CHAPTER – 2

POLYNOMIAL
KEY CONCEPTS:
▪ Constant: A symbol having fixed numerical value is called constant.
Example: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.

▪ Variable: A symbol having different numerical values called variable.

Example: x, y, z, a, b, c, etc.

▪ Algebraic Expression: It is a combination of constant and variable

connected by fundamental variable operation of
mathematics are called Algebraic expression.

▪ Terms: The part of expression which are separated by signs of

Positive(+) and Negative(-) are called its Terms.

▪ Polynomial: An algebraic expression with one or more term is called

Polynomial.
OR
An algebraic expression of the form 𝑎0 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑎2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + 𝑎3 𝑥 𝑛−3 +
…+𝑎4 𝑥 𝑛−4 where 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 are real number and 𝑥 is a non-negative integer and
𝑎0 ≠ 0.
Example: 2𝑥 3 + 7𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1 is a polynomial.

NOTE: 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 −2 + 5𝑥, 𝑥 2 + √2𝑥, are not a polynomial because here power are
not a non-negative integer.

▪ Degree of polynomial: The highest power of a polynomial is called a degree

of polynomial.
Example:
(1) The degree of polynomial 5𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 1 is 4.
(2) The degree of polynomial 3𝑥𝑦 5 − 𝑥𝑦 3 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 5 + 𝑥 6 is 7.
➢ POLYNOMIAL ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS:
1. One the basis of degrees
2. On the basis of term

1. ON THE BASIS OF DEGREES:

▪ Constant Polynomial: A polynomial P(x) of degree zero.
5
Example: 5, 4, − , etc.
2

▪ Linear Polynomial: A Polynomial P(x) of degree One is called Linear

Polynomial and P(x) is of the form of 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 where a, b
are real number and a ≠ 0.

▪ Quadratic Polynomial: A Polynomial P(x) of degree two is called Quadratic

Polynomial and P(x) is of the form of 𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
where a, b and c are real number and a ≠ 0.

▪ Biquadratic Polynomial: A Polynomial P(x) of degree four is called

Biquadratic Polynomial and P(x) is of the form of
𝑎𝑥 4 + 𝑏𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 where a, b, c, d and e
are Real number and a ≠ 0.

2. ONE THE BASIS OF TERMS:

▪ Monomial: The polynomial having only one term.
3
Example: 5𝑥, 𝑥𝑦, −𝑥 2 𝑦, etc.
2

▪ Binomial: The polynomial having two terms.

Example: 3𝑥 + 𝑦, 𝑥 + 2, 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 , etc.

▪ Trinomial: The polynomial having three terms.

Example: 5𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 9, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧, etc.
▪ Polynomial: Expression having more than three term.
Example: 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 5, 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝑧 + 7, etc.

GRAPH OF POLYNOMIALS
1. Graph of the linear polynomial P(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 is a straight line.
2. Graph of a quadratic polynomial P(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 i is parabola which opens
upward like ∪ if 𝑎 > 0.
3. Graph of a quadratic polynomial P(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 i is parabola which opens
downward like ∩ if 𝑎 < 0.
4. In general, A polynomial P(x) of the degree ∩ crosses than axis at, atmost
∩ points.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ZEROES OF THE

COEFFICIENT OF A POLYNOMIAL

1. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are zeroes of P(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, then

𝑏
Sum of Zeroes = 𝛼 + 𝛽 = −
𝑎
𝑐
Product of Zeroes = 𝛼𝛽 =
𝑎

2. If 𝛼 , 𝛽 and 𝛾 are zeroes of P(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 3 + 𝑏𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑, then

𝑏
Sum of Zeroes = 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝛾 = −
𝑎
𝑐
Product of Zeroes = 𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛾𝛼 =
𝑎
 ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
1. For what value of 𝑘, the product of zeros of the polynomial 𝑘𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 7 is
2?
−1 −7 7 −2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
14 2 2 7

2. If one of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial (𝛼 − 1)𝑥 2 + 𝛼𝑥 + 1 is – 3,

then the value of 𝛼 is:
−2 2 4 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 4

3. Which of the following is the graph of a quadratic polynomial?

1 1
4. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of the polynomial 6𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 4, then + is equal:
𝛼 𝛽
5 −5 4 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 4 5 24

5. The value of ‘𝑟’ for which 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞𝑥 + 𝑟 = 0 has two equal roots:

𝑞2 𝑞2 𝑝2 𝑝2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
𝑝 4𝑝 𝑞 4𝑞

6. The zeroes of a polynomial 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 are twins the zeroes of the

Polynomial 4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6, the value of 𝑝 is:
 5 −5
(a) (b) (c) – 5 (d) 10
2 2

7. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial 𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑥 + 4𝑘 is 4, then the value of 𝑘:

(a) 1 (b) – 2 (c) 4 (d) 0

8. If one root of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑎𝑥 + 6 = 0 is 1, then its other root:

(a) 5 (b) – 5 (c) 6 (d) 7

9. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of the polynomial 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥, then the value of
(𝛼 + 𝛽) is:
−5 5
(a) (b) (c) 0 (d) – 5
3 3

10. The polynomial having a zeroes – 3 and 5 is:

(a) 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 15 (b) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 15
(c) 2(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 15) (d) 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 30
−1
11. One zero of polynomial 6𝑥 2 − 𝑘𝑥 − 3 is . The value of 𝑘 is:
3
(a) – 3 (b) – 1 (c) 7 (d) – 7

12. The zeros of the polynomial are 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9 are:

(a) Equal and opposite (b) Equal and negative
(c) Reciprocal of each other (d) Negative of other zero

13. The graph of the polynomial P(x) cut x-axis at two points and touches the
Origin. The number of zeros of the polynomial is:
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 2 (d) 1

14. If the roots of equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎 ≠ 0 are real and equal, then

which of the following relation is true?
𝑏2
(a) 𝑎 = (b) 𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑐
𝑐
𝑏2 𝑏2
(c) 𝑎𝑐 = (d) 𝑐 =
4 𝑎

15. If the sum and the product of zeros of a quadratic polynomial are 2√3 and 3
 respectively, then a quadratic polynomial is:
2
(a) 𝑥 2 + 2√3𝑥 − 3 (b) (𝑥 − √3)
(c) 𝑥 2 − 2√3𝑥 − 3 (d) 𝑥 2 + 2√3𝑥 + 3

16. Assertion(A): If the graph of a polynomial touches x-axis at only one point
then the polynomial cannot be a quadratic polynomial.
Reason(R): The polynomial of degree n(n>1) can have atmost 1 zero.

17. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of 2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 5, then find a quadratic polynomial

whose zeros are 2𝛼 and 2𝛽?

18. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 48 and

(𝛼 − 𝛽 )2 , then find the value of 𝑐?

19. If the product of zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑥 2 − 3𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑎2 − 1 is 7.

Find the value of 𝑎?
1
20. Find the zeros of the polynomial 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 and verify the relationship
6
between the zeros and the coefficients?

21. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeros are reciprocals of the zeros of the
Polynomial P(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, 𝑎 ≠ 0 and 𝑐 ≠ 0.
𝒃 𝒂
[Ans. 𝒄𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒂 or 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + ]
𝒄 𝒄

11 2 −𝟏 𝟐
22. Find the Zeroes of the polynomial: q(𝑥 ) = 7𝑦 2 − 𝑦− . [Ans. , ]
3 3 𝟕 𝟑

23. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of the quadratic polynomial F(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2. Find
1 1 −𝟑
the value of − ? [Ans. ]
𝛼 𝛽 𝟐

24. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial F(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑘𝑥 − 9 is negative of

the Other. Find the value of 𝑘? [Ans. 0]

25. If the sum of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial F(𝑥 ) = 𝑘𝑡 2 + 2𝑡 + 3𝑘 is

−𝟐
equal to their product, Find the value of 𝑘? [Ans. ]
𝟑
26. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝑘 is 2, then Find the value
of 𝑘? [Ans. – 10]

27. A quadratic polynomial the sum of whose zeros is – 5 and their product is 6.
Find the quadratic polynomial? [Ans. 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟓𝒙 + 𝟔 ]

28. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑝𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3𝑝 and

𝟐
𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝛼𝛽, then Find the value of 𝑝? [Ans. ]
𝟑

29. If the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞 are double in value to the zeros
of the polynomial 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 3,then Find the value of 𝑝 and 𝑞?
[Ans. 5 and – 6]

30. If the zeros of the quadratic polynomial 𝑥 2 + (𝑎 + 1)𝑥 + 𝑏 are 2 and – 3,

then Find the value of 𝑎 and 𝑏? [Ans. 0 and – 6]

31. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 𝑘 such that

𝛼 − 𝛽 = 1, then Find the value of 𝑘? [Ans.6]

32. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and the product of whose zeros are
6 and 9 respectively. Hence Find the zeros of the polynomial obtained?

33. How many zeros does the polynomial (𝑥 − 3)2 − 4 have? Also Find its
zeroes? [Ans. 1 and 2]

34. If one zero of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 6𝑥 2 + 37𝑥 − (𝑘 − 2) is reciprocal of

the other, then find the value of 𝑘? [Ans. 𝒌 = −𝟒]
𝟑 𝟑
35. Calculate the zeros of the polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 9? [Ans. , ]
𝟐 𝟐

2
36. If the zeros of the polynomial 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 2𝑎 are 𝑎 and , then find the value
𝑎
Of 𝑎? [Ans. a = 1]

37. Find the zeros of the quadratic polynomial √3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 4√3 .

 𝟐
[Ans. and 𝟐√𝟑]
√𝟑

21
38. Find the quadratic polynomial whose sums and the product of the zeros
8
5 𝟏
and respectively. [Ans. 𝑷(𝒙) = (𝟏𝟔𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)]
16 𝟏𝟔

39. If 𝑝 and 𝑞 are the zeros of polynomial 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 3, then find the

𝟑𝟕
value of 𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 ? [Ans. ]
𝟒

40. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4√3𝑥 + 3, then find the
value of 𝛼 + 𝛽 − 𝛼𝛽? [Ans. 𝟒√𝟑 − 𝟑]

41. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑘 such that

𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 = 40, then Find the value of 𝑘? [Ans. – 2]
1
42. If one zero of the polynomial 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 𝜆 is . Find the value of 𝜆 and the
2
other zero? [Ans. 𝝀 = −𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟐]

43. If the Sum and the product of the zeros of the polynomial 𝑎𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 𝑐 are
equal to 10 each. Find the value of ‘𝑎’ and ‘𝑐’? [Ans. 112 and 5]

44. Quadratic polynomial 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 has zeroes as 𝛼 and 𝛽. Now Form a

𝟏
quadratic polynomial whose zeros are 3𝛼 and 3𝛽? [Ans. (𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟗)]
𝟐

45. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of polynomial such that 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 24 and 𝛼 − 𝛽 = 8.

Find the quadratic polynomial having 𝛼 and 𝛽 as it zeroes?

46. Find the value of zeroes of polynomial 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 28 and verify the

relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients?

47. If the squared difference of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial

𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑃𝑥 + 45 is equal to 144, Find the value of 𝑃? [Ans. 𝑷 = ±𝟏𝟖]
48. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of polynomial 𝑃(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 𝑘 satisfying the
21
relation 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 + 𝛼𝛽 = . Find the value of 𝑘? [Ans. 𝒌 = 𝟐]
4

49. If ‘𝑚’ and ‘𝑛’ are the zeros of the polynomial 𝑎𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 𝑐. Find the value
𝟏
of ‘𝑎’ and ‘𝑐’ when 𝑚 + 𝑛 = 10? [Ans. 𝒂 = and 𝒄 = 𝟓]
𝟐

50. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2, forms a quadratic polynomial whose

Zeroes are 2𝛼 + 1 and 2𝛽 + 1? [Ans. 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟓]

51. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 1, forms a quadratic polynomial whose

Zeroes are 2𝛼 − 1 and 2𝛽 − 1? [Ans. 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟕]

52. Find the condition at zeroes of the polynomial 𝑃(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, are

reciprocal of each other?

53. If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the zeros of quadratic polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3, Find

the value of [𝛼 4 𝛽2 + 𝛼 2 𝛽 4 ]? [Ans. 90]

54. Find the quadratic polynomial, sum and product of whose zeros are – 1 and
– 20 respectively. Also finds the zeroes of the polynomial obtained?

55. Find a Quadratic equation whose zeroes are reciprocal of the zeros of the
Polynomial 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, 𝑎 ≠ 𝑐 and 𝑐 ≠ 0?
[Ans. 𝒌(𝒄𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒂)]

56. Find the zeroes of the polynomial 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 𝑚(𝑚 + 3)?

57. Find the zeros of the polynomial 𝑃(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − (𝑘 + 6)𝑥 + 2(𝑘 − 1), then the
1
value of 𝑘, if 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝛼𝛽?
2

58. The graph of a polynomial P(x) cuts the x-axis at 3 points and touches it at
2 other points. What are the number of zeros P(x) have?