in the country followed by Rajasthan (12.7 percent), West Bengal (11.5
percent), Madhya Pradesh (10.0 percent), Karnataka (6.9 percent), Maharashtra (6.1 percent),
Bihar (5.2 percent), Odisha (5.1 percent), Chhattisgarh (3.6 percent) and Tamil Nadu (3.0
percent).
❖ These ten States, thus, accounted for 86.0 percent of total area under food crops in the
country.
❖ The sequence of States observed in case of ‘cereals’ indicated that Uttar Pradesh accounted
for 24.5 percent followed by West Bengal (12.9 percent), Rajasthan (10.5 percent), Madhya
Pradesh (8.9 percent), Bihar (6.4 percent), Odisha (5.7percent), Karnataka (5.0 percent),
Maharashtra (4.9 percent) and Chhattisgarh (4.1 percent). In pulses, Rajasthan had the largest
proportion of area of 23.4 percent of total area under pulses in the country followed by
Madhya Pradesh (19.1 percent), Karnataka (14.2 percent), Uttar Pradesh (11.1 percent),
Maharashtra (10.1 percent), Odisha (4.5 percent), Andhra Pradesh (4.1 percent), Tamil Nadu
(4.0 percent) and Chhattisgarh (3.1 percent), thus, accounted for about 94.0 percent of total
area under pulses in the country.
❖ As regards area under oilseeds in the category of non-food crops, Madhya Pradesh had the
largest share of 29.3 percent of total area under the crop in the country followed by Rajasthan
(23.8 percent), Maharashtra (16.9 percent), Karnataka (6.2 percent), West Bengal (5.5
percent), Uttar Pradesh (5.4 percent), Gujarat (3.9percent) and Andhra Pradesh (3.3 percent)
forming together over 94.0 percent of total area under Oilseeds in the country.
❖ Under fiber crops, Maharashtra had little under 1/3rdof total area under this category in the
country (30.2 percent) followed by West Bengal (18.6 percent), Telangana (17.0 percent),
Gujarat (10.0percent), Karnataka (8.6 percent), Rajasthan (5.5 percent) and Andhra Pradesh
(4.8 percent), thus, constituted about 95.0 percent of total area under fiber in the country.
❖ In case of area under fodder crops, Rajasthan had covered more than 4/5th of total area
under this crop in the country (83.0 percent) followed by Uttar Pradesh & Maharashtra (4.0
percent each).

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 ❖ Further, West Bengal had the highest share of 31.4 percent of total area under floriculture
crops in the country followed by Tamil Nadu (19.8 percent), Karnataka (18.2 percent), Andhra
Pradesh (7.7 percent), Maharashtra (6.4 percent), Telangana (6.3 percent) and Rajasthan (3.3
percent). The plantation crops, viz., tea, coffee etc. were more prevalent in States, like,
Karnataka (24.8 percent), Tripura (22.6 percent), West Bengal (18.4 percent), Assam (15.8
percent), Kerala (12.3 percent), Tamil Nadu (3.9 percent) etc.
❖ The proportion of area under total non-food crops was the highest in Rajasthan (30.7
percent) followed by other States like Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (16.9 percent
each), West Bengal (7.9 percent), Karnataka (6.1 percent), Gujarat (5.0 percent), Telangana
(4.8 percent), Uttar Pradesh (3.8 percent) and Andhra Pradesh (3.4 percent).

Intensity of Cropping

SCHEDULED TRIBES:

❖ Against all India average of 1.2217 in 2015-16, Uttarakhand recorded the highest intensity of
cropping of 1.80 among all States/UTs followed by Bihar (1.60), Rajasthan (1.5041), Uttar
Pradesh (1.4955), West Bengal (1.3773), Nagaland (1.3459), Arunachal Pradesh (1.3411),
Madhya Pradesh (1.3155), Himachal Pradesh (1.2707), Maharashtra (1.2575), Kerala (1.2573),
Jharkhand (1.2566), Tripura (1.2482) and Manipur (1.2367) which were higher than the
national level of 1.2217.
❖ It also appears from the above statement that there was almost single cropping system
prevailed among holdings of Scheduled Tribes during 2015-16 in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Goa,
Gujarat, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Odisha, Telangana, Daman & Diu, and Lakshadweep.

State-wise Area under Principal Crops

SCHEDULED TRIBES:

❖ Considering all crops together, among all the States, Madhya Pradesh had the highest share,
accounting for 21.2 percent of total cropped area in the country followed by Rajasthan (12.6
percent), Chhattisgarh (12.2 percent), Odisha (8.9 percent), Maharashtra (8.3 percent),
Gujarat (5.2 percent), Jharkhand (4.6 percent), Karnataka (4.0 percent) and Telangana (3.6
percent), thus, accounted together for 80.0 percent of total cropped area in the country.
❖ Also, Madhya Pradesh had the maximum proportion of 19.3 percent of total area under food
crops in the country followed by Chhattisgarh (14.8 percent), Odisha (10.6 percent), Rajasthan

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 (10.5 percent), Maharashtra (6.7 percent), Jharkhand (5.6 percent), Gujarat (5.0 percent),
Nagaland & Karnataka (3.6 percent each), Assam (3.2 percent) and West Bengal (3.0 percent)
covering an area of 86.0 percent of total food crops in the country.
❖ The sequence of area under ‘cereal crops’ also showed that Madhya Pradesh had the highest
share of 19.4 percent followed by Chhattisgarh (16.0 percent), Odisha (12.0 percent),
Rajasthan (10.8 percent), Maharashtra (6.2 percent), Jharkhand (5.8 percent), Gujarat &
Nagaland (4.2 percent each), West Bengal (3.4 percent), Assam (3.3 percent) and Karnataka
(3.0 percent).
❖ Further, Madhya Pradesh had also the largest proportion of area, accounting for 30.0 percent
of total area under pulses followed by Chhattisgarh (15.2 percent), Rajasthan (11.8 percent),
Maharashtra (9.8 percent), Gujarat (8.1 percent), Odisha (6.6 percent), Karnataka (6.1 percent)
and Telangana (3.2 percent) forming together above 90.0 percent of total area under pulses
in the country.
❖ Regarding oilseeds, Madhya Pradesh had the largest proportion of 37.9 percent of total area
under the crop in the country followed by Rajasthan (29.6 percent), Maharashtra (9.9 percent),
Karnataka (5.8 percent) and Gujarat (3.2 percent).
❖ These five States together covered above 86.0 percent of total area under Oilseeds in the
country.
❖ Telangana had the highest proportion of 27.6 percent of total area under fibre in the country
followed by Maharashtra (25.8 percent), Madhya Pradesh (19.1 percent), Gujarat
(10.8percent) and Karnataka (7.1 percent).
❖ Rajasthan had the highest proportion of 37.3 percent of total area under fodder crops in the
country followed by Maharashtra (31.6 percent), Gujarat (18.1 percent) and Madhya Pradesh
(8.8 percent).
❖ In case of floriculture crops, Karnataka had the highest share of about 25.3 percent of total
area under the crop in the country followed by Tripura (19.2 percent), Nagaland (18.0 percent),
Tamil Nadu (12.4 percent), Telangana (7.0 percent) and Andhra Pradesh (3.6 percent).
❖ The high concentration of plantation crops was reported in the States of Tripura (40.6 percent)
followed by Kerala (15.4 percent), Assam (9.5 percent) etc. The proportion of area under total
non-food crops was at the maximum of 28.8 percent in Madhya Pradesh while Rajasthan was
at the next (21.4 percent) followed by Maharashtra (14.9 percent), Telangana (8.8 percent),
Gujarat (6.1 percent) and Karnataka (5.9 percent).

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Infographics:

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39 | P a g e W W W . E D U T A P . C O . I N QUERY? [email protected] /8146207241