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Questions 8 Please refer to Appendix B (attached at back).

1 Pressure Altitude is 28 000 feet, OAT = -45°C, Mach No = 0.46, W/V = 270/85, Assume a North Polar Stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the

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Track = 200°T. What is the drift and groundspeed? Greenwich meridian. An aircraft flies from the geographic North Pole for a distance
of 480 NM along the 110° E meridian, then follows a grid track of 154° for a

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a. 18L / 252 knots distance of 300 NM.
b. 15R / 310 knots
c. 17L / 228 knots Its position is now approximately:
d. 17R / 287 knots
a. 78°45’N 087°E
2 G/S = 240 knots, Distance go = 530 NM. What is time to go? b. 70°15’N 080°E
c. 79°15’N 074°E
a. 27 minutes d. 80°00’N 080°E
b. 29 minutes
c. 2 h 05 m 9 The sensitivity of a direct reading magnetic compass is:
d. 2 h 12 m
a. Inversely proportional to the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic
3 ‘ISA Dev = +30°C, Pressure alt = 5000 feet. What is true alt? field.
b. Inversely proportional to the vertical and horizontal components of the
a. 4550 feet Earth’s magnetic field.
b. 5600 feet c. Inversely proportional to the vertical component of the Earth’s magnetic
c. 4290 feet field.
d. 5320 feet d. Proportional to the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field.

4 Course 040°(T), TAS 120 kt, Wind speed = 30 knots. From which direction will the 10 An aircraft at position 60°N 005°W tracks 090°(T) for 315 km. On completion of the
wind give the greatest drift? flight the longitude will be:

a. 220°(T) a. 010°40’W
b. 230°(T) b. 000°15’E
c. 235°(T) c. 000°40’E
d. 245°(T) d. 002°10’W

5 Required course 045°(T), W/V = 190 /30, FL = 55 @ ISA, Variation = 15°W. 11 What is the definition of magnetic variation?
CAS = 120 knots. What is mag heading and G/S?
a. The angle between the direction indicated by a compass and Magnetic
a. 052°(M) 154 North.
b. 067°(M) 154 b. The angle between True North and Compass North.
c. 037°(M) 154 c. The angle between Magnetic North and True North.
d. 037°(M) 113 d. The angle between Magnetic Heading and Magnetic North.

6 An aircraft flies a great circle track from 56°N 070°W to 62°N 110°E. The total 12 At the magnetic equator:
distance travelled is:
a. Dip is zero
a. 3720 NM b. Variation is always maximum
b. 5420 NM c. Deviation is zero
c. 1788 NM d. The isogonal is an agonic line
d. 2040 NM
13 Which of these is a correct statement about the Earth’s magnetic field?
7 You are flying 090°(C) heading. Deviation is 2W and Variation is 12E. Your TAS is
160 knots. You are flying the 070 radial outbound from a VOR and you have gone a. It has no effect on aircraft deviation.
14 NM in 6 minutes. What is the W/V? b. The angle of dip is the angle between the vertical and the total magnetic
force.
a. 158°(T) / 51 c. It may be temporary, transient, or permanent.
b. 060°(T) / 50 d. It acts as though there is a large blue magnetic pole in Northern Canada
c. 340°(T) / 25
d. 055°(T) / 25

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14 Where is a compass most effective? 21 A useful method of a pilot resolving, on a visual flight, any uncertainty in the
aircraft’s position is to maintain visual contact with the ground and:
a. About midway between the equator and the Magnetic North Pole

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b. In the region of the magnetic South Pole a. set heading towards a line feature such as a coastline, river or motorway
c. In the region of the magnetic North Pole b. fly the reverse of the heading being flown prior to becoming uncertain until a

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d. On the geographic equator pinpoint is obtained
c. fly expanding circles until a pinpoint is obtained
15 The value of variation: d. fly reverse headings and associated timings until the point of departure is
reached
a. is zero at the magnetic equator
b. cannot exceed 180° 22 An aircraft is at FL140 with an IAS of 210 and a true OAT of -5°(C). The wind
c. has a maximum value of 45° E or 45° W component is -35 knots. When the aircraft is at 150 NM from a reporting point,
d. cannot exceed 180° ATC request the crew to lose 5 minutes by the time they get to the beacon. How
much do they need to reduce IAS?
16 Grivation is the combination of
a. 15 knots
a. Variation and Deviation b. 25 knots
b. Deviation and the Agonic value c. 30 knots
c. Variation and Grid Convergence d. 20 knots
d. Grid Convergence and Deviation

17 An aircraft leaves at 0900UTC on a 250 NM journey with a planned ground speed 23 X Y Z
of 115 knots. After 74 NM the aircraft is 1.5 minutes behind the planned schedule. 30 NM 20 NM
What is the revised ETA at the destination?
ATA X is 1420. ETA Y is 1447. ATA Y is 1450. What is new ETA Z?
a. 1100
b. 1110 a. 1503
c. 1115 b. 1508
d. 1054 c. 1510
d. 1512
18A B C
30 NM 20 NM 24 Given:
ATA A is 1010. ETA B is 1030. ETA C is 1043. Airport elevation is 1000 feet.
ATA B is 1027. What is revised ETA C? QNH is 988 hPa
What is the approximate airport pressure altitude?
a. 1040
b. 1043 a. 320
c. 1038 b. 1680
d. 1036 c. -320
d. 680
19 Isogrivs are lines that connect positions that have:

a. the same grivation 25 An aircraft starts at position 0410S 17822W and heads true north for 2950 NM,
b. the same variation then turns 90 degrees right, and maintains a rhumb line track for 314 kilometres.
c. 0°(M)agnetic dip What is its final position?
d. the same horizontal magnetic field strength
a. 5500N 17422W
20 What is the average magnetic track and distance between WTD NDB (5211.3N b. 4500N 17422W
00705.0W) and FOY NDB (5234.0N 00911.7W)? - use your Jeppesen E(LO)1 c. 5500N 17738E
d. 4500N 17738E
Track Dist

a. 294 76
b. 286 76
c. 294 81
d. 286 81

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26 You are heading 080°(T) when you get a range and bearing fix from your AWR on 32 The main reason that day and night, throughout the year, have different durations
a headland at 185 NM 30° left of the nose. What true bearing do you plot on the is due to the:
chart?

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a. Earth’s rotation
b. relative speed of the Sun along the ecliptic

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a. 050 from the headland, using the headland’s meridian c. inclination of the ecliptic to the Equator
b. 050 from the headland, using the aircraft’s meridian d. gravitational effect of the Sun and the Moon on the speed of rotation of the
c. 230 from the headland, using the headland’s meridian Earth
d. 230 from the headland, using the aircraft’s meridian
33 A Lambert’s Conical conformal chart has standard parallels at 63N and 41N.
What is the convergence factor?
27 By what amount must you change your rate of descent given a 10 knot decrease in
headwind on a 3° glide slope? a. .891
b. .788
a. 50 feet per minute increase c. .656
b. 30 feet per minute increase d. .707
c. 50 feet per minute decrease
d. 30 feet per minute decrease 34 On a chart, 90.74 km is represented by 7.0 centimetres. What is the scale?

28 You are on a heading of 105°(C), deviation 3°E. WTD NDB (5211.3N 00705.0W) a. 1 / 700 000
bears 013°R, CRK VOR (5150.4N 00829.7W) QDM is 211°. What is your position? b. 1 / 2 015 396
(Use Jeppesen E(LO)1) c. 1 / 1 296 400
d. 1 / 1 156 600
a. 5245N 00757W
b. 5217N 00745W 35 On a direct Mercator chart, great circles are shown as:
c. 5412N 00639W
d. 5228N 00802W a. Curves convex to the nearer pole
b. Straight lines
29 The airport at 5211N 00706W is: (use Jeppesen E(LO)1) c. Rhumb lines
d. Curves concave to the nearer pole
a. Kerry
b. Cork 36 The scale on a Lambert’s conformal conic chart
c. Shannon
d. Waterford a. is constant along a meridian of longitude
b. is constant along a parallel of latitude
30 In which months is the difference between apparent noon and mean noon the c. varies slightly as a function of latitude and longitude
greatest? d. is constant across the whole map

a November and February 37 Please refer to Appendix A.

b. January and July What is the symbol for a DME?
c. March and September
d. June and December a. 9
b. 10
31 5 hours 20 minutes and 20 seconds time difference is equivalent to which change c. 12
of longitude? d. 4

a. 81°30’ 38 Reference Jeppesen E(LO)1, position 5211N 00706W, which of the following
b. 78°15’ denotes all the symbols?
c. 79°10’
d. 80°05’ a. military airport, ILS, NDB
b. civil airport, VOR, ILS
c. military airport, VOR, ILS
d. civil airport, ILS, NDB

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39 Heading is 156°(T), TAS is 320 knots, W/V is 130/45 and the Variation is 10°W. 46 On the Jeppesen E(LO)1 chart, what are the symbols at Sligo (5354.8N 00849.1W)?
What is your magnetic track?
a. VOR, NDB, DME, compulsory reporting point

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a. 170 b. civil airport, NDB, DME, compulsory reporting point
b. 150 c. civil airport, VOR, DME, non-compulsory reporting point

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c. 160 d. VOR, NDB, DME, non-compulsory reporting point
d. 222
47 In which month does aphelion occur?
40 You are heading 345°(M), the variation is 20°E, and you take a radar bearing of 30°
left of the nose from an island. What bearing do you plot from the island? a. January
b. March
a. 160°(T) c. July
b. 155°(T) d. November
c. 140°(T)
d. 180°(T) 48 What is the highest latitude listed below at which the Sun will rise above the
horizon and set every day?
41 Your pressure altitude is FL55, the QNH is 998, and the SAT is +30°(C). What is
density altitude? a. 68°N
b. 66°N
a. 6980 feet c. 62°N
b. 7750 feet d. 72°N
c. 8620 feet
d. 10 020 feet 49 The pressure alt is 29 000 feet and the SAT is -55°(C). What is density altitude?

42 On a particular take-off, you can accept up to 10 knots tailwind. The runway QDM a. 27 500 feet
is 047, the variation is 17°E and the ATIS gives the wind direction as 210. What is b. 26 000 feet
the maximum wind strength you can accept? c. 30 000 feet
d. 31 000 feet
a. 18 knots
b. 4 knots 50 What is the UTC time of Sunrise in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (49N 123
c. 8 knots 30W) on the 6th December? (In the exam, tables were supplied. The answers
d. 11 knots given below are based on the tables in your Gen Nav notes).

43 The agonic line: a. 2324 UTC

b. 0724 UTC
a. is midway between the magnetic North and South poles c. 1552 UTC
b. follows the geographic equator d. 0738 UTC
c. is the shorter distance between the respective True and Magnetic North and
South poles 51 How does scale change on a normal Mercator chart?
d. indicates zero variation
a. Expands as the cosine of the latitude
44 On a 5% glide slope your groundspeed is 150 kt. What should be your rate of b. Expands directly with the secant of the latitude
descent to maintain the glide slope? c. Correct on the standard parallels, expands outside them, contracts within
them
a. 750 feet/min d. Expands as the secant of the E/W great circle distance
b. 450 feet/min
c. 900 feet/min 52 You are on an ILS 3-degree glide slope which passes over the runway threshold at
d. 650 feet/min 50 feet. Your DME range is 25 NM from the threshold. What is your height above
the runway threshold elevation? (Use the 1 in 60 rule and 6000 feet = 1 nautical
45 At 65 NM from a VOR you commence a descent from FL330 in order to arrive over mile)
the VOR at FL80. Your mean ground speed in the descent is 240 knots. What rate
of descent is required? a. 7450 feet
c. 6450 feet
a. 1540 feet/min d. 7550 feet
b. 1630 feet/min d. 8010 feet
c. 1270 feet/min
d. 1830 feet/min

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53 When it is 0600 Standard Time in Queensland, Australia, what is the Standard 59 On the Jeppesen E(LO)1, Baldonnel (5318.0N 00626.9W) is 91 NM DME, Galway
Time in Hawaii, USA? (Disregard Summer Time) (5318.1N 00856.5W) is 50 NM DME. What is your position?

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a. 0200 ST a. 5242N 00827W
b. 0600 ST b. 5230N 00834W

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c. 1000 ST c. 5255N 00819W
d. 1200 ST d. 5219N 00809W

54 Please refer to Appendix A. 60 An aircraft at FL370 is required to commence descent at 120 NM from a VOR and to
Which of the following is the symbol for an exceptionally high (over 1000 feet cross the facility at FL130. If the mean GS for the descent is 288 kt, the minimum
AGL) unlit obstruction? rate of descent required is:

a. 6 a. 920 ft/min
b. 9 b. 890 ft/min
c. 10 c. 860 ft/min
d. 15 d. 960 ft/min

55 You are flying at a True Mach No. of .82 in a SAT of -45°(C). At 1000 hours you 61 You are homing to overhead a VORTAC and will descend from 7500 QNH to be
are 100 NM from the POL DME and your ETA at POL is 1012. ATC ask you to slow 1000 AMSL by 6 NM DME. Your ground speed is 156 knots and the ROD will be
down to be at POL at 1016. What should your new TMN be if you reduce speed at 1000 feet/min. At what range from the VORTAC do you commence the descent?
100 NM distance to go?
a. 22.9 NM
a. M .76 b. 15.8 NM
b. M .72 c. 16.9 NM
c. M .68 d. 30.2 NM
d. M .61
62 A rhumb line is:
56 The relative bearing to a beacon is 090°R. Three minutes later, at a ground speed
of 180 knots, it has changed to 135°R. What was the distance of the closest point a. the vertex of a conformal polyformic projection
of approach of the aircraft to the beacon? b. a straight line on a Lambert’s conformal chart
c. a line on the Earth which cuts all meridians at the same angle
a. 45 NM d. the shortest distance between two points on the Earth’s surface
b. 18 NM
c. 9 NM 63 You fly from 49N to 58N along the 180 E/W meridian. What is the distance in
d. 3 NM kilometres?

57 Ground speed is 540 knots. 72 NM to go. What is time to go? a. 540 km

b. 804 km
a. 8 min c. 1222 km
b. 9 min d. 1000 km
c. 18 min
d. 12 min 64 On a particular direct Mercator wall chart, ‘the full length of the parallel of latitude
at 53N is 133 cm long. What is the scale of the chart at 30S?
58 An aircraft at position 2700N 17000W travels 3000 km on a track of 180°(T), then
3000 km on a track of 090°(T), then 3000 km on a track of 000°(T), then 3000 km on a. 1: 30 000 000
a track of 270°(T). What is its final position? b. 1: 18 000 000
c. 1: 21 000 000
a. 2700N 17318W d. 1: 26 000 000
b. 0000N/S 17000W
c. 2700N 17000W 65 What is the highest latitude on the Earth at which the Sun can be vertically
d. 2700N 14300W overhead?

a. 23½°
b. 66½°
c. 45°
d. 90°

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66 Track = 090°(T), TAS = 460 knots, W/V = 360°(T) / 100, 72 The angle between the plane of the Equator and the plane of the Ecliptic is:
Variation = 12°E, Deviation = -2.
What is compass heading and ground speed? a. 66.5°

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b. 23.5°
c. 25.3°

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a. 079° 470 knots d. 65.6°
b. 067° 450 knots
c. 068° 460 knots 73 Position A is at 70S 030W, position B is 70S 060E. What is the great circle track of B
d. 070° 455 knots from A, measured at A?

a. 132°(T)
67 Please refer to Appendix A. b. 048°(T)
c. 090°(T)
What symbol is used to show multi unlit obstacles on a map/chart? d. 228°(T)

a. 5 74 The value of magnetic variation on a chart changes with time. This is due to:
b. 7
c. 13 a. Movement of the magnetic poles, causing an increase
d. 11 b. Increase in the magnetic field, causing an increase
c. Reduction in the compass deviation, causing a decrease
68 The angle between True North and Magnetic North is known as: d. Movement of the magnetic poles, which can cause either an increase or a
decrease
a. deviation
b. dip 75 Isogonal lines converge as follows:
c. alignment error
d. variation a. At the North Magnetic Pole
b. At the North and South Magnetic and both Geographical Poles
69 An aircraft is at 10°N and is flying North at 444 km/hour. After 3 hours the latitude c. At the North and South Magnetic Poles
is: d. At the Magnetic equator.

a. 10°S 76 Position A is 55N 30W. Position B is 54N 20W. The great circle track from A to B,
b. 02°S measured at A, is 100°(T). What is the rhumb line bearing from A to B?
c. 22°N
d. 00°N/S a. 104°(T)
b. 090°(T)
70 Given that: c. 100°(T)
d. 284°(T)
A is N55° E/W 000°
B is N54° E 010°, 77 An aircraft departs a point 0400N 17000W and flies 240 NM South, followed by
If the average true course of the great circle is 100°(T), the true course of the 240 NM East, then 240 NM North, then 240 NM West. What is its final position?
rhumb line at point A is:
a. 0400N 17000W
a. 096° b. 0600S 17000W
b. 107° c. 0400N 170°35.9’W
c. 104° d. 0400N 170°01.8’W
d. 100°
78 At 1000 hours an aircraft is on the 310 radial from a VOR/DME, at 40 nautical miles
71 The circumference of the Earth is approximately: range. At 1015 the radial and range are 040/40 NM. What is the aircraft’s track
and ground speed?
a. 40 000 NM
b. 10 800 NM a. 080° / 226 knots
c. 5400 NM b. 085° / 226 knots
d. 21 600 NM c. 080° / 56 knots
d. 085° / 90 knots

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79 A straight line is drawn on a North Polar Stereographic chart joining Point A 85 What is the weight in kilograms of 380 US Gallons at a Specific Gravity of 0.78?
(7000N 06000W) to Point B (7000N 06000E).
What is the initial track direction (going eastwards) of the line at A ? a. 1123

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b. 2470
c. 5434

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a. 090°(T) d. 543
b. 030°(T)
c. 120°(T) 86 You leave A to fly to B, 475 NM away, at 1000 hours. Your ETA at B is 1130. At
d. 330°(T) 1040, you are 190 NM from A. What ground speed is required to arrive on time at
B?
80 What is the maximum possible value of Dip Angle at either Pole?
a. 342 knots
a. 66° b. 330 knots
b. 180° c. 317 knots
c. 90° d. 360 knots
d. 45°
87 What is the aircraft position in lat and long given the following (use Jeppesen
81 Given: chart E(LO)1):
Magnetic heading 311°
Drift is 10° left CRN (5318N 00857W) 18 DME
Relative bearing of NDB 270 SHA (5243N 00853W) 20 DME
What is the magnetic bearing of the NDB measured from the aircraft? Heading 270(M)
Both ranges DME increasing
a. 221°
b. 208° a. 5201N 00908W
c. 211° b. 5301N 00908W
d. 180° c. 5302N 00843W
d. 5203N 00843W
82 The initial straight track from A(75N 60E) to B(75N 60W) on a Polar Stereographic
chart is: 88 What is the NDB frequency and ident at 5211N 00932W? - Use E(LO)1)

a. 030° a. Kerry NDB - 113MHz and KER

b. 360° b. Cork NDB - 343KHz and OC
d. 060° c. Waterford NDB - 368MHz and WTD
d. 330° d. Kerry NDB - 334KHz and KER

83 Given: Runway direction 083°(M), Surface W/V 035/35 kt. Calculate the effective 89 What is the mean magnetic track and distance from the BAL VOR (5318N 00627W)
crosswind component. to CFN NDB (5502N 00820W)? - (use E(LO)1)

a. 24 kt a. 335° 125
b. 26 kt b. 148° 125
c. 31 kt c. 328° 134
d. 34 kt d. 148° 134

84 Given: For take-off an aircraft requires a headwind component of at least 10 kt 90 You are at position 5340N 00800W. What is the QDR from the SHA VOR (5243N
and has a cross-wind limit of 35 kt. The angle between the wind direction and the 00853W)? - (Use E(LO)1)
runway is 45°. Calculate the maximum and minimum allowable wind speeds.
a. 217
a. 15 kt and 50 kt b. 037
b. 15 kt and 43 kt c. 209
c. 12 kt and 38 kt d. 029
d. 18 kt and 50 kt

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91 Your radial from the SHA VOR (5243N 00853W) is 120°(M). From the CRK VOR 98 What is a line of equal grivation?
(5151N 00830W), the radial is 033°(M). What is your position? - (use E(LO)1)
a. An isocline

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a. 5230N 00820W b. An isogonal
b. 5240N 00821W c. An isogriv

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c. 5220N 00821W d. An isovar
d. 5230N 00800W
99 What is the reason for seasonal changes in climate?
92 Which of the following differences in latitude will give the biggest difference in
the initial great circle track and the mean great circle track between two points a. Because the Earth’s spin axis is inclined to the plane of its orbit round the Sun
separated by 10° change of longitude? b. Because the distance between the Earth and the Sun varies over a year
c. Because the Earth’s orbital speed round the Sun varies according to the time
a. 60N and 60S of the year
b. 60N and 60N d. Because of the difference between the Tropical Year and the Calendar Year
c. 30S and 30N
d. 30S and 25S 100 The aircraft position is at 5330N 00800W. The VORs are tuned to Shannon (SHA,
5243N 00853W) and Connaught (CON, 5355N 00849W). Which radials will be
93 An aircraft is at 5530N 03613W, where the variation is 15W. It is tuned to a VOR indicated?
located at 5330N 03613W, where the variation is 12W. What VOR radial is the
aircraft on? SHA. CON
a. 033 130
a. 348 b. 221 318
b. 012 c. 042 138
c. 165 d. 213 310
d. 015
101 You are on the 205 radial from the Shannon VOR (SHA, 5243N 00853W) and on the
94 The wind velocity is 359/25. An aircraft is heading 180 at a TAS of 198 knots. (All 317 radial from Cork VOR (CRK, 5150N 00830W). What is the aircraft position?
directions are True). What is its track and ground speed?
a. 5205N 00915W
a. 179 223 b. 5215N 00917W
b. 179 220 c. 5118N 00913W
c. 180 220 d. 5210N 00909W
d. 180 223
102 What is the radial and DME distance from Connaught VOR/DME (CON, 5355N
95 An aircraft’s compass must be swung: 00849W) to overhead Abbey Shrule aerodrome (5336N 00739W)?

a. If the aircraft has been in the hangar for a long time and has been moved a. 304 47 NM
several times. b. 124 47 NM
b. If the aircraft has been subjected to hammering. c. 296 46 NM
c. Every maintenance inspection d. 116 46 NM
d. After a change of theatre of operations at the same magnetic latitude.
103 What is the average magnetic track and distance between Kerry NDB (KER, 5211N
96 Civil Twilight occurs between: 00932W) and CarNMore NDB (CRN, 5318N 00856W)?

a. Sunset and 6° below the horizon a. 025 70 NM

b 6° and 12° below the horizon b. 197 71 NM
c 12° and 18° below the horizon c. 017 70 NM
d. Sunrise and Sunset d. 205 71 NM

97 What is the dip angle at the North Magnetic Pole? 104 What is the approximate course (T) and distance between Waterford NDB (WTD,
5212N 00705W) and Sligo NDB (SLG, 5417N 00836W)?
a. 0°
b. 90° a. 344 139 NM
c. 180° b. 164 138 NM
d. 64° c. 156 136 NM
d. 336 137 NM

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105 What is the rhumb line track from A (4500N 01000W) to B (4830N 00500W)? 111 An aircraft is flying around the Earth eastwards along the 60N parallel of latitude
at a ground speed of 360 knots. At what ground speed would another aircraft
a. 045°T have to fly eastwards along the Equator to fly once round the Earth in the same

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b. 030°T journey time?
c. 225°T

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d. 150°T a. 600 knots
b. 240 knots
106 What is the effect on the Mach number and TAS in an aircraft that is climbing with c. 720 knots
constant CAS? d. 120 knots

a. Mach number decreases; TAS decreases 112 If it is 0700 hours Standard Time in Kuwait, what is the Standard Time in Algeria?
b. Mach number increases; TAS remains constant
c. Mach number increases; TAS increases a. 0500 hours
d. Mach number remains constant; TAS increases b. 0900 hours
c. 1200 hours
107 Please refer to Appendix A. d. 0300 hours

What is the chart symbol for a lightship? 113 If variation is East, then:

a. 6 a. True North is West of Magnetic North

b. 8 b. Compass North is West of Magnetic North
c. 9 c. True North is East of Magnetic North
d. 12 d. Magnetic North is West of Compass North

108 Given: 114 At what latitude does the maximum difference between geodetic and geocentric
Track 198°, Heading 184°, TAS 427 kt and GS 453kt, what are the W/V and Drift latitude occur?
Angle?
a. 0°
a. 280°/110kt and 14°P b. 45°
b. 087°/109kt and 14°S c. 60°
c. 116°/110kt and 14°S d. 90°
d. 294°/110kt and 14°P
115 At what times of the year does the length of the hours of daylight change most
109 An aircraft is on the 025 radial from Shannon VOR (SHA, 5243N 00853W) at 49 rapidly?
DME. What is its position?
a. Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox
a. 5329N 00930W b. Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice
b. 5239N 00830W c. Spring Equinox and Summer Solstice
c. 5229N 00930W d. Autumn Equinox and Winter Solstice
d. 5329N 00830W
116 Given: Aircraft height = 2500 feet, ILS GP angle = 3°, at what approximate distance
110 An island is observed to be 15°(T)o the left. from the threshold can you expect to intercept the glide-path?
The aircraft heading is 120°(M), variation 17°(W).
The bearing (°T) from the aircraft to the island is: a. 8.0 NM
b. 14.5 NM
a. 268 c. 13.1 NM
b. 302 d. 7.0 NM
c. 088
d. 122 117 Convert 80 metres/sec into knots.

a. 155 knots
b. 55 knots
c. 160 knots
d. 16 knots

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118 The chart that is generally used for navigation in polar areas is based on a: 124 What is the radial and DME distance from SHA VOR (5243N 00853W) to Birr
airport (5304N 00755W)?

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a. Direct Mercator Projection a. 068(M) 42 NM
b. Gnomonic projection b. 060(M) 40 NM

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c. Lambert conformal projection c. 068(M) 40 NM
d. Stereographic projection d. 060(M) 42 NM

119 Which of the following conversions from True to Compass is the correct one? 125 What is the lat and long of the SHA VOR (5243N 00853W) 239(M)/36 NM radial/
range?
T V M D. C
a. 130 2W 132 -1 131 a. 5215N 00930W
b. 130 2E 132 -1 133 b. 5220N 00937W
c. 130 2W 132 -1 133 c. 5212N 00930W
d. 130 2E 132 -1 133 d. 5212N 00915W

120 Your position is 5833N 17400W. You fly exactly 6 NM westwards. What is your 126 A Lambert conformal conic chart has a constant of the cone of 0.80.
new position? A straight line course drawn on this chart from A (53°N 004°W) to B is 080° at A;
course at B is 092°. What is the longitude of B?
a. 5833N 17411.5W
b. 5833N 17355W a. 019°E
c. 5833N 17340W b. 008°E
d. 5833N 17348.5W c. 009°36’E
d. 011°E
121 TAS = 240 knots. Track is 180°(T). The relative bearing from an NDB is 315(R) at
1410. At 1420 the bearing has changed to 270(R). What is your distance from the 127 An aircraft at position 0000N/S 16327W flies a track of 225°(T) for 70 NM. What is
NDB at 1420? its new position?

a. 40 NM a. 0049N 16238W
b. 50 NM b. 0049S 16238W
c. 60 NM c. 0049N 16416W
d. 70 NM d. 0049S 16416W

128 On a Polar Stereographic map, a straight line is drawn from position A (70N
122 Given: 102W) to position B (80N 006E). The point of highest latitude along this line
True Track = 352 occurs at longitude 035W. What is the straight-line track angle from B to A,
Variation = 11W measured at B?
Deviation = -5
Drift = 8°R a. 023°(T)
What is Heading (C)? b. 077°(T)
c. 229°(T)
a. 078°(C) d. 131°(T)
b. 346°(C)
c. 000°(C) 129 Given that the value of ellipticity of the Earth is 1/297 and that the semi-major axis
d. 025°(C) of the Earth, measured at the axis of the Equator is 6378.4 km, what is the semi-
minor axis of the Earth measured at the axis of the Poles?
123 What is the radial and DME distance from CRK VOR (5151N 00830W) to position
5220N 00910W? a. 6399.9 km
b. 6367.0 km
a. 322(M) 39 NM c. 6378.4 km
b. 330(M) 41 NM d. 6356.9 km
c. 330(M) 39 NM
d. 322(M) 41 NM

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130 On a chart, meridians at 45N are shown every 10 degrees apart. This is shown on 137 What is the diameter of the Earth?
the chart by a distance of 14 cm. What is the scale?
a. 40 000 km

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a. 1: 2 000 000 b. 12 732 km
b. 1: 4 000 000 c. 21 600 km

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c. 1: 5 000 000 d. 6366 km
d. 1: 5 600 000
138 An aircraft flies 100 stat.m in 20 minutes. How long does it take to fly 215 NM?
131 Please refer to Appendix A. Which is the symbol for a NDB?
a. 50 min
a. 4 b. 37 min
b. 5 c. 57 min
c. 2 d. 42 min
d. 14

132 How do rhumb lines (with the exception of meridians) appear on a Polar 139 What is the duration of civil twilight?
Stereographic chart?
a. From the moment when the centre of the Sun is on the sensible horizon until
a. concave to the nearer pole the centre reaches a depression angle of 6° from the sensible horizon.
b. convex to the nearer pole b. From the moment when the tip of the Sun disappears below the sensible
c. ellipses round the pole horizon until the centre reaches a depression angle of 6° from the sensible
d. straight lines horizon.
c. From the moment when the centre of the Sun is on the visual horizon until
133 Please refer to Appendix A. What does symbol 9 represent? the centre reaches a depression angle of 6° from the sensible horizon.
d. From the moment when the tip of the Sun disappears below the visual
a. lit obstacle horizon until the centre reaches a depression angle of 6° from the sensible
b. lighthouse horizon.
c. VRP
d. aeronautical ground light 140 Please refer to Appendix B (or your Jeppesen E(LO)1).

134 What is the chart convergence factor on a Polar Stereographic chart? From the Connaught (CON, 5355N 00849W) VOR / DME, you plot a radial of
048°(M) and a range of 22 NM. What is the aircraft position?
a. 0
b. 1.0 a. 5410N 00844W
c. 0.866 b. 5350N 00821W
d. 0.5 c. 5407N 00837W
d. 5411N 00824W
135 At 0422 you are 185 NM from a VOR at FL370. You need to descend at a mean
descent rate of 1800’/min to be at FL80 overhead the VOR. Your ground speed in 141 What is the shortest distance between Point ‘A’ (3543N 00841E) and Point ‘B’
the level cruise is currently 320 knots. In the descent your mean G/S will be (5417N 17119W)?
232 knots. What is the latest time to commence descent?
a. 5400 NM
a. 0437 b. 6318 NM
b. 0441 c. 6557 NM
c. 0445 d. 6000 NM
d. 0451
142 On a conformal chart, the standard parallels are 41° 20’N and 11° 40’N. What is
136 Given: Heading 165(M), Variation 25W, Drift 10°R, G/S 360 knots. At ‘A’ your the constant of the cone?
relative bearing to an NDB is 325R. Five minutes later, at ‘B’, the relative bearing is
280(R). What is the true bearing and distance from ‘B’ to the NDB? a. .660
b. .202
a. 060°(T) 40 NM c. .446
b. 105°(T) 30 NM d. .895
c. 060°(T) 30 NM
d. 105°(T) 40 NM

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143 Given: Runway direction 083°(M), Surface W/V 045/35 kt. Calculate the effective 150 What is the formula for conversion angle?
headwind component.
a. Change of longitude × Sine latitude

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a. 29 kt b. Change of longitude / 2 × Sine mean longitude
b. 27 kt c. Change of longitude / 2 × Sine mean latitude

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c. 31 kt d. Change of longitude × Cosine latitude
d. 34 kt
151 On the Polar Stereographic projection, a great circle appears as:
144 Given: TAS=375 Trk=335°(T) W/V=340°(T)/50
What is heading and Ground speed? a. a straight line
b. a curve which becomes more near to a straight line as the latitude increases
a. 335°(T) 322 c. a curve convex to the nearer pole
b. 335°(T) 318 d. a curve which can be concave or convex to the nearer pole, depending on the
c. 336°(T) 326 latitude
d. 333°(T) 326
152 An aircraft departs Guam (13N 145E) at 2300 Standard Time on 30th April local
145 Lines of latitude on a chart are always: date. Flight time to Los Angeles, California, USA (34N 118W) is 11 hours 15
minutes. What is the California Standard Time and local date of arrival? Assume
a. Great circles Summer Time is being kept.
b. Small circles except for the Equator
c. Vertices a. 1715 ST 30 Apr
d. Meridians b. 1215 ST 01 May
c. 1315 ST 01 May
146 On a Lambert chart, the convergence factor is .78585. What is the parallel of d. 1615 ST 30 Apr
tangency?

a. 51°02’ 153 What rate of descent is required to maintain a 3.5° glide slope at a ground speed
b. 51°36’ of 150 knots?
c. 51°15’
d. 51°48’ a. 850 fpm
b. 800 fpm
147 On a Lambert’s chart the constant of the cone is 0.80. A is at 53N 04W. You plan c. 600 fpm
to fly to B. The initial Lambert’s chart straight-line track is 070(T) and the rhumb d. 875 fpm
line track from A to B is 080(T). What is the longitude of B?
154 What is the meaning of the term ‘standard time’?
a. 021E
b. 034W a. It is another term for UTC
c. 011E b. It is the time zone system applicable only in the USA.
d. 015E c. It is an expression for local mean time.
d. It is the time set by the legal authorities for a country or part of a country.
148 On which chart projection is it not possible to show the North Pole?

a. Direct Mercator 155 On 27 Feb at 52°S 040°E Sunrise is at 0243UTC. On the same day at 52°S 035°W
b. Lambert’s the time of Sunrise is:
c. Transverse Mercator
d. Polar Stereographic a. 0743 UTC
b. 0243 UTC
c. 2143 UTC
149 You are at FL150 and the SAT is -5°(C). You are over an airport with an elevation of d. 0543 UTC.
720 feet. The QNH is 1003. Assume 27 feet = 1 hPa.
What is your true height? 156 A compass swing is performed in order to correct for:

a. 14 300 feet a. acceleration

b. 15 300 feet b. deviation
c. 14 700 feet c. variation
d. 15 600 feet d. aperiodicity

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157 Isogonals are lines of equal: 163 Given the following:

Magnetic heading: 060°
a. compass deviation Magnetic variation: 8°W

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b. magnetic variation Drift angle: 4° right
c. wind velocity What is the true track?

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d. pressure
a. 064°
158 On a direct Mercator chart, a rhumb line appears as a: b. 056°
c. 072°
a. small circle concave to the nearer pole d. 048°
b. straight line
c. curve convex to the nearer pole 164 Given:
d. spiral curve W/V 262/90 kt, Track 234° and TAS 305 kt, what are the Heading and
Groundspeed?
159 Given:
IAS 120 kt a. 226° and 224 kt
FL80 b. 252° and 214 kt
OAT +20°(C) c. 242° and 224 kt
What is the TAS? d. 250° and 224 kt

a. 141 kt 165 Given:

b. 102 kt Half way between two reporting points the navigation log gives the following
c. 120 kt information:
d. 132 kt TAS 360 kt W/V 330°/80 kt Compass heading 237°
Deviation on this heading -5° Variation 19°W
160 The distance between two waypoints is 200 NM. What is the average ground speed for this leg?
To calculate compass heading the pilot used 2°E magnetic variation instead of 2°W.
Assuming that the forecast W/V applied, what will the off track distance be at the a. 403 kt
second waypoint? b. 354 kt
c. 373 kt
a. 14 NM d. 360 kt
b. 7 NM
c. 0 NM 166 (For this question use Appendix C)
d. 21 NM Complete line 5 of the ‘FLIGHT NAVIGATION LOG’, position ‘J’ to ‘K’.
What is the HDG°(M) and ETA?
161 Given:
True course 300° a. HDG 337° - ETA 1422 UTC
Drift 8°R b. HDG 320° - ETA 1412 UTC
Variation 10°W c. HDG 337° - ETA 1322 UTC
Deviation -4° d. HDG 320° - ETA 1432 UTC
Calculate the compass heading.
167 During a low level flight 2 parallel roads are crossed at right angles by an aircraft.
a. 322° The time between these roads can be used to check the aircraft:
b. 306°
c. 278° a. track
d. 294° b. drift
c. ground speed
d. heading
162 Given:
True track 180° Drift 8°R 168 The angle between the true great circle track and the true rhumb line track joining
Compass Heading 195° Deviation -2° Calculate the variation. the following points: A (60S 165W) and B (60S 177E) at the place of departure A,
is:
a. 21°W
b. 25°W a. 9°
c. 5°W b. 15.6°
d. 9°W c. 5.2°
d. 7.8°

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169 Which of the following indicates an advisory airspace (ADA) boundary? 176 Given: FL350, Mach 0.80, OAT -55°(C), calculate values for TAS and local speed of
sound?
a.

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b. a. 461 kt, LSS 296 kt
c. b. 461 kt, LSS 576 kt

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d. c. 237 kt, LSS 296 kt
d. 490 kt, LSS 461 kt
170 Given the following:
True track: 192° 177 How many nautical miles are travelled in 1 minute 45 seconds at a ground speed
Magnetic variation: 7°E of 135 knots?
Drift angle: 5° left
What is the magnetic heading required to maintain the given track? a. 2.36
b. 3.25
a. 180° c. 39.0
b. 190° d. 3.94
c. 194°
d. 204° 178 The distance A to B is 90 NM in a straight line. You are 60 NM from A when you fix
your position 4 NM to the left of track. What correction do you need to make to
171 Given: arrive at B?
A Polar Stereographic chart whose grid is aligned with the zero meridian. Grid
track 344°, longitude 115°00’W, calculate the true course. (Assume N hemisphere). a. 4°
b. 8°
a. 099° c. 12°
b. 279° d. 10°
c. 049°
d. 229° 179 A Great Circle crosses the Equator at longitude 030°W. The direction of the GC
at Equator is 035°(T). An aircraft following this Great Circle will reach its highest
172 The rhumb line distance between points A (60°00’N 002°30’E) and B (60°00’N latitude (N or S) at position:
007°30’W) is:
a. 35S 120W
a. 300 NM b. 55S 060E
b. 450 NM c. 35N 120W
c. 600 NM d. 55N 060E
d. 150 NM
180 The heading is 299°(G). Magnetic variation is 90°W and chart convergence is
173 Given: 55°W. What is magnetic heading?
TAS = 485 kt, OAT = ISA +10°C, FL410. Calculate the Mach Number.
a. 154°(M)
a. 0.87 b. 084°(M)
b. 0.825 c. 264°(M)
c. 0.90 d. 334°(M)
d. 0.85
181 The orbit of the Earth round the Sun is elliptical. An ellipse has 2 foci. Which of
174 Fuel flow per hr is 22 US.gal, total fuel on board is 83 imp.gal. What is the the following is a correct statement?
endurance?
a. The Earth is positioned at one of the foci.
a. 2 hr 15 min b. The Sun is positioned at the mid-point of the 2 foci.
b. 4 hr 32 min c. The Sun is positioned at one of the foci.
c. 3 hr 12 min d. The Earth is positioned at the mid-point of the 2 foci.
d. 3 hr 53 min
182 An aircraft homing to a VOR/DME loses 2500 feet in 11.1 NM change of DME range.
175 Given: Position A is 60N 020W, Position B is 60N 021W, and Position C is 59N What is the gradient of the slope?
020W, what are, respectively, the distances from A to B and from A to C?
a. 4.1%
a. 60 NM and 30 NM b. 3.5%
b. 30 NM and 60 NM c. 3.9%
c. 52 NM and 60 NM d. 3.7%
d. 60 NM and 52 NM

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183 An aircraft at position 8500N 02000E flies a rhumb line track of 075°(T). What will Appendix A to Revision Questions
be its path over the Earth?

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a. The shortest route to a destination
b. A spiral path leading towards the North Pole

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c. A great circle route continuing over the pole and then southwards over the
other side
d. An increasing track angle

184 Given: For take-off an aircraft requires a headwind component of at least 15 kt

and has a cross-wind limit of 35 kt. The angle between the wind direction and the
runway is 60°. Calculate the maximum and minimum allowable wind speeds.

a. 30 kt and 40 kt
b. 15 kt and 43 kt
c. 12 kt and 38 kt
d. 18 kt and 50 kt

185 An aircraft is cruising at FL350, Temp -50°C and is told to descend to FL80, Temp
-10°C. If the IAS for the descent was 188 kt, what would be the appropriate TAS?

a. 260 kt
b. 188 kt
c. 335 kt
d. 224 kt
16
186 An aircraft has to climb from FL50 -10°C to FL260 -25°C. The IAS for the climb is 180 kt
and the WC is +30 kt. If the ROC is 900 ft/min, how many miles will the climb take?

a. 96 NM 17
b. 106 NM
c. 83 NM
d. 120 NM

187 An aircraft is flying at FL200, the OAT is 0°C. When the actual air pressure on an 18
airfield at MSL is placed on the subscale of the altimeter the indicated altitude is
19 300 ft. What is the aircraft’s True Altitude?

a. 17 300 ft 19
b. 19 300 ft
c. 20 000 ft
d. 21 300 ft
20

21

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 0º E/W
Appendix

Grid North

100 nm
Appendix B

200

85N
300
GENERAL NAVIGATION

B to Revision Questions

400
500 nm

39 - 40
80N

75N
90 E
Questions
SPECIMEN QUESTIONS

© Oxford Aviation Services Limited

549
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550
Questions

Course/
Line HDG HDG POSITION CAS/ FL/
Time Track W/V VAR TAS GS DIST TIME ETA
No (T) (M) FROM TO MACH OAT
(T)
180/
1 1015 270 050/40 7E A B 210 300
-20
160/
2 1050 180 320/50 5W C D 175 480
-10
Appendix C to Revision Questions

M 360/
3 1125 090 140/60 10W E F 300
0.82 -40
M 310/
4 1210 360 315/70 10E G H 600
0.78 -35
100/
5 1245 330 240/30 17W J K 150 275
-10
M 390/
6 1355 070 020/60 11W L M 495
0.84 -55