Paper II

1. Agriculture
(Degree Standard)
Code: 491
Unit I: Importance of Agriculture (10 Questions)
Importance of Agriculture in Indian Economy and its sectoral relationship - Agricultural Development
through five year plans in India and Tamil Nadu - Growth pattern of crops in India and Tamil Nadu in terms
of area, production and productivity - Government Agricultural Policies – Agricultural development through
NITI AAYOG – import and export – role of NSC, FCI and PDS - Sustainable Developmental Goals.

Unit II: Fundamentals of Crop Production (20 Questions)

Factors of Production - Agricultural seasons of India and Tamil Nadu - Cropping patterns in India and Tamil
Nadu - package of practices of different crops – Agro-Climatic zones of India and Tamil Nadu and their
features - Weather and Climate - Weather forecasting – Remote sensing and GIS application - Climate
change and its impact – Minimal tillage practices – Stress mitigating technologies including
microorganisms – Nanoparticles and their applications – Natural farming and Bio-inoculants – Organic
certification and standards – Drone technology in Agriculture.

Unit III: Natural Resource Management (20 Questions)

Soil - Soil structure - Factors influencing soil structure - Physical and Chemical properties - Effect of nutrient
availability and plant growth – Soil health - Problem soils and their management - Soil survey - its objectives
and scope - Soil fertility and productivity – Soil testing – Chemistry of Macro and Micro Nutrient – Soil
health - Integrated Nutrient Management - Dry farming - Rainfed agriculture - Conservation of soil and
water - Watershed and waste land development. Land use pattern and planning - Size and distribution of
holdings - types and systems of farming - Water resources development and management - Command
area development - Ground water Development and Conjunctive use - Water use efficiency - Quality of
irrigation water - Its effect in soil and crops - Management of poor quality water for crop growth.

Unit IV: Crop Management & Allied Agricultural Activities (24 Questions)
Cropping systems and integrated farming - Recycling of agricultural waste - Organic manures, green
manures, bio fertilizers - Balanced usage - integrated nutrient management - Physiological disorders in
crop plants and their management - Plant growth regulators – Regulation of flowering – Classification of
stresses – Physiological adaptation of crop plants for abiotic stress - Irrigation management of different
crops, Mushroom cultivation, bee keeping, silkwork rearing etc., Energy in Agricultural production -
Sources - Solar, wind, animal, biomass and biogas - Mechanization in agriculture - Tractors & tillers -
Agricultural implements and Machineries and their usage - livestock and poultry rearing.

Unit V: Crop Improvement (26 Questions)

Principles of breeding - Breeding methods in self, cross and vegetatively propogated crops - Modern tools
in crop improvement – Heterosis breeding and Hybrid seed production technologies – Synthetic and
composites – Breeding for biotic, abiotic and quality traits. Latest varieties of major crops in Tamil Nadu –
Variety release procedures - Application of bio technology in Agriculture - Tissue culture & its significance
- Transgenic Plants - Marker assisted selection – Markers - mapping population - speed breeding - Plant
Genetic Resources: Collection conservation and exchange-Crop varietal protection-PPV& FR authority
and its role.

Unit VI: Seed Science and Technology (20 Questions)

Seeds - Importance of quality seeds in Agriculture – Nucleus, Breeder, foundation, certified and labelled
seeds – Characterisation of good quality seeds - Seed certification techniques and processing in Tamil
Nadu - Seed testing – Seed testing laboratories-ISTA standards for seed testing - seed village concept
Seed Act - Seed coating and priming technologies - Seed enhancement technologies – Varietal
deterioration of crops – causes and maintenance – Post harvest handling of seeds.

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Unit VII: Crop Protection Principles and Practices (24 Questions)
Importance of pest, disease, nematodes and weed management in agriculture – categories of pests,
diseases, nematodes and weeds - pest and disease surveillance and weather forecasting on pest and
disease incidence - Symptoms of damages, biology and control measures of pest, disease and nematodes
of major crops in Tamil Nadu - Integrated pest, disease and nematode management in crop production -
Pesticides and their use in IPM – mode of action - Pattern - plant protection equipments and their use -
Plant quarantine - Storage pests, disease and nematodes and their management - Importance of biological
control in pest, disease and nematode management - Weeds - Major weeds and their control – Pollinators
and their safety – Banned and Next generation agro-chemicals.

Unit VIII: Farm Business and Finance Management (20 Questions)

Farm business management - Principles of farm business management – Types and systems of farms-
Classical Production Functions - Cost concepts - Management of resources - Farm Planning and
budgeting - Investment analysis – Risk and uncertainties in Agriculture - Agricultural credit system in India
- Multi credit delivery system - Role of nationalized banks, NABARD and Regional Rural Banks - Lead
Bank Scheme - Service area approach - Scale of finance-Credit Worthiness-3Rs,5Cs and 7Ps of credit-
Crop Insurance - Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) - Agricultural Insurance Company.

Unit IX: Agricultural Marketing and Market Intelligence (20 Questions)

Marketing - Agricultural marketing - Market structure – Marketing Efficiency - Price Spread-Market
Integration-Market Risk-Speculation and hedging - Market Institutions- Warehouses and rural godowns -
Agmark-Cooperatives - Commodity Boards – Agri business management – Farmer Producer
Organisations and Agri-business incubation - Principles of Management-Entrepreneurship - Development
- Forms of Business organizations - Agricultural Price Policy - CACPMSP - FRP- Procurement Price-
Policies for agricultural development - Economic liberalization - WTO and its impact on agricultural export
- IPR – APEDA – International trading in agricultural commodities - Importance of Agriculture in Indian
economy - Land size and distribution of holdings and land use pattern in Tamil Nadu - Agriculture under
Five Year Plans (FYPs) - Food Security - Public Distribution Systems (PDS) - Buffer Stock.

Unit X: Agricultural Extension: Principles and Methods (16 Questions)

Extension methods for transfer of technology - AV aids-Communication models - Use of ICT in transfer of
technology-Diffusion and adoption- Pre and post independent rural development initiatives: key features,
strength and weakness of individual programmes - Programme planning and evaluation methods- Rural
sociology - key features of Indian rural system-value system-social change- rural migration. Role of women
in Agriculture – Social organisations and Non-Governmental organisations – Extensions / Agricultural
Developmental programs by ICAR / Government –e-Agriculture and Digital Tools.

2. Agricultural, Mechanical, Automobile and Civil Engineering

(Degree Standard)
Code: 562
Unit I: General Engineering (20 Questions)
Statics of Particles, Equilibrium of Rigid bodies, Properties of Surfaces and Solids, Centroid, Centre of
Gravity, Dynamics of Particles, Friction in Machine Elements, Stress, Strain and Deformation of Solids,
Theories of Failures, Design of Shafts and Couplings, Fluid statics, equations of continuity and momentum,
Bernoulli’s equation, Flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends, Pumps and its applications, Valves
and Types, Iron Carbide Phase Diagram, ferrous and nonferrous alloys, Heat treatment of ferrous and
non-ferrous metal, Engineering and commodity polymers, composites, nano-materials, Foundry
Technology- Metal Forming Processes, Metal Joining processes, Manufacturing of Thermo Setting and
Thermo Plastic Products, Inventory control - Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) - quantity discounts, ABC
Analysis, Operations Research, Assignment Model, Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation
Review Technique (PERT), Queuing Models, Industrial Safety.

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Unit II: Surveying and Hydrology (20 Questions)
Surveying – Instruments - Methods of surveying – Linear measurements - Computation of area –
Triangulation, intersection, traversing, cross staff survey – Plane table survey – Earth work computation
-Simpson’s and trapezoidal rule - Levelling - Definition - Types of benchmarks - Different types of
levels – Reduced level by rise and fall method and height of collimation method - Contouring – Profile
surveying - Cross section survey - Use of Minor instruments - Theodolite survey - Total station - GPS
survey. Hydrology – Measurement of rainfall, evaporation and infiltration – Estimation of runoff – Factors
affecting runoff – Computation of volume of runoff and peak flow – Unit hydrograph - Occurrence and
movement of ground water - ground water exploration techniques - hydraulics of wells, types of wells and
their construction - Well drilling – Methods and machinery - Techniques for different formations - Well
logging - Types of well screen - Design of well screens - Well development - Yield testing.

Unit III: Soil Erosion and Conservation (15 Questions)

Soil erosion – Types – Factors affecting erosion by water and wind - Stages of water erosion - Biological
control measures and their suitability - Contour farming, strip cropping, mixed cropping, intercropping
and mulching - Mechanical control measures and their suitability – Design and construction of contour
bunds, graded bunds, terraces, contour stone walls, contour trenches, staggered trenches and diversion
drain - Gully control structures - Drop spillway, chute spillway, pipe inlet spill way and check dams - Wind
erosion – Types and control - Wind breaks and shelter belts - Dry farming techniques for improving crop
production - Estimation of soil erosion - Universal Soil Loss Equation.

Unit IV: Watershed Development and Management (15 Questions)

Watershed – Concept, types and delineation - Land capability classification - Participatory
Rural Appraisal Technique – Watershed development plan – Estimation of cost and benefits -Gully and
ravine reclamation – In-situ & Ex-situ water harvesting, micro catchments – Ground water recharge -
Artificial recharge techniques and methods - Farm pond and percolation pond – Selection of suitable soil
and water conservation practices – Afforestation – Holistic planning - Watershed based rural development
– Use of aerial photography and remote sensing in watershed management - Applications of Remote
sensing and GIS in planning and development of watersheds including forest cover and water resources.

Unit V: Farm Irrigation, Structures and Drainage (30 Questions)

Irrigation - Sources – Soil- water- Plant relationship - Water requirement of crops – Measurement
of irrigation water - Weirs and flumes - Methods of irrigation - Surface, Sprinkler, Rain gun and drip
irrigation - Irrigation automation - Drip irrigation – Components and design - Wetting pattern - Filters and
Fertigation tanks - Pump capacity - Operation and maintenance - Sprinkler irrigation - Components -
Sprinkler performance - Hydraulic design of sprinkler systems - Duty and delta relationship – Irrigation
scheduling - Irrigation efficiencies and their estimation - Pumps - Types, selection and installation -
Design and construction of farm structures – Site selection – Quality – RCC - Foundation, basement and
superstructure – Types of roofs – building plan and estimation, requirements of farm house, threshing
floor, drying floor, poultry house, dairy farm, rat proof go down and farm roads - Design features
earthen dams and gravity dams - Water conveyance structures – Earthen channels and lined channels –
Advantages of lining – materials of lining – Design of channel cross section – Crossing control structures
– Road crossing structures – Culvert, inverted siphon aqueduct – Their uses - Underground pipe line
system – Components and their functions – Structures for plant environment – Green houses, poly houses
and shade nets – Construction and utilization - Soilless culture. Drainage - Causes of water logging and
salt problem - Methods of drainage - Design of surface, sub-surface and vertical drainage systems
- Improvement and utilization of poor quality water - Reclamation of saline and alkali soils.

Unit VI: Farm Power (20 Questions)

Sources of Farm Power- Construction and working of Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI)
engines- Thermodynamic principles of SI and CI engine - Two stroke and Four stroke engines -
Turbo charging – Fuel injection systems, Ignition, Lubrication and Cooling systems, Speed governors,
Electrical systems of Internal Combustion engines - Different types of tractors, bull dozers and power
tillers - power transmission systems, Types of Clutches and Gearboxes, Differential, Final drive system,
Braking system – types, constructional details and operation, Steering system - – types, constructional
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details and operation, Suspension system – types, constructional details, uses of hydraulic system in
tractors, hitching system, three point linkage- tractor power outlets. Resistances to vehicle motion, vehicle
performance characteristics, Operations using bull dozer, Types of wheels and tyres – Battery: types,
constructional details and working principle. Tractor stability - mechanics of tractor implement combination,
weight transfer - Ergonomic considerations in operation of tractors, Safety devices in tractors, Maintenance
of tractors. Single phase induction motor - three phase power measurement methods- Power factor-
Electrical pump sets - regulated DC power supply, DC machine, DC generator, DC motor, starter
- torque and efficiency - Electronics in Agriculture - Semi - conductors, transistors, operational amplifiers
– Digital electronics, counters, encoders, decoders, Digital to Analog and Analog to digital converter-
Instrumentation - transducers - strain gauges, types and gauge factor - force measurement using strain
gauges, Torque measurement, pressure measurement, flow measurement temperature measurement,
thermocouples, speed measurement microprocessors, microcontrollers, PID controllers, PLC - Electric
vehicles in Agriculture.

Unit VII: Farm Machinery (20 Questions)

Earth moving equipment - Back hoe with front end loader, Crawler excavator - Bull dozer - blades-
shovels-soil digging machines-primary tillage implements-indigenous plough, Mould board plough, disc
plough, chisel plough, sub soiler, methods of ploughing – secondary tillage implements-cultivators,
harrows, rotary tillers, rotavator, land shaping machinery- laser leveller, ridger, bund former, raised bed
former, puddler. Calculation of field capacity, field efficiency. Sowing and transplanting –seed drills,
types - different types of metering mechanisms, planters, broadcasters and rice transplanters, pneumatic
planters- intercultural implements - dryland weeders, wetland weeders, manual and power operated
weeders - plant protection equipments – sprayers - types of sprayers - Drone sprayer - calibration of
sprayer, types of nozzles, drift – harvesters - sickle, mower, cutter bar, reaper, binders, windrowers -
threshers - principle of threshing, types of threshers, threshing drums, calculation of output capacity,
combines, working principles, components of combine. Root crop harvesters, cotton harvesters,
cotton strippers, sugarcane harvester, maize harvesters, vegetable and fruit harvesters, crop residue
management machinery - cost estimation of farm machinery.

Unit VIII: Unit Operations in Food and Agricultural Processing (20 Questions)
Heat transfer principles – Conduction, convection and radiation - Types of heat exchangers - Unit
operations – Evaporators - Types - Mechanical separation – Filtration – Sedimentation – Settling –
Centrifugal separation – Cyclone separation - Size reduction – Mixing – Blending – emulsification -
Food processing operations - Pasteurization – Sterilization – Canning - Retort processing - Extrusion
processing of foods - Methods of drying of foods – Preservation of food by irradiation - Microwave and
dielectric heating - Fats and oil processing – Extraction methods and equipment - Food packaging –
Materials and characteristics – Suitability - Processing of milk and milk products, packaging of milk -
Principles of refrigeration and applications in food industries – Cold storage of fruits and vegetables -
Design aspects

Unit IX: Process Engineering of Agricultural and Horticultural crops (20 Questions)
Engineering properties of food materials – Moisture content – Methods of determination – Psychrometry
- Drying – Thin layer and deep bed drying – Types of heat sources and types of dryers - Cleaning and
grading – Principles – Separators – Efficiency – Performance index - Shelling and decortication – Seed
processing and layout of seed processing units - Rice processing – Parboiling and dehusking of paddy
– Machines used - Milling of corn, pulses and millets - Material handling equipments - Conveyors and
elevators - Storage – Conditions for safe storage – Bag and bulk storage – Silo storage - Design aspects
- Modified atmosphere storage – Storage structures - Equipment used for processing of horticultural crops
– Preservation of fresh fruits and vegetables – Drying and dehydration – Processing of coffee, tea, rubber,
cashew nut, coconut, oil palm, aromatic plants, flowers and spices.

Unit X: Renewable and Bioenergy (20 Questions)

Solar energy – Solar collectors – Air heaters - Solar dryers – Water heaters - Solar cold storage– Solar
photovoltaic systems and applications- Solar PV pump, fencing - Wind energy - Suitable sites – Types
of wind mills – Wind mill components – Applications – Performance of wind mills - Biomass resources
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– Agro residues – Characteristics - Conversion technologies – Biochemical conversion – Biogas
plant – Types and selection, construction, operation and maintenance - Slurry handling -
Thermochemical conversion – Stoves – Types - Improved stoves – Pyrolysis – Charcoal production –
Gasification – Briquetting – Alternate renewable energy systems - Hydro power, Geothermal, ocean and
hydrogen energy- Energy storage systems- Energy Conservation- Cogeneration - Energy plantation and
environmental impact – Global warming – Clean development mechanism (CDM) and role of afforestation
- Biofuels – Biodiesel feedstock, production and by-product utilization – Ethanol – Production and
utilization – Emission - Standards and control.

3. Chemistry
(Degree Standard)
Code: 430

Unit I: Physical Chemistry (35 Questions)

(a) Chemical Thermodynamics: (25 Questions) Terminology – Systems and surroundings - First Law of
thermodynamics - CP and CV relation - Hess's law of constant heat summation - Kirchoff's equation -
extensive and intensive properties- second law of thermodynamics - entropy and entropy as a measure of
probability - Free energy and Chemical equilibria - variation of free energy with temperature and pressure
- Gibb's and Helmholtz equation – Heterogeneous equilibria and Le Chatlier principle.

(b) Solid State Chemistry: (10 Questions) Crystalline and amorphous solids - unit Cell - Miller Indices
– symmetry elements in crystals (cubic system only)- Bragg's equation - radius ratio's and packing in
crystals- determination of crystal structures by Bragg’s method – structure of NaCl, Wurzite , TiO2 and
spinels.

Unit II: (30 Questions)

(c) Chemical Kinetics: (15 Questions) Rate laws - rate constant - order and molecularity of reactions - I,
II, III, and zero order reactions – concept of Arrhenius theory - Collision theory and Transition state theory
-catalysis.

(d) Electrochemistry: (15 Questions) Conductance in electrolytic solution, specific and molar
conductance - Ostwald's dilution law - Kohlraush's law - Debye Huckel theory- Types of reversible
electrodes - Nernst equation - reference electrode and standard hydrogen electrode - computation of cell
e.m.f. -calculations of thermodynamic quantities of cell reactions (ΔG, ΔH, ΔS and K) Determination of pH
and pKa of acids by potentiometric methods.

Unit III: (12 Questions)

(e)Analytical chemistry and Instrumental methods:
Principle, instrumentation and applications of UV- Visible, IR, Raman, NMR, Mass, GCMS and Atomic
Absorption spectroscopy.

Unit IV: (20 Questions)

Inorganic Chemistry
(f) Periodic classification: (14 Questions) Classification based on electronic configuration – periodic
properties - atomic and ionic radii, ionisation potential, electron affinity and electronegativity - various
scales - Trends along periods and groups.

(g)Chemical bond: (3 Questions) Lattice energy - VSEPR Theory and its applications - partial ionic
character from electronegativity - Fajan's Rule.

(h) Compounds of Boron: (3 Questions) Electron deficient nature of boron compounds - preparation
and properties of halides and nitrites of boron - diborane - Borazine, silicones and structures of silicates

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Unit V: (20 Questions)
(i) Lanthanides and Actinides: (7 Questions) Position in the periodic table, occurrence, electronic
configuration, oxidation state - lanthanide contraction - magnetic properties and complexation behaviour -
comparison of lanthanides and actinides.

(j) Nuclear Chemistry: (13 Questions) Radio activity - detection and measurement – Half-life period -
nuclear stability, - n/p ratio - isotopes, isobars and isotones -nuclear reactions - spallation - nuclear fission
and fusion - stellar energy Uses of nuclear energy - nuclear power projects in India - Applications of
radioactive isotopes in industries, medicine and agriculture.

Unit VI: (20 Questions)

(k)Co-ordination Chemistry: (10 Questions) Nomenclature – theories of co-ordination compounds-
Werner, valence bond, crystal field theories - Effective atomic number – isomerism.

(l)Analytical Chemistry: (10 Questions) Principles of volumetric analysis - different types of titrations-
Gravimetric analysis – Basic principles - Separation and purification techniques

Unit VII: (25 Questions)

Organic Chemistry:
(m) Nature of Bonding: (18 Questions) Hybridisation (sp, sp2 and sp3) and Geometry of molecules -
cleavage of bonds - homolytic and heterolytic fission of carbon – carbon bonds - Reaction intermediates -
free radicals, carbocations and carbanions - their stability.

(n) Types of reactions: (7 Questions) Nucleophilic, electrophilic, free radicals, addition, elimination,
substitution, oxidation and reduction reactions.

Unit VIII: (18 Questions)

(o) Electron displacement effects: (8 Questions) Inductive, inductometric, electromeric, mesomeric,
resonance, hyper conjugation and steric effects.

(p)Stereochemistry: (10 Questions)

Optical isomerism and Geometrical isomerism - chirality - optical isomerism of lactic and tartaric acid -
Racemisation – Resolution-asymmetric synthesis - Walden inversion - cis and trans isomerism of maleic
and fumaric acids-R-S-Notations - conformational analysis of cyclohexane

Unit IX: (5 Questions)

(q) Carbohydrates: Classification, sources, preparation and reactions - Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose and
lactose- structure of glucose and fructose.

(r) Amino acids – Classification - Zwitter ion - peptide linkage - structure of proteins - structure and functions
of DNA and RNA

(s) Hormones and vitamins - Classifications, sources and functions

Unit X: (15 Questions)

(t)Pharmaceutical Chemistry: (10 Questions) Terminology-pharmacology, pharmacotherapies,
toxicology, chemotherapy, classification and nomenclature of drugs, sources of drugs, Assay of drugs by
biological, chemical and immunological methods, physiological effects of functional groups of drugs -
Different types of drugs like analgesics, antibiotics, antiseptics, disinfectants, anaesthetics, antacids,
antimalarial antidepressants, antipsychotic and sedatives.

(u) Nano Chemistry: (5 Questions)

Definition – types of nano materials – Nano drugs and their delivery- Applications of nano materials in
medicine

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 4. Civil Engineering
(Degree Standard)
Code: 398

Unit I: Building Materials and Construction Practices (20 Questions)

Properties and testing of engineering materials-brick, stones, M-sand, aggregates, cement, timber,
recycled and modern materials-glass, plastic FRP, ceramic- concrete – properties and testing - mix design-
admixtures, Self-compacting concrete steel construction practice-stone masonry, brick masonry, R.C.C.
and block masonry – construction equipment - building bye-laws and development regulations practiced
in Tamil Nadu - Provisions for fire safety, lighting and ventilation- Acoustics.

Unit II: Engineering Survey (15 Questions)

Survey - Chain- Compass - Plane table - levelling - Theodolite- computation of area and volume-L.S.
and C.S. – Contour - Traversing – traverse adjustment- -Heights and Distances - Tacheometry and
Triangulation - total station and GPS and Remote sensing techniques for surveying.

Unit III: Engineering Mechanics and Strength of Materials (20 Questions)

Forces- types-laws - centre of gravity-moment of inertia-friction-Stresses and strains -Thermal stress -
elastic constants - Beams - Bending moment and shear force in beams - Theory of simple bending -
deflection of beams - torsion - Combined stresses – stresses on inclined planes - Principal stresses and
principal planes - Theories of Failure – Analysis of plane trusses.

Unit IV: Structural Analysis (20 Questions)

Indeterminate beams - Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis - Slope deflection - Moment
Distribution method – Arches and suspension cables - Theory of columns - moving loads and influence
lines – Matrix method- Stability of retaining walls – plastic theory- Seismic analysis of high rise building

Unit V: Geotechnical Engineering (25 Questions)

Formation of soils - types of soils - classification of soils for engineering practice - Field identification of
soils - Physical properties and testing of soils - Three phase diagram - permeability characteristics of
soils - stress distribution in soils - Theory of consolidation, shear strength parameters of soils –
stabilization of soil -Compaction of soils- Stability analysis of slope - Soil exploration - Soil sampling
techniques – SPT -Borelog profile - shallow foundations - Terzhagi's bearing capacity theory - Pile
foundation –pile load test- Group action of piles - settlement of foundations- Ground Improvement
techniques.

Unit VI: Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control (15 Questions)

Sources of water - Water Demand -- Characteristics and analysis of water – hydraulics for conveyance
and transmission - water borne diseases – Functional design of water treatment plant – desalination
plant- water distribution system – pipe network analysis- characteristics and composition of sewage -
Planning and design of sewerage system - sewer appurtenances - Pumping of sewage - sewage treatment
and disposal - Design of storm water drain- plumbing system in high rise building - industrial waste
treatment - solid waste management – Air and Noise pollution control – E-Waste management.

Unit VII: Design of Reinforced Concrete, Prestressed Concrete and Steel Structures (30 Questions)
Design of concrete members - limit state and working stress design concepts - design of slabs - one way,
two way and flat slabs - Design of singly and doubly reinforced sections and flanged sections -design of
columns and footings – pre- stressing - systems and methods- post tensioning slabs - Design of pre-
stressed members for flexure.
Design of tension and compression members - Design of bolted and welded connections design of
members of truss - designs of columns and bases - design of beams, plate girders and gantry girder-
design of liquid storage structures –elevated and underground- design of retaining wall.

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Unit VIII: Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering (20 Questions)
Hydrostatics-applications of Bernoulli equation – losses in pipes - flow measurement in channels
- open channel flow- types of pumps and characteristics - Applications of Momentum equation,
Kinematics of flow. Water resources in Tamil Nadu - Water resource planning - Master plan for water
management - flood control – Runoff estimation – hydrograph – flood routing - Soil plant water
relationship - Water requirement for crops - Irrigation methods – Design of alluvial canal and design
of headworks. Water logging and land reclamation - cross drainage works.

Unit IX: Urban and Transportation Engineering (20 Questions)

Urbanization trend and impact - Slum clearance and slum improvement programmes - Different modes of
transport and their characteristics. Geometric design of highways. – Pavement materials and testing –
alternate pavement materials- modified binders - Design and Construction of bituminous and concrete
roads – pavement distress and evaluation - Maintenance of roads – Railways - Components of permanent
way - Signalling, Interlocking and train control - drainage in roads and railways. Airport planning -
Components of Airport - Site selection – Runways – Planning of terminal buildings Harbours & Ports -
Layout of a harbour - Docks - Breakwaters.

Unit X: Project Management and Estimation (15 Questions)

Construction management - Construction planning - Scheduling and monitoring - Cost control, Quality
control and inspection - Network analysis - CPM and PERT -methods of project management - Resources
planning and resource management - Types of estimates - Preparation of technical specifications and
tender documents – e-tender - Building valuation - law relating to contracts and arbitration.

5. Civil Engineering, Traditional Architecture and Sculpture

(Degree Standard)
Code: 510

Unit I: Building Materials and Construction Practices (20 Questions)

Properties and testing of engineering materials-brick, stones, M-sand, aggregates, cement, timber,
recycled and modern materials-glass, plastic FRP, ceramic- concrete – properties and testing - mix design-
admixtures, Self-compacting concrete steel construction practice-stone masonry, brick masonry, R.C.C.
and block masonry – construction equipment - building bye-laws and development regulations practiced
in Tamil Nadu - Provisions for fire safety, lighting and ventilation- Acoustics.

Unit II: Engineering Survey and Estimation (20 Questions)

Survey - Chain - Compass - Plane table - levelling - Theodolite - computation of area and volume-
L.S. and C.S. – Contour - Traversing – traverse adjustment - Heights and Distances - Tacheometry
and Triangulation - total station and GPS and Remote sensing techniques for surveying - Types of
estimates - Preparation of technical specifications and tender documents – e-tender - Building
valuation - law relating to contracts and arbitration.

Unit III: Engineering Mechanics and Strength of Materials (20 Questions)

Forces - types-laws - centre of gravity - moment of inertia - friction - Stresses and strains -Thermal stress
- elastic constants - Beams - Bending moment and shear force in beams - Theory of simple bending -
deflection of beams - torsion - Combined stresses – stresses on inclined planes - Principal stresses
and principal planes - Theories of Failure – Analysis of plane trusses.

Unit IV: Structural Analysis (20 Questions)

Indeterminate beams - Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis - Slope deflection - Moment
Distribution method – Arches and suspension cables - Theory of columns - moving loads and influence
lines – Matrix method- Stability of retaining walls – plastic theory- Seismic analysis of high rise
building

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Unit V: Geotechnical and Highway Engineering (20 Questions)
Formation of soils - types of soils - classification of soils for engineering practice - Field identification of
soils - Physical properties and testing of soils - Three phase diagram - permeability characteristics of soils
- stress distribution in soils - Theory of consolidation, shear strength parameters of soils – stabilization
of soil -Compaction of soils - Geometric design of highways – Pavement materials and testing – alternate
pavement materials - modified binders - Design and Construction of bituminous and concrete roads –
Pavement distress and evaluation – Maintenance of roads - Stability analysis of slope - Soil exploration
- Soil sampling techniques – SPT - Borelog profile - shallow foundations - Terzhagi's bearing
capacity theory - Pile foundation –pile load test- Group action of piles - settlement of foundations- Ground
Improvement techniques.

Unit VI: Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control (20 Questions)

Sources of water - Water Demand - Characteristics and analysis of water – Hydrostatics-applications of
Bernoulli equation – losses in pipes - flow measurement in channels - open channel flow- types of
pumps and characteristics - hydraulics for conveyance and transmission - water borne diseases –
Functional design of water treatment plant – desalination plant- water distribution system – pipe
network analysis - characteristics and composition of sewage - Planning and design of sewerage system
- sewer appurtenances - Pumping of sewage - sewage treatment and disposal - Design of storm water
drain- plumbing system in high rise building - industrial waste treatment - solid waste management– Air
and Noise pollution control – E-Waste management.

Unit VII: Design of Reinforced Concrete, Prestressed Concrete and Steel Structures (20 Questions)
Design of concrete members - limit state and working stress design concepts - design of slabs -
one way, two way and flat slabs - Design of singly and doubly reinforced sections and flanged sections -
design of columns and footings – pre- stressing - systems and methods- post tensioning slabs -
Design of pre-stressed members for flexure.
Design of tension and compression members - Design of bolted and welded connections design
of members of truss - designs of columns and bases - design of beams, plate girders and gantry girder-
design of liquid storage structures –elevated and underground- design of retaining wall.

Unit VIII: Temple Architecture and Sculpture Features (20 Questions)

Aayathi – Padhivinyaasam – Soil Testing – Foundation – Measurements – Santara – AshtangaVimana –
Height Determination of Saanthikam and Vimana, PrakaraLakshana, ParivaraLakshana,
MandapaLakshana, GopuraLakshana – Traditional Architectural Treatises – Saadhisandhavikalpa
Temples – Upapida, Adishtana, Pada, Prastara, Kandam, Sikhara, Stupi, Kumbhalatha, Viruthaspuditham,
Koshtapanjara – Torana – Garbagriha – ArdhaMandapa –MukhaMandapa – PrakaraMandapa –
VahanaMandapa – Dwajasthamba – Bali peeda – Temple car – Temple Tank – Measurements for
Vimanas and Gopurams (1 to 13 tier)

Iconographic Measurements – Types of Images – Six Manas – Talamana– Height resolution for God
images – Banga( anotomy) characteristics – Costumes and Jewellery – Coiffure – Mudras – Asanas –
Weapons and Lingas, 32 Ganapathy’s – 16 Subrahmanyas – 16 Sivamurtis – Saptamatrikas, Sakthi
images – 7 Tandavas – 63 Nayanmars – AshtaDikpalakas – Sthanaka, Asana and Sayana forms of Vishnu
according to the Dasavatara – Yoga, Bhoga, Heroic types, 12 Alwars – Features of Garuda and Anjaneya
– Significance of Metal Images – Processional images – Iconometry of Bronze images – Karukattudal
– Alloying techniques –casting techniques – Preservation and Conservation of Bronze images.

Origin and Evolution of ancient Sculptures and Architecture – Indus Valley architecture and sculptures –
Seals – Pictography – Vedic architecture – Buddhist architecture and sculptures during the Maurya period
– Sungas, Satavahanas – Structural temples and Sculptures of the Gupta period – Cave temples and
Structural temples of the Chalukyas – Temples and Icons of the Rashtrakutas–Uniqueness of the
Kalinga architecture and sculptures – History and Art of the Hoysalas.

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Unit IX: Temple Maintenance (20 Questions)
Definition – Aim – Ethics – Ethics of preserving its antiquity – Aims and Purpose of alignment and
reconstruction – Damages in stone architecture – repairing the cracks and its techniques – Basic
methods of preserving the structures – Preservation and Conservation ( Stone – Brick – Wood – Metal)
– Restoration of the foundation dilapidated due to natural disaster – Repairing the damages due to
moisture content on the walls – The Conservation methods of Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments
– Preservation from salt corrosion and removing the vegetation on the Temple structures.

Unit X: Agamas and Tamil Literatures Depicting the Temple Architecture (20 Questions)
Saiva agamas – Agamas and Religious Acharyas – Divisions of Agamas- Significance of the Agamas –
Definition of Agama and SaivaSiddhanta – The planning and execution of Temples through Agamas –
Temple architecture in Kamikagama – Vaadula agama, Architecture in Rudragama – Vaishnava agama
– Temple architecture in Vaikanasa and Pancharatra –10 incarnations of Lord Vishnu – Temple
architecture and Iconography in MarichiSamhita, PaadmaSamhita, AtriSamhita, BrihatSamhita – Temple
architecture in Suprahbedagama – Vimanarchanakalpa – Kumaratantra .
Temple architecture in Tamil Literatures
Kamba Ramayana – Nagarapadalam (song no. 7 – 13,19,23 – 30) Kalingattuparani – 4 Temples (song
no, 1 – 11)
Nedunalvadai (line 72 – 130) Madurakanchi (line 351 – 356)
Pattinapalai (line 142 – 145, 261 – 264, 285 – 287)
Chintamani – Kantharuvathanthaiyarilambagam(song no. 590 – 595) Thanigaipuranam – Agathiyar Arul
perumpadalam (song no. 64 – 79) Apparpasuram in Devaram
Periyapuranam – PoosalarNayanar
Paripadal
Silappadikaram – Kundrakkuravai, Vettuvavari, Arangetrakaadai
(Explanation by Adiyaarkkunallar)

6. Computer Science, Information Technology, Electrical, Electronics and

Communication Engineering
(Degree Standard)
Code: 554
Unit I: Programming In C, Python and Object Oriented Programming (20 Questions)
C Programming:
Data Types – Expressions – Input / Output Operations – Decision Making and Branching Statements
– Looping Statements – Arrays – Initialization – Declaration – One dimensional and Two dimensional
arrays. String – string operations – String Arrays. Simple programs – sorting – searching – matrix
operations – Function – Definition of function – Declaration of function – Pass by value – Pass by
reference – Recursion – Pointers – Definition – Initialization – Pointers arithmetic - Pointers and arrays
– structure date type – structure definition – Structure declaration – Structure within a structure – Union
– Programs using structures and Unions – Storage classes, Pre-processor directives - File Handling

Python Programming:
Python Interpreter and Interactive Mode-Data types-Statements- Expressions-Boolean Values and
Operators-Strings-Arrays of Numbers- Lists-Tuples-Dictionaries-Functions-File Reading and Writing

Object Oriented Programming:

C++ Programming features – Data Abstraction – Encapsulation – Class – Object – constructors – static
members – constant members – member functions – pointers – references – Role of this pointer –
Storage classes – function as arguments – String Handling – Copy Constructor – Polymorphism – compile
time and run time polymorphisms – Function overloading – operators overloading – dynamic memory
allocation – Nested classes – Inheritance – virtual functions. Abstract class – Exception handling –
Standard libraries – Generic Programming – templates – class template – function template – STL -
containers – iterators – function adaptors – allocators – Parameterizing the class – File handling concepts.

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Unit II: Data Structures and Algorithms (20 Questions)
List ADT – array based implementation – linked list implementation – singly linked lists – circularly linked
lists – doubly-linked lists – applications of lists – Polynomial Manipulation – All operation
(Insertion, Deletion, Merge, Traversal) – Stack ADT – Evaluating arithmetic expressions – other
applications – Queue ADT – circular queue implementation – Double ended Queues – Priority Queues
- application of queues – Trees: Binary Tree - Binary Search Tree-Tree Traversals –Operations- AVL
Tree-Splay Tree-Red Black Tree- Binary Heap- Skew Heap- Leftist Heap - Binomial Heap-Fibonacci
Heap- Sorting algorithms: Insertion sort – Selection sort – Shell sort – Bubble sort – Quick sort –
Merge sort – Radix sort – Heap Sort - Searching: Linear search – Binary Search - Hashing: Hash
Functions – Separate Chaining – Open Addressing – Rehashing – Extendible Hashing – Graph
Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree – Shortest Path Algorithms - Graph Traversals -Directed Acyclic
Graph- Topological Ordering-All Pair Shortest Path Algorithms- Floyd Warshall algorithm- Bellman Ford
Algorithm-Network Flow Algorithms- Ford Fulkerson Algorithm-Amortized Analysis of Algorithms -
Algorithm Analysis: Asymptotic Analysis-Solving Recurrence Equations-Algorithm Design Techniques-
Greedy Algorithms-Dynamic Programming-Divide and Conquer.

Unit III: Digital Logic and Computer Architecture (20 Questions)

Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates – Combinational Logic – Sequential logic Functional Units of a Digital
Computer - Arithmetic operations : Addition and Subtraction – Binary Multiplication – Binary Division –
Floating Point Numbers – Addressing Modes - Instruction Set Architecture – RISC and CISC Architectures
CPU Performance Metrics - Data path and Control – Hazards: Structural, Data and Control Hazards –
Dynamic Scheduling – Speculation – ILP and Thread Level Parallelism – Memory Hierarchy – Cache
Memories – Virtual Memory – Associative memories – Accessing I/O devices Interrupts - Direct Memory
Access – Multicore Architectures – Open MP – MPI – Cache coherence policies – GPU architectures and
programming.

Unit IV: Database Management Systems (20 Questions)

INTRODUCTION TO DBMS – File Systems Organization – Sequential, Pointer, Indexed, Direct –
Purpose of Database System – Database System Terminologies – Database Characteristics – Data
models – Types of data models – Components of DBMS – Relational Algebra. LOGICAL DATABASE
DESIGN: Relational DBMS – Codd’s Rule – Entity – Relationship model – Extended ER Normalization
– Functional Dependencies, Anomaly – 1 NF to 5 NF – Domain Key Normal Form – Denomalization. SQL
& QUERY OPTIMIZATION – SQL Standards – Data types – Database Objects – DDL – DML – DCL –
TCL – Embedded SQL – Static vs Dynamic SQL – QUERY OPTIMIZATION: Query Processing and
Optimization – Heuristics and Cost Estimates in Query Optimization – TRANSACTION PROCESSING
AND CONCURRENCY CONTROL – Introduction – Properties of Transaction – Serializability –
Concurrency Control – Locking Mechanisms – Two Phase Commit Protocol – Dead lock – TRENDS
IN DATABASE TECHNOLOGY – RAID – File Organization –
Organization of Records in Files – Indexing and Hashing – Ordered Indices – B+ tree Index Files – B
tree Index Files – Static Hashing – Dynamic Hashing – Object Oriented Database Management Systems-
Object Oriented Relational Database management Systems

Unit V: Operating Systems and Cloud Technologies (20 Questions)

OPERATING SYSTEMS OVERVIEW – Computer System Overview – Basic Elements, Instruction
Execution, Interrupts, Memory Hierarchy, Cache Memory, Direct Memory Access, Multiprocessor and
Multicore Organization. Operating system overview – objectives and functions, Evolution of Operating
System – Computer System Organization – Operating System Structure and Operations –System Calls,
System Programs, OS Generation and System Boot – PROCESS MANAGEMENT – Processes – Process
Concepts, Process Scheduling, Operations on Processes, Interprocess Communication; Threads –
Overview, Multicore Programming, Multithreading Models; Windows 7 – Thread and SMP Management.
Process Synchonization – Critical Section Problem, Mutex Locks, Semaphores, Monitors; CPU Scheduling
and Deadlocks – STORAGE MANAGEMENT – Main Memory – Contiguous Memory – Allocation,
Segmentation, Paging, 32 and 64 bit architecture Examples; Virtual Memory – Demand Paging, Page
Replacement, Allocation, Thrashing; Allocating Kernel Memory, OS Examples – I/O SYSTEMS – Mass
Storage Structure – Overview, Disk Scheduling and Management; File System Storage – File Concepts,

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Directory and Disk Structure, Sharing and Protection; File System Implementation – File System Structure,
Directory Structure, Allocation Methods, Free space Management; I/O Systems.
Cloud Technologies: Cloud Characteristics-Cloud Service and Deployment Models-Virtualization-Virtual
Machines-Server, Network and Storage Virtualization-Hypervisor-Cloud Security Requirements-Threats:
Malicious Attacks-Events and Alerts- Security Information and Event Management - Hadoop –Map Reduce
Technique.

Unit VI: Software Engineering (20 Questions)

Software Process and Project Management:
Introduction to Software Engineering, Software Process, Perspective and Specialized Process Models -
Software Project Management: Estimation – LOC and FP Based Estimation, COCOMO Model – Project
Scheduling – Scheduling, Earned Value Analysis – Risk Management – Introduction to Agility - Agile
Process - Extreme Programming - XP Process - REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS AND SPECIFICAION –
Software Requirement: Functional and Non – functional, User requirements, System requirement,
Software Requirements - Document – Requirement Engineering Process : feasibility Studies,
Requirements elicitation and analysis, requirements validation, requirements management – Classical
analysis: Structured system Analysis, Petri Nets – Data Dictionary - SOFTWARE DESIGN –Design
process design Concepts – Design Model – Design Heuristic –Architectural Design – Architectural styles,
architectural Design, Architectural mapping using dataflow – User Interface Design: Interface Analysis,
Interface design – Component level Design: Designing Class based components, Traditional Components
–TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION –Software testing fundamental – Internal and external views of
Testing – white box testing – basis path testing - control structure testing – black box testing –
Regression Testing – Unit Testing – Integration Testing – Validation Testing – System Testing and
Debugging – Software Implementation Techniques : Coding practices – Refactoring –PROJECT
MANAGEMENT –Cost Estimation – FP Based, LOC Based, Make /Buy Decision, COCOMO II –
Planning – Project Plan, Planning Process, RFP Risk Management – Identification, Projection, RMMM
– Scheduling and Tracking – Relationship between people and effort, Task Set & Network, Scheduling,
EVA – Process and Project Metrics - DEVOPS Essentials - Build Model Using MAVEN - Building DEVOPS
using Azure.

Unit VII: Web Technology (20 Questions)

SCRIPTING LANGUAGES –Web page designing using HTML, Scripting basics – Client side and server
side scripting. Java Script – Object, names, literals, operators and expressions – statements and features
– events – windows –documents – frames –date types –built-in functions – Browser object model –
Verifying forms – HTML5 – CSS3 – HTML 5 canvas – Web site creation using tools – Event Handling-
PhP Scripting - JAVA PROGRAMMING – Features of java – Data types, variables and arrays – Operators
– Control statements – Classes and Methods – Inheritance. Packages and Interfaces – Exception Handling
– Multithreaded Programming – Input / Output – files – Utility Classes – Strong Handling – JDBC – JDBC
Overview –JDBC implementation – Connection class – Statements – Catching Database Results, handling
database Queries. Networking –Inet Address class – URL class – TCP sockets – UDP sockets, Java
Beans –RMI – APPLETs – Java applets – Life Cycle of an Applet – Adding Images to an Applet – Adding
Sound to an Applet – Passing Parameters to an Applet - Event Handling. Introducing AWT: Working with
Windows Graphics and Text. Using AWT Controls, Layout Managers and Menus. Servlet – life cycle of a
servlet. The Servlet API, Handling HTTP Request and Response, Using Cookies, Session Tracking -
MVC Architecture – Nodejs - Events – Listeners – Timers - Callbacks – Handling Data - Implementing
HTTP Service in Nodejs – NOSQL – MongoDB – Frameworks – SPRING – MERN – MEAN – Flutter

Unit VIII: Computer Networks and Security (20 Questions)

NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS & LINK LAYER –Building a network- requirements – Layering and
protocols – Internet Architecture – Network software – Performance; Link layer Services – Framing –
Error Detection – Flow control – MEDIA ACCESS & INTERNETWORKING – Media access control-
Ethernet (802.3) – wireless LANs -802.11 – Bluetooth – switching and bridging – Basic Internetworking
(IP, CIDR, ARP, DHCP, ICMP)- ROUTING – Routing (RIP, OSPF, metrics) – Switch basics – Global
Internet (Areas, BGP, IPv6), Multicast – addresses – multicast routing (DVMRP, PIM) - TRANSPORT
LAYER – Overview of Transport layer – UDP- Reliable byte stream (TCP) – Connection management –

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Flow control – Retransmission – TCP Congestion control – Congestion avoidance (DECbit, RED) – QoS
– Application requirements – APPLICATION LAYER - Traditional applications - Electronic Mail (SMTP,
POP3, IMAP,MIME) HTTP –Web Services - DNS –SNMP – Mobile Computing – Mobile Computing
Vs. wireless Networking – Mobile Computing Application – Characteristics of Mobile Computing –
Structure of Mobile Computing Applications. MAC Protocols – Wireless MAC Issues – Fixed Assignment
Schemes – Random Assignment Schemes – Reservation Based Schemes –MOBILE INTERNET
PROTOCOL AND TRANSPORT LAYER – Overview of Mobile IP- Features of Mobile IP- Key Mechanism
in Mobile IP – Route Optimization. Overview of TCP/ IP – Architecture of TCP/ IP – adaptation of TCP
Window – Improvement in TCP Performance – MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS – Ad- Hoc Basic
Concepts – Characteristics – Applications – Design Issues – Routing – Essential of Traditional Routing
Protocols – Popular Routing Protocols – Vehicular AdHoc networks (VANET)- MANET Vs VANET –
Security – Cryptographic Algorithms – Caesar Cipher – Hill Cipher – Vignere cipher – LFSR Sequences
– Number Theory –GCD –Chinese Remainder Theorem – Fermat’s Theorem and Euler’s Theorem –
Symmetric key Cryptography – DES – AES Algorithms – Public key algorithms – RSA – Diffe–Hellman
Algorithm – ElGamal System – Elliptic Key Cryptography – Digital Signatures – Digital Certificates –
Hashing – MD5 – SHA1 – Key Management – Kerberos –PKI –IP Security – Email Security – SSL – SET
–OS Security – Database Security.

Unit IX: Microprocessor and Embedded Systems (20 Questions)

8085 Architecture, Instruction set, addressing modes, Assembly language programming, Interrupts, timing
diagrams, memory and I/O interfacing; 8086 Architecture, Instruction set, addressing modes, minimum
and maximum mode configuration, assembler directives, assembly language programming, interrupts;
8051 Architecture, Special Function Registers (SFRs) instruction set, addressing modes, assembly
language programming, I/O ports, Timers/counters, interrupts and serial communication.
Embedded System design process, Embedded processors – ARM Processor – Architecture, ARM
Instruction sets – Addressing Modes – Pipelining – Embedded C Programming – Looping Structures –
Register Allocation – Function calls – Pointer aliasing – Structure arrangement – bit fields – unaligned data
and endianness – inline functions and inline assembly – portability issues. Profiling and cycle counting –
instruction scheduling – optimized primitives. Multiple tasks and processes – Context switching –
Scheduling policies – Interprocess communication mechanisms – Exception and interrupt handling –
Performance issues. Meeting real time constraints – Multi-state systems and function sequences –
Embedded software development tools – Emulators and debuggers.

Unit X: Electrical, Electronics and its Applications (20 Questions)

Ohm’s Law - Kirchhoff’s Laws – Solution of DC circuits with Independent sources only (Steady state), AC
Fundamentals: Waveforms, Average value, RMS Value, Impedance, Instantaneous Power, Real Power,
Reactive Power and Apparent Power, Power Factor – Steady State Analysis of RL, RC and RLC Circuits-
three phase circuits.
Magnetic Circuits– DC Machines: Construction, Working Principle, Types and Applications of DC
Generator and Motor, EMF and Torque equation. AC Machines: Construction, Working and Applications of
Transformer, Three phase Alternator, Synchronous motor, Single and Three Phase Induction Motor,
stepper motor, servo motor and BLDC motor.
Operation and Characteristics of electronic devices: PN Junction Diodes, Zener Diode, BJT, JFET, IGBT
and MOSFET– Voltage regulators - Operational Amplifiers - 555 timer IC based astable and monostable
multivibrator.
Solenoids, electro-pneumatic systems, proximity sensors, limit switches, piezoelectric, Hall Effect, photo
sensors, Strain gauge, LVDT, piezo electric crystals, differential pressure transducer, optical and digital
transducers, Smart sensors, Thermal Imagers.
Moving Coil and Moving Iron Instruments, Power Measurement, Energy Meter, Instrument Transformers
- CT and PT, Multimeter- DSO- Data Acquisition Systems – A/D and D/A Converters –Data Transmission
Systems – smart meters.

Single and Three Phase AC to DC Converters – uncontrolled and controlled rectifiers– Switched Mode
Power Supplies – buck, boost and buck-boost converter topologies –switching losses – Inverters – Single

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and Three Phase Inverters – Voltage control –Pulse Width Modulation techniques – harmonic elimination
techniques – Uninterrupted Power Supplies- Batteries – types and characteristics.

7. Computer Science, Computer Application and Information Technology

(PG Degree Standard)
Code: 556

Unit I: Computer Fundamentals, Programming in C, Python and Object Oriented Programming

(40 Questions)
Computer Basics and Practices:
Parts of a Computer – Input/Output Devices, Processors, Network Devices, Tools for Basic Software
Applications – Word Processors – Presentation tools – Spread sheet – Email tools – Database Processor
tools (SQL, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle Database, MS-Access) – Online Meeting Platform.

C Programming:
Introduction to IT – Problem Solving – C Programming – Constants – Variables – Data Types –
Expressions – Input/Output Operations – Decision Making and Branching Statements – Looping
Statements – Arrays – Initialization – Declaration – One dimensional and Two dimensional arrays. String
– string operations – String Arrays. Simple programs – sorting – searching – matrix operations –
Function – Definition of function – Declaration of function – Pass by value – Pass by reference – Recursion
– Pointers – Definition – Initialization – Pointers arithmetic - Pointers and arrays – Function Pointer -
S tructure date type – structure definition – Structure declaration – Structure within a structure – Union –
Programs using structures and Unions – Storage classes, Pre-processor directives - File Handling

Python Programming:
Python Interpreter and Interactive Mode-Data types-Statements- Expressions-Boolean Values and
Operators-Strings-Arrays of Numbers- Lists-Tuples-Dictionaries-Functions-File Reading and Writing.

Object Oriented Programming:

C++ Programming features – Data Abstraction – Encapsulation – Class – Object – constructors – static
members – constant members – member functions – pointers – references – Role of this pointer –
Storage classes – function as arguments – String Handling – Copy Constructor – Polymorphism – compile
time and run time polymorphisms – Function overloading – operators overloading – dynamic memory
allocation – Nested classes – Inheritance – virtual functions. Abstract class – Exception handling –
Standard libraries – Generic Programming – templates – class template – function template – Standard
Template Library (STL) - containers – iterators – function adaptors – allocators – Parameterizing the class
– File handling concepts.

Unit II: Data Structures and Algorithms (20 Questions)

Linear Data Structures – Abstract Data Types (ADTs) – List ADT – array based implementation – linked
list implementation – singly linked lists – circularly linked lists – doubly-linked lists – applications
of lists – Polynomial Manipulation – All operation (Insertion, Deletion, Merge, Traversal) – Stack ADT –
Evaluating arithmetic expressions – other applications – Queue ADT – circular queue implementation
– Double ended Queues – Priority Queues - application of queues – Trees: Binary Tree - Binary Search
Tree-Tree Traversals –Operations- AVL Tree-Splay Tree-Red Black Tree- Binary Heap- Skew Heap-
Leftist Heap - Binomial Heap-Fibonacci Heap- Sorting algorithms: Insertion sort – Selection sort –
Shell sort – Bubble sort – Quick sort – Merge sort – Radix sort – Heap Sort - Searching: Linear
search – Binary Search - Hashing: Hash Functions – Separate Chaining – Open Addressing –
Rehashing – Extendible Hashing – Graph Algorithms: Minimum Spanning Tree – Shortest Path
Algorithms - Graph Traversals -Directed Acyclic Graph- Topological Ordering-All Pair Shortest Path
Algorithms- Floyd Warshall algorithm- Bellman Ford Algorithm-Network Flow Algorithms- Ford Fulkerson
Algorithm-Amortized Analysis of Algorithms - Algorithm Analysis: Asymptotic Analysis-Solving
Recurrence Equations-Algorithm Design Techniques-Greedy Algorithms-Dynamic Programming-Divide
and Conquer- Back Tracking-Complexity classes – P, NP, NP Complete, NP Hard.

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Unit III: Digital Principles, Computer Organization and IoT Concepts (20 Questions)
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATES – Review of Number Systems – Arithmetic Operations –
Binary Codes – Boolean Algebra and Theorems – Boolean Functions – Simplification of Boolean Functions
using Karnaugh Map and Tabulation Methods – Logic Gates – NAND and NOR Implementations.
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC – Combinational Circuits – Analysis and Design Procedures – Circuits for
Arithmetic Operations, Code Conversion – Decoders and Encoders – Multiplexers and Demultiplexers –
Introduction to Hardware Description Language (HDL) – HDL Models of combinational circuits –
SEQUENTIAL LOGIC - Sequential Circuits – Latches and Flips Flops – Analysis and Design
Procedures – State Reduction and State Assignment – Shift Registers – Counters – HDL for Sequential
Logic Circuits – Computer Organization – Components of a computer system – Technology – Performance
– Power Wall - Uniprocessors to multiprocessors; Instructions – operations and operands – representing
instructions – Logical operations – control operations – Addressing and addressing modes – ALU –
Addition and subtraction – Multiplication – Division – Floating Point operations – PROCESSOR AND
CONTROL UNIT – Basic MIPS Implementation – Building datapath – Control Implementation scheme –
Pipelining – Pipelined datapath and control – Handling Data hazards & Control hazards – Exceptions –
MEMORY AND I/O SYSTEMS – Memory hierarchy – Memory technologies – Cache basics –
Measuring and improving cache performance – Virtual memory, Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLBs) –
Input/ output system, programmed I/O, Direct Memory Access (DMA) and interrupts, I/O processors.
8-Bit Embedded Processor - IoT Devices – Arduino - Sensors and Actuators - IoT Communication
Models and API - Communication Protocols - Programming and Interfacing - Connecting to the Cloud.

Unit IV: Probability and Queueing Theory (5 Questions)

RANDOM VARIABLES – Discrete and continuous random variables – Moments – Moment generating
functions – Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Uniform, Exponential, Gamma and Normal distributions – TWO
– DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES – Joint distributions – Marginal and conditional distributions –
Covariance – Correlation and Linear regression – Transformation of random variables – RANDOM
PROCESSES – Classification – Stationary process – Markov process – Poisson process – Discrete
parameter Markov chain – Chapman Kolmogorov equations – Limiting distributions – QUEUEING
MODELS – Markovian queues – Birth and Death processes – Single and multiple server queueing
models – Little’s formula – Queues with finite waiting rooms – Queues with impatient customers:
Balking and reneging.

Unit V: Database Management Systems (20 Questions)

INTRODUCTION TO DBMS – File Systems Organization – Sequential, Pointer, Indexed, Direct –
Purpose of Database System – Database System Terminologies – Database Characteristics – Data
models – Types of data models – Components of DBMS – Relational Algebra. LOGICAL DATABASE
DESIGN: Relational DBMS – Codd’s Rule – Entity – Relationship model – Extended ER Normalization
– Functional Dependencies, Anomaly – 1 NF to 5 NF – Domain Key Normal Form – Denomalization. SQL
& QUERY OPTIMIZATION – SQL Standards – Data types – Database Objects – DDL – DML – DCL –
TCL – Embedded SQL – Static vs Dynamic SQL – QUERY OPTIMIZATION: Query Processing and
Optimization – Heuristics and Cost Estimates in Query Optimization – TRANSACTION PROCESSING
AND CONCURRENCY CONTROL – Introduction – Properties of Transaction – Serializability –
Concurrency Control – Locking Mechanisms – Two Phase Commit Protocol – Dead lock – TRENDS
IN DATABASE TECHNOLOGY – RAID – File Organization – Organization of Records in Files –
Indexing and Hashing – Ordered Indices – B+ tree Index Files – B tree Index Files – Static Hashing –
Dynamic Hashing – Object Oriented Database Management Systems-Object Oriented Relational
Database management Systems
Introduction to Distributed Databases – Multidimensional and Parallel databases – Spatial and
Multimedia databases – Mobile and web databases – Data Warehouse – Mining – Data marts -
NoSQL Database-CAP Theorem - Document Based Systems-Key Value Stores-Column Based
Database-Graph Database-Database Security-Access Control Mechanisms-Big Data-Big Data Analytics-
Big Data Tools

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Unit VI: Operating Systems and Cloud Technologies (20 Questions)
OPERATING SYSTEMS OVERVIEW – Computer System Overview – Basic Elements, Instruction
Execution, Interrupts, Memory Hierarchy, Cache Memory, Direct Memory Access, Multiprocessor and
Multicore Organization. Operating system overview – objectives and functions, Evolution of Operating
System – Computer System Organization – Operating System Structure and Operations –System Calls,
System Programs, OS Generation and System Boot – PROCESS MANAGEMENT – Processes – Process
Concepts, Process Scheduling, Operations on Processes, Interprocess Communication; Threads –
Overview, Multicore Programming, Multithreading Models; Thread and SMP Management. Process
Synchonization – Critical Section Problem, Mutex Locks, Semaphores, Monitors; CPU Scheduling and
Deadlocks – STORAGE MANAGEMENT – Main Memory – Contiguous Memory – Allocation,
Segmentation, Paging, 32 and 64 bit architecture Examples; Virtual Memory – Demand Paging, Page
Replacement, Allocation, Thrashing; Allocating Kernel Memory, OS Examples – I/O SYSTEMS – Mass
Storage Structure – Overview, Disk Scheduling and Management; File System Storage – File Concepts,
Directory and Disk Structure, Sharing and Protection; File System Implementation – File System Structure,
Directory Structure, Allocation Methods, Free space Management; I/O Systems.
Distributed Systems: Distributed System Models-Distributed Communications-Global States-Causal
Ordering of Events-Distributed Mutual Exclusion Algorithms-Deadlock detection in Distributed Systems-
Consensus and Agreement Algorithms
Cloud Technologies: Cloud Characteristics-Cloud Service and Deployment Models-Virtualization-Virtual
Machines-Server, Network and Storage Virtualization-Hypervisor-Cloud Security Requirements-Threats:
Malicious Attacks-Events and Alerts- Security Information and Event Management - Hadoop –Map Reduce
Technique.

Unit VII: Software Engineering (15 Questions)

SOFTWARE PROCESS AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT: Introduction to Software Engineering, Software
Process, Perspective and Specialized Process Models - Software Project Management: Estimation – LOC
and FP Based Estimation, COCOMO Model – Project Scheduling – Scheduling, Earned Value Analysis –
Risk Management – Introduction to Agility - Agile Process - Extreme Programming - XP Process -
REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS AND SPECIFICAION – Software Requirement: Functional and Non
– functional, User requirements, System requirement, Software Requirements - Document – Requirement
Engineering Process : feasibility Studies, Requirements elicitation and analysis, requirements validation,
requirements management – Classical analysis: Structured system Analysis, Petri Nets – Data Dictionary
- SOFTWARE DESIGN –Design process design Concepts – Design Model – Design Heuristic –
Architectural Design – Architectural styles, architectural Design, Architectural mapping using dataflow –
User Interface Design: Interface Analysis, Interface design – Component level Design: Designing Class
based components, Traditional Components –TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION –Software testing
fundamental – Internal and external views of Testing – white box testing – basis path testing - control
structure testing – black box testing – Regression Testing – Unit Testing – Integration Testing – Validation
Testing – System Testing and Debugging – Software Implementation Techniques : Coding practices –
Refactoring –PROJECT MANAGEMENT –Cost Estimation – FP Based, LOC Based, Make /Buy Decision,
COCOMO II – Planning – Project Plan, Planning Process, RFP Risk Management – Identification,
Projection, RMMM – Scheduling and Tracking – Relationship between people and effort, Task Set &
Network, Scheduling, EVA – Process and Project Metrics - DEVOPS Essentials - Build Model Using
MAVEN - Building DEVOPS using Azure.

Unit VIII: Web Technology and Mobile Application Development (20 Questions)
SCRIPTING LANGUAGES – Web page designing using HTML, Scripting basics – Client side and
server side scripting. Java Script – Object, names, literals, operators and expressions – statements and
features – events – windows –documents – frames – date types – built-in functions – Browser object model
– Verifying forms – HTML5 – CSS3 – HTML 5 canvas – Web site creation using tools – Event Handling-
PhP Scripting - JAVA PROGRAMMING – Features of java – Data types, variables and arrays – Operators
– Control statements – Classes and Methods – Inheritance. Packages and Interfaces – Exception Handling
– Multithreaded Programming – Input / Output – files – Utility Classes – String Handling – JDBC – JDBC
Overview –JDBC implementation – Connection class – Statements – Catching Database Results, handling
database Queries. Networking – Inet Address class – URL class – TCP sockets – UDP sockets, Java

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Beans –RMI. Introducing AWT and Swing: Working with Windows Graphics and Text. Using Controls,
Layout Managers and Menus – Event Handling. Servlet – life cycle of a servlet. The Servlet API, Handling
HTTP Request and Response, Using Cookies, Session Tracking - MVC Architecture – Nodejs - Events
– Listeners – Timers - Callbacks – Handling Data - Implementing HTTP Service in Nodejs – NOSQL –
MongoDB – Frameworks – SPRING – MERN – MEAN – Flutter.
Mobile Application Development – J2ME Architecture – Configurations and Profiles – Mobile Information
Device Profile (MIDP) – MIDlets.

Unit IX: Computer Networks and Security (20 Questions)

NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS & LINK LAYER – Building a network- requirements – Layering and
protocols – Internet Architecture – Network software – Performance; Link layer Services – Framing –
Error Detection – Flow control – MEDIA ACCESS & INTERNETWORKING – Media access control-
Ethernet (802.3) – wireless LANs - 802.11 – Bluetooth – switching and bridging – Basic Internetworking
(IP, CIDR, ARP, DHCP, ICMP)- ROUTING – Routing (RIP, OSPF, metrics) – Switch basics – Global
Internet (Areas, BGP, IPv6), Multicast – addresses – multicast routing (DVMRP, PIM) - TRANSPORT
LAYER – Overview of Transport layer – UDP- Reliable byte stream (TCP) – Connection management –
Flow control – Retransmission – TCP Congestion control – Congestion avoidance (DECbit, RED) – QoS
– Application requirements – APPLICATION LAYER - Traditional applications - Electronic Mail (SMTP,
POP3, IMAP,MIME) HTTP –Web Services - DNS –SNMP – Mobile Computing – Mobile Computing
Vs. wireless Networking – Mobile Computing Application – Characteristics of Mobile Computing –
Structure of Mobile Computing Applications. MAC Protocols – Wireless MAC Issues – Fixed Assignment
Schemes – Random Assignment Schemes – Reservation Based Schemes –MOBILE INTERNET
PROTOCOL AND TRANSPORT LAYER – Overview of Mobile IP- Features of Mobile IP- Key Mechanism
in Mobile IP – Route Optimization. Overview of TCP/ IP – Architecture of TCP/ IP – adaptation of TCP
Window – Improvement in TCP Performance – MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS – Ad- Hoc Basic
Concepts – Characteristics – Applications – Design Issues – Routing – Essential of Traditional Routing
Protocols – Popular Routing Protocols – Vehicular AdHoc networks (VANET)- MANET Vs VANET –
Security – Cryptographic Algorithms – Caesar Cipher – Hill Cipher – Vignere cipher – LFSR Sequences
– Number Theory –GCD –Chinese Remainder Theorem – Fermat’s Theorem and Euler’s Theorem –
Symmetric key Cryptography – DES – AES Algorithms – Public key algorithms – RSA – Diffe –Hellman
Algorithm – ElGamal System – Elliptic Key Cryptography – Digital Signatures – Digital Certificates –
Hashing – MD5 – SHA1 – Key Management – Kerberos –PKI –IP Security – Email Security – SSL – SET
–OS Security – Database Security.

Unit X: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Data Science (20 Questions)
Artificial Intelligence: Problem Solving Agents-Search Algorithms- Uninformed Search strategies -
Heuristics Search Strategies-Local Search and Optimization Problems-Adversarial Search – Constraint
Satisfaction Problem (CSP)-Logics-Propositional Logic-First Order Logic- Reasoning: Probabilistic
Reasoning
Machine Learning: Types of Learning-Linear Regression Models and Types - Logistic Regression-
Bayesian Linear Regression - Gradient Descent- Linear Classification Models - Discriminant Functions -
Probabilistic Discriminative Models-Probabilistic Generative Models- SVM - Decision Tree - Naïve Bayes-
Bayesian Modelling - Ensembling-Bagging and Boosting – Stacking - Random Forest - Clustering-
Gaussian Mixture Models - Expectation Maximization Algorithm - K Means - Probabilistic Graphical Models
– HMM - Bayesian Inference - Neural Network - Multi Layer Perceptron - Feed forward Neural Networks -
Back Propagation - Regularization
Data Science: Types of Data and Variables - Describing Data - Describing Relationships – Statistical
Testing-Python Libraries for Data Wrangling – NumPY – Pandas – SciPy – Scikit-learn - Data Visualization
– Matplotlib – Seaborn – Keras - Tensor Flow.

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 8. Criminology, Forensic Science, Psychology and Philosophy
(Degree Standard)
Code.571

Unit I: Sociology and Psychology of Crime (20 Questions)

Anomie – Merton and Durkheim, Culture Conflict, Sub-culture theories. Theory of Imitation – Gaberial
Tarde, Differential Association Theory, Drift and Neutralisation Theory, Translation Criminology, on-set
and Influence of Drugs and Alcohol on children behavior. Vagrant and Truant children – Legal controls.
Victimless crimes: Alcoholism, Drug Addiction, Beggary, Commercial Sex, Suicide, Delinquency. Anti-
social Behavior.

Unit II: Family centered & Community Influences - Crimes against children and women under Indian
Law (20 Questions)
Dowry, domestic violence, child abuse – Physical, Social, Sexual, Emotional and Neglect. Interreligion and
Inter-caste tensions and conflicts. Honour killing, Hate crimes and Blasphemy. Fundamental Rights under
constitution of India. Rights of person in custody. The protection of Human Rights Act, Protection of
Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO). The Immoral Trafficking Prevention Act, 1956 (Amended
2006) – Child Marriage Act.

Unit III: Women and Juvenile Institutions with relevant legislations and International Guidelines
(20 Questions) Women Institutions: Vigilance Home, Protective Home children in conflict with law;
children and vulnerability. Juvenile Justice Board, Child Welfare Committee, Observation Homes, Juvenile
Justice (Care and Protection of children) Act, 2015. Juvenile Homes, Special Homes, Fit institutions,
Juvenile Aftercare Services, Juvenile Police Unit, Probation of Offenders Act and Parole. 3-R’s
Rehabilitation of punishment, Reformation and Reintegration. United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for
Juvenile Justice (Beijing Rules) and United Nations (Riyadh) Guidelines. Convention of the Rights of the
Children, Prevention of Delinquency.

Unit IV: Crime Prevention and Victim Assistance (20 Questions)

Crime prevention; Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. Neighborhood involvement, Situational crime
prevention, crime prevention through Environmental Design and Defensible space. United Nation
Declaration of Basic principles of Justice for victims of Crime and Abuse of power, 1985. Impact of
victimization – Physical, financial and psychological resilience, post – traumatic stress, growth, anger and
aggression management, Repeat victimization, routine activities theory, life style exposure. Restitution and
Restorative Justice.

Unit V: Forensic Science and Toxicology (20 Questions)

Forensic Science – Definition – Physical evidences – their classification and significance – Locard’s
Principle of Exchange Toxicology – classification and mode of action of poisons – narcotic drugs –
alcoholic beverages – Isolation and Identification of poisons, drugs and alcohol. Drugs: Pharmacological
actions, therapeutic uses and screening tests of the following drugsopium alkaloids-morphine, heroin,
antibiotics synthetic analgesics phenothiazines, meprobamate, diazepam pethidine, methadone
barbiturates stimulants tranquilizers amphetaminies, imipramines hallucinogens cannabinoids, LSD
hyhpnosis and sedatives antipyretics, analgesic, antiseptics and disinfectants - Alcohol manufacture of
ethyl alcohol and liquors constituents of liquors estimation of alcohol contents in liquors denaturation,
denaturants, industrial alcohol and power alcohol.
Definition of poisons - Mode of action of poisons - Extraction and purification of poisons in toxicological
analysis - Volatile poisons – metallic poisons - non-volatile organic poisons - water soluble compounds -
protein precipitation methods. Estimation of the following poisons Carbon monoxide, cyanide,
formaldehyde, methanol, chloral, chloroform, phenols, cresols, phosphorus and amphetemines Signs and
symptoms of H2SO4, HNO3, CO2, H2 S poisoning. Analytical methods for the estimation of ethyl alcohol.
Metallic poison-signs, symptoms of arsenic, mercury, lead and copper - Reinch test - Marsch Berzelius
and Gutzeit tests volumetric, colorimetric and instrumental methods of analysis of the above metals.
Pesticides & Insecticides Definition - general propertics poisonous nature - detection & isolation.

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Unit VI: Forensic Biology (20 Questions)
Examination of biological fluids - blood, semen and saliva stains – forensic characterization of the above
stains – stain patterns of blood - Examination of fibres, hair, bones, teeth and skull – Fundamentals of
DNA Typing. Forensic Anthropology - Anthropometry and its uses - Biochemical and Molecular
Techniques: Blood and is composition – WBC, RBC and Platelets. Blood clotting, Blood grouping -
Antigens and Immunoglobins – Classes and functions. Collection and Preservation of Biological fluids
[Blood, Semen and Saliva] - Isolation of DNA from blood sample, and DNA Typing - Ethnobotany – Ethno
Medicinal Plant, Narcotic Plant

Unit VII: Introduction to Psychology (20 Questions)

Psychology – Branches - Biological Bases of Behaviour – Brain, Nervous System – Heredity –
Environment – Developmental Stages – Childhood - Adolescence – Adulthood – Attention – Kinds of
Attention – Perception – Illusion – Consciousness – Sleeping – Consciousness altering drugs – Memory
– Memory Models - Types of memory – Forgetting – Thinking – Intelligence – Theories of Intelligence -
Emotional Intelligence – Intelligent Quotient (IQ) - Creativity – Theories of Creativity – Motivation – Drives
– Classification of Motivation - Motives – Affiliation – Aggression – Emotion – Biological Basis – Theories
of Emotions.

Unit VIII: Health, Social and Wellbeing Psychology (20 Questions)

Health Psychology – Behavioural and Psychological correlates of illness – Stress and coping – Managing
Stress – Personality – Types of Personality – Projective Techniques – Adjustment – Models of Adjustment
- Mental Disorders – Abnormality – Diagnosis – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM) – International Classification of Diseases (ICD) – Anxiety Disorder – Mood Disorder – Dissociative
and Somatoform disorders – Schizophrenia, Psychotherapies – Mental Hygiene - Yoga and Meditation –
Social Behaviour – Prejudice – Social Influence – Prosocial Behaviour – Group – Group Behaviour – Inter
group relation.

Unit IX: Indian Philosophy (20 Questions)

Hetrodox: Carvaka – Epistemology, Metaphysics and Ethics; Jainism – Bondage and liberation, Triratna
and Panchamaha Vratas, Sects of Jainism – Svetambara and Digambara; Buddhism – Four noble truths,
Eight fold path, Sects of Buddhism – Hinayana and Mahayana. Orthodox: Nyaya – Theory of knowledge;
Vaisesika – Theory of Atomism; Samkhya – Theory of Evolution, Theory of Causation; Yoga – Astanga
Yoga; Purua Mimamsa – Theory of Knowledge; Vedanta – Advaita – Maya, Brahman & concept of
liberation; Visistadvaita – world, God and liberation; Dvaita – Doctrine of Panchabedha.

Unit X: Logic and Ethics (20 Questions)

a) Logic: Nature and classification of Terms and Propositions, Laws of Thought, Square of Opposition,
Obversion & Conversion – Rules of Categorical Syllogism with fallacies; Mixed Syllogism – Hypothetical,
Disjunctive and Dilemma. Difference between Deduction and Induction, Problems of Induction Stages of
Scientific Induction, Characteristics of Hypothesis, Observation and Experiment.

b) Ethics: Rna – Rta; Karma; Purusharthas; Varnashrama Dharma; Ethics of Buddhism, Jainism and
Bhagavad Gita. Hedonism, Utilitarianism of Bentham and J.S. Mill, Intuitionism of Butler, Kant’s
Categorical Imperative, Bradley’s – My Station and its Duties.

9. Electrical and Electronics Engineering

(Degree Standard)
Code: 400
Unit I: Electrical Circuits (25 Questions)
Circuit elements – Kirchoff’s Laws – Mesh and Nodal Analysis – Network Theorems and Applications for
DC and AC circuits: Thevenin’s Theorem, Norton’s Theorem, Superposition Theorem, Maximum Power
Transfer Theorem – Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis of RL–RC-RLC Circuits - Resonant Circuits –Natural
and Forced Response – Transient Response of RL-RC-RLC Circuits – Two – port networks – Three Phase
Circuits – Star - delta transformation – real and reactive power – power factor

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Unit II: Electric and Magnetic Fields (20 Questions)
Coulomb's Law – Electric Field Intensity – Electric Flux Density - Gauss's Law – Divergence – Electric
Field and Potential due to Point, Line, Plane and Spherical Charge Distributions – Effect of Dielectric
Medium – Capacitance of Simple Configurations – Magnetic Circuits – Magneto motive force – Reluctance
- Faraday’s laws - Lenz’s law – Biot ‐ Savart’s law - Ampere’s law - Fleming’s Left and Right Hand Rule –
Lorentz force – Inductance – Self and Mutual Inductance – Dot Convention – Coupled Circuits

Unit III: Measurements and Instrumentation (20 Questions)

Units and Standards – Static and Dynamic Characteristics – Types of Errors – Error Analysis –
Measurement of Current, Voltage, Power, Power – factor and Energy – Indicating instruments –
Measurement of Resistance, Inductance, Capacitance and Frequency – Bridge Measurements –
Instrument Transformers – Electronic Measuring Instruments – Multi meters – True RMS meter – Spectrum
Analyzer – Power Quality Analyser – Recording Instruments - X-Y Recorder –Magnetic Recorders – Digital
Data Recorder – Oscilloscopes – DSO – LED and LCD Display – Transducers and their applications to
the Measurement of Non –Electrical Quantities like Temperature, Pressure, Flow-rate, Displacement,
Acceleration, Noise level – Data Acquisition Systems – A/D and D/A Converters –Data Transmission
Systems – PLC – smart meters

Unit IV: Control Systems (15 Questions)

Mathematical Modelling of Physical Systems – Transfer Function - Block Diagrams and Signal Flow
Graphs and their Reduction using Mason’s Rule –Time Domain and Frequency Domain Analysis of Linear
Time Invariant (LTI) System – Errors for Different Type of Inputs and Stability Criteria for Feedback
Systems –Stability Analysis Using Routh – Hurwitz Array – Nyquist Plot and Bode Plot – Root Locus–Gain
and Phase Margin – Basic Concepts of Compensator Design –PI, PD and PID Controllers – State Variable
formulation – state transition matrix –Eigen values and Eigen vectors – free and forced responses of Time
Invariant systems –controllability and observability.

Unit V: Electrical Machines (25 Questions)

D.C. Machines – Construction, Excitation methods – Armature Reaction and Commutation –
Characteristics and Performance Analysis – Generators and Motors – Starting, Speed Control and braking
– Testing – Losses and Efficiency. Transformers – Types – Construction and Operation – Testing –
Equivalent Circuits – Losses and Efficiency – All day efficiency – Regulation – Parallel Operation –Three
Phase Transformers – Auto-transformer. Induction Machines – Construction, Principle of operation –
Rotating Magnetic Field – Performance, Torque – Speed Characteristics, No-load and Blocked Rotor tests,
Equivalent Circuit –Starting, Speed Control and braking – Single-Phase Induction Motors –Linear Induction
Motors – Hysteresis Motors – Reluctance Motors. Synchronous Machines –Construction – Operating
characteristics and Performance analysis –Efficiency and Voltage regulation – Parallel operation – V and
inverted V curves of synchronous motors – Power factor improvement – permanent magnet synchronous
motor –Permanent magnet brushless dc motor – stepper motor

Unit VI: Power Systems (30 Questions)

Single Line Diagram of Power System – Per Unit Quantities –Power Generation Types - Hydro, Thermal
and Nuclear Stations – Pumped storage plants –Co generation – Economic and operating factors –
Modelling and performance characteristics of Power transmission lines and Cables - HVDC transmission
–Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines - Sag – Insulators - ZBus and YBus formulation – Load flow
studies – Shunt and Series Compensation –Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Faults Analysis – Transient
and Steady – State Stability of Power Systems – Equal Area Criterion – Voltage and Frequency Control –
Power System Transients – Power System Protection – Circuit Breakers – Relays classification of
protection schemes - overcurrent, distance, differential and carrier – Equipment protection - transformer,
generator, motor, busbars and transmission line – AC and DC Distribution – deregulation –energy
conservation and energy auditing

Unit VII: Analog and Digital Electronics (15 Questions)

Semiconductor Devices – PN junctions – Transistors – FET – Zener, Photo diodes and their applications
– Rectifier circuits – Voltage regulators – Multipliers. Biasing circuits – Small signal amplifiers – Frequency

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response – Multi stage amplifiers –Coupling methods – Large signal amplifiers – Push-pull amplifiers –
Feedback amplifiers – Oscillators – Operational amplifiers and its applications – Precision rectifiers – Multi
vibrators – Voltage Controlled Oscillator -Timer.Digitallogicgatefamilies(DTL,TTL,ECL,MOS,CMOS)–
Logicgates-Simplification of Logic Functions – Design of Combinational circuits – Sequential logic circuits
–latch – Flipflops – Counters – Registers – multiplexers and demultiplexers –Schmitt triggers – Memories
(ROM,PLA and FPGA).

Unit VIII: Power Electronics and Drives (15 Questions)

Principle of Operation and Static and dynamic behavior of Power Semi conductor devices – Power Diode,
DIAC, SCR, TRIAC, GTO, MOSFET and IGBT – Single and Three Phase AC to DC Converters –
uncontrolled and controlled rectifiers –performance parameters – Single and Three Phase AC to AC
converters – Switched Mode Power Supplies – buck, boost and buck-boost converter topologies –
switching losses – Inverters – Single and Three Phase Inverters – Voltage control –Pulse Width Modulation
techniques – harmonic elimination techniques –Uninterrupted Power Supplies – Electrical drives – motor
load dynamics – load torque characteristics – Speed Control of DCD rives – Converter/Chopper fed dc
motor drives – Speed control of AC drives – induction motor drives – stator voltage control and V/f control-
synchronous motor drives - V/f control, self control, margin angle control and power factor control

Unit IX: Digital Processors and Communication (10 Questions)

Architecture of 8085, 8086 and 8051 – Instruction Sets – Assembly Language Programming – Interfacing
for memory and I/O: 8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface – 8253 Programmable Timer Interface –
8279 Programmable Keyboard and Display Interface – 8257 Direct Memory Access Interface – Embedded
processors (ARM and PIC basics only). Classification of Signals and systems –Properties of Discrete
Fourier Transforms - FFT Computation – FIR Filters–IIR Filters: Butterworth Filters – Chebyshev Filters.
Digital Communication Systems: Pulse Code Modulation and Demodulation –Adaptive Delta Modulation
– Frequency Division and Time Division Multiplexing –Data Communication Network Topologies -7-layer
OSI Protocol - IoT concepts

Unit X: Renewable Energy Sources and Storage Devices (25 Questions)

Renewable Energy – Sources and Features – Solar Radiation Spectrum – Radiation Measurement – Solar
Photovoltaic Cell – principle of operation – types – MPPT – Microhydel – Operating principle – Wind Energy
– components –wind power turbine types – MPPT – Site Selection – Types of Wind Generators – smart
grid –Electric vehicles - V2G and G2V – Fuel Cells – Batteries – types and characteristics – Super
Capacitors.

10. Environmental and Chemical Engineering

(PG Degree Standard)
Code: 393

Unit I: Environmental Policy, Environmental Legislations and Environmental Impact Assessment

(25 Questions)
National Environment Policy - International Conventions and Obligations, International treaties of
Environment-Water (P&C) Act, 1974 as amended - Air (P&C) Act, 1981 as amended - Environmental
Protection Act, 1986 with amendments and Rules and Notifications made under Environmental
(Protection) Act, 1986 for the management of hazardous waste, solid waste, e-waste, bio-medical waste,
plastic waste,
C & D wastes, battery waste etc., EIA - Notification, Methodology, models, Environmental Monitoring and
Management Plan, Public consultations as per EIA Notification.

Unit II: Environmental Chemistry and Environmental Microbiology (15 Questions)

Chemical mass balance – Emission calculations – Green Chemistry principles –Aquatic Chemistry -
Atmospheric Chemistry and Soil chemistry – Representative sample collection techniques- Field and lab
analysis - Wet and Instrumentation Methods - Chemical speciation, Classification and Characteristics of
microorganisms - Microorganisms in wastewater and air - Applications of microorganisms in wastewater
treatment and soil remediation.

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Unit III: Principles & Design of Physico-Chemical treatment of Wastewater (20 Questions)
Water Quality criteria and indices - Wastewater characteristics - Unit operations - Principles and design of
screens, grit chamber, skimming tanks - Flow equalisation and neutralisation - Aeration and gas transfer
mechanisms – Sedimentation -Types of settling – analysis and Design of Sedimentation tanks - Process
and design of filtration systems - Adsorption, ion exchange, electro-coagulation, Electrodialysis, reverse
osmosis – RO reject Management - Disinfection.

Unit IV: Principles and Design of Biological Treatment of Waste water (25 Questions)
Types of Reactors - Mass Balance Analysis - Reaction and Reaction rates - Suspended growth process -
Role of microorganism - Growth kinetics, oxidation, modelling, mCRT, F/M Ratio, Bio kinetic coefficients -
Design of activated sludge process, Plug flow Reactor, Aerated lagoon - Oxygen Requirement, transfer of
oxygen, Equipments- Secondary clarifier, Sludge Volume Index, Sludge production, Operation and
maintenance, Attached growth process - Trickling filter - process, substrate removal, classification, design,
NRC, Rankine’s and Eccenfelder equation - Rotating Biological contactors - UASB - Sludge digestion -
sludge management – Advanced Biological Treatment – SBR, MBR, ANSBR.

Unit V: Air and Noise pollution Control (15 Questions)

Sources and Effects – Classification - Photochemical reactions, Atmospheric Stability - Lapse Rates,
Inversions, Plume Behaviour -Pollutant Dispersion, Emission Standards and Air Quality Standards, Air
Quality Index, Methods of Pollutant Sampling and Measurement, Continuous emission and Air Quality
monitoring. Control Methods for Particulate Emissions, Black carbon and Gaseous Pollutants; Indoor Air
Pollution, Automobile Pollution-Emission Norms and Control Techniques, Source apportionment studies,
Noise Pollution – Source – Effects – Standards - Measurement and Control Measures - Industrial Noise
Measurement and control.

Unit VI: Solid and Hazardous Waste Management (25 Questions)

Sources, generation rate, classification and characteristics - source segregation and storage - methods of
collection - transportation - route optimisation – treatment –Incineration, Pyrolysis, Composting, MBT and
Landfilling, Bioremediation ,Bioaccumulations - disposal – Coprocess - Centralised and de-centralised
processing - Landfill design and operation - Dumpsite rehabilitation, Management of hazardous waste,
biomedical waste, plastic waste, construction and demolition wastes and E waste - Resource recovery,
recycle, reuse and product development from waste.

Unit VII: Statistical Approach and Modelling of Environmental Systems (15 Questions)
Principles of Environmental modelling, Statistical approach, model building, environmental models, Data
Sampling – Distributions – Inference - Estimation – Hypothesis Testing, Calibration, Validation, and
Sensitivity Analysis. Types of air quality models-dispersion and emission models, chemical and ecological
models, Pollutant and nutrient dynamics. Operational control of wastewater treatment processes, microbial
dynamics calculations, Surface and ground water Modeling.

Unit VIII: Industrial Pollution Prevention and Cleaner Production Technologies (25 Questions)
Industrial Manufacturing process description, Wastewater Characteristics, Source reduction, Treatment
and disposal, key issues emerging contamination and pollution control measures for highly polluting
industries such as Paper and Pulp, Sugar, Distillery, Chemical plants - Metal finishing, Iron and Steel,
fertilizer, Meat packing, Poultry plant - Automobile - Thermal power plants, Cement Plants, Textile dying,
Tanneries, Pharmaceutical, pesticides, petroleum refinery and petrochemicals - Integrated Waste
Management for zero discharge, Cleaner production process including process modification, raw material
substitution - Recycle and reuse of waste.

Unit IX: Environmental Safety and Risk Assessment (15 Questions)

Health and Safety systems in work places. Hierarchy of control measures for occupational health risks.
Accident, causes, mechanical and electrical hazards and preventive steps. Role of personal protective
equipment and the selection criteria. Significance of human factors in the establishment emergency
preparedness. Qualitative and quantitative risk assessment- Hazard identification and control, Hazard
assessment, Overall risk contours for different failure scenarios – disaster management plan –

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Safety measures design in process operations. Ergonomics effects on humans. Inspections and audits,
safety policies, EHS issues.

Unit X: Sustainable Development, Environmental Management and Economics and Global,

Regional and Local Environmental Issues (20 Questions)
Sustainable Development Principles - International Conventions and treaties-Sustainable Development
Goals and Indicators, Environmental Management Systems – ISO 14001, 19000 - Environmental Auditing
– Ecolabelling- Life cycle Assessment-Design for Environment, Economics of pollution prevention - Cost
Benefit Analysis - Circular economy - Economic instruments for environmental protection - Pollutant tax
and emission trading - Natural resource economics, green building concepts.

11. Environmental Science, Biology and Chemistry

(PG Degree Standard)
Code: 557
Unit I: Introduction to Environment (30 Questions)
Environment: Components – Segments – Atmosphere: Troposphere – Stratosphere – Mesosphere –
Thermosphere – Lithosphere: Crust – Mantle – Core – Hydrosphere: Fresh water and saline water -
Biosphere – Ecology: Autecology – Synecology – Ecosystem: Structure and Function – Energy Flow –
Food Chain – Food web – Ecological pyramids – Biogeochemical cycles (C,N, P, S and water) - Ecological
successions: Primary and Secondary succession – Ecological interactions: Symbiosis - Commensalism –
Mutualism - Proto-cooperation – Amensalism – Predation – Parasitism – Natural resources: Classification-
renewable and non-renewable - Status and challenges. Water resources: Types – Availability – Issues -
Conflicts over water. Soil and mineral resources - Mineral exploitation and Environmental impacts; Forest
resources. Energy resources: Conventional and Non-conventional energy - Sustainable development:
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Unit II: Environmental Pollution and Management (30 Questions)

Pollution – Pollutant – Contamination – Contaminant - Point and non-point sources. Air pollution: Sources
- Primary and secondary pollutants - Criteria pollutants – VOCs – PAN - PAHs - POPs - Acid rain – Smog
– Oxidizing - Reducing. Air Pollution dispersion models: Looping – Coning – Lofting – Trapping - Indoor air
pollution –Effects. Control Measures: Scrubbers – Wet – Dry – Venturi – Filter – Bag filters – Dehumidifier-
Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) – Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD). Cyclonic separators – Catalytic
converter. Noise pollution: Sources – Effects – Control measures. Water pollution: Sources – Effects –
Eutrophication – Biomagnification – Bioaccumulation – Control Measure – Waste water treatments –
Primary – Secondary –Tertiary – Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) – Sewage Treatment Plant
(STP) – Constructed Wetlands. Soil pollution: Sources – Effects – Control measure – Bioremediation –
Microbial remediation – Phytoremediation - Heavy Metal Pollution – Hg - Cr – As – Se – Cd - Pb - Sources
– Effects - Thermal and Radioactive pollution - Municipal solid waste - Hazardous waste – Biomedical
waste – Effects - Control measures – Incineration – Pyrolysis - Gasification – Composting – Ecotoxicology:
Toxicant – Toxicity – Acute – Subacute – Chronic - Dose descriptor – LD50 – LC50 – NOAEL- Dose
response relationship- Fate of Chemical in environment: Insecticides Fungicides – Herbicides – Fertilizers
– PCB - Dioxins. Land degradation- deforestation- desertification – urbanization- Ozone layer depletion –
Greenhouse Gases and Climate change – Meteorological indicators - Remote Sensing and GIS for
environmental Management – National river conservation plan – Carbon sequestration and carbon credits.

Unit III: Environmental Legislation, Policies and Standards (25 Questions)

Introduction to environmental laws - Constitutional provisions- Article 48A, Article 51A (g) – Article 21-
Major Indian Environmental Legislations: Water Act - Air Act - Environment Protection Act – Environmental
Protection Rules - Noise Pollution Rules – Biodiversity Act - Plastic and Solid waste management Rules –
National Green Tribunal Act – Bio Medical Waste Management Rules – The E- Waste Management Rules
– Hazardous and Other Wastes(Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules- Environmental
Impact Assessment Notification – Coastal Regulation Zone Notification. Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB) - Environmental standards – Drinking water standards (IS 10500:2012)- Discharge of Industrial
Effluents into inland – Public sewers – Irrigation – Marine – Standards for sewage treatment plants –

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Designated best use water quality criteria. National Ambient Air Quality standards – Noise standards -
National Green Tribunal – Environmental Impact Assessment: Screening- Scoping- Public consultation –
Methodologies – Environmental management plan- ISO 14000 series – Life cycle assessment –
Occupational health and safety: Preventive measures – Health screening measures.

Unit IV: Instrumentation and It’s Applications (30 Questions)

Basic Principles, Instrumentation and applications of Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis.) spectroscopy; Beer-
Lambert’s law, solution preparation and small molecules analysis and Flow Injection analyzer - Fourier
Transformer Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR): sample preparation - functional group analysis, Flame
spectrometry, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry
(ICP-MS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), Fluorimetry –
Chemiluminescence’s Detector system, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XFS), Microscopy techniques:
(fundamentals only) Optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Transmission Electron
Microscopy (TEM).
Chromatographic Techniques: Basic Principles, Instrumentation and applications of chromatography –
Paper chromatography, Thin layer chromatography (TLC), High-performance Liquid chromatography
(HPLC) and Gas chromatography (GC), Gas-Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).
Electrochemical Techniques: Basic Principles, Instrumentation and application of conductometry,
potentiometry – Ion selective meter – Voltammetry – Turbidimetry and nephelometry, Elemental analyzer,
TOC analyzer, Portable Gas analysis, ambient air quality H2S, CO2, SO2, NO2, NH3, O3, HC Particulate
analysis, Stack monitoring, Volatile organic Carbon (VOC).

Unit V: Analytical chemistry (30 Questions)

Titrimetric Analysis: Classification of reaction in titrimetric analysis – Standard Solutions – Normality,
Molarity and Molality - concentration units – Primary and Secondary standard – neutralization indicators –
self indicators and external indicators- acid base titrations – precipitation titrations – redox titrations.
Principles of gravimetric analysis – choice of precipitants and condition of precipitation, specific and
selective precipitants – Dimethyl glyoxime (DMG), cupferron, phenolphthalein, salicylaldehyde, ethylene
diamine – Co-precipitation and post precipitation.
Sampling techniques and procedure for solids, effluent, water and air - Physical evaluation of water; color,
odour and turbidity. Chemical examination of water; alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity and
total hardness. Determination of carbonates, bicarbonates, sulphates, chlorides, nitrates, phosphate,
fluorides – sodium, potassium, SAR, iron, manganese, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and arsenic –
oil and grease. Biological evaluation of water; dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical
oxygen demand - organic pollutant and microbiological analysis.

Unit VI: Environmental Biology (10 Questions)

Physiology: Water relations of plants, Ion Transport, photosynthesis, Photolysis of water, Carbon fixation
in C3-C4 cycles, Biological Nitrogen fixation, Stress physiology (Biotic and Abiotic), Photochemical
reactions, Oxidative Phosphorylation. Biodiversity - Biodiversity and its distribution; Levels and types;
Hotspots; Biodiversity loss - Threats to biodiversity - In-situ and ex-situ conservation approaches -
Biosphere reserves – MAB program - Pollution indicator organisms and adaptive mechanisms in
invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles and birds. Biophysics: Laws of Thermodynamics, Energy
transduction in biological systems. Migration of fishes, birds and mammals. Endangered and extinct
species - current status – IUCN Red list category.

Unit VII: Biochemistry Aspects of Pollution (10 Questions)

Introduction to Pollution and Biochemistry: Disruption of Biochemical Pathways by Pollutants. Carcinogens
and Environmental Pollution: Definition and Types of Carcinogens, Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis -
Oxidative Stress, Common Environmental Carcinogens. Biochemical Markers for Carcinogenesis:
Asbestos Toxicity - Heavy metal toxicity: Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Arsenic and their Biochemical Effects
- Mechanisms of Toxicity: Free Radicals, Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants. Role of Blood Tests in Detecting
Pollutant Exposure: Effect of pollutants on human health. Pathways for Detoxification: Phase I and Phase
II Detoxification.

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Unit VIII: Environmental Microbiology (15 Questions)
Environmentally transmitted Microbial Pathogens (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pyogenes,
Salmonella typhi, E.coli, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridium botulinum), Viruses (Enteric and Respiratory),
Indicator Microorganisms – Total and Faecal Coliforms, Faecal Streptococci. Biofouling and Biofilms;
Microbial toxicants (Tetanus toxin, Botulinum toxin), Aflatoxin, Waste water treatment (Aerobic and
anaerobic) – Waste conversion using microorganisms - Biofertilizer – Important plant diseases caused by
Bacteria, Mycoplasma, Virus, Fungi and Nematodes – Biocontrol agents – Integrated pest management.
Microbial Biotechnology – Fermentation technology – fermentation as a biochemical process –
Bioconversion: Production of Alcoholic beverages, Antibiotics, Amino acids, Vitamins and Organic Acids –
Single Cell Protein production (SCP).

Unit IX: Marine Environment (15 Questions)

Fundamentals of marine biology: Physical chemical properties of seawater-Chemical Properties-Vertical
stratification- horizontal stratification of marine ecosystem-Marine Ecosystems: coastal; pelagic; and
estuaries; deep sea; coral reefs; mangroves; sea grass meadows. Microorganisms; invertebrates;
vertebrates; marine plants; Turtles seabirds and marine mammals. Marine protected areas; conservation
strategies; IUCN categories. Human Impacts, disaster and its management: sea ranching; Artificial reef.
Marine Pollution and management: point and non-point source pollution; oil pollution; plastic pollution;
microplastic pollution; heavy metal pollution; nutrient pollution, pesticide pollution; PHC pollutions, thermal
pollution, nuclear pollution ballast waters and its impact.

Unit X: Biostatistics (5 Questions)

Biostatistics: Sampling techniques, Central Values (Mean, Mode, Median), Dispersion: absolute relative
probability: Binomial Properties, Problems, Fitting Positions, Normal, Skewness, Kurtosis, Correlations
and Regressions - Simple Linear Testing – large sample. T-test, Chi square Test – Two-way ANOVA
Experimental Design – Principles. CRD, RBD, LSD, Missing Plots – Figurative Representation (Bar
diagram, Pie chart etc).

12. Evaluation and Applied Research

(PG Degree Standard)
Code: 213
Unit I: (5 Questions)
Indian Economy – Growth and development: Agriculture: Area, Yield, Production, marketing and sales.
Rural Development – Industry: Input and output – Service Sector : Types of service sector, skilled labour,
semi skilled labour and unskilled labour – Changing Sectoral contributions – Industrial Policy Changes –
FDI – Infrastructure: Public Health – Education – drinking water – sanitation – Public transport –Banking
and financial services–housing facilities–Nutrition – Investment – Public Private Participation – Inclusive
growth. Human Development: Concepts, Trends and Issues – Employment, unemployment, under
employment and disguised unemployment – concepts, measurement and Trends – Employment in
Organized and unorganized sector – Strategies for Employment Generation. Poverty: Concepts,
measurement and Trends, Fiscal Policy – FRBM Act – Goods and Service Tax (VAT) – Fiscal Federalism
– Parallel economy in India – Inflation: Definition, trends, estimates, consequences and remedies – RBI
– Monetary and Fiscal policy – Banking Sector Reforms – India’s foreign trade, composition, direction and
recent changes in trade policy – Balance of payments – India and WTO requirements – Global Financial
Crisis and its Impact on India. Index number: Consumer price index – Whole Sale price Index. Time series
analyses-Moving average Method

Unit II: (5 Questions)

Primary data collection - Field Investigation - Census method - Sampling Method – Direct personal
observation - Interview method - Indirect oral interview - Information through agencies - Mailed
Questionnaires and scheduled sent through enumerator. Secondary data collection - Books – Journals -
Government (Ministry) Records and reports from government agencies – Bibliography – Autography -
Web site - News Paper - Periodicals, etc Evaluation and preparation of the report and components of
evaluation Report: Executive summary-background and purpose - statement of the problem - objectives
and Hypotheses – evaluation methods (Statistical methods used in the study) – result and discussion of
the result – conclusion and recommendation - reference or bibliography - appendices.
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Unit III: (10 Questions)
Econometrics - definition, methodology, Data – meaning and types of data such as cross-section, time-
series and panel data, primary & secondary data- advantages & disadvantages, Variables – meaning and
types such as quantitative and qualitative variables, measurement scales of variables such as ratio,
interval, ordinal and nominal - simple examples. Correlation – simple and multiple correlation, properties
of correlation coefficients, Karl Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients, Simple numerical
problems - Simple & multiple linear regression model – introduction, assumptions, least squares principle,
least squares estimators, properties of regression coefficients (Gauss-Markov theorem), interpretation of
regression output - R2 & adjusted R2, regression coefficients with t-values and level of significance, Simple
numerical problems - advantages of regression analysis over correlation analysis, Functional forms of
regression models – log-linear, log- lin and lin-log models and computation of elasticity, computation of
simple and compound growth rates - simple numerical examples.

Unit IV: (10 Questions)

Econometric Problems: heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity and autocorrelation – definition and
consequences. Dummy variables: definition, generation of dummy variables, problem of dummy variable
trap, cautions in using dummy variables, inclusion and interpretation of dummy variables in the regression.
Qualitative response regression models – linear probability, logit and probit models – an introduction.
Basics of time-series: additive and multiplicative models, determination of trend by free drawing, moving
average methods, and seasonal indices, definition of stationarity, tests for stationarity and transformation
of non-stationary series into stationary series.

Unit V: (5 Questions)
Compilation and Tabulation of data Collected - Classification – Types of Classification – Formulation of
discrete and continuous frequency distribution (uni-variate and Bi- variate). Pictorial Representation of
data: Bar diagrams – Pie diagrams – Histogram – Ogives and Lawrence Curve Measures of Location –
Mean, Median, Mode, Harmonic Mean and Geometric Mean – Quartiles - Measures of variation: Range,
Quartile deviation, Mean deviation, Variance and Standard deviation. Coefficient of variation, skewness
and Kurtosis. (All the calculation of measures are for both grouped and ungrouped data) Probability and
Distribution: Introduction to probability: Random Experiments, Sample Space and events, Definition of
probability. Classical, Empirical and Axiomatic approach to probability; Addition and Multiplication
Theorem, Conditional probability and Baye’s Theorem. Random Variables and Distribution function –
Mathematical Expectation and conditional Expectation. Convergence in Probability – Weak Law of large
Numbers and strong law of large Number – Central limit Theorem – Discrete distributions: Binomial,
Poisson. Continuous Distributions: Normal Distribution Chi-Square, t and F distributions and their
properties.

Unit VI: (10 Questions)

Application of Statistical Methods - Sampling Theory: Introduction to the theory of Sampling: Sampling
designs – Simple Random Sampling with and without replacement - Systematic, Stratified, Ratio and
Regression Sampling methods, Sampling and non – sampling errors – Cluster sampling, Purposive
Sampling Quota Sampling. Testing of Hypothesis: Introduction to Testing of Hypothesis: Simple, Null and
Alternative hypotheses, composite hypothesis, two kinds of Errors – Critical Region – Power
function. Testing of significance using chi-square, t and F tests. (simple problems) ANOVA - One way
and Two way classifications. Application of Statistical Methods through MS-Excel – Language : Over view
of MS-Excel: Construction of charts and diagrams – Sorting – Filtering – Removing duplicates –
Calculation of Measures of Central tendency, Measures of dispersion, correlation Regression and curve
fitting using – Excel.

Unit VII: (10 Questions)

Theory of Consumer Behavior - Utility and its measurement - Indifference curve analysis and Consumer's
surplus. Demand and supply functions - Elasticity of demand and supply - Factors affecting demand and
supply. National Income - Concepts and measurement. Classical and modern theories of Employment.
Consumption function - Investment and savings. Concept of Multiplier and Accelerator. Inflation - Nature,
Effects and controlling mechanisms. Monetary policy and Fiscal policies and Role of RBI. Types of Market
Structure - perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic. competition, oligopoly and price determination.
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Agricultural marketing - Characteristics of Agricultural products and constraints in marketing agricultural
produce. Marketable and Marketed surplus estimation. Estimation of price spread and Marketing
Efficiency. Market integration, Marketing Intelligence and Marketing Acts. Institutions in Agricultural
Marketing - Regulated Markets, Cooperatives, Commodity Boards, Contract Farming, Commodity
Exchanges, Farmers' Markets and Farmers Producers Organizations. Commission on Agricultural Costs
and Prices - Agricultural Price fixation and price support programs and policies. Price forecasting. Supply
chain Management and logistics. Development planning in India - Agriculture in five year plans. Land
tenure and reforms. Unemployment, Poverty and inequality. Food and nutritional security. Population
policies. Income distribution - Social Choice Theory - Public goods Welfare economics. Rural
Indebtedness. Financial Institutions and Credit Flow to Rural/ Priority Sector. Agricultural Lending - Direct
and Indirect Financing - Financing through Co- operatives, Commercial Banks and RRBs - Role of Lead
Bank and NABARD - District Credit Plan. Credit linked Rural Development Programs - RIDF. Micro-
Financing - Role of MFI’s, NGO's, and SHG's. Credit Inclusion – Credit Widening Credit Deepening. Risk
in agriculture and different Crop Insurance Programs - Agricultural project preparation - project cycle -
Costs and benefit analysis – Discounted and Undiscounted Measures – Sensitivity analysis. Technical
feasibility of economic viability of projects. Use of Network techniques – Project monitoring and evaluation.
Forms of production functions – Returns to scale vs Economies of scale. Cost of cultivation vs Cost of
Production – Cost concepts – Fixed Cost, Variable cost, Average Cost and Marginal cost. Efficiency
Measures – Technical and Economic Efficiency. Financial statements and ratio analysis. Partial and
complete budgeting and their applications.

Unit VIII: (15 Questions)

Concepts, Classification and Problems of Natural Resource Economics. Economy and Environment
interaction. Resource scarcity – Limits to Growth – Measuring and mitigating natural resource scarcity–
scarcity indices. Malthusian and Ricardian Scarcity. Theory of optimal extraction of exhaustible and
renewable resources. Property rights – Issues in natural resource management – private property,
common property and open access resources – Collective action in common property resource
management. Land use planning – optimal management of land, water, forests and fisheries. Resource
mapping – GIS and remote sensing applications. Environmental problems and quality of environment –
Economics of the environment –Theory of externality. Sources and types of pollution – air, water, solid
waste, land degradation – Environmental and economic impacts. Economics of pollution control – efficient
reduction in environmental pollution. Environmental regulation – Economics instruments and indirect
instruments (command and control policies). Environmental legislations in India. Concept of sustainable
development – Indicators of sustainability. Environmental Accounting – resource accounting methods.
Climate change and its impacts – mitigation efforts and international treaties. International Trade and
Comparative Advantage. Terms of Trade and Instruments of Trade Policy – Tariffs and Non tariffs.
Balance of Trade vs Balance of payments. Exchange Rates. International Organizations – IMF, IBRD,
IDA, IFC. WTO. Fundamental vs. Applied Research – Qualitative vs Quantitative Research. Research
Prioritization – Identification of Research Problems and Prioritization. Research Process. Trade-off
between scope and cost of the study. Research Design and Techniques. Hypothesis – Meaning –
Characteristics – Types of Hypothesis and Testing. Setting of Objectives and Hypothesis. Sampling
Theory and Sampling Design. Sampling Error. Sampling methods – Probability and Non-Probability
methods. Interviewing Techniques – Questionnaire vs Interview schedules and Field Problems – Methods
of Conducting Survey. Types of data – Primary and Secondary data. Sources of Secondary Data and
Data collection techniques. Types of questions in interview schedule – Structured, Unstructured, Open
Ended and Closed-Ended Questions. Data coding and data entry. Data Tabulation and Validation of Data.
Data Processing. Application of Analytical tools to data – Simple and Multiple regression and problems
in estimation – Multicollinearity, Heteroscedasticity and Autocorrelation. Optimization Models – Linear
Programming: Concepts and theories. Problem formulation – Minimization and Maximization problem
(Primal and Dual solutions). Sensitivity analysis. LP in farm planning and regional planning. Risk
Programming and dynamic programming techniques.

Unit IX: (10 Questions)

Nature and Scope of Sociology, Sociology as a Science. Individual and Society. Social Process:
Competition, conflict, Co- operation, Accommodation, Assimilation, Social control. Social Institutions:

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Family and Marriage. Theoretical Perspectives:- Structural Functional Perspective: August Comte,
Herbert Spencer, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim,R.K. Merton. Conflict Perspective: Karl Marx, Ralf
Dahrendorf and L. A. Coser. Caste System in India: Origin of the caste system; cultural and structural
views about caste; mobility in caste; change and persistence of caste in modern India; views of Gandhi
and Ambedkar about caste system. Class Structure in India: Agrarian and industrial class structure;
emergence of middle class. Rural Social Structure: Village Social Structure and Importance of Village
Studies. Peasant society and agrarian systems; land tenure systems, social consequences of land
reforms and green revolution. Agrarian unrest and movements in India. Rural social problems in
India: poverty, unemployment, indebtedness, farmer’s suicide and bonded labour. Strategies of rural
development programmes. Tribal Societies in India: Type and distinctive features of tribal communities in
India and their geographical spread. Problems of tribal communities: land alienation, poverty,
indebtedness, health and nutrition, education, Integration and issues of tribal identity. Tribal development
policies after independence.

Unit X: (10 Questions)

Socio- religious reform movements: Bhakthi Movements, Arya Samaj, and Ram Krishna Mission.
Backward Class Movements: Satya Sadhak Samaj, Sri Narayanguru Dharma Paripalana Movement
(SNDP), Self-respect movement, Dalit Movements, Political Mobilization of Backward Classes. Women
in Indian society: Socio-cultural interpretation of women in India. Demographic profile of women.
Problems of Women in India: dowry, domestic violence, discrimination, female infanticide, honor killing,
sexual harassment. Women empowerment programmes and SHGs. Social Research: Meaning of Social
Research, Scope and Importance of Social Research. Types of Research, Research Process:
Identification and formulation of research problem. Methods of Research: Descriptive and Explorative
methods. Sampling Methods, Methods of Data Collection. Tools of Data Analysis: Univarate and Bivariate
Statistics, Chi-square Test. Application of ICT in Social Research. Evaluation Research: Meaning and
aims of evaluation research. Types of evaluation and their purpose. Levels of measurement: population-
based vs. program-based. Sources of data. Study designs. Impact Assessment Research: Programmes
and policy evaluation research. Environmental impact assessment research. Research Report Writing:
Organization of a research report: Title, Abstract, Introduction, Experimental Details or Theoretical
Analysis, Results, Discussion, Conclusions and Summary, References. Quality of good research report.
Significance of research report.

Unit XI: (5 Questions)

Public Administration Theory and Principles - Public Administration: Meaning and scope and significance
– Public vs Private Administration – Approaches to the study of Public Administration-Comparative Public
Administration – Development Administration - New Public Administration – New Public Management -
Principles of Organization and Administration – Classical theories – Human Relation theories – Modern
theories of administration – Bureaucratic culture-Administrative Responsibility and Ethics.

Unit XII: (15 Questions)

Public Administration in Practice - Public Financial Administration: Budgetary process and accountability,
Union – State financial relations in India – Good Governance: Social welfare schemes in Tamil Nadu,
Women Empowerment schemes in Tamil Nadu, Health care Policy in Tamil Nadu – E. Governance :
ICT application in government – IT parks in Tamil Nadu – District administration: e-governance in Districts,
THAI scheme, Pudhuvazhvu scheme – Special Economic Zones – Panchayat Raj: Rural Development
programmes in Tamil Nadu, Environmental protection in Tamil Nadu – Administrative reforms: Personnel
and Administrative Reforms, Urban Governance: Urban Local bodies in Tamil Nadu, Jawaharlal Nehru
National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) in Tamil Nadu – Tamil Nadu Urban Development Project –
Human Rights governance: the Tamil Nadu State Human Rights Commission- Social Science Research:
Meaning, nature and scope of social science research- Qualities of good researcher-Types of social
science research: Historical -Descriptive - Empirical – Experimental - Qualitative- Quantative – Hypothesis
– Variables -Sampling: Probability and Non-Probability sampling – Methods of Data Collection: Primary
and Secondary data- Observation-Schedule- Survey-Interview-Questionnaire-Measurement - Data
Analysis-Tabulation-Inferences- Research Design and Report.

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Unit XIII: (15 Questions)
Social work research - Scientific Method: Objectivity, Scientific attitude, Ethics in research; Types of
Research: Applied and Pure, Quantitative and Qualitative, Mixed methods, Participatory, Action research,
Evaluative, Field based research. Research as a method in Social Work. Research process: Classification
of Variables, Concepts, Constructs, identifying and formulating research problem, research questions,
defining objectives, hypotheses. Research Designs: Exploratory, Descriptive, Diagnostic, Experimental,
Evaluative and Participatory. Sampling Methods : Probability and Non- probability sampling techniques.
Data Collection: Types of data, data collection methods, Questionnaire, Interview Schedule, Interview
Guide, Observation (Participatory and non participatory) Qualitative Research techniques: FGDs, In-
depth interview, Transcription, Themes, Illustrative quotes. Appreciative inquiry technique. Photo voice
technique. Social Audits. Triangulation and Iteration.

Unit XIV: (10 Questions)

Project evaluation - Project identification and formulation – Classification of projects, Project objectives,
Project life cycle and phases, Project Planning and Organization. Project feasibility analysis (Financial,
Technical) Market Survey, Demand analysis, Forecasting and Projection. Terms of reference: Area of
study, documents needed, process, time frame, Team members. Evaluation design; Types of Evaluation;
Project design: Time management, sequencing and scheduling, Network Analysis, CPM and PERT,
Logical Framework Approach (LFA), Problem Analysis and Problem Tree. Log Frame Matrix, Social Cost
– Benefit analysis, Environmental Impact Assessment, Legal aspects and clearance. Factors such as
efficiency, effectiveness and sustainability of the project. Project appraisal and Implementation: Project
Appraisal methods: (Financial, Technical) Project Financing, Project Resource mobilization, Negotiation,
Decision making, Project control and Monitoring techniques, Project evaluation: Tools of Evaluation:
Ladder of Life (UN tool). Community impact assessment, Holistic World View Analysis, Vulnerability
Assessment, Impoverishment assessment, FGDs and Reporting on Evaluation.

Unit XV: (10 Questions)

Basics and Major areas of Management - Concept and Foundations of Management – Managerial
Functions – Planning and decision making, Organizing, co-ordination and control – Role of Manager –
Managerial skills – Management of innovation –Personality Theories and Determinants – Meaning and
Process of perception – Motivation Concepts, Theories and Applications. Leadership – Theories and
Styles – Quality of Work Life (QWL) – Quality Circles (QC) –Management of Conflicts in Organizations
– Demand analysis and forecasting – cost functions – Break-Even-Analysis - Theory of firm-profit
maximization and sales maximization – Pricing decisions under different market structures. National
income- GNP, GDP, Gross Domestic savings – Monetary and Fiscal policies – Business cycle.
Fundamentals of operations management – Aggregate production planning, capacity planning – plant
design – process planning – plant size and scale of operations – Management of facilities –Production
control – Supply chain management - Quality management – statistical process control-role and
importance of material management – Modern production concepts – JIT, Kaizen, Japanese 5’s
framework. Nature and scope of financial management – finance function- valuation concepts and
Valuation of securities- financing decisions- sources of finance- cost of capital and capital structure –
Investment decisions – Capital budgeting – Working capital management – Dividend decisions. Marketing
Management – evolution and scope – Marketing strategy formulation and components of marketing plan
– Segmenting and targeting the market – Positioning and differentiating of the market – Analyzing
competition – Analyzing consumer markets – Industrial buyer behavior – Marketing research – Product
strategy – Pricing strategies – Designing and managing Marketing channels – Building customer
satisfaction –Ethics in marketing – Consumer protection - Concepts and policies of HRM – HRM functions
– Future challenges of HRM-Human resource planning – Job analysis – Job evaluation – Recruitment
and selection – Training and development – Promotion and transfer – compensation – performance
appraisal and 360 degree feedback – HR audit – Handing of sexual harassment in the work place-current
trends and issues in HRM. Nature and scope of strategic management – Strategic intent, vision,
objectives and policies – Process of strategic planning and implementation – Environmental analysis and
internal analysis – SWOT analysis – Tools and techniques for strategic analysis – Impact matrix – The
experience curve – BCG matrix – Balanced Score Card - Du Pont’s control model.

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Unit XVI: (15 Questions)
Research methodology and management information system - Research – meaning, scope and
objectives-types of research – research design-Data collection and Tabulation – Questionnaire design –
Scaling technique – sources of secondary data– Sampling – Probability – Correlation and Regression
Analysis – Tests of Significance – Normal distribution, Chi-square, F and t tests, ANOVA, time series and
forecasting decision theory, index numbers – Multi-Variant analysis, Factor analysis – Discriminate
analysis – report writing – Types of Report – structure of the Report – Guidelines for Report writing .
Conceptual foundations of information systems – Types of information systems - Element of information
system – Data Vs. Information – information requirement at various levels – data processing – data base
– Data Entry -Development and Management – Systems analysis and design – Trends in information
technology – Flexibility in information systems – User involvement – Evaluation of information systems –
Security and ethical challenges.

Unit XVII: (10 Questions)

Algebra and Differential Equations - Groups: Groups – Sub groups – Normal subgroups and quotient
subgroups – Homomorphisms – Automorphisms – Cayley’s Theorem – Rings: Rings - Special class sub
rings - Homomorphisms – Ideals and Quotient Rings – Vector Spaces: Basic Concepts – Linear
Independent and Bases – Inner Product Spaces – ODE: ODE with constant coefficients – ODE with
variable coefficients – Higher order ODEs – PDE: First order PDE - Second order PDE – Elliptic,
parabolic, and hyperbolic PDEs.

Unit XVIII: (10 Questions)

Analysis - Real Analysis: Properties of monotonic functions - Functions of bounded variations – Total
variations – Additive property of total variation – Total variation on [a,x] as a function of x - Continuous
functions of bounded variations – Infinite Series: Absolute and conditional convergence – Dirichlet’s test
and Abel’s test Rearrangement of series – Riemann’s theorem on conditionally convergent series.–
Complex Analysis: Differentiability and Cauchy-Riemann Equations – Harmonic Functions – Power
Series as an Analytic Function – Complex Integrations – Cauchy Integral Formula – Morera’s Theorem
– Existence of Harmonic Conjugate – Taylor’s Theorem – Conformal mappings – Functional Analysis:
Metric Spaces – Convergence, completeness and Baire’s Theorem - Continuous mappings - Space of
continuous functions - Euclidean and Unitary spaces - Topological Spaces: Basis for a Topology – The
Product Topology - The Metric Topology – Connected Spaces – Connected Subspaces of the Real Line
Components and Local Connectedness. Decision Making: Basic Statistics: Moments - Mean – Variance
– Standard deviations – Linear regression – Rank correlations – Attributes – Index Numbers. Linear
Programming Problem: Graphical Methods – Travelling Salesman Problem – Assignment Problem –
Simplex Methods.

Unit XIX: (10 Questions)

Anthropology, meaning scope and relationship with other disciplines particularly social sciences,
humanities etc. Main branches, their scope, The nature of culture, The nature of society: concept of
society, society and culture, social institutions, social stratification Marriage: Definition and universality,
Family, Kinship, Economic organization: meaning, scope, and relevance of economic anthropology,
Religion Research methods in Anthropology - Field work tradition in Anthropology - Distinction
between techniques, methods, methodology - Tools of data collection, observation, interview,
schedules, case study, genealogy etc.

Unit XX: (10 Questions)

Evolution of the Indian culture and civilization: Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Harrappan cultures; Tribal cultures
of India, Brief ethnographic details of Tribes of Tamil Nadu. Caste system in India: Structure and
characteristics, theories of origin of caste, Dominant caste. Indian village: Indian village as a social
system, peasant cultures. Cultural change in Indian Society: Sanskritization, Westernization,
Modernization, Post Modernism, Globalization; Problems of the tribal communities a) poverty b) low
literacy c) health Development of forest policy and Tribals Constitutional safe guards for ST/SC, Role of
Anthropology in Tribal and Rural development. Demographic profile of India – Ethnic and Linguistic
elements in the Indian population and their distribution. Gender issues in Tamil Nadu.

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 13. Fisheries Science and Zoology
(Degree Standard)
Code: 559
Unit I: Fish Biology, Resource Management and Regulations (20 Questions)
Systematics – Binomial nomenclature: classification of elasmobranchs, teleosts, crustaceans, and
molluscs; external morphology – morphometric – meristic and anatomy of finfish and shellfish, DNA
barcoding – Karyo taxonomy, Food and feeding habits – Gastro somatic index- length weight relationships
– age and growth – reproductive strategies – breeding – maturation and spawning – Gonado – somatic
index, fecundity and developmental biology of commercially important finfish and shellfishes – physiology
– respiration, circulation, digestion, excretion, osmoregulation – reproductive physiology – endocrine
glands and sex hormones. Fish genetics - Sex determination, hybridization, fish breeding techniques –
Cryopreservation of gametes -Commercially important marine fishes, shellfishes, crustacean and seaweed
resources of India and world, fish population dynamics – Vonbertalanfy’s growth equations- growth and
mortality parameters – Maximum Sustainable Yield – Maximum Economic Yield – CPUE-Yield per recruit-
fish stock assessment Methods – Fish stock enhancement - growth - recruitment overfishing – Closed
season – mesh size regulation – Turtle Excluder Device - Tamil Nadu Marine Fishing Regulation Act –
Wildlife Protection Act – Coastal Aquaculture Authority Act.

Unit II: Aquaculture, Ornamental Fish Culture and Fish Diseases (30 Questions)
Site selection for fish culture – Chinese hatchery - cultivable fishes for freshwater- Pond chemistry –
Dissolved Oxygen – Alkalinity, Hardness– Pond disinfection with lime -Soil and water quality management
– Types of feed and formulation - integrated fish farming – sewage fed fish culture – cold water Fisheries
- brackish water aquaculture - Shrimp culture – shrimp hatchery and nursery rearing- seed certification -
culture techniques of bivalves, Mariculture- candidate species for Mariculture, Open water cages –
Seaweed culture - Scampi culture -Ornamental fish culture – Live bearers - Egg layers- culture of Fish
food organisms- Aquarium keeping – fish diseases -Bacterial, Fungal, viral and parasitic diseases -
remedial measures - Recent Aquaculture techniques.

Unit III: Limnology, Aquatic Ecology and Biodiversity, Fishery Oceanography, Aquatic Pollution,
Coastal Zone Management (20 Questions)
Physico – chemical characteristics of freshwater bodies; lentic and lotic systems, flora and fauna,
classification of lakes based on origin, productivity & mixing of water; phytoplankton and zooplankton,
nekton, benthos, Estimation of primary production; Components of aquatic ecosystems, food chain, energy
flow, animal association; Ecological niches – lagoons, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, flood plains, wet
lands- exotic species- endangered species, conservation of habitats Marine zones – physical properties
of sea water –chemistry of sea water- waves, tides, currents, El -Nino, Ekmanspiral, upwelling; Aquatic
pollution -BOD,COD, oxygen demanding waste, eutrophication-sewage pollution, red tide- oil pollution,
pesticide pollution, thermal pollution, radioactive pollution- biological indicators of pollution; Application of
GIS in aquatic resource identification- remote sensing for coastal management - CRZ - Environmental
Impact Assessment.

Unit IV: Fisheries Economics, Statistics, Fisheries Marketing & Fisheries Extension (10
Questions)
Theories of demand and supply, market equilibrium, production function in capture and culture fisheries,
Economics of fishing and fish farming, fish marketing; marketing channel, export and import policies; bar
diagram, pie diagram, histogram, frequency polygon, primary and secondary data for statistical analysis,
extension teaching methods and use of audiovisual aids in extension activities, individual group and mass
contact methods.

Unit V: Fishing Craft and Gear Technology, Navigation and Seamanship, Refrigeration and
Equipment Engineering (20 Questions)
Types of fishing gears & crafts – fishing gear materials and their properties– yarn numbering system –
Fishing gear accessories, floats, sinkers, etc.-design and construction of gill nets longline, trawls and purse
seine- Fish finding devices. Principles of hydrostatics, law of floatation – Archimedes principle – Simpson’s
rules Fishing craft materials – wood, steel, FRP- form co-efficients, TPC– ship’s stability– state of

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equilibrium- care and maintenance of vessels; types of propeller and rudder; Principles of navigation
and seamanship – chart reading and fixing positions- chart symbols Compass, GPS–EPIRB- Rules of road
related to fishing vessels – navigational lights-International code flags-life saving devices- buoyage
system, storm signals, distress signals - Laws of thermodynamics-vapour compression refrigeration-
vapour absorption refrigeration-Compressor, evaporator, condenser – Freezers – plate, blast, tunnel-
refrigerated- coefficient of performance sea water systems; Types and functions – operation and
maintenance of various processing equipments - types of diesel engines and their working principles –
marine engines.

Unit VI: Fish in Nutrition, Fish Processing Technology and Packaging Technology (25 Questions)
Nutritional value of fish- protein, non -protein, nitrogen, lipid, minerals, micro and macro element, trace
elements, other functional biomolecules in fishes. Freshness of fish and rigor mortis – mechanisms of fish
spoilage – fish drying methods – principles of salting and salt curing methods – smoking of fishes. Canning
materials – canning media – methods of canning – quality of canned fishery products. Spoilage of canned
foods, types, causes and preventive measures-packaging materials for canned foods. Fish preservation
by chilling and icing – preparation of ice-chemicals used in freezing – types of freezing changes during
frozen storage– method of thawing. Microbiological and biochemical changes in freezing – packaging and
transport of frozen fishery products – freeze drying - Packaging materials and their properties-packaging
for retail sale and storage- retort pouch packing, vacuum packaging, active packaging, MAP. Fishery by
products – Fish meal- fish oil- shrimp waste- chitin –chitosan-fish protein concentrate- fish hydrolysate-
fish silage – fish maws, fish glue- gelatin-isinglass-utilization of seaweeds –agar agar – algin –
carrageenan.

Unit VII: Microbiology of Fish and Fishery Products, Quality Assurance of Fish and Fishery
Products (15 Questions)
Source and types of microorganisms in fish and fishery products-Indicators of microbiological quality of
fish and fishery products-nutritive values of processed seafood. Quality dimensions of sea food-
assessment of quality changes in fresh and iced fish and during processing- application of HACCP concept
in quality assurance- Role of EIA and MPEDA in fish and fishery products- Certification system for fish
and fishery products –sea food safety – authenticity – traceability.

Unit VIII: Invertebrates and Chordates (25 Questions)

Invertebrates: General Organization and Classification upto Classes. Organization of Coelom –
Acoelomates, Pseudocoelomates and Coelomates. Economic importance of Protozoans. Canal System
in Sponges. Metagenesis and Polymorphism in Coelenterates. Helminthes in relation to man.
Metamerism in Annelids. Larval forms and Parasitism in Crustaceans. Chordates: General Organization
and Classification upto Classes. Ascidian – Retrogressive Metamorphosis, Neoteny and Affinities. Fishes
– Locomotion, Migration, Respiration and Parental Care. Amphibia – Respiration and Parental Care.
Reptiles – Identification of Poisonous and Non-poisonous Snakes. Birds – Flight Adaptations and
Mechanism of Flight – Flightless Birds. Mammals – Dentition – Prototheria, Metatheria, Eutheria and their
Phylogenetic relationships.

Unit IX: Cell & Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Physiology, Biophysics, Genetics and Evolution
(20 Questions)
Cell and Molecular Biology: Structure and Function of Cellular Organelles – Cell Division and Cell Cycle –
Structure & Functions of Genetic Materials – Lac Operon Concept. Biochemistry: Structure and Functions
of Biomolecules. Hormones – Classification, Biosynthesis and Function. Physiology: Digestion,
Circulation, Respiration, Nerve Impulse and Conduction, Excretion, and Reproduction in Mammals.
Biophysics: Centrifugation, Colorimetric Techniques, Electrophoresis, PCR, RFLP, RAPD and DNA
fingerprinting. Genetics: Mendelian Principles – Mutation – Chromosomal Aberration: Structural and
Numerical. Evolution: Origin of Life and Theories of Evolution
.
Unit X: Biostatistics, Immune System, Developmental Biology and Ecology (15 Questions) –
Biostatistics: Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation. Basics of Bioinformatic Tools – DNA and
Protein Sequence Analysis. Immune System: Types and Functions – Vaccination. Developmental Biology:

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Gametogenesis, Fertilization, Cleavage, Gastrulation and Organogenesis. Ecology: Ecosystem –
Structure and Function – Ecological Succession – Population Ecology – Biodiversity and its Conservation.

14. Financial and Cost Accountancy

(Intermediate Standard)
Code: 433
Unit I: Accounting (10 Questions)
a) Accounting Standards (old) 2,10,12 and 16
b) Accounting for Cooperative Societies
c) Branch and Departmental Accounts (including foreign branches)
d) Accounting for non-profit organizations and incomplete records
e) Computerized Accounting System

Unit II: Auditing (20 Questions)

a) Nature and scope and significance of auditing
b) Audit Engagement, Audit Programme, Audit working papers, Audit note book audit evidence and audit
report
c) Internal check, internal control and internal audit– industry specific
d) Auditing of difference types of undertaking– education, hospitals, cooperative societies, trusts,
municipalities

Unit III: Financial Management (30 Questions)

a) Meaning–objectives –scope of financial management
b) Tools for Financial Analysis– Ratio, Cash flow analysis
c) Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements
d) Investment decisions–ARR, Pay back, NPV, IRR, PI
e) Cost of Capital Structure and Leverages
f) Working Capital Management – Financing – Cash, Inventory, Receivables and Payables

Unit IV: Direct Taxation (10 Questions)

a) Heads of Income and Computation of Total Income under various heads
b) TDS/TCS/Advance Tax
c) Taxation as applicable to Government undertaking and Cooperative Societies.

Unit V: Indirect Taxation (30 Questions)

a) Canons of Taxation
b) Goods and Services Tax (GST)
a. CGST-SGST-IGST- Cess
b. Registration – Supply – Time of Supply – Value of Supply – Place of Supply – Input tax credit –
Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM) – Payment of Taxes.
c. Filing of GST periodic returns

Unit VI: Commercial Law, Industrial Law & Company Law (20 Questions)
a. Indian Contract Act
b. Sale of Goods Act
c. Negotiable Instrument Act
d. Factories Act, Payment of Gratuity Act
e. Employees Provident Fund Act 1952
f. Employees State Insurance Act 1948
g. Payment of Bonus Act 1965,MinimumWages Act 1948
h. Tamil Nadu Tender Transparency Act,1998

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Unit VII: Cost Accounting: Prime Cost and Overheads (20 Questions)
a) Material Cost
a. Purchase procedures, ledgers and forms (MRN, GRN etc.)
b. Inventory levels management
c. Stores ledger under FIFO, Weighted average, retail price
d. Physical stock taking and inventory reconciliation
e. Wastage and shortage
b) Labour
a. Remuneration methods
b. Measuring production and productivity
c. Incentive Schemes: Halsey, Rowan, Taylor
d. Labour Turnover
c) Overhead
a. Cost grouping, allocation and apportionment
b. Treatment of under and over absorption
c. Machine hour rate computation

Unit VIII: Cost Accounting: Book Keeping and Methods (15 Questions)
a. Costing accounting records, Ledgers, Cost statements
b. Items excluded from cost and normal and abnormal, terms/cost
c. Integral accounts
d. Reconciliation of cost accounting records with financial accounts
e. Process, job, contract, and Batch costing
f. Service costing: hospital, transport, hotel etc.

Unit IX: Cost Accounting: Techniques (15 Questions)

a) Marginal costing
a. CVP analysis
b. Break even point and Margin of safety
c. Break even chart
d. Cost indifference point
e. Key factor analysis
b) Standard costing and variance analysis
a. Material
b. Labour
c. Variable Overheads
d. Fixed Overheads
e. Sales variances
f. Sales margin variances

Unit X: Budget and Budgetary Control (30 Questions)

a. Concepts, Types of Budgets
b. Budgetary Control Vs Standard Costing
c. Advantages and Limitations
d. Preparation of Various Budgets
e. Zero Base Budgeting

15. Financial and Cost Accountancy

(Final)
Code: 434
UNIT I: Accounting (30 Questions)
(i) Accounting Standards – GAAP - AS - applicability, interpretation, scope and compliance-IFRS- Ind
AS 2, 10, 115, 16, 21, 20, 23, 37 & 38.
(ii) Company Accounts - Presentation of Financial Statements as per Schedule III of Companies Act 2013
- Statement of Profit or Loss, Balance Sheet, Change in Equity, Cash flow statement

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(iii) Accounting of Banking, Electricity and Insurance Companies
(iv) Accounting for Cooperative Societies
(v) Branch and Departmental Accounts (including foreign branches)
(vi) Accounting for non-profit organisations and incomplete records
(vii) Computerised Accounting System (ERP features and advantages)

UNIT II: Auditing (30 Questions)

(i) Nature and scope and significance of auditing
(ii) Audit Engagement, Audit Programme, Audit working papers , Audit note book audit evidence and
audit report
(iii) Internal check, internal control and internal audit- industry specific
(iv) Reporting requirements under companies act - report vs certificate, contents of the report and
qualifications in the report.
(v) Cost audit and Secretarial audit
(vi) Auditing of different types of undertaking - education, hospitals, cooperative societies, trusts.

UNIT III: Financial Management (25 Questions)

(i) Meaning-objectives -scope of financial management
(ii) Sources of Funds- Introduction of Financial Markets- Capital & Money Markets
(iii) Tools for Financial Analysis - Ratio, Funds flow analysis, Cash flow analysis
(iv) Cost of Capital, Capital Structure and Leverages
(v) Working Capital Management- Financing - Cash, Inventory, Receivables and Payables
(vi) Capital Budgeting.
(vii) Risk Management - risk measurement- risk analysis- Value at Risk(VAR)- Capital Adequacy Norms &
Income Recognition Norms (NPA) in NBFCs.

UNIT IV: Taxation (30 Questions)

(i) Direct Taxation- Residential Status- Heads of Income and Computation of Total Income under various
heads- assessment of income of different persons - TDS/TCS/Advance Tax- Income Computation
and Disclosure standards (Basic Concepts only) - Taxation as applicable to Government undertaking
and Cooperative Societies. Due dates and compliances. Effects of non compliance and penalty. Tax
audit provisions under I.T. Act
(ii) Indirect Taxation- Canons of Taxation- Customs Law - Goods and Services Tax (GST) - CGST-SGST-
IGST- Cess - Registration - Supply- Time of Supply- Value of Supply- Place of Supply- E-Invoicing,
E-Way Bill, Input tax credit- Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM) - Payment of Taxes, Penalties.

UNIT V: Commercial Law, Industrial Law and Company Law (20 Questions)
(i) MSMED Act 2006.
(ii) Laws and Regulations relating to Cyber Security and Data Protection.
(iii) Factories Act
(iv) Payment of Gratuity Act
(v) Employees Provident Fund Act 1952
(vi) Employees State Insurance Act 1948
(vii) Payment of Bonus Act 1965
(viii) Minimum Wages Act 1948
(ix) Companies Act 2013-Promotion - Formation and related procedures – Types – Appointment and
duties of Directors, Loans and Deposits, CSR, Salient features of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code.

UNIT VI: Management Accounting (15 Questions)

(i) Introduction to Management Accounting - Relationship between Management accounting and cost
accounting- Decision Making tools
(ii) Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements
(iii) Learning Curve - concepts and its application

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UNIT VII: Cost Management (10 Questions)
(i) Life Cycle costing
(ii) Target Costing
(iii) Kaizen Costing
(iv) Value analysis and Engineering
(v) Throughput Costing
(vi) Business Process Re-engineering
(vii) Back flush costing
(viii) Activity Based Costing (ABC).

UNIT VIII: Decision Making Techniques (15 Questions)

(i) Marginal Costing - CVP analysis - Profit Volume Graph- Decision involving alternative choices - Make
or Buy; Evaluation of Orders; Multiple scarce: Product sales
(ii) Pricing Decisions - New Product pricing- use of costs in pricing - sensitivity analysis - monopoly pricing
- competitive pricing- Transfer pricing - Costing of Service Sectors
(iii) Variance Analysis and Reporting- Material, Labour, Overheads, Turnover and Profit.

UNIT IX: Performance Evaluation and Improvement Tools (15 Questions)

(i) Balanced Score Card
(ii) Supply Chain Management
(iii) Key Performance Indicators (KPI) like ROI, Economic Value Added (EVA).
(iv) Bench Marking
(v) Six sigma, Statistical Quality Control
(vi) Plan-Do-Check Action
(vii) Management Information Systems (MIS)
(viii) Total Productivity Management (TPM) and Total Quality Management (TQM)
(ix) SWOT analysis
(x) Profitability Analysis.

UNIT X: Business Valuation (10 Questions)

(i) Meaning of Value, Valuation and Business Valuation
(ii) Valuation Methods - Non Discounted cash flow method- Discounted Cash Flow Method - Free
Cashflow Method, Net Present Value Method (NPV)- Profitability Index Method(PI) - Internal Rate of
Return Method (IRR)
(iii) Valuation of Inventory
(iv) Valuation of Investments
(v) Valuation of Intangibles
(vi) Valuation of Human Resources
(vii) Valuation of Equity

16. Hindu Religion and Law

(Degree Standard)
Code: 488
Unit I: (20 Questions)
Hindu Religion – Definition – Origin and Development of Hinduism – Vedas – Agamas - Upanishads
– Smirits and Sruthis – Panniru Thirumuraigal – 4000 Divya Prabhandams

Unit II: (20 Questions)

Saivism - Vaishanavism - Saktham - Kaumaram - Ganapathyam - Sauram - Jainism - Alwars - Nayanmars
- Sankarar - Ramanujar – Madhwachariar - Thayumanavar - Vallalar – Arunagirinathar

Unit III: (20 Questions)

Hindu Culture – Temple Architecture and Sculpture – Inscriptions – Temple Icon, Idols, Murals,
Manuscripts, Copper plates and monuments – Temple Festivals – Rituals and consecration

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Unit IV: Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959 (20 Questions)
History of the Act - Short title, Extent and Commencement – Power to extend Act to Jain Institutions and
Endowments – Exemptions – Definitions – Advisory Committee – District Committee – Commissioner and
other controlling authorities and their powers – Delegation of Powers – Powers to enter Religious
Institutions - Trustees - Qualification and disqualification of Trustees – Power to suspend dismiss or
remove trustees - Hereditary Trustees – Framing of Scheme

Unit V: Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1959 (20 Questions)
Preparation of Registers – Property and Thittam – Alienation of immovable trust property – Utilization of
surplus funds – Common good fund – Religious and Charitable Endowments Administration fund –
Encroachments - Procedure and mode of eviction -Penalty and Recovery – Appeal
Duties and Powers of Executive Officers – Custody of Jewels and Valuables – Appointment of Office
holders and servants in Religious Institutions – Punishment of Office holders and servants – Budget of
Religious Institutions – Accounts and Audit Report and Rectification

Unit VI: Jurisprudence (20 Questions)

Jurisprudence - Nature, Functions and Evolution - Sources - Kinds of Law - Schools of Jurisprudence -
Theoretical perspectives and influence on Indian Jurisprudence– Social Transformation and Justice -
Legal Realism & Indian Judiciary - Civil & Common Law - Concept of State - Laissez-faire to Social
Welfare State - Transformation in Contemporary Era.

Unit VII: Constitution, Administrative and Human Rights Law (20 Questions)
Constitution – Definition, Nature and Salient features of the Indian Constitution – Preamble - State -
Fundamental Rights – Directive Principles of State Policy and its enforceability - Fundamental Duties -
Administrative Law – Definition, Nature and Scope– Rule of Law - Doctrine of Checks and Balances -
Delegated Legislation - Judicial Review of Administrative action and Discretion - Writs - Right to
Information – Concept, Procedures and Institutions - UN Charter and Human Rights Institutions- Role of
Judiciary and Human Rights - Protection of Human Rights Act 1993 - National and State Human Rights
Commissions.

Unit VIII: Contract Law & Transfer of Property (20 Questions)

Law of Contract - Essentials of Contracts – Valid, Void, Voidable - Discharge of Contracts – Quasi
Contracts -Damages – Compensation
Transfer of Property – Kinds of Property - Possession and Ownership – Defining Transfer – Transfer to
unborn person – Vested and Contingent Interests – Ostensible Ownership – Lis pendens – Charge - Sale,
Mortgage, Lease, Gift, Exchange

Unit IX: Personal, Heritage and Archaeology Laws (20 Questions)

Hindu Law- Sources – Marriage, Adoption and Succession - Tamil Nadu Temple Entry Authorization Act,
1947 -The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 -The Madras Ancient
and Historical Monument and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1971 -The Antiquities and Art
Treasures Act, 1972 and Rules - The Tamil Nadu Heritage Commission Act, 2012 -United Nations -
Heritage Sites and Monuments.

Unit X: Land Laws and Civil Procedure (20 Questions)

LAND LAWS – TN Land Encroachment Act, 1905 - Inam Abolition Act, 1963 and Estates Abolition Act,
1948 -The Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act, 1971 - The Tamil Nadu Regulation of Rights
and Responsibilities of Landlords and Tenants Act, 2017.
Land Acquisition Laws: The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition,
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 – Tamil Nadu Highways Act, 2001 – Tamil Nadu Acquisition of
Land for Industrial Purposes Act,
1997 – Tamil Nadu Acquisition of Land for Harijan welfare Schemes Act, 1978
Suits in General – Jurisdiction - Plaint, Written Statement – Admission – Process of Appearance – Decree
and Judgement - Execution – Reference, Review, Revision – Appeal in Civil Cases –The Contempt of
Courts Act.

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 17. Human Resource Management
(PG Degree Standard)
Code: 572

Unit I: Introduction of Human Resource Management (20 Questions)

Definition of Human Resource Management (HRM) – Objectives of HRM – Nature of HRM – Scope and
Importance of HRM – HRM vs. Personnel management - Functions of HRM – Managerial Functions –
Operative Functions – Qualities of HR Manager – Roles and Responsibilities of HR Manager – Challenges
of HR Managers - Structure of HR Department – Personnel Policies and principles

Unit II: Perspectives of Human Resource Management (10 Questions)

Approaches of Human Resource Management – Evolution of Human Resource Management - Theories
of Human Resource Management – Human Capital Management – HR Models – HR Management
competencies and careers – Strategic Role for Human Resource – Strategic Human Resource
Management – Benefits of SHRM

Unit III: Human Resource Planning (20 Questions)

Meaning and Objectives of Human resource planning - Importance of Human Resource Planning –
Process of Human resource planning - Forecasting Human Resource Requirement – HR Demand and
Supply – Factors affecting HRP –Job Analysis – Methods of collecting Job Data - Job Design - Job
Description – Job specification – Barriers to Human Resource Planning

Unit IV: Recruitment and Selection (20 Questions)

Purpose and importance of Recruitment - Factors of Recruitment – Process of Recruitment – Sources of
Recruitment - External and Internal – Employee Referrals – Nature of Selection – Objectives of Selection
– Factors affecting selection - Selection Process – Types of Selection Tests – Interviews –Types of
Selection Interviews - Barriers in Selection – Evaluation of Selection Process

Unit V: Training and Development (25 Questions)

Orientation – Purpose of orientation – Induction - Definition of Training – Scope and need of Training –
Benefits of Training - Methods of Training – On-the-Job – Off-the-Job - Assessment of Training needs –
Process of Training – Purposes of training – Evaluation of Training - Meaning of Development – Objectives
of Development – Management Development – Management Development Programmes - Career
Development process – Challenges of Career Development – Talent Management.

Unit VI: Performance Management (20 Questions)

Overview of Performance Management System – Performance Appraisal: Meaning, Objectives, Scope,
Importance – Job evaluation vs. Performance Appraisal - Uses of Performance Appraisals - Different
Methods of Performance Appraisals – Traditional methods – Modern Methods – Limitations in
Performance appraisal - Problems in Performance Appraisal - Potential Appraisal – Assessment Centres
– Balanced Scorecard - HR Scorecard – Benchmarking – Applications of Performance Management

Unit VII: Compensation Management (20 questions)

Meaning of compensation management – Objectives – Principles – Factors influencing compensation
management – Significance of compensation - Compensation Plans - Components of compensation –
Fringe Benefits – Perquisites – Wage and Salary – Rewards & Incentives – Non-monetary benefits –
Theories of Compensation – Job evaluation – Methods of job evaluation - Motivation – Factors of
Motivation - Motivation Theories

Unit VIII: Industrial Relation Management (25 questions)

Meaning, Importance, Objectives & Concept of Industrial Relation – Nature of Industrial relations –
Stakeholders of Industrial relations – Trade unions – Measures to strengthen Trade unions - Problems of
Trade Unions – Industrial disputes – Types of Industrial disputes - Causes of Industrial disputes –
Grievance redressal mechanism – Collective bargaining – Workers Participation in management – Labour
Legislation in India

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Unit IX: Organisational Culture and Ethics (25 questions)
Nature of Culture – Organisation Vision, Mission, Values & Strategies - Cultural Dimensions - Workplace
Environment - Workplace culture - Workplace diversity – Factors affecting Workplace culture – Culture-
Strategy fit – Change Management – Conflicts in Organisation - Work-life balance – Workplace ethics –
Ethical Dilemmas – Ethical issues in HRM – Managing Ethics - Discipline and Code of Ethics – Corporate
culture and Ethical climate

Unit X: New Frontiers in Human Resource Management (15 questions)

Computer Application in HRM - Human Resource Information System – HRIS Framework - Human
Resource Analytics – Objectives of HR Analytics – Key elements in HR analytics - HR metrics – Stages of
HR Analytics – HR Analytics in practice – HR Delivery model - Knowledge Management – Technology and
Knowledge management – Role of HR Professional – Challenges in Implementing HR Practices

18. Industrial Safety and Health

(Degree Standard)
Code: 515

UNIT I: Chemical Technology, Chemical Process Calculations, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics

and Mechanical Operations (20 questions)
Fertilizers, Cement, Glass, Ceramic and Refractories, Oils, Soaps and Detergents, Pulp and paper,
Dyes, sugar, leather and rubber, polymer, pharmaceutical and food industries.
Properties of gases, liquids and solids, Humidity and saturation, Gas laws, Material balance involving
recycle, by-pass and purge systems with and without chemical reactions and Energy balances. Material
and Energy balance with reactions, Gibbs Phase rule.
Thermodynamics and its applications, thermodynamic functions, compressibility factors, entropy,
Chemical Reaction Equilibrium.
Fluid Statics, Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids, Equation of continuity, Navier Stroke equation,
Friction Factor, Dimensional analysis, Flow though pipes, flow through fixed and fluidized beds, flow
meters.
Laws of size Reduction, Mixing and agitation, Filtration, Sedimentation and Conveying of solids. Materials
of construction for chemical Industries - Polymeric and composite materials, Nano and biomaterials.
Corrosion - prevention and control.

UNIT II: Heat Transfer, Mass Transfer, Chemical Reaction Engineering and Process Design,
Instrumentation and Control (20 questions)
Modes of Heat transfer, Heat transfer with phase change, heat transfer coefficient. Design of heat
exchangers - Double pipe, Shell and Tube. Evaporators - Single and Multiple effect.
Fick’s Laws, Diffusion, Mass Transfer Coefficient and theories of Mass Transfer, Momentum, Heat and
Mass transfer analogies, Inter phase Mass transfer operations, HTU, NTU and HETP concepts, Design of
equipment - Distillation, Extraction, Absorption, Drying. Crystallization and Membrane separation
processes.
Reaction rates - homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, single and multiple reactions in ideal
reactors. Residence time distribution. Design of reactors - Isothermal and non-isothermal fixed bed
reactors and fluidized bed reactors. Kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Diffusion effects in
catalysis- rate and performance equations, Catalyst deactivation.
Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations, solution of initial and boundary values,
Integration of Simpson rule. Solution of partial differential equations. Eigen value problems - Theorem
for Eigen values and Eigen functions.
Sensitivity analysis, Constrained and unconstrained NLP, Newton’s method, Quasi-Newton’s method,
Cost estimation, Plant utilities, pinch technology, Laplace transformation, application to solve ODEs. Open-
loop systems, first order systems, first order systems in series, second order systems and their
dynamics; transportation lag. Closed loop control systems, feed-back control systems, BODE diagram,
stability criterion, frequency response.

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UNIT III: Environmental Engineering, Occupational Safety and Health in Chemical Industry,
Mechanics of Machinery, and Management in Textile Industry (20 questions)
Air, Water, Soil pollution and Noise control. Wastewater treatment by various methods: Chemical,
biochemical and advanced oxidation process. Industrial hygiene, occupational safety & health in chemical
industries, Industrial safety principles, plant layout, chemical hazards identification and classification,
Safety in operations and processes, fire safety, hazard identification techniques, disposal of hazardous
and toxic wastes, onsite and offsite emergency preparedness plan, safety audit, work permit system,
roles and responsibilities of safety officers and welfare officers, occupational diseases.
Kohlberg’s theory – Gilligan‘s theory - Safety and Risk – Assessment, Risk Benefit Analysis and Reducing
Risk, Respect for Authority, Collective Bargaining, Confidentiality, Conflicts of Interest, Occupational
Crime, Professional Rights, Employee Rights. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR).
Drive transmission, clutches and brakes in textile machinery, design of machine elements – cams, cone
drums, drafting rollers; calculations – sley eccentricity, beat-up force; application of industrial engineering
in garment industry; costing of yarn, fabric and garment; maintenance of light, temperature and humidity,
and ergonomic aspects in textile industry, interpretation of financial statements; investment appraisal
techniques; application of TQM tools.

Unit IV: Textile Manufacturing (20 questions)

Classification and identification of fibres; structure and properties of fibres; Production of synthetic fibres –
raw materials, wet, dry, melt, dry-jet spinning.
Objectives, principle of working and calculations – ginning, blow room, carding, draw frame, comber
preparatory, comber, roving frame, ring frame, ring doubling, TFO, rotor, air-jet, air-vortex, friction, core and
wrap spinning machines; helical geometry and packing density of yarn, yarn contraction, yarn twist vs.
strength, structure-property relations of yarns.
Objectives, principle of working and calculations – winding, warping, sizing; principle of fabric formation in
shuttle looms, rapier, air-jet, and projectile looms; Basic woven fabric structures and its derivatives; Pierce
geometry of plain woven fabrics, structure-property relationship of fabrics.
Objectives, principle of working and calculations – circular, flat and warp knitting; basic weft and warp
knitted structures; production of nonwovens – needle punch, spun lace, spun bond and melt blown.
Safety measures in fibre, yarn and fabric manufacturing industry.

Unit V: Chemical Processing of Textiles and Quality Assurance (20 questions)

Objectives and principles of desizing, singeing, scouring, bleaching and mercerizing machines; dyeing of
different types of fibres, yarns and fabrics and the machines used; types and methods of printing; colour
and fastness measurement.
Principles and methods for shrink-proof, raising and calendaring, crease resistance, water-proof, water-
repellent, flame retardant, soil release, UV resistance, anti-microbial, anti-static, softening, stiffening,
elastomeric, self-cleaning finishes; eco-friendly processing, eco standards and eco labels, characteristics
of effluent and effluent treatment.
Measurement of length, strength, fineness, maturity and trash of the cotton fibres; measurement of count,
twist, strength and elongation, unevenness, imperfections and hairiness of the yarn; determination of
construction parameters, tensile, tear, and bursting strength, air permeability, bending, drape, crease and
wrinkle recovery, thickness, pilling and abrasion resistance and shrinkage of the fabrics; yarn defects
analysis – diagram, spectrogram, Variance-length curve; fabric defects analysis.
Garment manufacturing – pattern making, marker planning, spreading, cutting, sewing and finishing; types
of stitches and seams; garment inspection; fibre, yarn and fabric requirement for industrial, automotive,
geo, agro, medical, protective and sports textiles.
Safety measures in chemical processing industry.

UNTI VI: Electrical Engineering (20 questions)

Circuit elements – Kirchoff’s Laws – Mesh and Nodal Analysis – Network Theorems and Applications for
DC and AC circuits: Thevenin’s Theorem, Norton’s Theorem, Superposition Theorem, Maximum Power
Transfer Theorm. Three phase Circuits, Star – delta transformation.
Coulomb’s Law, Gauss’s Law, Magnetic Circuits – Magnetomotive force- Reluctance – Faraday’s laws –
Lenz’s law – Biot – Savart’s law – Ampere’s law – Fleming’s left and Right Hand Rule -Lorentz force –
Inductance – Self and Mutual Inductance – Dot Convention – Coupled Circuits.
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D.C, Machines, Generators and Motors – Starting, Speed Control and braking – Testing Losses and
Efficiency. Transformers – Types – Construction and Operation – Testing. Induction Machines Starting,
Speed Control and braking Synchronous Machines, permanent magnet brushless DC motor, stepper
motors
Circuit Breakers- protection; transformer, generator, motor, bus bars and transmission line – AC and DC
Distribution – deregulation- energy conservation and energy auditing.

UNIT VII: Measurements, Control Systems and Power Electronics (20 questions)
Measurement of Current, Voltage, Power, Power factor; Energy –Indicating instruments – Multi meters,
Transducers and their applications to the Measurement of Non-Electrical Quantities like Temperature,
Pressure, Flow-rate, Displacement, Acceleration, Noise level- Data Acquisition Systems – A/D and D/A
converters – Data Transmission Systems – PLC – smart meters.
Control systems; Mathematical Modelling of Physical Systems, Transfer function, block diagram, signal
flow graph and the reduction, PI, PD and PID Controllers –state. Semiconductor Devices
Power Semiconductor devises – single and Three Phase AC to DC Converters, Speed Control of DC
Drives speed control of AC drives, induction motor drives.

Unit VIII: Electrical Power Generation and Thermal Engineering (20 questions)
Power Generation Types – Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations, Co-generation, Renewable Energy, Solar
energy, Wind Energy, smart grid – electric vehicles – V2G and G2V – Fuel cells – Batteries – types and
characteristics – Super Capacitors.
Thermal engineering - basic concepts, Zeroth, First and Second laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic
system and processes, Emissions and Controls. I.C. Engines Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Vapour
refrigeration cycle, heat pumps, gas refrigeration. Heat exchanger performance.

UNIT IX: Mechanical Engineering (20 questions)

Properties of Surfaces and Solids, Centre of Gravity, Gears and Gear Trains, Fly Wheels and Governors,
Balancing of Rotating and Reciprocating Masses, Friction in Machine Elements, Force Analysis,
mechanisms for Vibration Control. Stress, Strain and Deformation of Solids, Fundamentals of Design for
Strength and Stiffness of Machine Members, Spur Gears and Parallel Axis Helical Gears, Bevel Gears,
Worm Gears and Crossed Helical Gears. Fluid properties, Bernoulli’s equation, Pelton wheel, Francis and
Kaplan turbines - pumps and its applications -Valves and Types
Production Flow Analysis, Industrial Robotics, lean manufacturing. Work study - Techniques, Method study
- ABC Analysis material handling systems, Management theory and practice, planning - Decision making,
Organising, staffing, Motivation, Leadership, controlling, control techniques, Industrial Safety - Standards
– OSHA.

UNIT X: Production Engineering (20 questions)

Constitution of alloys and phase diagrams, heat treatment of ferrous and non-ferrous metal, surface
modification techniques, powder metallurgy, non-metallic materials, mechanical properties and testing,
crystal defects and strengthening mechanisms, Engineering ceramics, Engineering and commodity
polymers, composites, nano-materials. Foundry Technology- Sheet Metal Operation welding defects,
Casting, Welding Inspection (NDT), Machinability machine tools - CNC machine tools. Limits, Fits and
Tolerance, Computer Aided Inspection, Machine vision, Measurement of power, flow and temperature.
Statistical quality control, control charts, acceptance sampling, reliability, TQM, 5S, ISO standards.
Fundamentals of Computer Graphics, Geometric Modeling, Production Planning and Control, Computer
Aided Process Planning, Cellular Manufacturing, Flexible Manufacturing System and Automated Guided
Vehicle System.

19. Library and Information Science

(Degree Standard)
Code: 266
Unit I: Library and Society (22 Questions)
(i) Library as a Social Institution; Impact of Libraries on Social, Political, Economical, and Cultural
aspects, Laws of Library Science.
(ii) Types of Libraries – Public, Academic and Special Libraries; Library movement in India;
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(iii) Library Legislation; Public Library Act; Delivery of Books and News papers (Public Library) Act;
Intellectual Property Rights – Copyright Act
(iv) Library associations and Professional bodies - UNESCO, IFLA, ALA; CILIP; ILA; IATLIS
(v) Role of government agencies in library development – RRRLF; UGC - INFLIBNET

Unit II: Library Management (20 Questions)

(i) Management – Concept; Definition; School of Thoughts – Functions of Management; (POSDCORB);
Library Authority and Committee.
(ii) Library Sections and Routines – Acquisition, Technical, Maintenance, Circulation, Reference and
Periodical.
(iii) Human Resource Management – Job Analysis, Job Description, Recruitment, Selection, Training,
performance Appraisal, training, motivation, etc.
(iv) Financial Management – Budget – Types, Sources of income to various types of libraries, Physical
facilities – Building and Furniture.
(v) Library Records - Statistics; Reports

Unit III: Information Processing (Library Classification) (18 Questions)

(i) Library Classification – Concept; Definition; Need and Purpose
(ii) Library Classification – Types: General and Special; Various Schemes of classification – Colon
Classification; Dewey Decimal Classification; Universal Decimal Classification and Library of
Congress Classification.
(iii) Structure of knowledge – Modes of Formation of Subject, - Canons and Laws
(iv) Facet and Facet analysis – Fundamental categories (PMEST); Analytico- Synthetic approach and
Devices.
(v) Notation –Types; Characteristics

Unit IV: Information Processing (Library Cataloguing) (24 Questions)

(i) Library Cataloguing – Concept; Definition; Need, Purpose and Functions.
(ii) Library Catalogue – Types – Physical forms and Inner forms - Alphabetical, Classified, and Alphabetico
- Classified; Trade catalogue;
(iii) Cataloguing Standards – ISBDs; Cataloguing Codes – Classified Catalogue Code of Ranganathan,
Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules
(iv) International Standards – MARC – CCF; UNIMARC; MARC21; Metadata
(v) Subject Headings – Sears’ List of Subject Headings, LCSH, Centralised and Co-Operative
Cataloguing.

Unit V: Information Sources (22 Questions)

(i) Information Sources – Types – primary, secondary, and tertiary; Print Vs. Electronic resources; Human
Vs. Institutional
(ii) Evaluation of Information Sources – Criteria
(iii) Secondary Sources: Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Indexing and Abstracting Sources, Directories,
Biographical Sources; Geographical Sources
(iv) Electronic Information Sources - Databases; Full-text data bases
(v) Information Sources – Discipline – oriented sources – Pubmed; INSPEC; etc; UGC - e-Sodhsindhu
Open sources

Unit VI: Information Services (18 Questions)

(i) Information Services - Types: Ready reference and Long range reference services; User education;
Information literacy
(ii) Literature search – Bibliography compilation and Bibliographical services
(iii) Current Awareness Service, SDI
(iv) Indexing and Abstracting services; Referral Service.
(v) Reprography, Translation and other specialized services

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Unit VII: Computer and Computer Applications (20 Questions)
(i) Computer – Definition; Characteristics; Classification of Computers Hardware – Generations; Input
and Output Devices; Secondary Storage Devices; Tele communication – Concept and
Components.
(ii) Computer Software – Meaning; Types – System Software and Application Software; Operating
System – Single user vs. Multi-user; Open Sources vs Proprietary
(iii) Database – Concept; Database Management System (DBMS) – Concepts; Functions;
(iv) Library Automation - Need and Purpose; Areas of library automation; Library automation software
packages – Proprietary vs. Open.
(v) Web Technology – Browser, Search Engine, Protocol, ISDN.

Unit VIII: Resource Sharing and Networking (20 Questions)

(i) Resource sharing – Concept, Definition, Need, Purpose.
(ii) Library Co-operation – Concept, Definition, Need and Purpose.
(iii) Computer Networks – Types – LAN, WAN, MAN; Internet and Intranet
(iv) Library Networks – Concept, Need, Functions.
(v) Library Network System – International, OCLC World cat; National – INFLIBNET, DELNET.

Unit IX: Information System (20 Questions)

(i) Information System – Concept, Characteristics and Functions.
(ii) Information System, Types – International, National; Subject – Mission Oriented; National Knowledge
Commission; National Mission on Libraries.
(iii) Information Systems – International UNESCO, INIS, AGRIS, INSPEC, PUBMED, CAS; National –
NISCAIR, DESIDOC.
(iv) Library Consortia – Trends, Functions; UGC – e-sodhsindhu, N-LIST, CSIR Consortium.
(v) Open Access movement; Open Access System.

Unit X: Digital Library (16 Questions)

(i) Digital Library – Concept, Definitions, Characteristics, Theoritical framework, Merits and Demerits.
(ii) Digital Library Management – Design, Architecture, Standards.
(iii) Digital Library Initiatives – Initiatives in India; Open Archives Initiatives.
(iv) Metadata – Definition, Standards, Metadata Harvesting.
(v) Digital Library – Building process – Digitization; Software and Hardware; Institutional repositories.

20. Mechanical, Production and Manufacturing Engineering

(Degree Standard)
Code: 399
Unit I: Mechanics, Kinetics and Dynamics (18 Questions)
Statics of Particles, Equilibrium of Rigid bodies, Mechanism of Deformable Bodies, Properties of Surfaces
and Solids, Centroid, Centre of Gravity, Dynamics of Particles, Elements of Rigid Body Dynamics, Basics
of Mechanisms, Kinematics of mechanisms, gyroscope, Gears and Gear Trains, Fly Wheels and
Governors, Balancing of Rotating and Reciprocating Masses, Friction in Machine Elements, Force
Analysis, Balancing, Single Degree Free Vibration, Forced Vibration, mechanisms for Vibration Control,
Effect of Damping, Vibration Isolation, Resonance, Critical Speed of Shaft.

Unit II: Strength of Materials and Design (20 Questions)

Stress, Strain and Deformation of Solids, Combined Stresses, Theories of Failures, Transverse Loading
on Beams, Stresses in Beams, Torsion, Deflection of Beams, Energy Principles, Thin Cylinders and Thick
Cylinders, Spherical Shells, Fundamentals of Design for Strength and Stiffness of Machine Members,
Design of Shafts and Couplings, Design for Static and Dynamic Loading, Design of Fasteners and Welded
Joints, Reverted Joints, Design of Springs, Design of Bearings, Design of Flywheels, Design of
Transmission Systems for Flexible Elements, Spur Gears and Parallel Axis Helical Gears, Bevel Gears,
Worm Gears and Crossed Helical Gears, Design of single and two stage speed reducers, Design of
cam, Clutches and Brakes, Design of Piston and Connecting Rods.

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Unit III: Fluid Mechanics and Turbo Machinery (20 Questions)
Fluid properties, fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy, control volume analysis of mass, momentum and
energy, fluid acceleration, differential equations of continuity and momentum, Bernoulli’s equation,
Dimensional Analysis, viscous flow of incompressible fluids, boundary layer, elementary turbulent flow,
flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends. Turbomachinery: Pelton wheel, Francis and Kaplan
turbines - impulse and reaction principles – velocity diagrams, pumps and its applications-Valves and
Types - Theory of Jet Propulsion- Pulse Jet – Ram Jet Engines, Online Continuous Flow Monitoring
System.

Unit IV: Thermal Engineering and Thermodynamics (30 Questions)

Basic concepts, Zeroth, First and Second laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic system and processes,
Carnot cycle. irreversibility and availability, behaviour of ideal and real gases, thermodynamic relations,
properties of pure substances, calculation of work and heat in ideal processes, analysis of thermodynamic
cycles related to energy conversion, Fuel and combustion, Fuels Characteristics, Emissions and
Controls, Testing of IC Engine-Renewable sources of Energy.
Power Engineering: Steam Tables, Rankine, Brayton cycles with regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines:
air-standard Otto, Diesel cycles. Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Vapour refrigeration cycle, heat pumps,
gas refrigeration, Reverse Brayton cycle; moist air: psychometric chart, basic psychometric processes.

Unit V: Heat and mass Transfer (25 Questions)

Modes of heat transfer - one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept, electrical analogy, unsteady
heat conduction, fins dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, various
correlations for heat transfer in flow over flat plates and through pipes, thermal boundary layer, effect of
turbulence, radiative heat transfer, black and grey surfaces, shape factors, network analysis; heat
exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods.
Basic Concepts of Mass transfer, Diffusion Mass Transfer, Fick’s Law of Diffusion Steady state Molecular
diffusion, Convective Mass Transfer, Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer Analogy, Convective Mass
Transfer Correlations, Radiactive Heat Transfer.

Unit VI: Materials Science and Metallurgy (25 Questions)

Constitution of alloys and phase diagrams, Iron – Iron Carbide Phase Diagram - steels, cast iron, phase
transformations - diffusion - TTT diagram, ferrous and nonferrous alloys, heat treatment of ferrous and
non-ferrous metal, surface modification techniques, powder metallurgy, non-metallic materials, mechanical
properties and testing, crystal defects and strengthening mechanisms, conducting and semi conducting
materials, magnetic and dielectric materials, Engineering ceramics, Engineering and commodity polymers,
composites, nano-materials.

Unit VII: Production Technology (22 Questions)

Foundry Technology - types of pattern, cores, moulding and casting methods, Solidification, design of
castings, defects, Melting Furnaces, Hot and Cold working, Metal Forming Processes - types, Defects and
Remedies, Sheet Metal Operation, metal joining processes, types and design of weldment, welding
metallurgy, welding defects, Casting, Welding Inspection (NDT), Manufacturing of Thermo Setting and
Thermo Plastic Products, Metal cutting, Cutting Tool Nomenclature, Machinability machine tools - center
lathe, drilling, milling, grinding, gear cutting and broaching, Machining Time Calculation, unconventional
machining processes, Micro Manufacturing, CNC machine tools, Manual Part Programming - Machining
and Turning Centre.

Unit VIII: Metrology and Quality Control (15 Questions)

Limits, Fits and Tolerance, Linear and angular measurements, Interferometry, laser interferometers -
Types, Computer Aided Inspection, Basic concept of CMM - Types of CMM, Machine vision, Form
measurement-Straightness- Flatness, Roundness, Surface finish measurement, contact and non-contact
method, Measurement of power, flow and temperature. Statistical quality control, control charts,
acceptance sampling, reliability, TQM, 5S, ISO standards.

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Unit IX: CAD / CAM / CIM / FEA (13 Questions)
Fundamentals of Computer Graphics, Geometric Modeling, Visual Realism, Assembly of Parts, CAD
Standards, Fundamentals of CIM, Production Planning and Control, Computer Aided Process Planning,
Cellular Manufacturing, Flexible Manufacturing System and Automated Guided Vehicle System, Group
Technology, Production Flow Analysis, Industrial Robotics, Additive Manufacturing, Just in Time(JIT), lean
manufacturing, One Dimensional Problems in FEA, Two Dimensional Scalar Variable Problems, Two
dimensional vector variable problems, Isometric Parametric Formulation.

Unit X: Industrial Engineering and Management (12 Questions)

Work study - Techniques, Method study and work measurements - objectives - basic procedure, machine
loading and scheduling, product sequencing, inventory control - E O Q - quantity discounts, ABC Analysis
material handling systems, operations research, Linear Programming, simplex method, Transportation
model, Assignment model CPM and PERT, Queuing Models. Management theory and practice, planning
- Decision making, Organising, staffing, Motivation, Leadership, controlling, control techniques, Industrial
Safety - Standards – OSHA.

21. Mining Engineering

(Degree Standard)
Code: 347

Unit I: Geology, Mine Development, Drilling and Blasting (30 Questions)

Geology: Earth structure & Composition, weathering, ground water, Geological time scale, types of rocks
and their modes of occurrence, mineral resources, their distribution in different types of rocks of different
ages, classification and properties of minerals, Geological structures like folds, faults, etc., their
classification and their significance in the mineral exploration & mapping, ore reserve estimation including
their shape. Different Ore forming processes, origin & modes of occurrence, classification of mineral
deposits, fossil fuels like coal, petroleum etc., Mineral distribution in India. Various exploration and
prospecting methods including geophysical prospecting, their fields of application & limitations.
Introduction to aerial and photography, remote sensing & GIS for mapping and exploration.
Role of Mining Industry in National Economy, Role of Mining Engineers in Mining Industry, Challenges
faced by Mining Industry, Indian and World Mineral Resources, Types of Drilling; exploratory & production
drilling; core recovery, core logging & interpretation of bore hole data, machines for opencast and
underground mines, selection & limitations, parameters influencing drilling. Directional drilling, mechanics
of different types of drilling,. Exploratory & production drilling, types of drilling and Explosives and
accessories, properties, classification; Selection; Storage, transport and handling and use of explosives,
different types of initiation systems, mechanics of blasting, drilling & blast design for opencast and
underground mines (including solid blasting), secondary blasting, misfires, vertical crater retreat blasting,
adverse impacts of blasting and their control, instrumentation, testing of explosives, fragmentation studies,
controlled blasting, alternatives to blasting. Different modes of entry into underground mines, their location
and design. Different methods of shaft sinking including special methods-various activities, modern &
mechanized techniques of shaft sinking, shaft raising, shaft boring, widening and deepening of operating
shafts. Drivage of drifts and tunnels covering all associated activities including continuous and tunnel
boring techniques.

Unit II: Mine Environment (20 Questions)

Mine gasses – occurrence, properties, detection, physiological effects and permissible limits, Mine climate
and control, Heat and humidity, Natural Ventilation, Distribution of air current in mines, Resistance of mine
roadways, Mine fans and their characteristics, testing, use of multiple fans. Ventilation and illumination
survey, Ventilation planning in mines. Mine illumination, methane drainage Flame safety lamps, ventilation
devices, Types of ventilation, auxiliary ventilation including overlap ventilation.

Ventilation network analysis and numerical problems, Pollution due to mining - Noise, air, water and land
pollution, Ground vibrations, monitoring and control, Pollution standards and remedial measures,

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Spontaneous heating, Mine fires, Explosions – causes, prevention and control, Firefighting, reopening of
sealed-off areas, Inundation – causes, prevention and control, Design of water Dams, Mine rescue and
recovery, investigation after an explosion, rescue organization of a mining company, Air conditioning and
air cooling, Rescue and First aid in mines.

Concept of environment and ecology, Landscape planning and analysis, Biosphere, Hydrosphere,
Atmosphere, Nutrient cycling, Effect of industrialization in atmosphere, Air quality sampling and modeling,
Impact of pollution on human health. Reclamation of mined out land, Tailings management and
subsidence, Environmental impact assessment, Environmental management plans, Environmental audit,
Environmental clearance for mining projects, Environmental legislations, Safety and environmental
protection.

Unit III: Mining Machinery (5 Questions)

Different types of motive power used in mines, Rope haulages, Wire ropes, safety devices, different types
of locomotives, safety devices, free steered vehicles; Hydraulic, pneumatic and gravity transport, Mine
pumps, different types, characteristics and fields of application, design of pumping systems, Rope haulage,
locomotives and pumping calculations. Distribution of electrical power in mines, Electrical layouts, Mine
cables, Flame-proof and intrinsically safe apparatus, Mine communication, man riding systems, different
types of pumps, their characteristics and fields of applications.
Winding systems, Friction and drum winders, Multi-rope winding, safety devices, Winding accessories –
winding engines, headgear, head sheave, skips, suspension gear, shaft fittings etc., duty cycles and
winding calculations. Surface and pit-bottom arrangements, Coal face machinery including longwall
equipment, Different types of conveyors and their construction, design and calculations, High angle
conveying, Hydraulic & Pneumatic transport, Aerial ropeways, Design and construction of silos and
bunkers, Stacking and blending, Condition monitoring of mining machinery.

Unit IV: Surface Mining (30 Questions)

Suitability of surface mining and limitations, Cut-off grades, Pit limits, Stripping ratios, Design of pit slope,
haul roads, benches box cuts, Opencast mine development - different methods, Earth moving machinery
- shovels, draglines, continuous surface miners, bucket wheel excavators, dumpers, rippers, scrapers,
rock breakers etc., Productivity and maintenance of Heavy Earth Moving Machinery. Types of slope
failures, Slope stability analysis and stabilization including dumps, In-pit-crushing and conveying,
Continuous surface mining. Placer mining and solution mining, conversion of underground mines to
opencast mines and vice-versa. Truck dispatcher systems, Machine availability, productive and
maintenance scheduling, output, manpower and calendar planning.

Unit V: Underground Mining (Coal & Metal) (5 Questions)

Coal Mining: Importance of coal as a source of energy, current status of coal mining world over, grading
of coal, Choice of mining methods and classification, Bord and pillar method - design of panels, pillar
extraction by caving and stowing, partial extraction, supports, Longwall method - advance and retreat,
mechanized longwall, latest trends, Design of longwall workings, salvaging and relocation of equipment,
punched longwall. Thin and Thick seam mining, problems, multi-slices and special methods like gallery
blasting, sub-level caving, horizon mining, contiguous, hydraulic mining, underground coal gasification,
shield mining of steep seams, shaft pillar extraction, introduction to coal- bed methane.
Metal Mining: Classification of mining methods, Metal mining layouts, Methods of development -shafts,
raises, winzes, drifts, bins, tunnels etc., Stope preparation, Stoping methods – supported and
unsupported, their selection - longwall, room and pillar,
shrinkage, sub-level, cut and fill, block caving and combined, backfilling, etc., Techno- economic analysis
of mining systems, Extraction of remnant pillars, shaft pillars, Mining at great depths.

Unit VI: Rock Mechanics & Ground Control (10 Questions)

Stress analysis, Numerical problems, Application of rock mechanics in mining, Physico- mechanical
properties of rocks and rock indices, elastic constants - laboratory and in situ testing, Rock mass
classification, Post-failure behaviour of rocks, Dynamic wave velocities and elastic constants, Time
dependent properties of rocks, Non-Destructive testing, Rheological modeling, Theories of failure of rocks,

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Rock mechanics and ground control instrumentation, in situstress measurement.
Roof examination, Different types of mine supports including FER supports, powered supports, etc. Design
and selection of mine supports, Systematic supports, different methods of stowing, underground and face
arrangements, Design of underground workings and stress distribution for Bord and pillar, Longwall
workings, etc., Design of pillars; subsidence, measurement, prediction, control, remedial measures; Rock
burst and bumps causes, prediction and control, etc.

Unit VII: Mine Surveying & Mineral Processing (20 Questions)

Principles of mine surveying, Underground surveying methods, methods of leveling, contouring, curve
setting, traversing, Triangulation and Correlation, Errors and adjustments, Preparation of mine plans and
sections, Numerical problems, Modern surveying techniques, Photogrammetry and remote sensing
applications, EDM, Total station, GPS, GPR, GIS Astronomical survey, stope surveying, subsidence
survey.
Scope and objectives of mineral processing, Choice of methods, Sequence of operations, Comminution,
crushing and grinding - Theories, types of crushers and their fields of application, power consumption for
crushing and grinding, Laboratory and industrial sizing, wet and dry screening, laws of particle settlement.
Different concentration techniques, jigging, tabling, flotation, wet and dry screenings, magnetic separation,
electro-static separation, optical sorter, Sampling and control, Coal beneficiation - Generalized plant
design and flow charts for beneficiation of coal and other important ores.

Unit VIII: Mine Management & Computer Applications in Mining (30 Questions)
History and development of mine management, Principles of scientific management, Functions of
management, Organization structure of a mine and a mining company, Time and work study, Industrial
relations, Trade union and workers participation in management, Industrial psychology, Operations
research - linear programming, transportation and assignment problems, CPM and PERT. SWOT analysis,
supply chain management.
Microprocessors - Operating systems, Structured and object oriented programming, Networking Database
management systems, Programming for mine design problems, CAD in mining for opencast and
underground mines, Management information systems, ore-body modeling, Digitization and scanning,
Artificial intelligence, Expert systems, Neutral networks and virtual reality applications in mining, mining
software. Computer applications in mine planning, ventilation network analysis, pillar design, blast design
(opencast and underground), pumping systems, mine planning, etc.

Unit IX: Mine Legislation, Safety & Economics (30 Questions)

General provisions of Mines and Mineral Regulation and Development Act, Mineral Concession Rules,
Mines Act, Regulations and Rules, Bye-Laws and DGMS Technical Circulars, Mines Vocational Training
Rules, Land Acquisition, Explosives Act, Indian Electricity Rules, Workmen's Compensation Act, Rescue
Rules, Mine accidents, classification and occupational diseases, accident statistics, Accident inquiry
reports and cost of accidents, Mine disaster management, Safety audit and conferences. Environmental
protection and conservation acts and rules, Miners diseases. Risk identification and Management.
Role of mineral industry in national economy, National mineral resources National mineral policy,
Conservation of minerals, Royalty and taxation, Ore reserve estimation and geo-statistical methods, Mine
valuation, Classification of reserves, net present value (NPV), Depreciation, Pricing and sale of minerals,
Marketing and inventory, Costing, Wages and incentives, Book keeping, Balance sheet and profit and loss
accounts, Numerical problems, Capital and revenue expenditure, DCF, profitability analysis, Economics
of various mining operations , Assessment of cost of various mining operations, cost control methods.

Unit X: Mine Planning & Design (20 Questions)

Ore-body modelling, Opencast mine planning - mine cuts, surface structures, division of mining areas into
blocks, Open pit optimization, Mine scheduling, Underground (coal and metal) mine planning, Location
of mine entries, Optimization of mining parameters, Planning of production capacities, production planning
and scheduling, productivity indices, Techno-economic analysis, Quality control and conservation,
Planning and selection of equipment, Manpower and output planning, Preparation of mining projects -
feasibility and detailed project reports, Sources of funding, Government policies., Mine Closure, Quality
control.

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 22. Mining Engineering and Geology
(Degree Standard)
Code: 573
Unit I: General Geology and Geomorphology (15 Questions)
Origin, Evolution, Age and Interior of the Earth - Principles of geodesy – Rock cycle – Isostasy -
Continental drift, Seafloor spreading, Plate tectonics - Paleomagnetism and its application for determining
paleoposition of continents – Orogeny and Epeirogeny – Volcanoes and earthquakes – Effects and
causes – Seismic Hazard zonation of India - Tectonic deformation and seismicity in the Extra Peninsular,
Indogangetic plains and Peninsular India - Applications of geomorphology in mineral prospecting and
coastal studies - Weathering – processes and products - Geomorphic cycles and their interpretation -
Morphology and its relation to structures and lithology - geomorphic landforms formed by action of rivers,
wind, glaciers, waves and groundwater - Features of ocean floor - continental shelf, slope and rise -
concepts of landscape evolution, major geomorphic features of India – coastal, peninsular and extra
peninsular - Classification of shorelines and their evolution - submarine canyons, Geosynclines and Island
arcs.
Unit II: Stratigraphy and Paleontology (20 Questions)
Principles of stratigraphy - Code of stratigraphic nomenclature of India - lithostratigraphy – biostratigraphy
– chronostratigraphy – magnetostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy - Principles of stratigraphic correlation;
Indian stratigraphy and economic importance - Cratons of India – Dharwar, Bastar, Singhbhum, Aravalli
and Bundelkhand Cratons - Proterozoic mobile belts – Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt, Southern Granulite
Terrain, Central Indian Tectonic Zone, Aravalli – Delhi Belt, North Singhbhum Mobile Belt - Proterozoic
sedimentary basins – Cuddapah, Delhi, Vindhyan, Kurnool and Kaladgi - Phanerozoic stratigraphy –
Paleozoic - Spiti - Mesozoic - Spiti, Kutch, Narmada Valley and Trichinopoly - Gondwana Supergroup,
Deccan Traps - Himalayas – Siwaliks - Fossil record and geological time scale - modes of preservation of
fossils and concept of taphonomy – Body and ichno-fossils, Ediacara Fauna - Morphology and time range
of Graptolites, Trilobites, Brachiopods, Lamellibranchs, Gastropods, Cephalopods, Echinoids and Corals
- Evolutionary trends in Trilobites, Gastropods, Cephalopods; and Graptolites – Micropaleontology –
methods of preparation of microfossils, morphology of microfossil groups (Foraminifera, Ostracoda).

Unit III: Structural Geology and Mineralogy (15 Questions)

Mechanical principles of rocks – Strain markers in deformed rocks - Mohr’s circle – V rules and outcrop
patterns – Stereographic Projections of structural elements - Mechanics and causes of folding and faulting
- Classification of folds and faults - Recognition of folds and faults in the field - Joints – Cleavage and
Schistosity types and origin – Secondary lineation - Types of unconformity and their recognition in the field
– Definition, Classification and elements of minerals and Crystallography – Optical, Electrical and Magnetic
Properties of minerals - Physical, chemical and optical properties of Quartz, Feldspars, Feldspathoids,
Pyroxene, Amphibole, Olivine, Garnet, Mica, Zeolites and Carbonate groups – Concept of optical
mineralogy – Identification of minerals using petrological microscope.

Unit IV: Petrology (25 Questions)

Classification of Igneous rocks: Mineralogical, Chemical and IUGS classification – Structures and textures
- Petrography and petrogenesis of Granites, Alkaline rocks, Anorthosites, Carbonatites, Dolerites,
Ultramafics - Bowen's reaction series - Diversity of Igneous rocks – variation diagrams - Crystallisation of
Basaltic magma.
Sedimentary depositional environments – Important clastic and non-clastic rocks – Heavy minerals and
Provenance – Tectonics and Sedimentation – Sedimentary Basins of India – Paleocurrents and Basin
Analysis - Classification of sedimentary rocks - sedimentary textures grains size, roundness, sphericity,
shape and fabric - grain size analysis - sediment transport and deposition - sedimentary structures -
composition and significance of different types of sedimentary rocks Sandstone, Limestone, Banded Iron
Formation, Mudstone and Conglomerate - carbonate diagenesis and dolomitisation.
Metamorphism – Agents and kinds of metamorphism – classification of metamorphic Rocks – Textures
and Structures – Different grades and depth Zones – Metamorphic facies – Metamorphic differentiation –
Thermal – Clastic and Regional Metamorphism – Origin of Eclogites – Charnockitisation – Granitisation –
Metasomatism.

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Unit V: Economic Geology and Hydrogeology (20 Questions)
Classification of mineral deposits – Process of formation of mineral deposits - Magmatic, Hydrothermal,
Sedimentary, Metamorphic, Sublimation, Evaporation, Oxidation and Supergene enrichment -
Metallogenic Epochs and provinces of India - Controls of ore Localisation – Origin, Occurrences, Indian
distribution and uses of the following ores - Iron, Manganese, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Aluminium, Chromium,
Gold, Barite, Graphite, Asbestos and Silica, Uranium, Thorium and Industrial Minerals. Origin of coal and
petroleum - Physical and Chemical Properties of coal and petroleum – Deposits of coal and Petroleum in
India – Distribution of Gondwana and Tertiary coal fields of India. Gas hydrates and Coal bed methane,
Petroliferous basins of India – Strategic, Critical and essential minerals – National mineral policy 2019 –
Conservation and Utilization of mineral resources.
Origin and Occurrence of groundwater – Vertical Distribution of Ground Water - Aquifers - Hydraulic
conductivity and Hydrological parameters - Transmissibility, Permeability - Specific yield and retention -
Hydrogeological characters of different types of rocks - Rock water interaction – Ground Water Quality and
Pollution - Types of wells - Well logging methods - Pumping test methods - Managed Aquifer recharge –
Rainwater Harvesting techniques and methods - Aquifer recharge methods - Seawater intrusion - Study
and methods - Electrical methods of groundwater exploration.

Unit VI: Geology of Tamil Nadu (25 Questions)

Archean Formations - Sathyamangalam Group - Bhavani Gneissic Complex - Khondalite Group – Kolar
Group - Anorthosite Complex - Archean to Proterozoic - Charnockite Group – Granites - Migmatitic
Complex – Proterozoic – Proterozoic – Ultramafic - Alkaline rocks and Carbonatites – Granites -
Palaeozoic to Mesozoic - Gondwana Plant beds – Cretaceous - The Cretaceous Period is divided into
three Groups as under - Uttatur Group - Trichinopoly Group - Ariyalur Group - Tertiary Sediments – Lignite
- Petrified Wood of Thiruvakkarai - Cuddalore Sandstone - Conjeevaram Gravels – Cenozoic -
Quarternary Sediments - Mineral wealth of Tamil Nadu.
Descriptive study related to origin, mode of occurrence and use of iron ores of Kanjamalai and
Kavuthimalai, Chromite and PGE of Sittampoondi, Magnesite deposits of Chalk hills, Bauxite deposits of
Shevroy hills, Graphite beds of Sivaganga, Lignite deposits of Neyveli and Jayamkondam, Beach placer
deposits of southern Tamil Nadu. Mode of occurrence and distribution of precious and semi-precious
stones in Tamil Nadu - Silica Sands of coastal areas in Kanchipuram, Thiruvallur, Cuddalore and
Nagapattinam districts- River sand deposits of Tamil Nadu.

Unit VII: Mine Development and Mining Methods (20 Questions)

Exploratory & production drilling, types of drilling and Explosives and accessories, properties,
classification; Selection; Storage, transport and handling and use of explosives, different types of initiation
systems, mechanics of blasting, drilling & blast design for opencast and underground mines, misfires,
adverse impacts of blasting in mines and their control, controlled blasting in granites, alternatives to
blasting. Different modes of entry into underground mines, their location and design. Different methods of
shaft sinking, modern & mechanized techniques of shaft sinking, Drivage of drifts and tunnels covering all
associated activities including continuous and tunnel boring techniques.
Suitability of surface mining and limitations, Cut-off grades, Pit limits, Stripping ratios, Design of pit slope,
haul roads, benches box cuts, Earth moving machinery - shovels, continuous surface miners, bucket wheel
excavators, dumpers, rippers, Dredegers, rock breakers etc., Productivity and maintenance of Heavy Earth
Moving Machinery. Types of slope failures, Slope stability analysis and stabilization including dumps, In-
pit-crushing and conveying, Continuous surface mining. Placer mining and solution mining, Machine
availability, productive and maintenance scheduling, manpower and calendar planning.
Metal Mining: Classification of mining methods, Stoping methods – supported and unsupported, cut
and fill, backfilling, etc., Techno-economic analysis of mining systems, Mining at great depths.

Unit VIII: Mine Legislation, Safety & Mine Management (20 Questions)
General provisions of Mines and Mineral Regulation and Development Act 1957 & 2023, Mineral
Concession Rules 1960, Mines Act 1952, Metalliferrous Mines Regulations 1961, and Mines Rules 1955,
Tamil Nadu Minor Mineral Concession Rules 1959, Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS) issued
Technical Circulars related to Surface Mining Operations, Mines Vocational Training Rules 1961, Land
Acquisition Act, Explosives Rules 2008, Workmen's Compensation Act, Mine accidents, classification and

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occupational diseases, Accident inquiry reports, Mine disaster management, Safety audit in Mines,
Environmental protection Act 1986, Environmental Impact Notifications – 1994 & 2006 and Forest
Conservation Act 1980, Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change issued Notifications, Office
Memorandum related to Mining Industry, Occupational Health, Risk Assessment and Management,
Organization structure of a mine and a mining company, Royalty and taxation, Assessment of cost of
various mining Methods operations, cost control methods, Preparation of Feasibility and detailed project
reports, Mine Closer Planning and Management for sustainability.

Unit IX: Mining Machinery (20 Questions)

Different types of motive power used in mines, Wire ropes, safety devices, Hydraulic, pneumatic and
gravity transport, Distribution of electrical power in mines, Mine cables, Flame-proof and intrinsically safe
apparatus, Mine communication, Winding systems, Surface and pit-bottom arrangements, High angle
conveying, Hydraulic & Pneumatic transport, Aerial ropeways, Dredging Equipments, Design and
construction of silos and bunkers, Stacking and blending, Condition monitoring of mining machinery,
Computer applications in mine planning and Equipment System.

Unit X: Mine Environment (20 Questions)

Mine illumination, Pollution due to mining - Noise, air, water and land pollution, Ground vibrations,
monitoring and control, Pollution standards and remedial measures, Inundation – causes, prevention and
control, Application of rock mechanics in mining, Design of water Dams, Mine rescue and recovery,
investigation after an explosion, rescue organization of a mining company, Rescue and First aid in mines,
Concept of environment and ecology, Landscape planning and analysis, Air quality sampling and
modeling, Impact of pollution on human health. Reclamation of mined out land, Tailings management and
subsidence, Environmental impact assessment, Environmental management plans, Environmental audit,
Environmental clearance for mining projects, Environmental legislations, Safety and environmental
protection.

23. Personnel Management, Industrial Relations, Business Administration and Social Work
(PG Degree Standard)

Code: 561
Unit I: Personnel Management (15 Questions)
Definition, Evolution and Growth - Functions of Personnel Management - Factors Influencing Personnel
Policy - Qualities and Qualification of Personnel Manager- Organisation of Personnel Department -
Challenges and Role of Personnel Manager – Progress of Personnel Department in India

Unit II: Human Resources Planning and Development, Recruitment, Selection, Placement and
Training (25 Questions)
Need for HR Planning and its types – Factors affecting manpower planning – Role of Human Resources
Department - Techniques and Job description – Recruitment Practices in India Sources - Methods and
Technologies for Recruitment Methods of Selection – Principles and Problems in Induction – Need and
importance of Training – Steps in Systematic Training – Evolution of Training Programme

Unit III: Performance Appraisal, Motivation and Leadership (15 Questions)

Objectives and Benefits of Performance Appraisal – Characteristics of effective appraisal system - Process
and Methods of Performance Appraisal – Theories of motivation and techniques of motivation – Legal and
ethical issues in motivation – Theories and characteristics of leadership – Types of leaders.

Unit IV: Labour Management Relations and Labour Legislations (30 Questions)
Concept of Labour Management – Labour administrative practices – administrative agencies – labour
policy – Workers participation in management and settlement of Labour disputes - Unfair labour Practices
– Code of wages – Industrial Relation Code –Social Security code – Occupational safety, Health and
working conditions code - Grievance Redressal Mechanism – Labour Courts and its functions – Factors
affecting labour relations
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Unit V: Organisational Behaviour (20 Questions)
Organisational Behaviour: Importance – Historical Development of Organisation Behaviour -
Understanding Individual :Personality- Perception-Learning-Values-Attitude- Job Involvement –
Organisational Commitment – Job Satisfaction – Emotions – Emotional Intelligence – Spiritual Quotient.
Understanding groups: Meaning of group and group dynamics – Theories of Group Dynamics – Group
Cohesiveness – Team Building- Management of change-Organisational Culture-Management of Conflict-
Organizational Citizenship Behaviour.

Unit VI: Operations Management (20 Questions)

Operations Management concept, objectives and types – Characteristics of Modern Operation
Management – Differences between Services and Goods – Operation Strategy – Supply Chain
Management – Warehousing and Supply Chain Strategies – Supply Chain Dynamics. Operations
Planning- Work study: Objectives, Procedures – Method Study and Motion Study - Work Measurement
and Productivity. Total Productive Maintenance- Materials management and Purchase Management -
Project management - Quality Control – Quality Movement – Continuous Improvement – Tools – Total
Quality Management (TQM) concepts – ISO Quality Certification – Quality Assurance.

Unit VII: Management Information System & E-Commerce (20 Questions)

Data, Information, Intelligence, Information Technology, Information System, Functional Information
Systems, DSS, EIS, KMS, GIS, International Information System-Data Base Management System- Role
of information management in ERP, e-governance, Data Mining, Business Intelligence, Pervasive
Computing, Cloud computing, CMM. Electronic Commerce: Technical Components of E-Commerce
Functions of E-Commerce - Advantages and disadvantages of E- Commerce -Electronic Commerce and
Electronic Business - Electronic Commerce Technology - Building the E-Business application - Avoiding
legal issues- Web strategy: Attracting and retaining visitors - Search Engines and Portals- Cyber service
- Online Banking.

Unit VIII: Fundamentals of Sociology and Psychology (15 Questions)

Sociology Definition, meaning and scope; basic sociological concepts: Society-meaning, definition
and types, structure, features; social institutions; concept of social system and sub system,
classification of social systems, culture: concept, characteristics, social stratification, social
processes- social control, social change in India, social movements, crime and delinquency; social
problems-poverty, inequality, casteism, causes and consequences.
Psychology: Definition, meaning and scope, lifespan, phases of human growth and development,
(Erik Erikson and Freud) needs, tasks and challenges, influence of hereditary and environment;
psychological processes for understanding behaviour, intelligence, sensation, emotions, learning,
memory, attitudes, behaviour, perceptions and prejudices; life events and their impact on behaviour.

Unit IX: Health Care Practice (10 Questions)

Health: Definition and concept; Rehabilitation, definition, types and principles – UN convention on
the rights of persons with disabilities; policies and programmes; Community – Based Rehabilitation.
Hygiene: Personal, food and Environmental hygiene; Relationship between health and hygiene;
Environmental pollution; Living conditions: housing, sanitation, waste disposal and their influence on
Health.
Community health: Definition, health indicators, disease, sickness/illness, definition of public health,
Communicable and non-communicable diseases: causes, prevention and treatment, Primary Health
Care; Health Education;
Concept of mental health: Magnitude of mental health problems, mental health and Well Being;
definition.
Health Programmes & Global Health Promoting Agencies: National Mental Health Programme,
National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP), National AIDS Control Programme (NACP), National
Malaria Control Programme (NMCP), Universal Immunization programme (UIP), National Cancer
Control Programme (NCCP), National Health Mission (NHM), Reproductive and Child Health
Programme, National Family Welfare Programme. WHO, UNICEF, FAO, UNFPA, ILO.

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Unit X: Industrial Relations and Labour Welfare (30 Questions)
Industrial Relations: Concept, characteristics, Industrial Relations at plant and shop floor level,
Industrial conflicts: concepts of industrial peace; cause and consequence of industrial conflict, strikes
and lock-outs; conflict resolution, meditation, conciliation: arbitration and adjudication; statutory and
non-statutory machinery for prevention and settlement of disputes. Trade Unions: Trade unionism in
India, role in Industrial relations.
Occupational Hazards and Safety: Meaning. Occupational Hazards, Industrial Health and Industrial
Safety. Industrial Accidents-causes and prevention. Meaning of Safety and Need for safety in Industries.
Job stress. Problems of Job stress with special reference to new generation industries.
Statutory Provisions In India: Statutory Provisions in India connected with health, safety and welfare of
workers. Introduction to The Factories Act, 1948- Statutory Provisions relating to Labour Welfare, Industrial
Health and Industrial Safety in Factories. Role of H.R. Managers in Labour Welfare.

Labour Welfare: Concept, definition, philosophies, need, objectives, principles, scope and limitations
of labour welfare; Historical development of labour welfare in India. Statutory and Non-Statutory
Welfare Provisions: Industrial Counseling- Pre-retirement, Quality of work life. Social security, social
security measures; Standardization, Wage policy, Wage incentives, bonus and profit sharing.
Collective Bargaining: Meaning, goal, phases, pre- requisites, principles, strategies and negotiation
skills, factors influencing collective bargaining, Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention,
Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013.
HR System Concept and functions: HRM, HRD & HR; evolution, Asian trends; HRD system and
sub-systems; elements, goals, importance of HRD in Industry; 360 Degree feedback; leadership and
leadership development; mentors & modeling; Organizational commitment CSR in HR.

24. Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Computer Science and Forensic Science

(PG Degree Standard)
Code: 575
Unit I: Fundamentals of Physics (20 Questions)
Impulse - Impact - Laws of Impact - Loss of Kinetic theory - Motion of two interacting bodies - Reduced
mass - Rigid body dynamics. Relativity: Postulates of Special theory of relativity - Mass Energy
Equivalence. Space Physics: Escape Velocity - Orbital Velocity - Geo Stationary Orbits and Satellite
Communication - Remote Sensing.
Basic ideas of Interference, Diffraction and Polarisation - Principle of LASER and its applications - Coupling
Schemes - Zeeman effect -Paschen Back effect - Rotation, Vibration and Rotation -Vibration Spectra -
Frank Condon principle - Laws of thermodynamics - Entropy - Thermodynamic potentials - Maxwell’s
equations and its applications, Gibb’s phase rule - Phase transition -Vanderwaal’s equation of State.
Crystal Classes and Systems - 2D, 3D Lattices - Lattice heat capacity - X-rays - X-ray diffraction -
Superconductivity - Super Conductors, Different types of magnetic materials - Binding energy -Propagation
of electromagnetic waves in non conducting and conducting medium - Reflection and refraction at a plane
interface between dielectrics - Radiation from a localised source. -Fourier transform infrared, Raman, NMR
and ESR spectroscopy- Principle, technique and applications

Unit II: Electronics (20 Questions)

Ampere’s circuital law and its application - theory of Ballistic Galvanometer - Potentiometer - measurement
of current, voltage and resistance. Semiconductor diode and transistor - Optoelectronic devices - Photo
diode, Photo transistor, LDR, LED, LCD, Special Semi conductordevices - JFET, MOSFET, UJT-
Operational amplifier -Characteristics and applications - 555 timer. Logic gates -Half and Full adder and
subtractors-Karnaugh map -NAND - NOR networks - flipflops -counters and shift registers- Active Filters-
Analog to digital and digital to analog converter.
Modulation and demodulation techniques - Principle of radio communication - AM and FM transmission -
RADAR Principle- Television transmission and reception - Propagation of Light in an Optical fibre.ECG
and EEG techniques - Basic ideas of CT and MRI Scan.

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Unit III: General Chemistry (20 Questions)
Reaction Kinetics: Rate laws - rate constant - order and molecularity of reactions - I, II, III, and zero order
reactions - concept of Arrhenius theory - Collision theory and Transition state theory -catalysis.
Acids and Bases: Bronsted and Lewis acids and bases - pH and pKa acid - base concept in non - aqueous
media - HSAB concept - Buffer Solutions. Redox Reactions: Oxidation numbers, Redox potential, Electro
chemical series - application of EMF measurements -Redox indicators.
Structure and Bonding: Electronic configuration of atoms, periodic properties of elements, Ionic radii,
ionization potential electron affinity, electro negativity, concept of Hybridization, molecular orbitals and
electronic configuration of homo nuclear and hetero nuclear diatomic molecules, shapes of polyatomic
molecules. Types of chemical bond (weak and strong) inter molecular forces, structure of simple and
covalent bonds- covalent character in ionic bond and partial ionic character - lattice energy.
Organic Reaction Mechanism: SN1, SN2 mechanisms - addition substitution, elimination and
rearrangements -free radical mechanism - aromatic substitution -and stability of reactive intermediate
(Carbocations, Carbanion's free radicals, nitrates and benzynes) - Polar effects - Hammett's equation and
it modification.
Stereochemistry: Optical and geometric isomerism E. Z and R.S notation's
IUPACNomenclatureofsimpleorganicandInorganiccompounds.

Unit IV: Chemical and Instrumental Analysis (20 Questions)

Titrimetric Analysis: Classification of rection in titrimetric analysis - Standard Solutions - Normality,
Molarity and Molality - concentration units - Primary and Secondary standard - neutralization indicators -
self indictors and external indicators- acid base titrations - precipitation titrations - redox titrations.
Qualitative Analysis: Semimicroqualitative analysis of cations like Se, Te, W, Mo, Ce, Th, Zr, V, Ca, Ba,
Ni, and Mg.
Basic Principles, Instrumentation and applications of Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis.) spectroscopy; Beer-
Lambert’s law, solution preparation and small molecules analysis and Flow Injection analyzer-Nuclear
Magnetic spectroscopy (NMR), small molecule analysis. Flame spectrometry, Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy (AAS), Inductively Coupled Plasma -Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Inductively Coupled
Plasma Emission spectroscopy, Fluorimetry-Chemiluminescence’s Detector system, X-ray fluorescence
spectroscopy (XFS),
Chromatographic Techniques: Basic Principles of chromatography, Instrumentation and application of
chromatography - Paper, thin layer chromatography (TLC), High-performance Liquid chromatography
(HPLC) and Gas chromatography (GC), Gas-Chromatography with Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), Liquid
Chromatography with Mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Unit V: Zoology (20 Questions)

Salient features of Invertebrata and Vertebrata - Structural Organization of animal cell - Types of Muscle -
Blood and its composition- grouping - Blood cells - Structure of sperm and Egg. Human genetics -
Pedigree analysis - Karyotyping - Chromosome structure and functions - Beneficial and harmful insects -
Exploiting insects olfaction in forensic studies - Ants, blowflies and beetles in forensic investigation.
Anthropology scope - Basic concepts, types - Applied and developmental Anthropology - Forensic
anthropology and criminal investigations. DNA finger printing technology in forensic investigations.
Chemistry of Biomolecules - Types of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Metabolism of Bio molecules -
Nucleic acids - Types, Structure and functions of DNA & RNA, Enzymes - Properties - Marker enzymes
- Classes and function of Hormones - Pheromones. Theories of Origin of life.

Unit VI: Botany (20 Questions)

Plant Diversity: Salient features and economic importance of Algae, Fungi, Lichens, Bryophytes,
Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
Cell Biology: Cell Organelles and its functions. Cell cycle, Cell division, Tissuesystem and secondary
growth
Plant pathology: Bacterial, fungal and viral diseases of plants.
Embryology: Micro sporogenesis, Megasporogenesis, Polyembryony, Doublefertilization.
Genetics: Mendelism, Linkage, crossing-over, chromosome mapping.
Plant adaptations: Hydrophytes, Xerophytes, Mesophytes, Epiphytes, Halophytes and Mangrove

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vegetation. Biodiversity conservation methods.
DNA profiling: Genetic code, Mutation and DNA polymorphism, Recombinant DNA technology.
Isolation of DNA: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, PCR, DNA Sequencing, RAPD, RFLP, DNA Finger
printing, STR Typing.
Isolation of Proteins: SDS-PAGE, RIA, ELISA, FISH. Ames test, Comet Assay.
Microbiology: Microscope and its types. Histology and Staining techniques. Microbial culture and
preservation techniques.Host-parasite interaction, Microbial diseases, Bioterrorism and Biohazards.

Unit VII: Computer Fundamentals and Applications (20 Questions)

Computer Peripherals-Operating System Fundamentals- File Systems & Management -Processors –
Memory Devices - Network Fundamentals- Word Processing- Spread Sheets- Power Point Presentation-
Database Fundamentals - Web Fundamentals - Browsers-Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) - Java
Script- Web pages - Internet- Cloud Services- AIFundamentals and its Applications- Cyber Security -
Authentication - Firewalls-E-Commerce Applications- Data Protection- Messaging Tools -Mail Services -
Internet of Things (IoT).

Unit VIII: Fundamentals of Forensic Science and Crime Scene Investigation (20 Questions)
Forensic science - Definition- Organisation and functions of Forensic laboratory- Foot and tire Impressions:
Walking pattern- Finger prints: principles, patterns,classification - Identification of tool marks- Firearms,
bullet and cartridge case identification,Pellets and Wads - Fire and Arson - Explosives;classification-
Combustion, detonation and explosion- Military and Industrial Explosives - Physical evidence,classification
and significance- Crime scene examinations- Documentation-recognition,collection,preservation of
transportation for laboratory examinations- Fundamentals of Crime Scene Photography.

Unit IX: Advanced Forensic Techniques in Documents, Toxicological and Bio-Evidence

(20 Questions)
Questioned documents: Identification of Hand writing, Typed and Forged signatures - Broken glass: glass
fractions, direction of force - Forensic examination of soil and paints, polygraph and voice identification-
Toxicology: classification, mode of action of poison - Narcotic drugs,alcoholic beverages- Examination of
biological fluids: blood,seminal,vaginal and saliva stains-Examination of fibres,hair,bones,nail,teeth,
tissues and skull.

Unit X: Criminology, Penology and Victimology (20 Questions)

Concept of Crime - Nature and its Scope - Typology and Patterns of Crime - Schools of Criminology -
Causation of Crime- Theories of Crime: Psychological, Sociological and Tentative- Crime and Economic
Conditions - Media , Race and Crime- Organised Crimes - White Collar Crimes - Cyber Crimes - Sexual
Offenders - Green and Environmental Criminology - Alcoholism , Drug Addiction and Crime - Crimes of
the powerful - Methods and Counting Crime - Crime Statistics - Punishment: Theories, Forms of
Punishment and Judicial Sentencing - Capital Punishment - Criminal Law Courts - Prisons - Parole -
Juvenile Delinquency - Crime Prevention - Victimology: Branches of Victimology - Restorative Justice -
Risk and Protective factors - Formal and Informal responses to victimisation - Victims: Victimisation Cycle
- Stages, Effects and Theories of Victimisation

25. Social Work

(PG Degree Standard)
Code: 370
Unit I: Social Work Profession (20 Questions)
Definition and meaning: Historical evolution of Social Work – UK, USA and India; Growth of Social
Work as a Profession; Social Work concepts, methods, fields; international and national professional
bodies/ forums; status and problems of the profession in India.
Social Work ideologies: Socialism, marxism, equality, equity, social justice and humanitarianism;
Indian socio-cultural and religious thought, social reforms purusharthas; Gandhian Social Work;
contributions of religions- Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity; Rights based
approach.

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Philosophy of Social Work Profession: values, beliefs, principles and code of ethics; Social Work
theories; International Social Work – basic concepts, Global Agenda and Global standards for
practice; Human Rights and Social Work; Constitutional safeguards; India as a welfare state; role
and contributions of voluntary organizations, INGOs, NGOs and CSOs.

Unit II: Fundamentals of Sociology and Psychology (20 Questions)

Sociology Definition, meaning, scope and relevance to social work; basic sociological concepts:
Society-meaning, definition and types, structure, features; social institutions; concept of social system
and sub system, classification of social systems, culture: concept, characteristics, social stratification,
social processes- social control, social change in India, social movements, crime and delinquency;
social problems-poverty, inequality, casteism, causes and consequences.
Psychology: Definition, meaning and scope, Psychology and Social Work; lifespan, phases of
human growth and development, (Erik Erikson and Freud) needs, tasks and challenges, influence
of hereditary and environment; psychological processes for understanding behaviour, intelligence,
sensation, emotions, learning, memory, attitudes, behaviour, perceptions and prejudices; life events
and their impact on behaviour.

Unit III: Direct Methods of Social Work Practice–I (10 Questions)

Social Case Work: Historical development, CW as a direct method of Social Work, definition and
meaning, philosophy, values, principles, skills, components of social case work, case work
relationship; empathy, skills in building relationship, transference and counter transference; difference
between casework, counseling and psychotherapy for different target groups, the helping process,
approaches: Skills-referrals, interview, observation, collateral contact; types of recording, application
of CW in various settings; limitations of the method.
Social Group Work: Definition of group, types, and characteristics of groups; Historical development
of GW as a direct method in Social Work, definition and meaning, purpose, objectives, values, skills,
principles of GW, phases of group work process-group processes and dynamics-stages in group
development, the influence of new comers on group processes, isolation, rejection in groups, group-
bond, subgroups, clique, dyad, triad, group norms, group membership, group cohesiveness, group
pressure, group morale, leadership, team building, decision making, problem solving, conflict
management, communication; role clarity in a group; use of sociometry; Group Work models; social
goals model, remedial model, reciprocal model, Application in various settings; types of recording in
Group Work.

Unit IV: Direct Methods of Social Work Practice–II (10 Questions)

Community Organisation: Definition, philosophy, principles, goals, scope of CO; community as a
social system; sub systems; types and characteristics community power structure, community
dynamics, evolution of CO as a direct method in social work, community organization models:
Rothman- social planning, locality development and social action; Murray Ross-general content,
specific content and process objective; process and skills in community organisation.
Social Action: Concept, definition, aims and objectives, scope, social action as a method in social
work, paradigm of five elements: causes, change agent, change target, change channels, change
strategy, strategies and tactics for social action: channels topology; skills of a social activist, models
and approaches to social action: Paulo Freire- Martin Luther King ,Saul Alinsky, social action
movements in India- Narmada Bachao Andolan, Chipko movement, Dalit movements, women’s
movements, Contemporary Social Reforms movement.

Unit V: Indirect Methods of Social Work Practice-I (15 Questions)

Social Work Research: Definition, objectives, scope, characteristics and functions– scientific
method, concepts, variables, types of research, research as an indirect method of social work,
qualitative methods – case study, Ethnography, Grounded, Theory, Content Analysis, Narrative,
SWOC; quantitative research Methods-Tools and techniques inqualitative data collection:
Observation, focus group discussion, unstructured in-depth Interview; iteration, triangulation and
saturation. Mixed Methods: problem formulation: formulation of hypotheses; typology of research
designs; ethical issues; sampling: definition, types, techniques: probability and non- probability

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sampling; sampling errors; data sources; types of data-nominal, ordinal, discrete numeric,
continuous, sources of data; methods, tools and techniques of data collection, classification and
coding, tabulation, analysis and interpretation–research reporting.
Statistics: Meaning, definition, limitations and uses- frequency distribution- construction of frequency
tables–diagrammatic and graphical representation; measures of central tendency – mean, median,
mode, measures of dispersion- standard deviation, variance, quartile range, measures of correlation
and regression; tests of significance: hypothesis testing; Type I & Type II errors, Level of confidence,
degrees of freedom Chi square, ‘t’ test, reliability and validity methods; Scales: Rating scales, Attitude
scales–Likert, Thurstone, Guttman; using software for data analysis.

Unit VI: Indirect Methods of Social Work Practice-II (20 Questions)

Social Work Administration: Concept, definition, characteristics, Social work Administration as an
indirect method of Social work; Organizational structure, boards and committees: executive: functions
and qualities - administrative process: policy formation, planning, decision making, co- ordination,
communication; Human Resource Management: selection of staff, orientation, placement, service
conditions, promotions, discipline, welfare programmes for staff -financial administration: budgeting,
accounting, bookkeeping and fund-raising-office administration: office management and
maintenance of records- supervision, evaluation and public relations; Central Social Welfare Board,
State Social Welfare Board, Nehru Yuvak Kendra, Ministry of Social Defence Department of Social
Welfare; Role of Voluntary Agencies, Board, Trustee, Committees, Executives –Roles and Functions;
Laws related to NGOs; Registration of organizations: Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act 1975,
Trust Act 2001, Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act 1976, Tax Exemptions and Foreign grants;
Role and contribution of international funding organizations; Project and Project Cycle Management;
Project Proposal Writing, Overview of Logical Framework Analysis; Types and Steps, Format; Fund-
Raising (Types, Methods, Skills); Monitoring and Evaluation of Projects.

Unit VII: Specialization in Health Care and Social Work (15 Questions)
Health: Definition and concept; Healthcare approaches: patient as a person, psychosomatic
approach, holistic approach. Problem assessment process: Rehabilitation, definition, types and
principles, levels-prevention, promotion and tertiary; rehabilitation therapies; gender dimensions in
disability, rehabilitation in various settings – UN convention on the rights of persons with disabilities;
policies and programmes; Community –Based Rehabilitation.
Community health: Definition, health indicators, disease, sickness/illness, definition of public health,
changing concepts, primary healthcare: preventive, curative and social medicine. wellbeing, HDI;
Communicable and non-communicable diseases: causes, prevention and treatment, Primary Health
Care; Health Education; Skills of Social Worker in healthcare.
Concept of mental health: Magnitude of mental health problems, changing trends in mental
healthcare; psychiatric assessment: common mental disorders (as per ICD 10); mental health and
Well Being; definition, history and scope of psychiatric social work, changing perspectives of
psychiatric social work, application of methods in psychiatric settings-theory and models;
psychoanalytical, psycho social, transactional analysis, family therapy, crisis intervention, behaviour
therapy, rational emotive therapy, group therapy & strengths based approach; counselling: definition,
principles, goals, approaches and techniques- CBR and Community Mental Health, Mental Health
Act 2018.

Unit VIII: Specialization in Rural and Urban Community Development (35 Questions)
Rural Community development: Definition, philosophy, objectives, scope; history of RCD; Rural
development: need and importance, approaches, power structure, caste and untouchability, poverty
and indebtedness; land reform measures, Farm laws, agricultural laborers, marginal and small
farmers; water shed management;
Development Administration: Organization and administration of rural, tribal and urban
development from block to National levels. Panchayat systems and local self-government in India;
rural development programmes and policies; implementation strategies, PMERG, SUMCY, PMKVY
tribal communities: Adivasis, Indigenous, aborigines; tribal social systems and structures; types,
characteristics, tribal social systems and structures; belief systems, culture-indigenous vs.

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mainstream, Atrocities against SC/ST and Constitutional Provisions for the safeguard of SC/ST.
Urban Community development: Definition, philosophy and objectives, history of UCD, scope;
Slums: definition, causes, characteristics, functions, classification, approaches, theories and culture
of slums; in and out migration, urbanization, urbanism: theories of urbanization, Unorganized/Informal
sectors; urban services and urban deficiencies; 74th amendment and salient features of Nagarpalika
Act; structure and functions of Urban Development Agencies: Urban Development Programmes: role
of community development worker; rural, tribal and urban policies; tools and techniques for
development practice; Application of social work methods in rural, tribal and urban communities, Role
of CSR in Community Development.
Disaster: Definition, types, problems, Disaster Management and its process.

Unit IX: Specialization in Family and Child Social Work (35 Questions)
Family: Definition, concept, characteristics, types, functions, family patterns; marriage: forms,
functions, changing situations in marriage, challenges, separation and divorce; assessment of family
needs; laws on family and marriage; Gerontology and Geriatric Care: Definition, Theories of
Aging, Dimensions of Aging, disabilities; Interventions with older persons; Policies and programmes
for senior citizens -NPOP and Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act 2007,
stress management of caregivers, Role of government and non-governmental services, institutional
and non-institutional; hospice & palliative care.
Youth: Definition, demographic profile; Youth Policy–2014; needs of youth; impact of westernization,
modernization, urbanization and globalization; problems of youth; programmes for rural/urban youth,
career counselling, Organisations and Movements in India.
Women: Sex and gender, gender identity; gender stratification; sex ratio in India; feminism: concept,
meaning and definition and types; empowerment: concept, definition, types; GDI, GEM; Constitutional
provisions and protective laws for women; special initiatives and programmes for women,
national and state commissions; Convention on elimination of all forms of discrimination against
women and girls (CEDAW) 1982, micro finance and self-help groups (SHGs), challenges of Indian
women Status of Women in India, Problems of Women, Cyber Security.
Children: Demography; Constitutional safeguards; UNCRC, Post 2015 Development Agenda;
Common Problems of Children-School Dropouts, Truancy, street children, child labour, child abuse,
child trafficking, child prostitution, Child marriage, Teenage Pregnancy, Children and Gaming
Addiction, Social Media and related problems, disabled children, the girl child; Child services:
mechanisms, National commission for protection of child rights/ State commission for protection of
child rights, District Child protection Unit; Legislations for Protection of Children-POCSO, JJ Act,
Information Technology Act-2000; Approaches: Adoption – sponsorship and foster care, Institutional
Care; application of Social work methods in Family and Child setting.

Unit X: Specialization in Industrial Relations, Labour Welfare and Social Work (20 Questions)
Industrial Relations: Concept, characteristics, Industrial Relations at plant and shop floor level,
Industrial conflicts: concepts of industrial peace; cause and consequence of industrial conflict, strikes
and lock-outs; conflict resolution, meditation, conciliation: arbitration and adjudication; statutory and
non-statutory machinery for prevention and settlement of disputes. Trade Unions: Trade unionism in
India, role in Industrial relations.
Labour Welfare: Concept, definition, philosophies, need, objectives, principles, scope and limitations
of labour welfare; Historical development of labour welfare in India. Statutory and Non-Statutory
Welfare Provisions: Industrial Counseling- Pre-retirement, Quality of work life. Social security, social
security measures; Standardization, Wage policy, Wage incentives, bonus and profit sharing.
Collective Bargaining: Meaning, goal, phases, pre- requisites, principles, strategies and negotiation
skills, factors influencing collective bargaining, Role of Social worker in industrial setting.

HR System Concept and functions: HRM, HRD & HR; evolution, Asian trends; HRD system and
sub-systems; elements, goals, importance of HRD in Industry; 360 Degree feedback; leadership and
leadership development; mentors & modeling; Organizational commitment CSR in HR.

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 26. Statistics and Mathematics
(Degree Standard)
Code: 505
Unit I: Descriptive Statistics (12 Questions)
Uses, Scope and limitations of Statistics – Collection, Classification and Tabulation of data – Diagrammatic
and Graphical representations – Measures of location, dispersion, skewness and kurtosis – Correlation
and regression – Curve fitting – Linear and quadratic equations by the method of least squares.

Unit II: Probability Theory and Probability Distribution (30 Questions)

Probability – Addition, Multiplication and Baye’s Theorems and their applications. Random variables –
Univariate and Bivariate – Probability distributions – Marginal and conditional distributions – Mathematical
expectations – Moments – Moment generating functions – Characteristic function and cumulant generating
functions - Discrete distributions –Binomial, Poisson, Geometric distributions, Continuous distributions –
Uniform, exponential, normal distribution- Sampling distributions and Standard error – Student’s “t”, Chi-
square and F – Distributions and their applications.

Unit III: Estimation Theory and Test of Hypothesis (30 Questions)

Estimation – Point estimation – Properties of estimators – Cramer-Rao inequality, Rao-Blackwell theorem,
MLE and method of moments estimation – Interval estimation for population mean and variance based on
small and large samples.
Hypothesis testing – Null and Alternative Hypotheses – Types of errors – Level of Significance – Test
procedures for large and small samples – t, F, Chi-square and Z Tests.

Unit IV: Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments (24 Questions)

Simple random sampling – Stratified, systematic, cluster (Single stage) – Estimation of mean and variance
in SRS – Sample Survey Organisation – CSO and NSO – Sampling and non-sampling errors.
Analysis of Variance – Principles of design – CRD, RBD and LSD – 22 Factorial experiments.

Unit V: Time Series and Vital Statistics (12 Questions)

Time series – Components of time series – Trend and Seasonal Variations – Determination and
elimination.
Vital Statistics – Importance – Collection – Mortality and its measurements – Life table construction and
uses – Fertility and its measurements.

Unit VI: Statistical Computing using MS-Excel and SPSS(12 Questions)

Introduction to MS-Excel – MS-Excel Options using Excel Shortcuts – Link the Data in Rows, Columns
and Sheet – Functions: Logical Functions – Math and Statistical Functions – Charts-Plotting Density
Function and Distribution Function. Understanding on the usage of Statistical Package SPSS.

Unit VII: Algebra and Calculus (25 Questions)

Theory of Equations: Relations between roots and Coefficients – Complex roots – Irrational roots – Related
roots - Transformations of equations – Reciprocal equations.
Matrix Theory: Symmetric – Skew Symmetric – Hermitian – Skew Hermitian – Orthogonal and Unitary
Matrices – Rank of a matrix – Consistency and Solutions of Linear Equations – Cayley Hamilton Theorem
– Eigen values and Eigen Vectors.
Differential Calculus: nth derivative – Leibnitz’s theorem and its applications.
Integral Calculus: Methods of integration – Properties of definite integrals – Double Integrals – triple
integrals – Beta and Gamma functions and their properties.

Unit VIII: Differential Equations Laplace Transforms and Vetor calculus (25 Questions)
First order but of higher degree equations – solvable for p, solvable for x, solvable for y, Clairaut’s form.
Second order differential equations with constant coefficients with particular integrals for eax, xm, cosmx,
sinmx, eax cosmx, eax sinmx.
Partial Differential equations: Formation of Partial Differential equations by eliminating arbitrary constants
and arbitrary functions – First order Partial Differential equations – Complete integral – Singular integral –

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General integral – Charpit’s method – standard types f(p,q)=0, f(x,p,q)=0, f(y,p,q)=0, f(z,p,q)=0 and
f(x,p)=f(y,q) – Clairaut’s form and Lagrange’s equations – Pp+Qq=R.
Laplace transform – Inverse Laplace transform (usual types) – applications of Laplace transform to solution
of first and second order linear differential equations (constant coefficients).
Vector Differentiation: Gradient, divergence, curl, directional derivative, unit normal to a surface.
Vector integration: line, surface and volume integrals – Applications of Gauss, Stokes and Green’s
theorems – simple problems.

Unit IX: Algebraic Structures (15 Questions)

Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups and properties of cyclic groups – Lagrange’s Theorem – Normal
subgroups – Homomorphism – Permutation groups.
Vector Spaces: Definition and examples – linear dependence and independence – dual spaces –inner
product spaces.

Unit X: Real and Complex Analysis (15 Questions)

Sets and Functions: Sets and elements – Operations on sets – functions – real valued functions –
equivalence – countability – real numbers – least upper bounds.
Sequences of Real Numbers: Definition of a sequence and subsequence – limit of a sequence –
convergent sequences – divergent sequences – bounded sequences – monotonic sequences.
Series of Real Numbers – Convergence and divergence – series with non-negative numbers – alternating
series – conditional convergence and absolute convergence.
Analytic functions: Functions of a complex variable – limits – theorems of limits – continuity - derivatives –
differentiation formula - Cauchy-Riemann equations, sufficient conditions – Cauchy – Riemann equations
in polar form – Harmonic functions.
Complex Integrals: Definite integrals – Cauchy’s theorem - Cauchy’s integral formula – Formula for higher
derivatives.

27. Statistics and Mathematics

(PG Degree Standard)
Code: 506
Unit I: Probability and Distribution Theory (25 Questions)
Random variables and Distribution function, Distribution function of a random vector – Mathematical
expectation and conditional expectation
Chebychev’s inequality – Convergence in probability – Convergence in distributions – Weak and Strong
laws of large numbers – Central limit theorems (Lindeberg-Levy, Liapunov’s)
Introduction to distributions:
Discrete distributions: Negative binomial and Hyper geometric distributions
Continuous distributions: Cauchy, Beta, Gamma, Weibull and Log-Normal.
Sampling distributions: Non central t, F and Chi-square distributions and their properties – Bivariate
Binomial, Poisson Normal and their properties.

Unit II: Estimation Theory and Testing of Hypotheses (25 Questions)

Introduction to estimation theory and properties of estimators.
Theorems and inequalities: Cramer – Rao inequality, Batacharya inequality, Rao – Blackwell, Neyman –
Fisher factorization theorems with examples.
Methods of estimation: Method of moments, Maximum likelihood, Minimum Chi-Square and method of
least squares, Bayesian estimation – Introduction -Point and interval estimation and Bayes estimator under
squared error loss function.
Introduction to testing of hypotheses: Basic concepts and - More powerful Test - Neyman – Pearson
lemma: UMP and unbiased tests – MLR property and its uses for construction of UMP tests.
Non-Parametric tests: Run test, Median test, Mann-whitney test, Wilcoxon test, Kolmogoro-Smirnov test
(one and two sample test procedures), Kruskal-Wallis test and SPRT test

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Unit III: Regression analysis (20 Questions)
Introduction to linear regression model – Simple and multiple regression models: Description of data model
– Estimation and testing of hypotheses on regression coefficients – Adequacy measures – Predicted
values and standard error – Evaluation of fit – Analysis of residuals.
Multicolinearity and its effects on inference and forecasting – Selection of variables – Forward selection
procedure (step-wise method).
Introduction to Generalized Linear Models: Components of GLM – Logistic regression model-
Classification in two population, Fitting and interpretation.

Unit IV: Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments (25 Questions)

Ratio and Regression estimators, estimation under double sampling – Cluster sampling – Two stage
sampling – Sampling and Non sampling errors.
Contrasts: Linear and orthogonal contrasts – Linear models: Fixed, random.
Principles of experimental designs – Construction and analysis of 23 and 32 factional experiments – Partial
and complete confounding – BIBD- PBIBD (Two Associates only) - Youden Square design.

Unit V: Statistical Quality Control and Time series (15 Questions)

Acceptance sampling: Sampling inspection – AOQL, LTPD, Producers’ and consumers’ risks – Single,
double, sampling plans for attributes and variables – OC, ASN, ATI and AOQ curves. Six sigma – Over
view and implementation.
Time series – Components, uses – Determination of trend by Method of moving averages, fitting of first
and second order degree, seasonal indices and the estimate of the variance for random components,
autoregressive, moving averages and ARIMA models.

Unit VI: Machine Learning Techniques through R and Python Languages (10 Questions)
Overview of R language – Defining the R project – Objects and data structures – Graphics using R
language – Calculation of measures of central tendency, dispersion, correlation and fitting of regression
lines (Linear and logistic).
Overview of Python Language – Regular expressions –Scientific libraries: Numpy, Scipy, Matplotlib and
Pandas.
Machine Learning: Supervised learning – Classification (KNN and Naïve Bayes) and Regression (Linear
and Logistic) techniques – Unsupervised learning (Clustering methods).

Unit VII: Algebra and Functional Analysis (20 Questions)

Algebra:
Groups – Subgroups – Normal subgroups – homomorphisms – Isomophism – Cayley’s theorem –
Cauchy’s theorem – Sylow’s theorem – Finite ablian groups – Rings – Euclidean rings – Polynomial rings
– Polynomial over the rational field – Polynomials over Commutative rings – Division rings – Frobenius
theorem.
Field: Finite fields – Wedderburn’s theorem, Extension Fields. Functional Analysis:
Fundamentals of normed Linear spaces, bounded Linear maps on Banach spaces, open mapping
theorem, Bounded operators of Hilbert spaces.

Unit VIII: Real and Complex Analysis (20 Questions)

Limit, Continuity, types of discontinuities, infinite limits, function of bounded variation, metric spaces.
Reimann Integral –Fundamental theorem of calculus – mean value theorem. Reimann Stieltjes Integral.
Complex Analysis:
Local properties of analytic functions – Removable singularities Taylor’s theorem - Zeros and poles, local
mapping – maximum principle – Harmonic functions – power series expansions – Weierstrassis theorem
– Taylor’s series, Laurents series.

Unit XI: Differential Equations(20 Questions)

Linear differential equations of higher order – Linear dependence and Wronskian basic theory – solutions
in power series – Introduction to second order linear equations with ordinary points. Legendre equations
and legender polynomial, Second order equations with regular singular points, Bessel equations. Partial

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differential equations; first order, Complete Integral, General Integral, Singular Integral, Compatible
systems of first order equation, Charpit’s method.

Unit X: Differential Geometry (20 Questions)

Curves, analytic representation, arc length, tangent, oscillating plane, Curvature, torsion, formula of
Frenet, Contact, natural equations, helices, involutes & evolutes, Elementary theory of surfaces – Analytic
representation – first & second fundamental forms, normal – tangent form, developable surfaces, Euler’s
theorem, Dupin’s indicatries – Conjugate directions, Triply orthogonal system of surface.

28. Statistics, Mathematics and Economics

(Degree Standard)
Code: 504
Unit I: Algebra and Differential Calculus (20 Questions)
Theory of Equations: Relations between roots and Coefficients – Complex roots – Irrational roots –
Related roots – Transformations of equations – Reciprocal equations.
Matrix Theory: Symmetric – Skew Symmetric – Hermitian – Skew Hermitian – Orthogonal and Unitary
Matrices – Rank of a matrix – Consistency and solutions of Linear Equations – Cayley Hamilton Theorem –
Eigen values and Eigen Vectors.
Differential Calculus: nth derivative – Leibnitz’s theorem and its applications – Partial differentiation –
Maxima and Minima of functions of two independent variables.

Unit II: Integral Calculus and Differential Equations (20 Questions)

Integral Calculus: Methods of integration – Properties of definite integrals – Reduction formulae – Double
Integrals –triple integrals – Applications to area, surface and volume – simple problems.
First order but of higher degree equations – solvable for p, solvable for x, solvable for y – simple problems.
Second order differential equations with constant coefficients with particular integrals for eax,, cosmx,
sinmx, eax sinmx – simple problems.
Partial Differential equations: Formation of partial differential equations by eliminating arbitrary constants
and arbitrary functions – First order P.D.E. – complete integral – Singular integral – general integral –
standard types f(p,q) = 0, f(z,p,q) = 0, f(x,y,p,q)=0, Clairaut’s form and Lagrange’s equations – simple
problems.

Unit III: Vector Calculus and Operations Research (25 Questions)

Vector Differentiation: Gradient, divergence, curl, directional derivative, unit normal to a surface.
Vector Integration: line, surface and volume integrals – Applications of Gauss, Stokes and Green’s
Theorems – simple problems.
Linear programming: Formulation – graphical solution – simplex method – Big-M method –
Transportation problem – Assignment problem.
PERT and CPM: project network diagram – Critical path – PERT computations.
Inventory models: Basic concepts – EOQ models (i) Uniform demand rate infinite production rate with
no shortages models (ii) Uniform demand rate with finite production rate with no shortages models.

Unit IV: Descriptive Statistics and Fitting of Simple equations (20 questions)
Introduction to Statistics, Uses, scope and limitations - Collection, Classification and Tabulation of data -
Diagrammatic and Graphical representations of Data – Measures of location, dispersion, skewness and
kurtosis – Bivariate data- Scatter diagram – Correlation, Partial correlation and regression – Fitting of
Linear and quadratic equations by the method of least squares.

Unit V: Probability and Statistical Inference (25 questions)

Introduction to Probability - Addition, Multiplication and Baye’s Theorems and simple applications. Random
variables and Expectation– Univariate Probability distributions – Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, exponential
and normal distributions (Mean & Variance). Sampling Techniques – Simple Random Sampling –
Stratified and Cluster (Single Stage) - Estimation – Properties, Point Estimation by the method MLE. Tests
of Hypothesis – Important terminology – Test procedures for large and small samples (z, t, Chi-square, F).

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Unit VI: Time Series, Index Numbers and Statistical computing using MS-Excel (20 Questions)
Time series – Components – Determination of Trend (Moving Average, Linear Trend by LSE) – Index
Numbers – Construction of Simple, weighted Cost of living index numbers.
Statistical Computing using MS-Excel: Introduction to MS-Excel – MS-Excel Options using Excel
Shortcuts – Link the Data in Rows, Columns and Sheet - Functions: Logical Functions -Math and Statistical
Functions – Regular Charts-Plotting Density Function and Distribution Function.

Unit VII: Micro Economics (15 Questions)

(a) Definition, Scope and Importance of Micro Economics – Law of Demand – Elasticity of Demand –
Utility Analysis – Consumer Surplus. (b) Production Function – Factors of Production – Producer’s Surplus
– Economies of scale – Cost and Revenue curves in the Short-run and Long-run – Welfare Criteria – Adam
Smith, Bentham, Marshall, Pigou and Kaldor.

Unit VIII: Macro Economics (15 Questions)

Definition, Nature and Scope of Macro Economics – Circular flow of Income in an Open Economy –
National Income Accounting – Definition – Concepts: GNP, NNP, GDP, NDP, Personal Income, Per
Disposable Income & Personal Savings, Per Capita Income – Keynesian Psychological Law of
Consumption – Investment function – Marginal Efficiency of Capital – Multiplier – Accelerator.
Inflation – Deflation – CPI – WPI – Phases of Trade cycle.

Unit IX: Stabilisation Policies (20 Questions)

(a) Monetary Policy: Barter System – Demand for and supply of money – Functions of money, Functions of
Central and Commercial Banks – Money Multiplier – Monetary Policy Instruments – SLR, CRR, OMO &
LAF – Functions of Money Market – Capital Market.
(b) Fiscal Policy: Taxation – Types of Taxes – Canons of Taxation – Public Expenditure – Causes and
Growth – Types of Public Expenditure – Public Debt – Internal and External Public Debt - Budget – Deficit
and deficit financing – FRBM (Fiscal Regulation and Budgetary Management) – Fiscal Federalism.

Unit X: Indian Economy: (20 Questions)

(a) Agriculture: Contribution of the Agriculture sector to National Income and Employment – Agriculture
Price Policies – Agriculture Statistics – Modern Technology in Agriculture Statistics – Agriculture Finance
and Marketing.
(b) Industry: Contribution of the Industrial Sector to National Income and Employment – MSME and
Large Scale Industries – Industrial Policy Resolutions – Industrial finance.
(c) Service Sector: Contribution of the Services Sector to National Income and Employment –Transport,
Communication and IT Sectors.
(d) Economics of Planning: Five Year Plans – Planning Commission – Finance Commission – NITI
Aayog – Government Welfare and Employment Generation Programmes.
(e) Population: Demographic transition and Demographic Statistics – Poverty Alleviation Programmes

29. ரபு கட்டடக்கழல ற்றும் சிற்பக்கழல

(Traditional Architecture and Sculpture)
(பட்டப்படிப்பு தரம்)
குறியீடு: 511
அலகுI: தகொயில் கட்டடக்கழல ற்றும் சிற்பக்கழல இலக்கணம்: (30 வினொக்கள்)
ஆெொதி – பதவின்ெொேம் – ண்பரிதேொ தழன – அஸ்திவொரம் – அளழவகள் – ேொந்தொர – நிரந்தொர வி ொனங்கள் –
ேொந்திகம் முதலொன வி ொன உெர்நிர்ணெம், பிரகொரலட்ேணம், பரிவொரலட்ேணம், ண்டபலட்ேணம்,
தகொபுரலட்ேணம் – ரபுேொர்ந்த கட்டடக்கழல நூல்கள் – ேொதி ேந்த விகல்ப ஆலெங்கள் – உபபீடம், அதிட்டொனம்,
பொதம், பிரஸ்தரம், கண்டம், சிகரம், ஸ்தூபி, கும்பலதொ, விருத்தஸ்புடிதம், தகொஷ்டபஞ்ேரம் – ததொரணம் – கருவழற
– அர்த ண்டபம் – முக ண்டபம் – சுற்றுபிரொகொர ண்டபம் - வொகன ண்டபம் – துவஜஸ்தம்பம் - பலிபீடம் – ததர் –
குளம், வி ொனம் ற்றும் தகொபுரங்களின் உெரநிர்ணெ அளவீடுகள் (1 முதல் 13 தளங்கள் வழர) சிற்பத்துழற
அளழவகள் - படி வழககள் - அறுவழக ொனங்கள் -தொள ொனங்கள் – மதய்வத்திருத னி உெரநிர்ணெம் – பங்க
இலக்கணம் – ஆழட ஆபரணங்கள் - தழலக்தகொலங்கள் - ழகமுத்திழரகள் – ஆேனங்கள் – ஆயுதங்கள் ற்றும்
லிங்கத்திருத ணிகள், 32 கணபதிகள் - 16 சுப்ர ணிெர்கள் - 16 சிவமூர்த்தங்கள் – ேப்த ொதர்கள்

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ேக்திதிருத னிகள் – ேப்ததொண்டவம் - 63 ெொென் ொர்கள் – அஷ்டதிக்பொலகர்கள் தே அவதொரப் படி ங்கள்
விஷ்ணுவின் நின்ற, அ ர்ந்த ற்றும் கிடந்த திருக்தகொலங்கள் – தெொகம், தபொகம், வீரம் ஆபிேொரிக வழககள் - 12
ஆழ்வொர்கள் – கருட ற்றும் ஆஞ்ேதெெர் இலட்ேணம். உதலொகப் படி ங்களின் முக்கிெத்துவம் –
உற்ேவப்தபரம்பலிதபரம், ஸ்ெபனதபரம், மகௌதுகதபரம் – மேப்புத்திருத னிகளின் அளவு முழறகள் –
கருக்கட்டுதல் – உதலொககலழவ முழறகள்- வொர்ப்பு மேய்தல் – உதலொகப் படி ங்கழள பொதுகொத்தல் ற்றும்
பரொ ரித்தல்.

அலகுII : கட்டு ொன மபொறியிெல் (20 வினொக்கள்)

கட்டு ொனப் மபொருட்களின் தரம் ற்றும் உறுதித்தன்ழ (Strength of Materials), கட்டழ ப்பின் இெக்கவிெல்
(Mechanics of Structure), அமுக்கம் ற்றும் இழுவிழே (Simple stress and strain), மபொருண்ழ த்
தன்ழ களின் மபொறியிெல் ததொற்றம் (geometrical properties of section), உத்திரங்கள் ற்றும் வழளவுகள்
(Beams and bending), தூண்கள் ற்றும் க ொன்கள் (columns all Struts, Arches) – கட்டு ொன வழரவு ற்றும்
வழரபடம் (Structural Design Drawing), கட்டு ொன மபொறியிெல் (Structural Engineering), இருபுற சுவர்
த ல்வருகின்ற வலுவூக்கிெ சிம ண்ட்கற்கொழர உத்திரம் (Simply supported reinforced beem),
ஒருவழிபலழக (one way slab), Sheer and bend, இருவழி வலுவூக்கிெ சிம ண்ட்கற்கொழர உத்திரம் (Doubly
Reinforced Beem), இருவழிபலழக (Two way slabs), டி- வடிவ உத்திரம் (T beam), தூண்கீழ் அடுக்கு (Colomn
footing), கட்டழ ப்புகளின் தகொட்பொடு (Theory of structures), த ன்ழ ப்படுத்தப்பட்ட சிம ண்ட்கற்கொழர
(Advanced RCC), ஒருங்கிழணந்த இழணப்பு ற்றும் தெரடிெொன அமுக்குவிழே (Combined Bonding and
Direct Stress), முன்அழுத்தப்பட்ட சிம ண்ட்கற்கொழர (Prestressedconcrete), றுவடிவழ க்கப்பட்ட கம்பிகள்
(Deformed bars), அளக்ழகயிெல் (Quantity survey), திப்பீடு ற்றும் விழலவிவரம் (Estimate and costing).

அலகு III : இந்திெ ே ெங்கள் ற்றும் தத்துவம் (10 வினொக்கள்)

இந்திெ ே ெங்களின் ததொற்றம், வளர்ச்சி ற்றும் மகொள்ழககள் – ழேவம், ழவணவம், ேொக்தம், கொணொபத்திெம்,
மகௌ ொரம், மேௌரம், ழஜனம் ற்றும் மபௌத்தம் – ே ெக் மகொள்ழககள் – கிரொ ததவழதகள். இந்திெத்தத்துவம்
– தவதம் – ே ெக் மகொள்ழக, ேடங்குகள் ற்றும் தத்துவ விளக்கம் – உபநிடதங்களின் ழ ெக்கருத்து, பிரம் ம்,
ஆத் ொ ற்றும் பிரபஞ்ேவிளக்கம் – கடவுள்மகொள்ழக – நிெொெ, ழவதேசிக பிர ொணங்கள், ேொங்கிெ, தெொகம்,
பிரகிருதி - புருஷன் – பிரபஞ்ேத்தின் ததொற்றக்மகொள்ழக – தவதொந்தம் – அத்ழவதம், துழவதம்,
விசிஷ்டொத்ழவதம் – ழேவசித்தொந்த மகொள்ழக விளக்கம்.

அலகு IV: இந்திெ தகொயில் கட்டடக்கழல ற்றும் சிற்பக்கழல வரலொறு (15 வினொக்கள்)
பண்ழடெகொல சிற்பங்கள் ற்றும் கட்டடங்களின் ததொற்றம் – சிந்து ே மவளி ெொகரிக கட்டு ொனங்கள் ற்றும்
சிற்பங்கள் – முத்திழரகள் – சித்திர எழுத்துக்கள் – தவதகொல கட்டடக்கழல – ம ளரிெகொல மபௌத்த
கட்டடக்கழல ற்றும் சிற்பக்கழல – சுங்க, ேொதவொகனர்கொல கழலகள் – குப்தர்கொல கட்டு ொனக் தகொயில்கள்
ற்றும் சிற்பங்கள் – ேொளுக்கிெர்கொல குழடவழரக்தகொயில் ற்றும் கட்டு ொனக்தகொயில்கள் –
இரொஷ்டிரகூடகொல தகொயில் ற்றும் சிற்பங்கள் – கலிங்க கட்டடக்கழல ற்றும் சிற்பக்கழலயின் தனித்துவம்
– ஒய்ேொளர் வரலொறும், அவர்களது கழல பங்களிப்பும்.

அலகுV : தமிைக தகொயில் கட்டடக்கழல ற்றும் சிற்பக்கழல வரலொறு (20 வினொக்கள்)

ேங்ககொல கட்டடக்கழல, பல்லவர்கொலம், முற்கொலபொண்டிெர், தேொைர் – விஜெெகரர் – ெொெக்கர், 19ம் நூற்றொண்டு
தகொயில்கள் ேங்ககொல கட்டடக்கழல – (ேொளுவொன்குப்பம்) – பல்லவர்கொல குடவழரகள் – ஒற்ழறகல்தளிகள்,
கட்டு ொனதகொயில்கள், முற்கொல பொண்டிெர்களின் குழடவழரகள், மவட்டுத்தளி, கட்டுத்தளிகள் – முத்தழரெர்,
தவளிர், பழுதவட்டழரெர், முற்கொலதேொைர் – தேொைர்கள் – பிற்கொலதேொைர்கள் – பிற்கொல பொண்டிெர்கள் –
ண்டபங்கள் – தகொபுரங்கள் – விஜெெகரகொலம் – ெொெக்கர்கொலம். முக்கிெ தகொயில்களின் அடிப்பழட
அழ ப்புகள் – ொ ல்லபுரம் கடற்கழரக்தகொயில், கொஞ்சிழகலொேெொதர் தகொயில், பன ழல தொளகிரீஸ்வரர்
தகொயில், ெொர்த்தொ ழல விஜெொலெதேொழீஸ்வரர் ,தஞ்ழேமபரிெதகொயில், துழர மீனொட்சிெம் ன் தகொயில்,
திருவரங்கம், திருவண்ணொ ழல, திருவில்லிபுத்தூர், தமிைர்களின் கட்டடக்கழலயின் தனித்துவம் – ெொகர,
திரொவிட, தவேரம் ேொர்ந்த கட்டடக்கழல ஒப்பீடு – பூம்புகொர், ேொலுவொன்குப்பம் கட்டு ொனங்கள்.
தமிைர்களின் மதொன்ழ வழிபொடு - கிரொ ததவழதகளின் ததொற்றம் – ெடுகல்சிற்பங்கள் – ொரிெம் ன் – இேக்கி
அம் ன், ஐய்ெனொர், கருப்பேொமி, ொடேொமி, தபச்சி அம் ன், முனீஸ்வரன், மபரிெொண்டவர் – ெொகவழிபொடு –
புற்றுவழிபொடு, ேப்தகன்னிகள் வழிபொடு, அண்ணன் ொர் வழிபொடு

அலகுVI: மதொல்லிெல் – கல்மவட்டிெல் ற்றும் பரொ ரிப்பு முழறகள் (15 வினொக்கள்)

மதொல்லிெலின் உட்பிரிவுகள் – கல்மவட்டிெல், ெொணெவிெல், த ற்பரப்புகள ஆய்வு, அகைொய்வு, ஆழ்கடல்
அகைொய்வு, அருங்கொட்சிெங்கள், கழலச்சின்னங்கள் பரொ ரிப்பு முழறகள் ற்றும் ேட்டங்கள் யுமனஸ்தகொ
பொரம்பரிெ சின்னங்கள் – மெறிமுழறகள் – கல்மவட்டுகளின் வழககள், மேப்தபடுகள் – எழுத்துக்களின்

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வழககள், தமிழி, வட்மடழுத்து, தமிழ், கிரந்தம் – ெொகரி – எழுத்துக்கள் ற்றும் அவற்றின் கொலம் ற்றும் வளர்ச்சி
– கல்மவட்டுக்களின் முக்கிெத்துவம் – படிமெடுக்கும் முழற ற்றும் பொதுகொப்பு – புணரழ ப்பின் தபொது
கல்மவட்டுகழள பொதுகொப்பதின் தெொக்கம் ற்றும் முக்கிெத்துவம்.

அலகுVII: தகொயில் நிர்வொகமும் இந்துே ெ அறநிழலெத்துழற ேட்டங்களும் (20 வினொக்கள்)

ே ெம், ேமூகம், மபொருளொதொரம், கழல, கல்வி, ருத்துவம், நீதி, நிர்வொகம் இவற்றுக்கொன ழ ெ ொக திகழும்
தகொயில்கள் குறித்து விளக்கம். முற்கொலத்தில் தகொயில் நிர்வொகத்ழத த ற்மகொண்ட ஊர், ேழப, வணிகக்
குழுக்கள், சித்திரத ழி தபொன்ற நிர்வொக அழ ப்புகள்
ஸ்ரீருத்ரர், ஸ்ரீ தகஸ்வரர், ஸ்ரீழவஷ்ணவர், ததவகன்மி, கணக்கர் இவர்கள் த ற்மகொண்ட தகொயில் நிர்வொகம்
தொனம் ற்றும் இதர ஆதொரங்கள் மூல ொக மபறும் வருவொய்கள் தொனம் மூல ொக மபறப்படும் நிலங்கள் ற்றும்
விழலக்கு வொங்குதல் – உரிழ ொற்றம் நிலவிற்பழனகள் தகொயில்கள் கருவூலம் – வட்டிக்கு பணம்
வைங்குதல் தபொன்ற வங்கி மேெல்பொடுகள், தகொயில்களுக்கு தொன ொக வைங்கப்பட்ட கொல்ெழடகழள
பரொ ரித்தல் ற்றும் அதன் மூல ொக மபறப்படும் வருவொய்கள் – மெய், பொல்மபொருட்கழள தகொயில்நிர்வொகம்
அபிதஷகம் ற்றும் தீபத்திற்கொக பென்படுத்துதல். குற்றச்மேெல்களுக்கு தொன ொக மபறப்படும் மபொருட்கழள
நிர்வகித்தல் தகொயில் பணிெொளர்களின் பணிகள் ற்றும் அவர்களின் ஊதிெத்ழத நிர்ணயித்தல்
பொழளெக்கொரர்கள் ற்றும் பொடிக்கொவலர்களின் நிர்வொகமுழற ஆங்கிதலெர் கொலத்தில் தகொயில்நிர்வொகம் –
பரம்பழர ற்றும் ததர்ந்மதடுக்கப்பட்ட தகொயில் நிர்வொகபணிகள் – ததவஸ்தொனம், ததவேம் நிர்வொகம் – தகொயில்
நிர்வொகச் ேட்டங்கள் – இந்துே ெ அறநிழலெ ேட்டங்கள் ற்றும் சிறப்பு ேட்டங்கள் – திருப்பதி ததவஸ்தொனம்
தபொன்றழவ. அரசு நிர்வகிக்கும் இந்துே ெ அறநிழலெத்துழற நிர்வொகம்.

அலகுVIII : கட்டு ொனநிர்வொகம் (20 வினொக்கள்)

திட்டமிடுதலும் நிர்வகித்தலும்
கட்டு ொன திட்டமிடல்
கட்டு ொன ஒப்பந்தம்
ஒப்பந்தபுள்ளியும் ஒப்பந்த அறிவிக்ழகயும்
கட்டு ொன மேெலொக்கம்
பணிக்கொன மதொழகழெ வைங்குதல்
இருப்பு கிடங்கு
பணிெொளர் ற்றும் மதொழிற்கூட நிர்வொகம்
வங்கி கணக்குகழள பரொ ரித்தல்

அலகு IX: தகொயில்பரொ ரிப்பு (25 வினொக்கள்)

வழரெழற – தெொக்கம் – மெறிமுழறகள் – மதொன்ழ த்தன்ழ ொறொ ல் அதன்அேல் தன்ழ தெொடு
பொதுகொத்தலின் மெறிமுழறகள் – சீரழ ப்பும், புனர்நிர் ொனம் ஆகிெவற்றின் தெொக்கமும் ததழவயும்
கல்கட்டு ொனங்களில் ஏற்படும் சிழதவுகள், விரிேல்கள் ஆகிெவற்றிழன ேரிமேய்தல் – இதற்கொன நுட்பங்கள்
கட்டு ொனமபொருட்களின் அடிப்பழடயில் பொதுகொத்தல், சீரழ த்தல் ற்றும் புனர்நிர் ொனம் (கல் - மேங்கல் –
ரம் – உதலொகம்) இெற்ழக ற்றும் தபரிடர்களொல் அஸ்திவொரங்களில் ஏற்படும் பொதிப்புகழள ேரிமேய்தல் –
ஈரப்பதத்தினொல் சுவர்களில் ஏற்படும் பொதிப்புகழள ேரிமேய்தல் – இந்துே ெ அறநிழலெத் துழறயின் பொதுகொப்பு
மெறிமுழறகள் உப்பு அரிப்பு ற்றும் கட்டடங்களில் வளரும் மேடிகழள அகற்றும் முழறகள்

அலகுX: ஆக ங்கள் ற்றும் தமிழ்இலக்கிெங்களில் தகொயில் கட்டடக்கழல குறித்த குறிப்புகள்

(25 வினொக்கள்)
ழேவொக ம் – 28 ழேவொக ங்கள் ததொற்றமும் வளர்ச்சியும் – தவதம் ற்றும் ஆக ம் – உபநிடதம் ற்றும் ஆக ம்
– ஆக ம் ற்றும் ே ெ ஆச்ேொரிெொர்கள் – ஆக த்தின் உட்பிரிவுகள் – ஆக த்தின் முக்கிெத்துவம் – ஆக ம்
ற்றும் ழேவசிந்தொந்த விளக்கம் – ஆக ங்கள் தகொயில்கழள திட்டமிடுதலும் ெழடமுழறப்படுத்துதலும் –
கொமிகொ த்தில் கட்டடக்கழல குறிப்புகள் – வொதுளொக ம், மரௌரத்ர ஆக ங்களில் கட்டடக்கழல ழவணவ
ஆக ங்கள் ழவகொனே ற்றும் பொஞ்ேரொத்ர ஆக ங்களில் தகொயில் கட்டடக்கழல குறித்த குறிப்புகள் –
ழவணவ ஆக ங்கள் ததொற்றமும் வளர்ச்சியும் – ஆக த்தின்உட்பிரிவுகள் – ஆக ங்களின் முக்கிெத்துவம் –
விஷ்ணுவின் 10 அவதொரங்களின் விளக்கம் – ழவணவத்தில் குடமுழுக்கு – ழவணவ ஆக ங்களில் தகொயில்
கட்டடக்கழல – ரீச்சிேம்ஹிழத - பொத் ேம்ஹிழத - அத்ரிேம்ஹிழத – பிரகத்ேம்ஹிழத இழவகளில்
கட்டடக்கழல ற்றும் சிற்பக்கழல விளக்கம் – சுப்ரதபதொக ம் - வி ொனொர்ச்ேனகல்பம் – கு ொரதந்திரம்
ஆகிெவற்றில் கட்டடக்கழல.
தமிழ் இலக்கிெங்களில் கட்டடக்கழல
கம்பரொ ொெணம் – ெகரபடலம் (பொடல்எண். 7-13, 19, 23-30)
கலிங்கத்துபரணி – 4 தகொயில் பொடிெது (பொடல்எண். 1-11)

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மெடுெல்வொழட (வரி 72-130)
துழரக்கொஞ்சி (வரி 351-356)
பட்டினப்பொழல (வரி 142-145, 261-264, 285-287)
சிந்தொ ணி – கொந்தருவதத்ழதெொர் இலம்பகம் (பொடல் 590-595)
தணிழகபுரொணம் – அகத்திெர் அருள்மபறும் படலம் (பொடல் 64-79)
ததவொரத்தில் அப்பர் பொசுரங்கள்
மபரிெபுரொணம் – பூேலொர்ெொெனொர்
பரிபொடல்
சிலப்பதிகொரம் – குன்றக்குரழவ, தவட்டுவவரி, அரங்தகற்றக்கொழத (அடிெொர்க்குெல்லொர் உழர)

30. Translation (Descriptive Type)

(Degree Standard)
Code: 462
Translation of the following from English to Tamil:

(a) State Acts, Bills, Ordinances, Rules and Notifications made thereunder. (145 Marks)
(b) Central Acts, Ordinances, Rules and Notifications made thereunder. (105 Marks)
(c) Legal Terms / Legal Maxims. (50 Marks)

31. Translation and Precis Writing

(Degree Standard)
(Descriptive Type)

Code: 099
Translation English to Tamil
Section – A (120 Marks)
1) An official letter in English pertaining to Government correspondence or a Government Order
(G.O.) (60 Marks)
The Letter or G.O. should not exceed 400 words. All technical terms and unfamiliar phrases are
to be explained in a simple manner in an accompanying key in the question paper.
2) A 400 word editorial or an inspiring speech or a newspaper report can be given for translation
from English to Tamil (60 Marks)
a) Controversial topics like politics, religion, sex, or any other topic that would trigger
controversy should be avoided.
b) Technical terms and unfamiliar phrases are to be explained in English in a simple manner in an
accompanying key in the Question Paper.

Section –B
Translation: Tamil to English (120 Marks)
1) An official letter in Tamil pertaining to Government correspondence or a Government Order
(G.O.). The letter or G.O. Should not exceed 200 words (60 Marks)
2) A 200 - Word editorial or an inspiring speech or a newspaper report can be given for translation
from Tamil to English (60 Marks)
a) Controversial topics like politics, religion, sex or any other topic that would trigger
controversy should be avoided.

Section– C
Precis Writing in Tamil (30 Marks)
A 600- word essay or a passage in Tamil dealing with science, technology, sociology, geography,
Psychology, history or literature taken from any non-controversial source. Controversial topics like
politics, religion, sex and communal aspects must be avoided.

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Section–D
Precis Writing in English (30 Marks)
A 600 word passage in English dealing with science, technology, sociology, geography, psychology,
history or literature taken from any non-controversial source. Controversial topics like politics, religion,
sex and communal aspects must be avoided. Technical terms and unfamiliar phrases are to be
explained in English in a simple manner in an accompanying key in the question paper.

32. Travel and Tourism

(Degree Standard)
Code: 353
Unit I: Principles and Practices of Tourism (15 Questions)
Introduction to Tourism – Meaning and Scope, Concept, Components and types of Tourism – Evolution of
Tourism in India - Emerging Trends – Ministry of Tourism, Government of India – Department of Tourism,
Government of Tamil Nadu.

Unit II: Tourism Products of India (30 Questions)

Unique features of Tourism Products – Tourist attractions - Hills / Beaches / Mountains / Water Bodies –
Forts / Palaces / Fairs and Festivals / Folk Dances / Dance / Music - Art and Crafts – Temples / Churches /
Mosque and other religious worship places – UNESCO World Heritage Sites – Flora and Fauna – Major
wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks – Major Tourist Circuits of India – Land, Air and Water based
adventure activities, Guidelines and Regulations – Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904 – Ancient
Monuments and Archaeological Site and Remains Act, 1958.

Unit III: Transport (20 Questions)

History – Land – Water and Air – Growth of Road Transport – Indian Road Network – Major Rail Network of
India – Types of Rail Tours in India – Water Transport – History and Development – Historical Past – Cruise
Ships – Ferries – Hovercraft – River and Canal Boats – Boat Houses - Air Industry / Airlines in India /
Functions/ Present policies – Air Charters.

Unit IV: Accommodation Operations (20 Questions)

Origin and growth of hotels – Classification of Accommodation / Hotels on the basis of Size, Location,
Facilities, Plan, Service and Ownership – Allied Catering Services – Supplementary Accommodation
House Keeping – Front Office Management – Booking Procedures – Types of Food and Beverages.

Unit V: Tourism Marketing (20 Questions)

Unique features of Tourism Marketing – Market Segmentation – Marketing mix – Tourists behavior –
Distribution channel and its characteristics – Market research – Market forecast – Marketing Promotions –
Tools of Promotion – E-Marketing – Domestic and International Travel Marts – Branding of Tourism
Products – “Incredible India” Campaign – “Enchanting Tamil Nadu: Experience Yourselves” – Swachh
Bharat Abhiyan – Destination Life Cycle.

Unit VI: Tourism Policy and Planning (25 Questions)

Need and Objectives of Tourism Policy – John Sargent Committee – L.K.Jha Committee (Adhoc
Committee), 1963 - National Tourism Policy, 1982 - Yunus Committee, 1988 – Tourism Finance
Corporation of India – National Action Plan on Tourism, 1992 – National Tourism Policy-2002 – Tourism
in Five Year Plans – Tamil Nadu Tourism Policy.

Unit VII: Functions of Travel Agency and Tour Operation (20 Questions)
Tour Operation Procedures – Tour Package – Itinerary Preparation – Tour Costing – Travel Formalities –
Passport / VISA / Health Regulations / Travel Insurance / Customs Clearance / Foreign Exchange
formalities – Baggage Rules.

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Unit VIII: Tourism Geography (25 Questions)
Physical Geography of India – Climate Sub-Continent - River System – Mountains – Plains – Political
Geography of India – World Time Zone, GMT – India Time Zone.

Unit IX: Tourism Organisations (15 Questions)

Organisation and Functions of WTO, ICAO, IATA, PATA, TAAI, IH&RA, SIHRA, FHRAI, NTO.

Unit X: Impact of Tourism (10 Questions)

Positive and Negative – Socio-Cultural and Economic Impact – Physical / Environment Impact: Earth
Summits.

33. Town Planning, Civil Engineering and Architecture

(Degree Standard)

Code: 560

Unit I: Introduction to Planning - Theory and Techniques (20 Questions)

Planning System in India, Regional Plan, Master Plan, Structure Plan, Detailed Development Plans, City
Corporate Plan and Smart City Plan - Concept of Region, Types of Region, Techniques of Regional
Analysis. Multi-level Planning - Process of evolution of human settlement planning - Simulation models,
Gravity analysis, Lowry model, Threshold analysis, Multivariate analysis – Optimization and economic
analysis methods in project formulation and implementation.

Unit II: Urban Sociology, Economics, Geography and Environment - Theories and Applications
(20 Questions)
Ecological processes and structures in Indian Cities - Social Change & Economic Development -
Agglomeration economics - Economics of scale, Multiplier effect concept, scope, limitation - Basic and
non-basic activities of economics base, methods of base identification - Land-use determinants, Locational
Dynamics of urban Land-use - Spatial organization of Urban settlements - City-region, Urban Sprawl and
Fringe - Urbanization in India and Tamil Nadu with reference to settlements and population distribution.
Environmental Impact Assessment Practice in India - Types, Conceptual Approach and Phases of EIA –
Environmental Concepts – Sustainable Planning – Eco Cities, Compact Cities, Smart growth, Sponge city.

Unit III: Remote Sensing, G.I.S. and Current Trends in Planning (20 Questions)
Basics of Remote Sensing and GIS. - Classification of spatial and non - spatial data application in planning
- spatial data layers - Coding schemes – Digitization of spatial data – Editing spatial data usable for the
given planning problem – Land use Suitability Analysis, Land use Modeling, Existing Land use Preparation
using Mobiles, Satellite Imageries, Aerial Photographs, Drones in Physical Planning. Emerging Concepts
of sustainable urban development, E – Governance, HRIDAY, Rurban Mission, AMRUT, Public private
partnership, Local bodies and urban finance. Land Pooling concept, Transfer of Development Right,
Accommodation Reservation, Formulation of Re-development and Urban Expansion Plans - Local Area
Plans, Town Planning Schemes - Special Economic Zone, Value Capture Finance Policy Framework –
Swiss Challenge Model, Industrial Corridor, Coastal Zone Management Plan, Planned Unit Development.

Unit IV: Physical Infrastructure and Legislation (20 Questions)

Implication of Urban Form and Size on Services Highway classification - Traffic and Transportation Survey
- Para Transit modes – Private transport – Urban Transportation Planning Process – Trip Generation –
Trip Distribution – Modal Split – Trip Assignment, Congestion pricing, Non Motorized Transport, Transit
Oriented Development, Bus Rapid Transit System, Unified Transport Authority. Tamil Nadu Urban Local
Bodies Act, 1996 and Tamil Nadu Urban Local Bodies Rules, 2023. 73rd and 74th Constitutional
Amendment Act (CAA) and their implications on planning and development. Town and Country Planning
Act of Tamil Nadu 1971, Tamil Nadu Combined Development and Building Rules 2019, Urban and
Regional Development Plans Formulation and Implementation (URDPFI) and Rural Area Development
Plans Formulation and Implementation (RADPFI).

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Unit V: Design of Reinforced Concrete, Pre stressed Concrete and Steel Structures (20 Questions)
Design of concrete members - limit state and working stress design concepts - design of slabs - one way,
two way and flat slabs - Design of singly and doubly reinforced sections and flanged sections -design of
columns and footings – pre- stressing - systems and methods- post tensioning slabs - Design of pre-
stressed members for flexure.
Design of tension and compression members - Design of bolted and welded connections design of
members of truss - designs of columns and bases - design of beams, plate girders and gantry girder-
design of liquid storage structures –elevated and underground- design of retaining wall.

Unit VI: Environmental Engineering and Pollution Control (20 Questions)

Sources of water - Water Demand -- Characteristics and analysis of water – hydraulics for conveyance
and transmission - water borne diseases – Functional design of water treatment plant – desalination
plant- water distribution system – pipe network analysis- characteristics and composition of sewage -
Planning and design of sewerage system - sewer appurtenances - Pumping of sewage - sewage treatment
and disposal - Design of storm water drain- plumbing system in high rise building - industrial waste
treatment - solid waste management – Air and Noise pollution control – E-Waste management.

Unit VII: Urban and Transportation Engineering (20 Questions)

Urbanization trend and impact - Slum clearance and slum improvement programmes - Different modes of
transport and their characteristics. Geometric design of highways. – Pavement materials and testing –
alternate pavement materials- modified binders - Design and Construction of bituminous and concrete
roads – pavement distress and evaluation - Maintenance of roads – Railways - Components of permanent
way - Signalling, Interlocking and train control - drainage in roads and railways. Airport planning -
Components of Airport - Site selection – Runways – Planning of terminal buildings Harbours & Ports -
Layout of a harbour - Docks - Breakwaters.

Unit VIII: Introduction to Architecture (20 Questions)

Definition of Architecture - Integration of aesthetics and function. Elements of Architecture – Form, Space,
light, colour, etc. Principles of Architecture – Proportion, Scale, balance, rhythm, symmetry, hierarchy,
pattern and axis. Understanding of organization of form and space, volumetric study, architectural
characteristics & style of buildings with examples. Understanding user circulation and spatial requirement
for all types of buildings. Universal design principles and Barrier free environment. Functional aspects of
architecture – site, structure, skin, circulation etc. Principles of composition and relationship between
human activities and anthropometrics. Modern Architecture - various philosophies, works of postmodern
architects. Architecture of India under Colonial rule. Post-independence architecture in India - works of
Indian Architects. Contemporary World Architecture & recent trends. Building Rules and Regulations,
National Building Code.

Unit IX: Site Planning, Climatic Design and Energy Efficient Architecture (20 Questions)
Site Planning – Introduction to basic terminologies, Methods of surveying, Instruments & Application,
Levelling, Site Drawings, Importance of Site Analysis – On-site & off-site factors, Study of micro climate,
Site Diagramming, Site Context, Site planning & Site layout principles. Organization of spaces – circulation,
built form and open spaces, site planning and micro climate, site planning for neighborhood parks,
children’s play area and campus development – Landscaping of Functional areas – Urban open spaces
and principle of urban landscape – Street landscaping, landscape design for waterfront areas and
functional areas in urban centers – green roofs and walls. Climate & Human comfort, Visual and Acoustical
comfort in built environment. Solar Control, Heat flow through materials & building envelope design, Air
movement patterns through natural & built forms, Design strategies for different climate types. Energy
Efficiency – Importance & Significance, Passive Heating & Cooling techniques, case studies, day Lighting
& Natural ventilation, Use of Renewable energy systems – Current & future trends. National and state level
government organizations -initiatives, schemes and projects. Relevant National and state level legislations
and guidelines.

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Unit X: Human Settlements Planning and Urban Studies (20 Questions)
Origin of Human settlements In India & the rest of the world – River valley civilizations (Indus Valley,
Mesopotamia, Egyptian & Chinese) – Traditional planning principles in India – approaches & concepts –
Classical & Medieval planning in Europe and India - Evolution of modern planning theory, concepts and
works of town planners; Contemporary Urban planning – Issues and Trends. Urban Design – need,
aspects, scope & components of urban space – Indian Urbanism - Theorising & Reading urban space –
Imageability & townscape elements, social aspects of urban space, gender & class. Urban Public spaces
– Universal design, pedestrian friendly environment, streetscapes. Conservation in India – Understanding
the need & purpose, definition, Adaptive re- use, International agencies & their role – Policies &
legislations, case studies – Conservation practice and Planning.

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