B.
TECH/ME/3RD SEM/MECH 2101(BACKLOG)/2021
B.TECH/ME/3RD SEM/MECH 2101(BACKLOG)/2021
APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS
(MECH 2101)
Time Allotted : 3 hrs Full Marks : 70
Figures out of the right margin indicate full marks.
Candidates are required to answer Group A and
any 5 (five) from Group B to E, taking at least one from each group.
Candidates are required to give answer in their own words as far as practicable.
Group – A
(Multiple Choice Type Questions)
1. Choose the correct alternative for the following: 10 × 1 = 10
(i) A control volume refers to
(a) a fixed volume
(b) a specified mass
(c) an isolated system
(d) a closed system whose volume does not change.
(ii) In a reversible process, the entropy of the system
(a) can never decrease (b) can never increase
(c) may increase or decrease (d) will always remain constant
(iii) Volume of wet steam (per unit mass) with dryness fraction x is given by
(a) x.vf
(b) x.vg
(c) vf + x.vfg
(d) vg + x.vfg; Symbols have their usual meaning.
(iv) Internal energy is defined by the
(a) zeroth law of thermodynamics (b) first law of thermodynamics
(c) second law of thermodynamics (d) law of entropy.
(v) The INCORRECT statement about the characteristics of critical point of a pure
substance (water) is that
(a) there is no constant temperature vaporization process
(b) it has point of inflection with zero slope
(c) the ice directly converts from solid phase to vapour phase
(d) saturated liquid and saturated vapour states are identical.
(vi) For a reciprocating compressor if the clearance increases then volumetric efficiency
(a) increases (b) remains the same
(c) decreases (d) none of these
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B.TECH/ME/3RD SEM/MECH 2101(BACKLOG)/2021
(vii) Entropy generation for a reversible isothermal heat addition process is always
(a) positive (b) negative (c) zero (d) unpredictable
(viii) An isentropic process
(a) is always adiabatic (b) is always reversible
(c) is always frictionless (d) need not be adiabatic or reversible
(ix) The refrigerant CHClF2 may be denoted as
(a) R-12 (b) R-10 (c) R-22 (d) R-50.
(x) Regenerative Cycle efficiency is
(a) always greater than simple Rankine thermal efficiency
(b) greater than simple Rankine thermal efficiency only when steam is bled at
particular pressure
(c) same as simple Rankine efficiency
(d) always less than simple Rankine efficiency but specific work output is more.
Group–B
2. (a) In a system executing non-flow process, the work and heat transfer per degree
change of temperature are given by:
dW/dT = 200 J/°C and dQ/dT = 160 J/°C
Calculate the change of internal energy of the system when its temperature
changes from 55°C to 95°C.
(b) Referring to the following data for saturated steam, determine the specific
volume and specific enthalpy of steam at 100°C having a quality of 0.6. Also find
the saturated pressure at 102°C.
Specific Volume Specific Volume
Temp T Saturation (m3/kg) (m3/kg)
(°C) pressure P (kPa)
vf vg hf hg
100 101.3 0.001044 1.67290 419.02 2676.05
105 120.8 0.001047 1.41936 440.13 2683.83
6 + 6 = 12
3. (a) A Pressure cooker of 10 litre volume contains water vapour mixture at 1 bar
with dryness fraction 2%. It is heated in an oven till the pressure reaches 2.5
bar. There is a dead weight that closes a vent connected to the pressure cooker,
thus acting as a valve that keeps the pressure 2.5 bar or less. The heating
continues and the dead weight lifts up allowing saturated vapour to go out at 2.5
bar. The process continues till the dryness fraction in the cooker reaches 80%.
Calculate (i) the mass that leaves the cooker (ii) the amount of heat transfer
from the oven to the pressure cooker.
(b) A rigid vessel contains 200 kg of a mixture of saturated water and saturated
steam at a pressure of 2 MPa. When the mixture is heated, the state passes
through critical point. Determine (a) the volume of the vessel (b) the mass of
liquid and vapour initially (c) the quantity of heat addition till critical point.
7 + 5 = 12
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B.TECH/ME/3RD SEM/MECH 2101(BACKLOG)/2021
Group - C
4. (a) One kg of water at 00C is brought in contact with a constant temperature
thermal reservoir at 900 C. When water reaches 900 C, find (i) entropy change
of water (ii) entropy change of the reservoir (ii) entropy change of the universe.
(ii) If water was heated in two stages first from 00 C to 400 C with a 400 C
temperature reservoir and then to 900 C with the 900 C reservoir, what would
have been the change of entropy of the universe?
(b) 300 W of heat is supplied at a constant temperature of 2900 C to three heat
engines each.
The heat rejection takes place at a constant temperature of 850 C. The following
results were reported to have been obtained :
(i) 215 W heat is rejected.
(ii) 150 W heat is rejected.
(iii) 75 W heat is rejected
Classify the above results as reversible/irreversible/impossible cycles in each
case.
6 + 6 = 12
5. (a) Source A can supply thermal energy @ 12000 kJ/min at 3200 C while source B
can supply thermal energy @ 120000 kJ/min at 700 C. Which source would you
choose for running a reversible heat engine to supply large amount of power if
the temperature of the surrounding is 350 C?
(b) An AC motor delivers power in a steady state, at its output shaft @ 16 KW, while
it draws a current of 80 amp at 240 V AC with a power factor of 0.9. The outer
surface of the motor remains steady at a temperature of 470 C. Assume the
motor as the system and find out (a) the rate of heat transfer (b) the rate of
entropy generation and (c) the rate of entropy transfer (all with proper signs).
6 + 6 = 12
Group - D
6. (a) A single acting reciprocating air compressor designed to deliver air at a gauge
pressure of 7 bar has a stroke of 75 cm length with a clearance of 3% of stroke
volume. The compressor was overhauled for the study of the effect of clearance
and a distance piece 0.5 cm thick was fixed with cylinder head, thereby
decreasing the clearance. The compressor was then commissioned with
changed clearance. Make calculations for the percentage change in (i) volume of
free air delivered (ii) power necessary to drive the compressor. Intake pressure
is 1 bar.
(b) Obtain an expression for mean effective pressure of an air standard diesel cycle
in terms of initial pressure and other standard parameters.
6 + 6 = 12
7. (a) An air-standard dual cycle has a compression ratio 16 and compression begins
at 1 bar, 50° C. The maximum pressure attained in the cycle is 70 bar. The heat
transferred to air at constant pressure is equal to that at constant volume during
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heat addition. Draw the p-V diagrams for this cycle. Find the pressures and
temperatures at the cardinal points & the cycle efficiency. Given that, cv= 0.718
kJ/kg, cp = 1.005kJ/kg K.
(b) Show that the volumetric efficiency of a reciprocating compressor is given by
1
𝑃2 𝑛
ηvol = 1 + 𝐶 − 𝐶 ; symbols have their usual meaning
𝑃1
7 + 5 = 12
Group – E
8. (a) In a steam power plant, steam at 20 bar, 3600 C is expanded to 0.08 bar. It then
enters a condenser, where it is condensed to saturated liquid water. The pump
feeds back water into boiler. Assuming ideal processes, find (a) dryness fraction
at turbine exit (b) specific turbine work (b) specific pump work (c) cycle
efficiency
(b) Briefly discuss with the help of a p-h diagram the performance of a vapour
compression refrigeration system for the following factors: (a) effect of decrease
in suction pressure (b) effect of increase in delivery pressure
6 + 6 = 12
9. (a) In a single heater regenerative cycle, the steam enters the turbine at 30 bar,
400°C and the exhausts at a condenser pressure of 0.10 bar. The feedwater
heater is adirect contact type which operates at 4 bar. Neglecting pump work ,
find (a) the turbine work and (b) the efficiency of the cycle.
(b) A standard vapour compression refrigerator using F-12 as the refrigerant
operates between the condenser pressure of 10 bar and the evaporator
pressure of 1.5 bar. The evaporator absorbs 75 kJ/min of energy as heat and the
vapour is dry saturated at exit from the compressor. There is no sub-cooling in
the condenser. Calculate (i) mass flow rate of refrigerant (ii) power consumed
(iii) COP of the cycle.
The table of properties of Freon-12 is given below:
Saturation Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Entropy (kJ/kg-K)
Pressure
temperature
(bar) Liquid Vapour Liquid Vapour
(°C)
10 41.7 76.8 203.65 0.682
1.5 -20.1 17.82 178.84 0.073 0.709
6 + 6 = 12
Department &
Submission Link
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23mfcyv
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MECH 2101 4
