Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION X – NORTHERN MINADANAO
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF MISAMIS ORIENTAL

An Investigatory Project

On

Assessing the Efficacy of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Chili (Capsicum annuum)
Mixtures in Eradicating Harmful Insects

Researchers:
MARK AYEN D. YUGTO
KLIENZ PATRICK BETINOL
MARLON RODANTE BARGAMENTO
DANIELLA MAE ANGGAMAY
ALAIN FORNOLLES ZYRE
CURITANA
MARJUN BALCUEBA JAMAICA
VALDON

PRECY NHOR M. SABUERO

The researchers extend our deepest gratitude to our esteemed teacher, Mrs. Precy Nhor M.

Sabuero, for her invaluable guidance and unwavering support throughout the duration of this

investigatory project. Her wisdom, patience, and encouragement have been instrumental in shaping

our research journey.

The researchers would also like to express our heartfelt appreciation to our dedicated group
members:

Klienz Patrick Betinol, Marlon Rodante Bargamento, Daniella Mae Anggamay, Alain Fornolles,

Zyre Curitana, and Marjun Balcueba. Each member contributed their unique skills, insights, and

efforts, which greatly enriched the process and outcomes of our study.

Furthermore, the researchers acknowledge with gratitude the assistance provided by our

peers, friends, and family members, whose encouragement and support were indispensable sources

of motivation.

Finally, the researcher extend our sincerest thanks to all those who directly or indirectly

contributed to the completion of this research endeavor. Your contributions have not gone

unnoticed and are deeply appreciated.

2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE …………………………………………………………………………..………...i

1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study…………………………………….………………………...............4
1.2 Statement of the Problem………………………………………………..…………………..…5
1.3 Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………….......................6
1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study………………………………………………………..……7
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Review of Related Literature………………………………………………..............................8
3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………10

3
1.1 Background of the study

In agriculture, the use of natural remedies to control harmful insects while minimizing

environmental impact has gained significant attention. One such approach involves the utilization

of garlic (Allium sativum) and chili (Capsicum annuum) mixtures as insecticides, owing to their

inherent properties that effectively repel pests.

According to Sunanta et. al 2023, garlic has been renowned for its pungent aroma and

medicinal properties, contains sulfur compounds responsible for its characteristic odor and

therapeutic effects. Notably, allicin, a biologically active compound found in garlic, exhibits potent

antimicrobial properties against various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and

parasites. Allicin, however, is only formed when garlic is crushed or cut, highlighting the

importance of processing methods in maximizing its efficacy.

On the other hand Fattori et. al 2016 stated that, chili peppers contain capsaicin, an irritant

that induces a sensation of burning upon contact with mammalian tissues, including humans.

Interestingly, capsaicin is most concentrated in the white pith of the inner pepper wall, where seeds

are attached. This compound is believed to have evolved as a natural defense mechanism against

fungal pathogens, suggesting its potential as an antifungal agent.

The combination of garlic and chili pepper mixtures as insecticides offers a promising

alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. By harnessing the natural properties of these

ingredients, it is possible to develop environmentally friendly pest control solutions that minimize

harm to beneficial organisms and reduce chemical residues in agricultural products.

This study aims to assess the efficacy of garlic and chili pepper mixtures in eradicating

harmful insects, thereby contributing to sustainable pest management practices in

[Link] comprehensive experimentation and analysis, we seek to determine the

4
effectiveness of these natural insecticides and explore their potential applications in pest control

strategies.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The primary objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) and

chili (Capsicum annuum) mixtures in eradicating harmful insects. Specifically, the study seeks to

address the following research questions:

1. How effective are garlic and chili mixtures in repelling and eliminating harmful insects

compared to conventional chemical pesticides?

2. What is the optimal formulation of garlic and chili mixtures in terms of concentration and

application method for achieving maximum insecticidal activity?

3. How do environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and crop type influence the

efficacy of garlic and chili mixtures as insecticides?

1.3 Significance of the study

The significance of this study lies in its potential to contribute to the maintenance of human

health and well-being by offering an alternative insecticide derived from garlic and chili extracts.

1. Environmental Pollution: By exploring natural ingredients such as garlic and chili peppers

as insecticides, this study promotes eco-friendly pest management practices that minimize

the use of harmful chemicals, reduce environmental pollution, and preserve biodiversity.

2. Organic Pesticides: The use of garlic and chili-based insecticides may offer health benefits

by reducing exposure to synthetic pesticides, which have been associated with adverse

5
 effects on human health, including respiratory problems, skin irritation, and neurological

disorders.

3. Cost-Effectiveness: Developing insecticides from readily available and affordable

ingredients like garlic and chili peppers can potentially lower production costs for farmers,

making pest control more accessible to small-scale agricultural producers.

4. Agriculture: Effective pest management is essential for maintaining crop yields and

ensuring food security. By evaluating the efficacy of garlic and chili mixtures in controlling

harmful insects, this study contributes to sustainable agricultural practices that enhance

crop productivity and resilience.

5. Farmers: Providing farmers with alternative pest control options empowers them to make

informed decisions about their agricultural practices, reducing reliance on synthetic

chemicals and promoting self-sufficiency in pest management.

Overall, this study has implications for both public health and agricultural sustainability,

highlighting the importance of exploring natural and sustainable solutions for pest control in a

rapidly changing world.

1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study primarily focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of using extracts derived from chili

and garlic stems as insecticides against various pests, including ants and cockroaches.

The scope of the study encompasses a multifaceted investigation into the insecticidal

properties of chili and garlic extracts, spanning laboratory experiments and field trials. It

includes assessing various concentrations and formulations of these extracts to repel and

eliminate pests while also delving into the underlying mechanisms behind their effectiveness.

6
Environmental factors like temperature and humidity are considered, alongside the exploration of

potential applications in household pest control. Despite its breadth, the study's focus is narrowed

to ants and cockroaches, potentially limiting its applicability to other pest species encountered in

diverse settings.

However, several limitations must be acknowledged. The study's geographical and

species focus may not capture the full range of pest behaviors and environmental variations.

Resource constraints may hinder extensive field trials or the exploration of alternative extraction

methods and formulations. Additionally, the study's findings may not be readily generalizable

beyond the specific extracts studied, potentially restricting their applicability to other natural or

commercial insecticides. Despite these constraints, the study endeavors to offer valuable insights

into the eco-friendly potential of chili and garlic extracts for household pest management.

7
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Hot chili pepper (Capsicum Annuum) according to Sunanta et. al 2023, is a widely

cultivated plant belonging to the Solanaceae family, which also includes other common crops such

as potato, tomato, eggplant, and tobacco. Archaeological evidence suggests that chili peppers were

first utilized in Mexico around 7000 BC, and their cultivation spread throughout the Americas

before being introduced to Europe by Christopher Columbus in the 15th century. Chili peppers are

renowned for their characteristic sweet and spicy flavor, making them popular ingredients in

culinary dishes worldwide.

In addition to their culinary uses, chili peppers have been explored for their potential

medicinal properties and applications in pest management. Capsaicin, the active compound

responsible for the pungent heat of chili peppers, has been studied for its insecticidal properties.

Research suggests that capsaicin acts as an irritant to insects, disrupting their feeding and

reproductive behaviors, and may serve as a natural deterrent against pests such as ants and

cockroaches, stated by Fattori et. al 2016.

The efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) and chili (Capsicum annuum) mixtures in

eradicating harmful insects has been a subject of considerable interest and investigation in the field

of pest management. Numerous studies have explored the insecticidal properties of these natural

compounds and their potential as alternative solutions to synthetic pesticides.

Research suggests that garlic and chili mixtures exhibit promising insecticidal effects

against a range of pests, including mosquitoes, aphids, beetles, and caterpillars. These effects are

attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds such as allicin in garlic and capsaicin in chili,

which possess repellent, antifeedant, and toxic properties against insects.

8
 Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of garlic and chili mixtures in various

formulations, including aqueous extracts, oil-based sprays, and powdered forms. The efficacy of

these mixtures is often influenced by factors such as concentration, application method, and

environmental conditions.

Furthermore, research has explored the mechanisms underlying the insecticidal activity of

garlic and chili mixtures, including their effects on insect physiology, behavior, and development.

These insights contribute to a better understanding of how these natural compounds can disrupt

pest populations.

However, while garlic and chili mixtures show promise as eco-friendly alternatives to

synthetic pesticides, several challenges and limitations remain. These include variations in efficacy

against different pest species, potential phytotoxicity to plants, and the need for further research to

optimize formulations and application techniques.

Overall, the literature underscores the potential of garlic and chili mixtures as effective

tools for integrated pest management, offering sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions

for controlling harmful insects in agricultural and household settings. Further research and field

trials are needed to fully explore their practical application and scalability in pest control strategies.

9
 CHAPTER 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Selection of Ingredients and Materials

• Garlic bulbs (Allium sativum)

• Chili peppers (Capsicum annuum)

• Pest-infested plants (e.g., tomato, cabbage, or any susceptible plant)

• Distilled water

• Mortar and pestle

• Strainer or cheesecloth

• Spray bottles

• Measuring cups and spoons

3.2 Preparation of Garlic and Chili Mixture

• Peel garlic cloves and chili peppers.

• Crush garlic cloves and chili peppers separately using mortar and pestle.

• Mix crushed garlic and chili peppers in a ratio based on the predetermined experimental

design (100% garlic, 100% chili, 1:1 garlic-chili ratio).

• Add distilled water to the mixture to create a solution.

3.3 Experimental Design

• Randomized complete block design (RCBD) or Completely Randomized Design (CRD)

can be employed, with each treatment replicated at least three times for statistical validity.

10
 • Treatments may include different ratios of garlic to chili mixture (e.g., 100% garlic, 100%

chili, 1:1 garlic-chili ratio, etc.) and a control group (water spray or commercial

insecticide).

3.4 Preparation of Test Subjects:

• Select pest-infested plants of uniform size and growth stage.

• Ensure that the selected pests are the same species and at similar developmental stages.

• Avoid using plants with existing damage that could affect the experimental results.

3.5 Application of Treatments

• Label each treatment group and control group appropriately.

• Apply the garlic-chili mixture and other treatments using spray bottles, ensuring thorough

coverage of both upper and lower leaf surfaces as well as the stem.

• Apply treatments during the early morning or late afternoon to avoid extreme temperatures

and minimize evaporation.

• Repeat the applications as necessary according to the experimental design.

3.6 Assessment of Insect Mortality and Plant Damage

• Regularly monitor treated plants for signs of insect mortality and observe any changes in

plant health.

• Record the number of dead insects and any visible damage to the plants (e.g., wilting,

discoloration, leaf damage).

• Conduct observations at predetermined intervals over the experimental period.

3.7 Data Analysis:

11
 • Analyze the collected data using appropriate statistical methods (e.g., ANOVA) to

determine significant differences between treatments and the control group.

• Calculate efficacy percentages and compare them among treatments.

• Interpret the results and draw conclusions regarding the efficacy of the garlic-chili mixture

in eradicating harmful insects.

3.8 Safety Precautions:

• Wear gloves and protective clothing when handling garlic and chili peppers to avoid skin

irritation.

• Work in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation of aerosolized ingredients.

• Store prepared solutions and unused ingredients out of reach of children and pets.

12
 APPENDICES

Figure 1. Formulating the investigatory project.

13
Figure 2. Brainstorming for the formulation of pesticides concentration.

14
15