Scientific Instruments and Their Uses

No Instrument Description
1 Actinometer Measures intensity of radiation (especially UV).
2 Altimeter Measures altitude (used in aircraft).
3 Ammeter Measures electric current.
4 Anemometer Measures wind speed, direction, and pressure.
5 Audiometer Measures sound intensity.
6 Barograph Continuously records atmospheric pressure.
7 Barometer Measures atmospheric pressure.
8 Binoculars Magnified view of distant objects.
9 Bolometer Measures infrared (heat) radiation.
10 Callipers Measures diameters of thin cylinders/wires.
11 Calorimeter Measures quantity of heat.
12 Carburettor Mixes air with petrol vapors in engines.
13 Cardiogram (ECG) Traces heart movements.
14 Cathetometer Measures heights and levels.
15 Chronometer Determines longitude at sea.
16 Cinematograph Projects pictures onto a screen.
17 Colorimeter Compares intensity of colors.
18 Commutator Reverses direction of electric current.
19 Crescograph Measures plant growth.
20 Cryometer Measures low temperatures.
21 Cyclotron Accelerates charged particles.
22 Dilatometer Measures change in volume.
23 Dynamo Converts mechanical to electrical energy.
24 Electrometer Measures small electrical potential differences.
25 Electroscope Detects electric charge.
26 Electron Microscope Magnifies very small objects (20,000×).
27 Endoscope Examines internal body parts.
28 Fathometer Measures ocean depth.
29 Fluxmeter Measures magnetic flux.
30 Galvanometer Measures electric current.
31 Gramophone Reproduces recorded sound.
32 Hydrometer Measures liquid density.
33 Hydrophone Measures underwater sound.
34 Hygrometer Measures humidity.
35 Hygroscope Shows atmospheric humidity changes.
36 Hypsometer Determines boiling points.
37 Lactometer Measures milk density.
38 Machmeter Measures aircraft speed relative to sound speed.
39 Manometer Measures pressure.
40 Micrometer Measures small distances.
41 Microphone Converts sound to electrical signals.
42 Microscope Magnifies small objects.
43 Nephetometer Measures light scattering in liquids.
44 Odometer Measures distance traveled by vehicles.
45 Ohmmeter Measures electrical resistance.
46 Ondometer Measures frequency of EM waves.
47 Optometer Tests eye refractive power.
48 Otoscope Examines the eardrum.
49 Periscope Views above sea level (used in submarines).
50 Phonograph Reproduces sound.
51 Photometer Compares light intensity.
52 Polygraph Records physiological changes (lie detector).
53 Pyrheliometer Measures solar radiation.
54 Pyrometer Measures high temperatures.
55 Quadrant Measures altitudes and angles.
56 Radar Detects and ranges radio waves.
57 Rain Gauge Measures rainfall.
58 Refractometer Measures refractive index and salinity.
59 Sextant Measures angular distance.
60 Seismograph Records earthquake shocks.
61 Spectroscope Analyzes light spectrum.
62 Speedometer Measures vehicle speed.
63 Spherometer Measures curvature of spherical surfaces.
64 Sphygmomanometer Measures blood pressure.
65 Stethoscope Listens to heart sounds.
66 Tachometer Measures rotational speed (rpm).
67 Tangent Galvanometer Measures DC current.
68 Telemeter Records distant physical events.
69 Telescope Magnified view of distant objects.
70 Tensiometer Measures surface tension of liquids.
71 Thermometer Measures temperature.
72 Thermostat Regulates constant temperature.
73 Tonometer Measures sound pitch.
74 Transformer Converts high to low voltage and vice versa.
75 Transponder Receives and transmits satellite signals.
76 Venturimeter Measures liquid flow rate.
77 Vernier Measures small subdivisions of scale.
78 Viscometer Measures liquid viscosity.
79 Voltmeter Measures electric potential difference.
80 Wattmeter Measures electric power.
81 Wavemeter Measures radio wave wavelength.
82 Abbe Refractometer Measures refractive index of liquids and solids.
83 Actometer Measures the amount of body movement (psychological tests).
84 Arthroscope Examines joints inside the body.
85 Autoclave Sterilizes equipment using high-pressure steam.
86 Ballistocardiograph Measures the mechanical activity of the heart.
87 Burette Used in titration for precise liquid measurement.
88 Centrifuge Separates substances of different densities by spinning.
89 Collimator Narrows a beam of particles or waves.
90 Cryostat Maintains ultra-low temperatures for tissue slicing.
91 Diffractometer Measures angles of X-ray diffraction in crystals.
92 Dynanometer Measures force, torque, or power.
93 Electrocardiograph Records electrical signals of the heart.
94 Electroencephalograph Records electrical activity of the brain.
95 Flowmeter Measures the rate of fluid flow.
96 Heliometer Measures the diameter of the sun or angular separation of stars.
97 Incubator Provides controlled environment for cell/bacteria growth.
98 Laser Interferometer Measures very small distances or changes using lasers.
99 Lux Meter Measures illumination or brightness levels.
100 Magnetometer Measures magnetic field strength.
101 NMR Spectrometer Analyzes molecular and chemical structures.
102 Oscilloscope Displays electrical signals graphically over time.
103 pH Meter Measures acidity or alkalinity of solutions.
104 Photodiode Converts light into current or voltage.
105 Planimeter Measures area of irregular two-dimensional shapes.
106 Polarimeter Measures angle of rotation of polarized light.
107 Potentiometer Measures electrical potential without drawing current.
108 Radiometer Measures radiant flux or power of electromagnetic radiation.
109 Salinometer Measures salt content in solutions.
110 Spectrophotometer Measures light absorption at different wavelengths.
111 Thermocouple Measures temperature based on voltage changes.
112 Torsion Balance Measures small forces like gravitational or electrostatic forces.
113 Aerometer Measures the weight or density of air and gases.
114 Alidade Used in plane table surveying to measure angles.
115 Aspirator Draws air or fluid by suction.
116 Astrolabe Ancient tool for solving time and star position problems.
117 Cathetometer Measures vertical distances precisely.
118 Clinometer Measures slopes, elevations, or angles of inclination.
119 Coulombmeter Measures the amount of electric charge.
120 Dip Circle Measures magnetic dip (inclination) angle.
121 Dynamometer Measures mechanical force or power.
122 Electrolyzer Splits water or other compounds using electricity.
123 Gravimeter Measures local gravitational field strength.
124 Hygrograph Records continuous humidity variations.
125 Magnetograph Records magnetic field variations over time.
126 Mass Spectrometer Measures mass-to-charge ratios of particles.
127 Meteorograph Records multiple atmospheric parameters simultaneously.
128 Muffle Furnace Provides high temperatures for material treatments.
129 Nephelometer Measures turbidity or cloudiness in liquids.
130 Pedometer Counts steps or distance walked.
131 Pycnometer Measures density or specific gravity of liquids.
132 Saccharimeter Measures sugar concentration in a solution.
133 Solarimeter Measures total solar radiation.
134 Sound Level Meter Measures sound pressure level.
135 Spectrometer Measures properties of light over a specific spectrum.
136 Torsion Pendulum Measures rigidity or elastic modulus of materials.
137 Tribometer Measures friction, lubrication, and wear between surfaces.
138 U-tube Manometer Measures pressure differences in fluids.
139 Ultrasonograph Produces internal body images using ultrasound.
140 Van de Graaff Generator Produces high electrostatic potential.
141 Weather Balloon Carries instruments into the atmosphere for weather data.
142 Wheatstone Bridge Precisely measures electrical resistance.
143 Ultracentrifuge Spins samples at high speeds for molecular separation.
144 Ultrasound Scanner Uses sound waves to create body images.
145 Viscosimeter Measures viscosity of liquids.
146 X-ray Diffractometer Determines crystal structure using X-rays.
147 Zymometer Measures fermentation rate.