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Nairobi Cluster 2025 Mock

The document outlines the 2025 Series 2 National Schools' Joint Mock exam for various subjects within the Nairobi region, aimed at enhancing academic performance among students. It includes detailed instructions for candidates, a list of subjects tested, and specific biology exam questions with marking schemes. The initiative promotes collaboration among schools to improve student readiness for national examinations.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)

6K views250 pages

Nairobi Cluster 2025 Mock

Uploaded by

bosiboribeatrice25

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

2025 SERIES 2

ALL SUBJECTS

NATIONAL SCHOOLS’ JOINT MOCK WITHIN

NAIROBI REGION
To promote academic excellence, leading national schools within Nairobi come together
for this joint mock exam compilation. This cooperative endeavor includes demanding
tests intended to test students' abilities and improve their preparedness for
national examinations. Participating schools seek to improve student performance
and foster an achievement culture by exchanging tools and tactics.

SUBJECTS TESTED;
Mathematics, English, Kiswahili, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, CRE, IRE, Geography, History,
Home-science, Agriculture, Business & Computer Studies.

For Marking Schemes

Mr Isaboke 0746-222-000 /0742-999-000

MWALIMU CONSULTANCY
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
BIOLOGY
231/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Write your name, class and admission number in the space provided above.
 Write the date of the examination in the space provided above.
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

1 – 32 80

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
1. (i) Some herbaceous stems have very little strengthening tissue yet still remain upright.
Explain. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(ii) Name the strengthening material in sclerenchyma (1 mark)

.....................................................................................................................

2. State the functions of the following structures of the human brain. (3 marks)
(i) Cerebrum
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(ii) Cerebellum
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(iii) Medulla oblongata

3. The diagram shows a simple reflex arc.

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Explain how an impulse is transmitted across the gap between neurons C and D (3 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

4. (a) Based on the structure available on this diagram classify this type of stem. (1 mark)

.....................................................................................................................

(b) How is the other type of stem different from this one? (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

5. State the importance of tactic responses among some members of kingdom Protoctista.(1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

6. State two differences between tropisms and taxes. (2 marks)

Tropisms Taxes
(i)
(ii)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
7. Explain continental drift as an evidence of evolution. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

8. Why are some bacteria able to resist the effect of antibiotics? (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

9. The diagram below illustrates the arrangement of bones and muscles in the human arm.

(i) Name the bone labelled K (1 mark)

K ……………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Explain how the upward movement of the lower arms is brought about by the bones and
muscles shown in the diagram above. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
10. Jerry’s blood crystallizes at low oxygen concentration. He is married to Janice whose blood does
not crystalize in low oxygen concentration. Work out the probability of the couple producing
children with the same fate as their father Jerry. Use the letter d to denote for crystallization at low
oxygen. (4 marks)

11. State the causative agents for the following diseases

(i) Syphilis.................................................. ................................... (1mark)
(ii) Trichomoniasis .............................................. ........................ (1mark)
12. What do you understand by the term ecological niche? (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

13. The diagram below shows the feeding relationship between rabbits and wolves in a given habitat
over a period of 25 years. Study it and answer the questions that follow

(i) Name the type of feeding relationship. (1mark)

.....................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
(ii) Which organism in the relationship above is represented by the curve labeled X and Y (2 mrks)
X ………………………………………………………………………………..
Y ………………………………………………………………………………..

14. The diagram below represents a human reproductive organ.

(i) State two adaptations of the structure labelled L to its functions. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain the role of the role of the gland labelled K (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

15. The diagram below shows different developmental stages of a given organism.

(a) Identify the stages represented by letter Y and Z (2 marks)

Y ………………………………………………………………………………….
Z …………………………………………………………………………………………..
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
(b) Identify the hormones which play a role in the above process and state where they are produced
(2 marks)

Hormone Site of production

15. State the mode of asexual reproduction in yeast (1 mark)

16. Name two substances that leave the foetal blood through the placenta into maternal blood stream.
(2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

17. Besides venation, State two other external characteristics of leaves that can be used to classify
plants. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

18. The graph below shows the concentration antibodies produced during a primary infection and
secondary infection against time. Study the graph and answer the question below.

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
(a) Name the type of immunity illustrated by the graph ` (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................

(b) In a blood test a few drops of anti-B serum were added to two samples of blood separately. No
agglutination occurred in either of them. What were the blood groups of the two samples
(2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

19. (a) State two ways in which opening of the stomata is important to plants (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(b) Explain how accumulation of carbon (IV) oxide in a leaf affects the stomata (3 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

20. Explain each of the following observations:

(a) The stump of a severed tree trunk may exude copious quantities of fluids after cutting(1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(b) Leaf fall reduces the rate of transpiration (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(c) The xylem tissue is made up of dead tissue (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
21. (a) During the process of respiration, the breakdown of glucose occurs in phases.Explain why
these phases are necessary? (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(b) Explain why the rate of production of lactic acid increases during exercise (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

22. Explain why body temperature regulation is more difficult in a hot humid conditions(2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

23. Suggest two ways in which plants compensate for lack of complex excretory organs (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

24. State two factors that would lead to a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

25. Knowledge and skills acquired in the course of studying biology are very important. Justify the
above statement. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
26. The ileum is highly coiled in mammals, State two biological significance of this feature?
(2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

27. Caecum is part of the digestive system of some herbivores. What is its role in digestion?
(1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................

28. The diagram below is that of a certain plant tissue.

a) Name the structures labeled G. (1 mark)

.....................................................................................................................

b) State two adaptations of the specialized cell labeled A to its functions? (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

29. A student was viewing a slide prepared of an epidermal cell under medium power objective lens.
The specimen appeared blurred. Which part of the microscope would the student adjust to obtain a
clearer view? (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
30. (i)Define active transport. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(ii) Why are the following factors important in the process of active transport in cells:
a) Oxygen (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
b) Optimum temperature (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

31. (i) Suggest a likely habitat of an organism with an active contractile vacuole. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(ii) Give a reason for your answer above. (1 mark)

32. How is dark stage of photosynthesis dependent on light stage? (2 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
BIOLOGY
231/2
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
 Write your name and index number in the spaces provided.
 Answer all the questions in Section A in the spaces provided.
 In section B answer questions 6 (compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces
provided

For Examiner’s Use Only:

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE
A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7 OR 8 20
TOTAL 80

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
1.Haemophilia is a genetic disorder caused by a recessive sex-linked gene. A phenotypically normal
couple got a hemophiliac son.
(a) State the genotypes of the parents (2marks)
Father ………………………………………………………………………………...
Mother ……………………………………………………………………………….

(b) Using a genetic cross, determine the genotypes of the couple’s children (4marks)

(c) Explain why hemophilia is common in males than in females (2marks)

2. Aplant physiologist studying the transport mechanisms in a particular plant species under different
environmental conditions. He measured the rates of water uptake, nutrient absorption and sugar
translocation in the xylem and phloem over 48 hours period. The data is summarized in the table
below.
condition Water uptake in mm/hr. Nutrient absorption Sugar translocation
Mg/hr. Mg/hr.
Normal 15 8 12
High soil salinity 10 5 7
Drought condition 6 4 5

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
(a). Compare the rate of water uptake during normal conditions and during high salinity conditions
(2marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(b). Compare the rate of sugar translocation during normal conditions and during drought conditions
(2marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(c). Suggest two physiological conditions that plants use to cope the drought conditions (2marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(d)Name the physiological process involved in:

I. Water uptake (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................
II.sugar translocation (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................

3. The diagram below shows a food web, study it and answer the questions that follow.

Lizard
Mongoose

Grass hopper Chicken Human being

Grass Termite Weaver bird Hawk

Vulture

Sheep Hyena

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
(a) Name the tropic level occupied by the following organisms. (2marks)
(i) Human being
.....................................................................................................................
(ii) Grass
.....................................................................................................................

(b) (i) Identify the organism with the least biomass in this ecosystem. (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain your answer in b(i) above. (2marks)

(c) Name two ways a scientist would use to identify the type of food eaten by the various organisms in
order to design the food web (2marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(d) Extract a food chain with a quaternary consumer (1mark)

.....................................................................................................................

4. An experiment was carried out to examine the rate of respiration (breaths per minute). The data
was collected from infants, children and adults and the data summarized in the table below
Age group in years Rate of respiration (breaths /min)
Infants (0-1) 30-60
Children (5-10) 20-30
Adults20-30 12-20

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
a). Account for the trend in respiration rates from infancy to adulthood (2marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

b). Apart from age name two other factors that affect the rate of respiration (2marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

c) Explain how anaerobic respiration can be applied in making dairy products (2marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

d). Name the part of the brain that controls the rate of breathing (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................
(e) Under what condition are proteins utilized as respiratory substrate (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................

5. In an experiment to investigate a factor affecting photosynthesis, a leaf of a potted plant which

had been kept in the dark overnight was covered with aluminum foil as shown in the diagram
below. The set up was kept in sunlight for three hours after which a food test was carried out on
the leaf

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
(a) Explain the purpose of this experiment? (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

b) What food test was carried out? (1mark)

.....................................................................................................................

c)(i) State the results of the food test (2marks)

(ii) Other than the factor being investigated above, State two other factors that increase the rate of the
process studied (2marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

SECTION B
Answer Question 6(compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provide after
question 8
The following results were obtained from a study of germination and early growth of cowpeas (Vigna
unguiculata). The grains were sown in soil in a greenhouse and at two days intervals. Samples
were taken, oven-dried and weighed. Graph is shown below.
Time after sowing (days) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Dry mass of embryo (g) 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.16 0.24 0.34 0.35

a) Using a suitable scale, plot a graph of dry mass of embryo against time (6 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
b) Give the name of the type of curve you have obtained in 6 (a) above? (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................

c) Explain why the rate of increase is low between day one and day three? (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
d) State three reasons for the limited rate of increase between day nine and day eleven. (3 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
e) Name a phylum whose growth does not take the shape of the curve drawn above. (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................
f) What name is given to the curve exhibited by organisms in the phylum you have named in (e) (i)
above? (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................
g) What causes the behavior of the curve mentioned in (e) (ii) above? (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................
h) State one advantage of using dry mass instead of fresh weight in estimating growth of an
organism. (1 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
i) State the role of the following growth hormones in plant growth and development
i.Abscisic Acid (ABA) (2marks)
.....................................................................................................................
ii.Florigens (1 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

7(a). Describe the mechanism of inhalation in bony fish (10 marks)

(b). Describe the response of a young herbaceous plant to each of the following unidirectional
external stimuli and for each give one significance. (10 marks)
(i) Light
(ii) Contact
8. (a) Explain the role of the liver and pancreas in blood sugar regulation (10 marks)
(b) Describe the adaptations of halophytes to their habitats (10 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
BIOLOGY
231/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 1¾ HOURS
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

CONFIDENTIAL
1. Specimen W( 5 soaked bean seeds)
2. 6 ml Liquid G (Hydrogen peroxide)
3. 1% copper sulphate,
4. 2M sodium hydroxide,
5. Distilled water
6. 5 ml ethanol
7. Iodine solution
8. Pestle and mortar
9. 100ml beaker
10. 10ml measuring cylinder
11. 2 labels
12. 2 boiling tubes
13. 6 test tubes
14. Test tube holder
15. Source of heat
16. Specimen Q (Bougainvillea flower -complete)
17. A hand lens
18. Scalpel

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
BIOLOGY
231/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 1¾ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 Write your name and Index Number in the spaces provided above.
 Sign and write date of examination in the spaces provided above.
 Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided in the question paper.
 You are NOT allowed to start working with the apparatus for the first 15 minutes of the 1 3/4 hours
allowed for this paper.
For Examiner's Use Only

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE SCORE

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
1. You are provided with specimen W, liquid G (Hydrogen peroxide) and 1% copper sulphate
solution, 2M sodium hydroxide solution, distilled water, ethanol and iodine solution. Use them to
carry out ttests below.
Place five pieces of specimen W into a mortar and crush into paste using a pestle. Transfer the paste
into 100ml beaker and add 30ml of water and stir then divide the solution into two equal portions
in two different boiling tube. Label the portions X and Y.
a) Divide portion X into two separate test tubes.
i) To the first test tube add 2ml of hydrogen peroxide and record your observations. (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

ii) Boil the contents of the second test tube then add 2ml of hydrogen peroxide and record your
observations. (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

b) Explain your observation in (ii) above. (2marks)

c) Use portion Y to test for the food substances present using the reagents provided. (9marks)

Food substance Procedure Observation Conclusion

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
d) Name the enzyme in the human digestive system required for the complete digestion of the food
substance absent. (1mark)
.....................................................................................................................

2. You are provided with specimen Q. Observe it then compare with the photograph R shown below
and answer the questions that follow.

Photograph R

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
(a) Name the classes of organisms represented by Q, R and P and give a reason for each one basing
on observable features only (6marks)
SPECIMEN CLASS REASON
Q

(b) Specimen P probes into nectaries of specimens Q and R. State two characteristics of living
organisms achieved after the process (2marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(c) Explain the adaptations of specimen in photograph R to pollination (2marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
(d) Carefully remove one stamen of specimen Q then draw a well labeled diagram. (3marks)

3. You are provided with photographs of specimens P and Q examine them carefully and answer the
questions that follow.

a) Name the region of the mammalian skeleton from which the specimen P and Q were obtained
from. (2 marks)
P. ………………………………………………………………………………………
Q. ……………………………………………………………………………………….
b) With a reason identify the specimen represented in the photographs above
Specimen P
Identity (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Reason (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Specimen Q
Identity (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Reason (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) State two ways specimen Q is suited to its function (2marks)

d) State two structural differences between specimen P and Q (2marks)

P Q

e) The actual length of the hand-lens next to specimen Q is 6. 5cm.Use this information to calculate
the actual lateral length of specimen P (3marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
CHEMISTRY
233/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

Instructions to Candidates
1. Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
2. Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
3. All working must be clearly shown.
4. Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used.

For Examiner’s Use only

Questions Maximum score Candidates score

1 – 27 80

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Answer All The Questions In The Spaces Provided:
1. A school laboratory technician left a sample of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid in an open boiling
tube for 24 hours and she found out that the volume had increased slightly.
a) What property of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid was shown by the above observation?
(1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................

b) Give one use of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid based on the property named in (a)
above. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................

c) Determine the oxidation state of Sulphur in S2O72-. (1 mark)

2. Study the flowchart below and use it to answer the questions that follow.
Brown gas L
step I
Blue solution copper

Reagent Q
Reagent R

Pale blue ppt

Reagent R

Deep blue solution

(a) Give the identity of reagents Q and R (2 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
(b) Write equation leading the formation of the deep blue solution. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

3. (a) State Charles’ Law. (1 mark)

.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(b) The volume of gas Y at a temperature of 25 oC and 600 mmHg pressure is 9.6 x 10-2 m3.
Calculate the temperature at which the volume of the gas would be 6.4 x 10 -2 m3 pressure remains
constant. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

4. A form three student from Isaboke High school was interested in determining the pigments
present in amaranthus leaves that makes it have the green and yellow colourations
a) Identify the substances responsible for the green and the yellow colourations. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

b) State the two processes that make the separation of the pigments possible. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

5. The combustion of a hydrocarbon compound gave 4.4g carbon (IV) oxide and 2.25g water.
i) Calculate the mass of carbon and hydrogen in the hydrocarbon sample. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
ii) Calculate the empirical formula and hence determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon
given that it has a molecular mass of 58. (C=12.0, H=1.0) (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

6. a) Define hydrocarbons. (1 mark)

CH3 C CH3

CH3 ……………………………………………………………..
CH3 (CH 2) 3 CH CH2 ……………………………………………………………..
7. State one role of Chemistry in the society. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................

8. Use the bond enthalpies given below (at 298K) to answer the questions that follow.

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g)

Bond Bond energy kJ /mol
H–H 436
N- H 388
N N 944
a) Work out the enthalpy change for the reaction above. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
b) Draw an energy level diagram showing the activation energy for the above reaction. (2 marks)

9. The diagram below shows part of the Solvay process.

Brine saturated Carbon (IV) oxide

B A Solid Y
With ammonia

Solid E
NH4Cl (aq) C

NaHCO3(s)
process D
Na2CO3

a) Name process D ………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)

b) State the process taking place in chamber C (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State two uses of sodium carbonate. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

10. One of the methods of removing water hardness is by use of ion exchange.
a) Explain how the method can be used to remove water hardness. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
b) After continuous use the ion exchanger column gradually loses the ability to remove water
hardness. How can its ability be regenerated? (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
c) Give one disadvantage of hard water. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................

11. The set up below was used by a form one student in an attempt to prepare and collect sample of a
dry sample of hydrogen gas.

a) Give a reason why the aim of the experiment was not achieved. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

b) Identify the catalyst that can be used in the reaction in the round bottomed flask. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................

12. Use the data given in the table below to determine the molar enthalpy of formation of ethanol
(3 marks)
Combustion of: Molar enthalpy in kJmol-1
Carbon -394
Hydrogen -286
Ethanol -1386
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
13. Using dots (●) and crosses (x) diagrams to represent electrons, show bonding in:
(i) the compound formed when fluorine and nitrogen combine. (1mark)
(atomic numbers N =7. fluorine = 9)

(ii) potassium oxide. (1 mark)

(Atomic numbers K = 19, O=8)

14. a) Define the term rust. (1 mark)

Iron nail Iron nail

Copper strip
magnesium strip

X Y

State the observations made in X and Y if the set- ups are exposed to air for long. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

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15. A dynamic equilibrium between chromate (VI) and chromium (III) ions is as shown below
Cr2O72-(aq) + 14H+(aq) 2Cr3+ (aq) + 7H2O (i)
(Orange) (Green)
State and explain the observation made when dilute sodium hydroxide solution is added to the
equilibrium mixture. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

16. Name and give the uses of the following pieces of apparatuses

a)
Name……………………………………………………………………………(½ mark)
Use……………………………………………………………………………… (½ mark)

b)
Name……………………………………………………………………………..(½ mark)
Use……………………………………………………………………………….. (½ mark)
17. “JIK” is common house hold bleach which contains sodium hypochlorite as the active ingredient.
a) Write down an equation to show how the active ingredient in “JIK” bleaches a colored dye.
(1mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

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b) Name the process by which “JIK” bleaches a coloured dye. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................

c) Suggest why it is better to use “JIK” as bleach when washing clothes instead of using chlorine
water. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

18. a) P grams of a radioactive isotope sample takes 160 days to disintegrate to 7g. The half-
life of the isotope is 40days. Find the initial mass P. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

b) State one danger associated with radioactivity. (1 mark)

19. Starting with recycled copper, describe how copper (II) sulphate crystals can be prepared in the
laboratory. (3 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

20. Ethanedioic acid, (COOH)2, was used to prepare carbon (II) oxide instead of methanoic acid,
HCOOH, in the laboratory. It gave equal volumes of carbon (II) oxide and carbon (IV) oxide.
a) Write an equation for the dehydration of ethanedioic acid. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
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b) Explain how pure carbon (II) oxide can be obtained from the mixture of the two gases?(1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

c) State two physical properties of carbon (II) oxide which make it be referred to as a “silent killer.”
(1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

21. a) What are isotopes? (1 mark)

.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
b) Element W has two isotopes 36W and 40W which occur in the ratio K:4. Given that R.A.M of W is
37.25. find the value of K. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

22. a) What is meant by an acid-base indicator? (1 mark)

.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
b) Give two disadvantages of using flower extract as acid-base indicator compared to commercial
indicators. (2marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

23. The data below was recorded when metal M was completely burnt in air (M is not the actual
symbol of the element, R.A.M; M=207, O = 16)
Mass of the empty crucible and lid =10.2 g
Mass of crucible, lid and metal M = 16.41g
Mass of crucible, lid and metal oxide =17.37 g
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a) Determine the mass of:
i) Metal M (½ mark)

ii) Oxygen (½ mark)

b) Determine the empirical formula of the metal oxide. (2 marks)

24. The products formed by the action of heat on the nitrates of elements K, M and N are given in the
table below.
Nitrate Products formed
K metal + nitrogen (IV) oxide + oxygen
M metal oxide+ nitrogen (IV) oxide + oxygen
N metal nitrite + oxygen

a) Which element forms a soluble carbonate. (1 mark)

.....................................................................................................................
b) Arrange the metal elements in increasing order of reactivity. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
c) Give one example of K. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................

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25. The set-up below illustrates an experiment to investigate conduction of electric of lead (II)
bromide. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

A Ammeter
Switch
Torch bulb

Electrode X Electrode Y

Evaporating
dish PbBr2 (s)

a) State the mistake in the set-up. (1 mark)

.....................................................................................................................

b) If the experiment was properly carried out, state the observations made at the cathode
at the end of the experiment and write a half-reaction equation for the reaction. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

26. The following are reduction potentials of some elements.

Half reaction Eθ volts
Zn2+(aq) + 2e- → Zn(s) -0.76
Al3+(aq) + 3e- → Al (s) -1.66
Fe2+(aq) +2e- → Fe(s) -0.44

Using the information above, explain whether it is advisable or not to store iron (II) sulphate
solution in aluminium containers. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
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27. The table below shows organic compounds A, B, C, D and E. Use the information given to answer
the questions that follow.
Substance A B C D E
Symbol CH2OH R-COOCH2
R-COO-Na+ CHOH --CH2 – CH2 –n R- COOCH R-OSO3-Na+
CH2OH R- COOCH2

a) Identify
I. A soapless detergent. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
II. An ester (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
b) Give one disadvantage of continued use of substance C. (1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................

27. (a) Both water gas (carbon (II) oxide and hydrogen) and producer gas (carbon (II) oxide
and nitrogen) can be used as fuels. Explain why water gas is a better fuel. (2 marks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

b) Give the abbreviation of “dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane” (1 mark)

.....................................................................................................................

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
CHEMISTRY
233/2
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS
 Write your name, Index number and class in the spaces provided above.
 Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
 Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
 All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM CANDIDATE’S
SCORE SCORE
1 10
2 12
3 12
4 10
5 12
6 12
7 12
Total 80

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1. (a) Study the set up below and use it to answer the questions that follow.

(i) What is the aim of the experiment? (1 mk)

.....................................................................................................................
(ii) Identify one mistake in the set up above. (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................
(iii) After the experiment, the student calculated the volume of air used and found to be 19.2%.
Comment on the results. (2 mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(b) Another student carried out the same experiment using phosphorous. Instead of burning candle:
(i) State one modification the student should carry out on the above set up to suit the experiment.
(1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(ii) Describe the above experiment to show how results were obtained. (3 mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(iii) After the experiment the student added three drops of methyl orange indicator in the trough.
State and explain the observation made. (2 mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
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2. (a) The grid below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the
questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of elements.

A B C
D E F G J
H
(i) Using an ionic equation explain the observation made when a solution of potassium bromide is
reacted with G. (2 mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(ii) Both F and G are period 3 elements. Compare with a reason, their electronegativities. 2 mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(iii) Element A combines with chlorine to form a chloride of A. State the most likely pH value of a
solution of a chloride of A. Explain. (2 mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(i) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between an oxide of E and sodium hydroxide. (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................

(b) (i)Explain why molten calcium chloride and magnesium chloride conducts electricity while
carbon tetrachloride and silicon tetrachloride do not. (2 mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
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(ii)Under the same conditions gaseous neon was found to diffuse faster than gaseous fluorine.
Explain the observation. (F = 19.0, Ne = 20.0) (2 mks)
.....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(iii) Give one use of element J (1mk)

.....................................................................................................................

3. I.Study Table below and answer the questions that follow

Eθ(V)
Ag+(aq) + e- Ag (s) + 0.80
Cu2+(aq) +2e- Cu(s) + 0.34
2H+(ag) + 2e- H2(g) 0.00
Cr3+(aq) + 3e- Cr(s) -0.74
Na+(aq) + e- Na (s) -2.17

a) Identify the strongest reducing agent. Explain. (2mks)

b) Give two half cells which will produce the highest Eθ value when connected. (1mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

c) Why is it not practical to make the cell you have given in (b) above. (1mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

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II. A certain celebrity wanted to electroplate a certain ornament with Copper to a surface of 0.25 cm2.
How long will to take to pass a current of 0.5A through a solution of copper (II) Sulphate in order
to electroplate 2 cm of the ornament. (Density of copper = 8.92 g/cm3, IF = 96500, Cu = 63.5)
(3mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

III. A student set up the cell shown in the figure below

The student recorded an initial voltage of +0.16 V at 25 0C

(a) Explain how the salt bridge provides an electrical connection between the two solutions.(1 mark)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(b) The standard electrode potential for the Cu2+(aq)/Cu(s) electrode is
Cu2+(aq) + 2e– → Cu(s) Eϴ= + 0.34 V
(c) Calculate the electrode potential of the left-hand electrode in the Figure [1mark]
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(d) Both electrodes contain a strip of copper metal in a solution of aqueous Cu 2+ ions. State why the
left-hand electrode does not have an electrode potential of +0.34 V [1mk]
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
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(e) Give the conventional representation for the cell in the figure above. [1mk]
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(f) When the voltmeter is replaced by a bulb, the emf of the cell in the Figure decreases over time to
0V, Suggest how the concentration of copper (II) ions in the left-hand electrode changes when the
bulb is alight. Give one reason why the emf of the cell decreases to 0V [1mk]
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

4. I. One of the factors which determine the reaction rate of solids is particle size.
(a) A mixture of finely powdered aluminium and air may explode when ignited. This causes a large
and sudden increase in temperature. Explain each of the following in terms of collisions between
reacting particles.
(i) Why is the reaction between finely powdered aluminium and air very fast? (1mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why for most reactions the rate of reaction decreases with time. (1mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(iii) Suggest an explanation why the rate of reaction in an explosion could increase rather than
decrease with time. (1mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(b) A student compared the rates of reaction of three metal Hydrogen carbonates. She measured the
volume of gas released using the apparatus shown.

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State one thing that must be kept constant if the rates of the three reactions are to be compared in a
fair way. (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(ii) Which carbonate produced carbon (IV) oxide at the highest rate? (1mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(iii) What volume of carbon (IV) oxide was produced by Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate in twelve
minutes? (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

II. Carbon (II) oxide and hydrogen are used in the manufacture of methanol (CH 3OH). The reaction is
reversible and can reach a position of dynamic equilibrium.
CO(g) + 2H2 (g) ⇌ CH3 OH(g) ΔH = –91 kJ/mol

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The reaction is carried out at a pressure of about 100 atmospheres and a temperature of 250 0C.
(a) State one feature of a reaction that is in dynamic equilibrium. (1mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(b) (i) How would a decrease in temperature at constant pressure affect the amount of
methanol in the equilibrium mixture? Explain your answer (2mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(ii) How would an increase in pressure at constant temperature affect the amount of methanol in the
equilibrium mixture? (1mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

5. Study the flow charts below and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Identify process B. (1 mk)

.....................................................................................................................

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(b) Give two optimum conditions required in the process named above. (2 mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(c) Explain why the ore is crushed. (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(d) Which process occurs in the mixing chamber?
.....................................................................................................................
(e) Explain use of the following: (2 mks)
(i) Water
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(ii) Oil
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
(f) Write the equation for the formation of slag (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................
(g) Identify the cations present where the metal is being purified (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................

(h) Give a reason for the following use of the above metal.
I. Making electrical wires (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
II. Making soldering wires (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(i) Give two environment effects of the above process. (2 mks)

.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
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6. a) Phosphorus trichloride reacts with water to form two acids.
(i) One of the acid is H3PO3, Calculate the oxidation state of Phosphorus in the acid and hence give
the IUPAC name for the acid [2marks]
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(ii) Describe how you could show that the other acid is a weaker acid than hydrochloric acid.
(2mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(iii) Two salts of phosphoric acid are its sodium salt, which is soluble in water, and its calcium salt
which is insoluble in water. Suggest a method of preparation for each of these salts from aqueous
phosphoric acid. (2mks)
sodium salt ................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
Calcium salt...............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

b) The formulae of insoluble compounds can be found by precipitation reactions. To 12.0 cm3 of an
aqueous solution of the nitrate of metal T was added 2.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium phosphate,
Na3PO4. The concentration of both solutions was 1M. When the precipitate had settled, its height
was measured.

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The experiment was repeated using different volumes of the phosphate solution. The results are
shown on the following graph.

(i) What is the formula of the phosphate of metal T? Give your reasoning. (2mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

c) The following apparatus was set up to investigate the electrical conductivity of dilute acids

If it was replaced by a weak acid, what two differences in the observations would you expect to make
(2mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

d)Explain the following observation. A certain Chloride dissolves in water to form an electrolyte
while the same chloride dissolves in methylbenzene to form a non-electrolyte. (2mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

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7. (a) Name the following compounds (2mks)
(i) CH3OHCH2
………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii)
……………………………………………………………………………

(b)Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

(i) State the conditions necessary for fermentation of glucose to take place. (1mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(ii) State one reagent that can be used to carry out process S. (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................

(iii) Identify the substances (2 mks)

P.........................................................................................................
T.........................................................................................................

(iv) Write an equation for the reaction resulting to formation of substance M. (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................

(v) How sodium hydroxide is kept dry during the reaction. (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
(vi) Give one commercial use of process R. (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(c)Describe a chemical test to distinguish between the compounds represented by formula CnH2n+2
and CnH2n (2mks)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

(d) State one use of ethanol other than as an alcoholic drink. (1 mk)
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
CHEMISTRY
233/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2¼ HOURS
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

CONFIDENTIAL.
In addition to the apparatus and fittings found in the laboratory, each student will
require the following:
1. About 100 cm3 of Sodium hydroxide solution
2. About 50 cm3 of solution B
3. pipette and pipette filler.
4. 50ml burette
5. 2 conical flasks (250ml)
6. A 250ml volumetric flask
7. 1 thermometer (-10o C to 110oC)
8. Stop watch/clock
9. 100ml plastic beaker
10. 6 test tubes
11. 2 boiling tubes
12. 10ml measuring cylinder
13. 1 label
14. Filter funnel
15. 500 cm3 Distilled water
16. 0.5g sodium hydrogen carbonate.
17. 5cm³ Ethanol.
18. 1-14 PH chart.
19. 2.0g Solid Q.
20. 2.0g Solid A.
21. 1 spatula.

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
ACCESS TO:
22. Universal indicator solution.
23. Phenolphthalein indicator supplied with a dropper
24. Acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution supplied with a dropper.
25. Bromine water supplied with a dropper.
26. Conc. Sulphuric (VI) acid with a dropper.
27. Means of heating
28. 2M Lead (II) nitrate solution.
29. 2M Dilute nitric (V) acid solution.
30. 0.5M Barium nitrate solution.
31. 2M Sodium hydroxide solution.
32. 2M Aqueous ammonia.
33. 2M Hydrochloric acid.

Preparation
 Solution B (2 M H C l ) is prepared by measuring about 500cm3 of
distilled water and placing it in a one litre volumetric flask then add the
172cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid carefully and top up to the mark.
 Sodium hydroxide solution (0.1M) is prepared by dissolving 4.0g of the
solid in about 500cm3 of water then diluting to one litre in a volumetric
flask.
 2M aqueous Ammonia is prepared by dissolving 298cm3 of concentrated
Ammonia in distilled water and diluting to one litre of solution.
 Barium nitrate solution is prepared by dissolving 0.05g in one litre of
solution.
 2M bench reagent of Sodium hydroxide is prepared by dissolving 80g of
sodium hydroxide in one litre of solution.
 Bromine water is prepared by taking 10cm3 of liquid Bromine and
dissolving it in 100cm3 of distilled water in a fume cupboard or open
air. This must be freshly prepared and stored in a dark bottle.
 Acidified potassium manganate (VII) is prepared by dissolving 3.16g of
KMnO4 in 600cm3 of 2MH2SO4 and made to one litre solution.
 2M Lead (II)nitrate solution is prepared by dissolving 662.4g of
Pb(NO3)2 in one litre of distilled water.
 Solid R is 2.0g of oxalic acid weighed accurately and supplied in a
stopped container.
 Solid Q is 2.0g of h y d r a te d Al2(SO4)3
 Solid A is 2.0g of potassium nitrate. (KNO 3)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
CHEMISTRY
233/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2¼ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
 Write your name, admission number, index number and class in the spaces provided above.
 Indicate the date of exam and sign off in the spaces provided above.
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided below each question.
 KNEC Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
 All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
 Candidate should take the first 15 minutes to go through the instructions.

FOR EXAMINER`S USE ONLY

QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE`S SCORE
1 22
2(a) 10
(b) 8
Grand Total 40
1. You are provided with
 Solid A
 2.0M hydrochloric acid solution B
 0.1M Sodium hydroxide solution D

You are required to determine the enthalpy change ∆H. for the reaction between solid A and one
mole of hydrochloric acid.

Procedure 1
Using a burette, place 20.0cm3 of 2.0M hydrochloric acid, solution B in a 100ml beaker. Measure
the temperature of the solution after every half-minute and record the values in table 1. At
exactly 2 minutes, add all of solid A to the acid. Stir the mixture gently with thermometer.
Measure the temperature of the mixture after every half-minute and record the values in table
1. Retain the mixture for use in Procedure II.
Table 1 (5marks)

Time 0 1 1 11 2 21 3 31 4 41 5
(min) / / / / /
2 2 2 2 2

Temperat
ure
(c)

(a) Plot a graph of temperature (y-axis) against time. (3marks)

(b) Using the graph determine the change in temperature, ∆T (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(c) Calculate the heat change for the reaction. (Assume that the specific heat capacity of the
mixture of the mixture is 4.2Jg-1K-1 and the density of the mixture is 1g/cm3). (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Procedure II
Rinse the burette thoroughly and fill it with sodium hydroxide solution D. Transfer all the contents
of the 100 ml beaker used in procedure 1 into a 250ml volumetric flask. Add distilled water
to make up to the mark. Label this solution C. Using pipette and a pipette filler, place 25.0
cm3 of solution C into a 250ml conical flask. Add two or three drops of phenolphthalein
indicator and titrate against sodium hydroxide until a permanent pink colour just appears.
Record your results in table. Repeat titration two more times and complete table 2.
Table 2 (4marks)
I II III

Final burette reading (cm3)

Initial burette reading(cm3)
Average volume of D used
(cm3)

Calculate the:
(d) Average volume of sodium hydroxide solution D used. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(e) The number of mole of:

i. Sodium hydroxide solution D used. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. Hydrochloric acid in 25 cm3 of solution C. (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. Hydrochloric acid in 250 cm3 of solution C. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iv. Hydrochloric acid in 20.0 cm3 of solution B. (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

v. Hydrochloric acid that reacted with sold A. (1mark)

(f) Calculate the Molar enthalpy of reaction between solid A and one mole of hydrochloric
acid. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. (I) You are provided with solid Q. Carry out the tests below and record your
observations and inferences in the spaces provided.
(a) Strongly heat a spatula-end full of solid Q in a dry test tube.
Observation Inference

(1mark) (1/2mark)
(b) (i) Place the remaining solid Q in a boiling tube. Add 10 cm3 of distilled water.
Divide the solution into five portions.
Observation Inference

(1/2mark) (1mark)
(ii) To the first portion, add universal indicator solution.
Observation Inference

(1/2mark) (1/2mark)
(iii) To the second portion, add aqueous lead (II) nitrate solution.
Observation Inference

(1/2mark) (1mark)

(iv) To the third portion, add dilute nitric(V)acid followed by barium nitratesolution..
Observation Inference

1
(1mark) /2mark)
(v) To the forth portion, add few drops of sodium hydroxide until in excess.
Observation Inference

(1mark) (1 mark)

(vi) To the firth portion, add few drops of aqueous ammonia until in excess.
Observation Inference

(1 mark) (1 mark)

(II) You are provided with solid R. carry out the tests below and record your
observations and inferences.
(a) Place a spatula-end full of solid R in dry boiling tube and add about 10 cm3 of

distilled water. Shake thoroughly and divide the solution into five portions.
Observation Inference

(1 mark) (½ mark)
(b) (i) Test the first portion with the universal indicator solution provided.

Observation Inference

(½ mark
(½ mark)

(ii) to the second portion, add a few drops of acidified potassium manganate (VII)
solution.
Observation Inference

(½ mark) (1 mark)

(iii) To the third portion, add few drops of bromine water.

Observation Inference

(½ mark) (½ mark)
(iv) To the fourth portion, add all the sodium hydrogen carbonate provided.
Observation Inference

(1 mark) (1mark)

(v) To the fifth portion in a boiling tube, add 5cm3 of ethanol followed by few drops
of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid. Warm the mixture.
Observation Inference

(1/2 mark) (1/2 mark)

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
PHYSICS
232/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(i) Write your name, admission number and class in the spaces provided above.
(ii) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(iii) This paper consists of TWO sections: A and B.
(iv) Answer ALL the questions in sections A and B in the spaces provided.
(v) ALL working MUST be clearly shown.
(vi) Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used.
For Examiner’s Use Only

Section Question Maximum Score Candidate’s Score

A 1 – 13 25
14 09
15 12
16 10
B 17 10
18 07
Total Score 80

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SECTION A : (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section.
1. A stopwatch started 0.36s after the start button was pressed. The time recorded using a stopwatch
for an athlete running from point A to B was 12.86s. Determine the actual time taken by the
athlete.

2. Fig 1.0 shows a spherical ball held between the anvil and the spindle of a micrometer screw gauge.
Determine the radius of the spherical ball. Give your answer in SI units. (2 marks)

3. Figure 2.0 shows a loop of cotton thread tied onto a wire frame. The figure is dipped into a soap
solution and withdrawn.

On the space left below , Illustrate and explain what happens to the shape of the loop of thread when
part A is broken by touching it with a hot needle. (2 marks)

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4. Figure 3.0 shows a brick of mass 8.0kg standing upright on the ground as shown.

What is the pressure it exerts on the ground ? (g = 10Nkg-1) (3 marks)

5. The figure 4.0 shows a rod made of wood on one end and metal on the other end suspended freely
with a piece of thread so that it is in equilibrium.

Heat
The side made of metal is heated with a bunsen burner flame. State with a reason, the side to which
the rod is likely to tilt (2 mks)

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6. State the relationship between Physics and Mathematics.
The diagram in fig 5.0 shows a section of a pipe with different cross-sectional area

If water flows with a velocity of 10m/s in section A, what would be the velocity of water in section B
? (3 marks)

7. Determine the spring constant of a spiral spring whose length changes from 10cm to 18cm when a
load of 10.0N is suspended from its lower end. (3 marks)

8. Figure 6.0 below shows a wooden sphere with a nail hammered into it as shown.
Nail

Wooden sphere

Fig. 6.0 Y

The sphere is rolled on a horizontal ground and comes the rest after sometime at point Y. Draw the
sphere after it comes to rest at point Y. (1 mark)

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9. When the temperature of an enclosed gas at constant pressure is raised, the volume of the gas
increases. Explain how the molecules of the gas causes the increase in volume. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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10. It is easier to stop a saloon car than a bus when both are moving with the same velocity. Explain.
(2 mrks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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11. Figure 7.0 (a) shows a displacement-time graph. Sketch a velocity-time graph on fig. 7.0(b)

12. State the law of conservation of energy. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B (55 MARKS)

Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided
14(a) Define specific heat capacity (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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b) The figure below shows apparatus that a student uses to make an estimate of specific heat capacity
of iron. The power of the heater is known

i) State four readings the student must take to find the specific heat capacity of iron. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) How could you use the measurements above to find the specific heat capacity of iron. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Explain why the value obtained above with this apparatus is higher than the actual value. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iv)State one addition to the apparatus that would help improve the accuracy of the value obtained.
(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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c) 20g of a certain fuel produces 3.5x107 J/kg of heat when burnt in a plentiful supply of oxygen.
This mass of fuel was burnt and the heat obtained was used without loss to heat 400g of a liquid
originally at 10oc. After all the heat has been absorbed by the liquid , 140g of it remained as a
liquid. The specific heat capacity of the liquid was 2.5x103 J/KgK and its boiling point was 80oc .
Calculate the specific latent heat of vapourization of the liquid. (ignoring heat losses , the thermal
capacity of the container and any liquid evaporated before reaching boiling point). (4 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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15(a) Define the term velocity ratio (1 mark)

b) Draw a labeled diagram of a block and tackle system which has a velocity ratio of 7. (2 marks)

b) This pulley system has an efficiency of 70%. Calculate.

i) Its mechanical advantage ( 2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Effort required to raise a load of 122N (2 marks)

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iii) The work done by a man using this machine in raising the load through a vertical distance of 3.0m.
(3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iv) The time taken to do this if his average rate of working is 150W. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16(a) i)State Archimedes principle (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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ii) Explain one application of Archimedes principle in real life (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) The mass of the fabric of a large balloon is 700kg. The balloon is inflated with 2000m3of helium.
The balloon is attached to a cable fixed to the ground and released to still air ( density of air and
helium are 1.25kg/m3 and 0.18kg/m3 respectively)
i) Draw the forces acting on it (2 marks)

ii) Determine the tension in the cable (3 marks)

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iii) What would be the acceleration of the balloon if the cable is cut? (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) The figure below shows a simple hydrometer

i) State the purpose of the lead shots in the glass bulb (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) How would the hydrometer be made more sensitive (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii) Describe how the stem is calibrated to measure relative density (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17(a)Define centripetal force (1 mark)

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b) The figure below shows a stone moving with uniform speed in a horizontal circle
Indicate on the figure the centripetal force(T) (1 mark)

c) If the stone takes 15 seconds to describe an arc length of 5cm. Calculate

i) The angle it subtends at the centre (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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ii) The angular velocity  (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(v). Linear velocity V of the stone (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
iv) The centripetal force (T) (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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18. A block of mass 200g rests on a rough a horizontal table. A force of 0.6N pulls the block so that it
moves with a constant acceleration of 1m/s2 calculate
i) The time it takes to travel a distance of 200m (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) the frictional force between the block and the table (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii) The coefficient of kinetic friction between the two forces (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iv) Apart from the normal reaction and frictional force, name other force (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
PHYSICS
232/2
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY:

Section Question Maximum Candidate’s
Score Score
A 1 – 13 25
14 07
15 12
B 16 12
17 13
18 11
Total Score 80

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Section A (25 marks)
1. The figure below shows a magnet suspended above a coil of wire.

Spring

magnet

Coil Sensitive centre

Galvanometer

The end of the magnet is pushed into the coil and released, so that it bounces repeatedly in and out
of the coil. Describe what is seen on the sensitive centre-zero galvanometer (2 mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. State two advantages and one disadvantage of a convex mirror when used as a driving mirror
(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. The figure below shows an incomplete circuit of an electromagnet.

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Complete the circuit by drawing the windings on the two arms of the core so that A and B are both
north poles when the switch S is closed. Indicate the direction of the current of the windings
drawn. (1 mark)
4. The plates A and B of a parallel capacitor shown in the figure (i) below were first charged
and then placed parallel to each other and at distance d.

(i) (ii)

Plate A is moved slightly to the right, figure (ii). State with a reason what effect this change will
have on the capacitance of the capacitor. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. The chart below shows an arrangement of different parts of electromagnetic spectrum:

Radio Infra-red Visible A X-Rays Gamma Rays

Name the radiation represented by A. (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. The figure below shows a simple d.c. motor;

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(i) Name the parts labeled P and Q
p …………………………………………………………………………………. (1mark)
Q…………………………………………………………………………………. (1mark)

(ii) Explain why the pole pieces are curved (1mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. The student wants to find the refractive index of the glass. The photograph shows the apparatus
the student has available.

Describe how the student should carry out the experiment. (4 mks)
You should include:
 what the student should measure
 how the measurements should be made
 how the student should use a graph to find the refractive index
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. James rubbed a glass rod with a cloth to give it a positive charge. His effort to charge an
aluminum rod using the same method didn’t work out. Explain this observation (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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9. A student set-up the two circuits in fig. A and fig B as shown below. If the bulbs and cells were
identical, state with a reason which bulb will be brighter. (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. An iron rod placed on a bench is stroked several times using on ole of a bar magnet. Sketch a
graph showing the degree of magnetization against the number of strokes on the axes below.
(2mks)

11. State one similarity between the human eye and the lens camera. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. A soldier standing at some distance from a wall blows a whistle and hears its echo 1.8 seconds
later. How far is the soldier from the wall? ( speed of sound in air is 330ms-1) (3marks)

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13. Distinguish between transverse and longitudinal waves. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Section B (55 marks)

Answer all questions in this section and on the spaces provided
14. Figure 7 is a diagram of cathode ray tube. M and N are parallel vertical plates.

S
N
M
F Screen seen
~
Spot from front

+ High voltage M N
b

Figure 7(a) Figure 97b)

a) When switch S is open, spot is seen at the centre of the screen as shown in figure 9.
i) State what happens to the spot when S is closed. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) State what would happen to the spot if the potential difference across MN is increased.
(1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

iii) State what would be seen on the screen if the battery is replaced with an alternating e.m.f of;
I) a low frequency of about 1HZ (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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II) a high frequency of about 50HZ. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain the process by which electron are produced at F. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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c) State with a reason how the brightness of the spot can be increased. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

d) The accelerating voltage of the tube is 1000V and the electron current in the beam is 1.5mA.
Determine the energy to the screen per second. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. a) State two differences between the image formed when the object is between C and F and the
one formed when the object between F and P by a concave mirror. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) An object is placed 60cm from of a concave lens of focal length 40cm. Determine the position
of the image. (3 marks)

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c)Figure 8 chows a graph drawn from an experimental data to determine the focal length of a convex
lens.

(U+V)cm *

70 *

60 *

50 *

40 *

30 *
20
*

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 (UV) cm²

i)Determine the slope of the graph. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii)Determine the focal length of the lens. (3 marks)

16. a) What is meant by the term photoelectric effect. (1 mark)

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b)The figure below shows an arrangement used to investigate photoelectric effect.
White Color

Filter
Light

X Y

Jockey MA

i)Name the parts X and Y (2 marks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii)State how the intensity of light affects the photo current. (2 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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c) The result obtained from experiment with different colours are shown graphically below.
Stopping potential, Vs(v)

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
14
Frequency f(X10 Hz)

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From the graph determine;
i)Threshold frequency. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii)The work function of the metal (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. . The figure below shows a ray of white light dispersed in a triangular prism. The speed of violet
light in the prism is 1.88 x 108m/s.
Screen
Glass prism

White light 
r

a) Explain how glass disperses white light into read and violet bands. (2 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Determine the refractive index of the prism material for violet light. (Take speed of violet
light in vacuum = 3.0 x 108m/s) (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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c) Show on the figure the critical angle, c, for violet light and determine its value. (3 marks)
d) Given that r = 21.5o determine the angel . (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

e)On the same figure, sketch the part of red light after white light strikes the prism if the prism
was replaced by another of similar shape but lower refractive index. (use dotted line for the
answer) (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. a)State Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction. (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) A wire placed between the poles of two permanent magnets is connected as shown in figure
10.
G

i)State and explain what is observed when the wire is moved up and down. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Suggest two ways of altering the magnitude of the effect you have stated in (i) above.(2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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c) Explain why the core of a transformer is :
i) laminated (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii) Made of soft iron (1 mark)

d) A heater rated 3KW is used for 30 minutes every day for 30 days. Calculate the cost of the
electricity consumed in the 30 days given that its charged at Ksh.7.00 per unit. (3 marks)

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
PHYSICS
232/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2½ HOURS
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

CONFIDENTIAL
INSTRUCTIONS TO SCHOOLS
 This report is highly confidential and therefore should not be exposed to persons who are not
concerned with the preparation of the requirements.
 The report should therefore be handled in strict confidence of the following.
a) The head of institution
b) The H.O.D sciences
c) The Physics subject head
 Any leaked information to the unconcerned parties may lead to a strict penalty to the above
 The teacher in-charge should do the experiments (and hand in the sample results with the scripts,
during moderation exercise)
 The teacher should write a brief report on the practical.

REQUIREMENTS FOR QUESTION 1

- Complete retort stand
- Wooden wedge (knife edge)
- Two pieces of thread (40 cm and 20 cm long)
- Mass Q
- Metre rule
- A single pulley
- A spring
- Two 10g masses
- Two 20g masses
- Two 50g masses

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Question II

REQUIREMENTS FOR QUESTION 2 (a)

• Metre rule
• Lens on a lens holder
• Cardboard with cross-wires.
• Screen
• Source of light
•
REQUIREMENTS FOR QUESTION 2 (b)
• Volt metre
• Ammeter
• Nichrome wire 10cm long gauge 32
• One cell
• A switch

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
PHYSICS
232/3
PAPER 3 (PRACTICAL)
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS
 Write your name, admission number, class and signature in the spaces provided.
 Answer all the questions in the spaces provided in this paper.
 You are supposed to spend the first 15 minutes of the 2 ½ hours allowed for this paper reading the
whole paper carefully before your start.
 Marks will be given for clear record of observations actually made, for their suitability and
accuracy, and the use made of them.
 Candidates are advised to record their observations as soon as they are made.
 Electronic calculators and mathematical tables may be used.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question(s) Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
1 20
I 15
2
II 5
TOTAL 40

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Question 1.
1. You are provided with the following apparatus
- Complete retort stand
- Wooden wedge (knife edge)
- Two pieces of thread (40 cm and 20 cm long)
- Mass Q
- Metre rule
- A single pulley
- A spring
- Two 10g masses
- Two 20g masses
- Two 50g masses

Proceed as follows;-
(a) Balance the metre rule on the wedge. Note and record the point, G, where the metre rule balances
G = _________________________________________________ cm (1mk)
(b) Measure the mass m of the metre rule using the spring balance.
M = _________________________________________________kg (1mk)
(c )Arrange the apparatus as shown in figure 1 below
Pulley

Thread

50g Pivot

(d) Hang the mass Q on the metre rule and adjust its position so that the metre rule is in equilibrium.
The thread over the pulley must always be kept perpendicular to the metre rule.
(e) Measure the distance,x, between the point of suspension of the mass, Q and the thread.
Repeat for masses 90g, 100g, 110g and 120g instead of the 80g mass and each time note(x)

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Complete table 1 below
Mass(g) 50 60 70 80 90 100
Tension, T(N)
Distance,X(m)
(5marks)
(f) On the grid provided, plot a graph of distance x (y-axis) against the tension, T.(5marks)

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g)Calculate the slope (s) of the graph (2marks)

(h) Measure L, the distance between G and the thread.

L = _______________________________________________(m) (1marks)

(i) Given that X = 0.8y + Lz – 0.8T obtain the values of y and z from the graph
y y (4mks)

(j) Determine the maximum load the beam balance can measure. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Question 2:
a) Your are provided with the following apparatus
- Metre rule
- Lens on a lens holder
- Cardboard with cross-wires on a hole.
- A white Screen
- Source of light

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Procedure.
Lens
White screen
Cross
wire

x
Source of light

Object Image
distance, u distance ,
Fig. 2 v
 Set up the apparatus as shown above in figure 2
 Place the object (cross wires & screen) at the zero centimetre mark of a
metre rule
 Set the object distance u, by placing the lens at the 70cm mark of the metre rule
 Adjust the screen until a sharp image is obtained
 Determine the corresponding image distance v.
 Repeat the procedure above for values of u=60cm, 50cm, 40cm and 30cm.

i) Record your results as shown below (7 marks )

Object distance u (cm)
Image distance, v, (cm) 3mks 1/u (cm-1) 1/v (cm-1)
(2mks) (2mks)
30
40
50
60
70

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ii) Use the table to plot a graph of 1/v against 1/
u (1/v vertical axis) (5mks)

iii) Using the graph; determine the focal length of the convex lens (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Question 2
PART B
You are provided with
- Voltmeter
- Ammeter
- Nichrome wire 10cm long gauge 32
- one cell and cellholder.
- A switch

Procedure:
Set up the apparatus as shown in figure 3 below
Nichrome wire

FIG 3

i) Complete the table below for the values of the current passing through the Nichrome wire and the
pd across it.. (3mks)
Current (A)

p.d volts (V)

V/
I

ii) What is the resistance of the nichrome wire____  (2mks)

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
AGRICULTURE
443/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

Instructions to candidate
(a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided at top of the page.
(b) Sign and write date of the examination.
(c) This paper consists of section A, B and C.
(d) Answer all the questions in the section A and B.
(e) Answer any two questions in section C.
(f) All answers should be written in the spaces provided on the question paper.

FOR EXAMINER`S USE ONLY

Section Question Maximum Score Candidates Score
A 1 – 17 30
B 18 - 21 20
C 20
20
TOTAL SCORE 90

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION A (30 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. Give two roles of agriculture in industrial development. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Differentiate between mixed cropping and intercropping. (1mk)

3. List four physical weathering agents in soil formation process. (2mks)

4. List four farming practices that destroy soil structure. (2mks)

5. Outline four effects of siltation in dams. (2mks)

6. (a) Give two main methods of classifying weeds (1mk)

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(b) State two disadvantages of controlling weeds by tillage method. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) State four factors that affect selectivity and effectiveness of herbicides. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Outline two methods used by farmers to harden-off seedlings in a nursery bed. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Give four disadvantages of minimum tillage. (2mks)

9. State four characteristics of tree recommended for agro-forestry. (2mks)

10. State three reasons for staking tomatoes in the field. (11/2mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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11. Give the use of each of the following financial document.
(i) An invoice (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) A local purchase order (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Give four disadvantages of using farm yard manure. (2mks)

13. Give four reasons why seed selection is important in crop production. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Outline four advantages of mixed stand pasture. (2mks)

15. (a) Give a reason why manure application is not recommended in carrot production.(1/2mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(b) Name two pests that affect cabbages. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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16. Give a reason why striga weed is referred to as a parasitic weed. (1/2mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. State three advantages of organic mulch in crop production (11/2mk)

SECTION B (20 MARK)

18. The illustration below indicate a type of soil and water conservation measure. Study it and answer
questions that follow.

(a) Identify the structure illustrated above. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) State two areas where the structure above discharge its water to (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) A part from the above name two other structural physical soil and water conservation measures.
(2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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19. Study the farm record illustrated below and answer questions that follow.
Name of Pay roll Days Days Rate of Total Signature of
person no. 1 2 3 4 5 worked pay (Ksh) pay (Ksh) workers
Mrs X 08 25 @ 100/= 2500/=

Mr Y 09 25 @ 100/= 2500/=

(a) Identify the type of record illustrated above. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) Give four pieces of information contained in invoice. (4mks)

20. Study the illustration of a field practice illustrated below and answer questions that follow.

(a) Identify the illustrations labeled Q and R above (2mks)

(i) Q
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) R
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) Give reason for carrying out the practice above. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) Name two methods of pruning coffee. (2mks)

21. A farmer was asked to apply fertilizers as follows 200kg/hac of DSP (40%P2O5, 150kg/hac of
Muriate of potash 60% K2O, 150kg/hac of sulphate of ammonia 20%N.
(a) How much P2O5 did the farmer apply per acre? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) How much K2O did the farmer apply per acre? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) How much Nitrogen (N) did the farmer apply per hectares? (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(i) Calculate the amount of filler material in the double superphosphate (DSP) used above. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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(ii) Differentiate between complete and incomplete compound fertilizer. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

22. (a) Describe the production of beans under the following sub-headings.
(i) Planting (3mks)
(ii) Field Management practices (4mks)
(b) (i) Describe the procedure of harvesting pyrethrum. (3mks)
(ii) Give one precaution observed when harvesting pyrethrum. (1mk)
(c) Give five importance of grafting oranges. (5mks)
(d) Explain five factors that determine the choice of type of irrigation method. (5mks)

23. (a) Explain five ways in which biotic factors influences crop production negativity. (5mks)
(b) Outline seven functions of a farm manger. (7mks)
(c) Explain eight cultural measures of controlling pests. (8mks)

24. (a) State and explain four factors that determine elasticity of demand. (8mks)
(b) State five advantages of timely planting. (5mks)
(c) Explain seven effects of fragmentation and sub-division of land in Agriculture. (7mks)

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
AGRICULTURE
443/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
 Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
 Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
 This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
 Answer all the questions in section A and B.
 Answer any two questions in section C.
 All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
 Candidates should answer all the questions in English.

For Examiner’s Use Only:

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE
A 1-19 30
B 20-23 20
C 20
20
TOTAL SCORE 90

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SECTION A (30 MARKS)
1. Give the appropriate term used to refer to each of the following.
𝟏
a) Young one of a rabbit. ( 𝒎𝒌)
𝟐

………………………………………………………………………………………………
𝟏
b) Mature female cattle. ( 𝒎𝒌)
𝟐

………………………………………………………………………………………………

𝟏
2. State three factors that determine the effectiveness of an acaricide. (𝟏 𝒎𝒌)
𝟐

3. Outline four factors considered when formulating a livestock ration. (2mks)

𝟏
4. List three methods used in selection of breeding stock in livestock production. (𝟏 𝒎𝒌)
𝟐

5. State how each of the following practices help to control livestock diseases.
𝟏
a) Quarantine ( 𝒎𝒌)
𝟐

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
𝟏
b) Prophylactic measures. ( 𝒎𝒌)
𝟐

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6. State four reasons for seasoning timber. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Give two processes carried out by a combine harvester when harvesting wheat. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. State two functions of lubrication system in a tractor. (1mk)

9. State four factors that stimulate milk let-down in a lactating cow. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Give two reasons for using litter in a poultry house. (1mk)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Give four conditions that reduce the quality of eggs for hatching. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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12. State four ways of restraining cattle during routine management. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Give the use of each of the following workshop tools.

𝟏
a) Cold chisel. ( 𝒎𝒌)
𝟐

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
𝟏
b) Rip saw. ( 𝒎𝒌)
𝟐

14. Give four reasons why colostrum is important in calf feeding. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. State four harmful effects of lice in pigs. (2mks)

16. Give four reasons for swarming of bees. (2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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17. State four factors that lead to an increase in the respiratory rate of livestock. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. Outline four signs of heat in rabbits. (2mks)

19. Name two nutritional diseases in cattle. (1mk)

SECTION B (20 MARKS)

20. The photograph below represents an external parasite of livestock. Study it carefully and answer
the questions that follow.

a) Identify the parasite. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) What is the economic importance of the parasite to a livestock farmer? (1mk)

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c) State three non-chemical methods of controlling the above parasite. (3mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21. The illustration below shows two different livestock families. Use it to answer the questions that
follow.

a) Identify the breeding system between

i) C and A (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) D and T (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………

b) State two advantages of the breeding system identified in a) ii) above (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) What name is given to offspring M. (1mk)

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22. Below is a diagram of sheep. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the management practice carried out in the part labelled B if the sheep is an ewe.
(1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Name one tool in each case that can be used to carry out operations on the parts labelled A and B.
(2mks)
A……………………………………………………………………………………………
B………………………………………………………………………………………….....

c) What is raddling as used in the management of sheep. (1mk)

23. The following illustration show the behavior of chicks at different temperatures in a brooder

C D E
a) Explain the temperature conditions in each of the four diagrams C, D, E (3mks)
C…………………………………………………………………………………………….
D……………………………………………………………………………………………
E……………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Draw a diagram to show the behavior of the chicks if the temperature in the brooder is the right
one. (1mk)

c) Explain why the brooder guard is rounded. (1mk)

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

24. a) Discuss foot and mouth disease under the following sub headings:
i) Causal organism (1mk)
ii) Livestock species attacked (2mks)
iii) Symptoms of attack. (4mks)
iv) Control measures. (3mks)
b) Explain five factors that affect digestibility of food in livestock. (5mks)
c) State five advantages of a four stroke cycle engine. (5mks)

25. a) Explain the procedure of establishing a fish pond. (5mks)

b) Outline five differences between exotic cattle breeds and indigenous cattle breeds. (5mks)
c) State the features of an ideal calf pen. (5mks)
d) Outline five symptoms of round worm infestation in cattle. (5mks)

26. a) Describe the preparation and management of a brooder before and after the arrival of day old
chicks. (5mks)
b) Describe the uses of various equipment that are used in honey harvesting. (5mks)
c) Give five advantages of farm mechanization. (5mks)
d) Outline five factors considered when selecting construction materials. (5mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
BUSINESS STUDIES
565/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

Instructions to Candidates
1. Write your name, admission number, class and school in the spaces given above.
2. Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above
3. Answer all the questions.
4. All answers should be written in the space provided below each question.
5. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the questions are printed.
6. All questions should be answered in English.
For official use only.
Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Marks

Question 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Marks

TOTAL

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1. Classify the following resources as renewable or non-renewable resources. (4 Marks)
a) Hydro-electric power ________________________________
b) Building stones ________________________________
c) Gasohol ________________________________
d) Soda ash _________________________________
2. Highlight four ways in which the economic environment may positively influence the operations
of a business (4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The following items relates to Subukia Traders as at 30 th March 2023.
Ksh.
Buildings 250,000
Creditors 30,000
Five year loan 180,000
Stock 100,000
Cash in hand 60,000
Cash at bank 45,000
Debtors 15,000
Bank overdraft 24,000
Determine Subukia Traders capital as at 30th March, 2023. (4 Marks)

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4. Outline four circumstances under which air transport may be used by a trader. (4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Identify the book of original entry related to the following source documents. (4 Marks)
Source Document Book of original entry
(a) Invoice issued
(b) Credit note received
(c) Receipt issued
(d) Invoice received

6. Outline four roles played by intermediaries in the chain of distribution. (4 Marks)

7. The Kenyan government has increased taxes on various products. Outline four reasons for this
trend. (4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. Outline four features of property insurance. (4 Marks)

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9. State four functions of the entrepreneur in production of goods and services. (4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Give a brief description of the following trends in forms of business units. (4 Marks)
a) Franchising
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Amalgamation
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Check-off system
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Privatization
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Highlight four circumstances under which a Chief Executive Officer may decide to use to letters
in communicating to his staff. (4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Outline four effects of an increase in demand for a commodity when supply remains constant.
(4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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13. Highlight four limitations of using per capita income to compare standards of living between
Kenya and China. (4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. State the effect of the following transactions on the balance sheet totals. (4 Marks)
Business transaction Effect on balance sheet total
a) The sole proprietor brought additional capital to the
business.
b) Sold goods by cash.

c) Paid outstanding loan by cheque

d) Disposed an outdated computer at a loss

15. The following balances relates to the retail business of Naisula for the month of April 2021
Sales 120,000
Expenses 20% of sales
Cost of goods sold 80,000
Calculate:
(i) Mark up. (1 Mark)

(ii) Margin. (1 Mark)

(iii)Total expenses. (1 Mark)

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(iv)Net profit. (1 Mark)

16. The inflation levels vary from one country to another. State any four levels that can be
experienced in different economies of the world. (4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. List four forms of open trade credit. (4 Marks)

18. State four reasons why many organizations prefer an open office plan for employees (4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Highlight four duties performed by commercial attaches in trade promotion (4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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20. State four benefits of bonded warehouses to the government (4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

21. Outline four measures that the government of Kenya can implement so as to encourage the
establishment of firms in different counties across the country. (4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. Study the following diagram.

Output/
capita

A B

Optimum Population Population

Mention four challenges facing a country whose population is in the part marked B (4 Marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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23. Give the name of the type of ledger where the accounts given below are kept (4 marks)
Account Type of Ledger
a) Purchases
b) Gilanis (Supplier)
c) Salaries & Wages
d) Drawings

24. State four factors that influences the amount of money one can hold for transaction motive
(4 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. Describe the following documents as used in International trade (4 marks)

a) Import license
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Certificate of origin
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Bill of lading
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d) Letter of credit
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
BUSINESS STUDIES
565/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
 This paper consists of six questions.
 Answer any FIVE questions
 All questions carry equal marks.

For official use only

Question Candidates score

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
1. (a)Explain five importance of a business plan to an entrepreneur. (10 marks)
(b)Explain five factors that may hinder development of a country. (10 marks)

2. (a)Explain five functions of commercial banks in an economy. (10 marks)

(b)Outline the differences between co-operatives and partnership. (10 marks)

3. (a)Explain five reasons for government involvement in business. (10 marks)

(b) On 1st September 2020, Kiptala Traders had cash in hand of Shs.100,000 and a bank overdraft of
Shs.15,000. The following transactions took place during the month.
Sept. 2: Bought goods in cash Shs.15,000.
Sept. 5: Received the following cheques from debtors after allowing
a 2% discount in each case: Larry Kshs.9800 and Moryn
Shs.14,700.
Sept. 7: Paid the following accounts by cash in each case deducting a 5% cash discount: Silas
Shs.30,000 and Brayo Kshs.12,000.
Sept. 9: Sold goods on credit to Kimutai Sh. 12,000
Sept. 12: Kipsang settled his account of Kshs.20,000 in cash after deducting 2% cash discount.
Sept. 13:The cheque received from Larry was dishonoured
Sept. 14:Made net sales Shs.25,000 where cash Sh. 15,000 was received And the balance to be paid
later
Sept. 15: Received a cheque from Abdul Shs.29,100 after allowing him a 3% cash discount.
Sept.16: Deposited all cash into the bank account except Shs.16,700.
Required:
Prepare a three column cashbook and balance it off. (10 marks)

4(a)Explain five types large scale retailer. ` (10 marks)

(b) Kenya’s trade with Singapore indicates a Balance of payment deficit against Kenya. Explain five
measures that Kenya can take to correct such balance of payment disequilibrium (10 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
5.(a) Rashid Holdings, a Steel selling business intends to promote her products around the country.
Explain four factors that it must consider when choosing an appropriate method of product
promotion. (8 marks)
(b) The following trial balance relates to progressive traders as at 31st Dec 2022
PROGRESSIVE TRADERS
TRIAL BALANCE
AS AT 31ST DEC 2022
Particulars Dr Cr
Purchases/sales 349,000 582,000
Debtors/Creditors 51,000 62,000
Motor vehicle 600,000
Drawings 30,000
Returns 22,000 19,000
Carriage in 10,000
NCBA loan 170,000
Furniture and fittings 45,000
Discounts 25,000 36,000
Stock (1/1/2022) 40,000
Carriage outwards 7,000
Rent 24,000
Advertising 13,000
Land and Buildings 500,000
Access Bank loan 210,000
Interest on loans 48,000
Cash at bank 150,000
Cash in hand 28,000
Capital 815,000

Totals 1,918,000 1,918,000

Additional information.
Stock as at 31st December 2022 was valued at Kshs.30,000
Required.
i. Prepare a trading, profit and loss account for the year ended 31st December 2022. (7 Marks)
ii. Develop a balance sheet for Progressive traders as at 31st December 2022. (5 Marks)

6.(a) Explain five factors influencing the type of goods and services to be produced. (10 marks)
(b)Outline five features of monopolistic competition market structure. (10 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
ENGLISH
101/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
(Functional Writing, Cloze Test and Oral Skills)

NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
 Write your name, admission number and class in the spaces provided.
 Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided.
 Answer all questions in the spaces provided
 All your answers must be written in the spaces provided in this question paper.
 Candidates must answer all questions in English

Question Maximum Student’s Examiner’s

Score Score Initials
1 20
2 10
3 30

TOTAL 60

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
FUNCTIONAL WRITING (20MARKS)
1. Imagine that you are the council member in charge of health and sanitation in your school. A
number of students in the school have complained of severe stomachaches. The Principal has
appointed you the chair to a committee of 4 members that is meant to investigate the likely
causes of the stomachaches and come up with recommendations to curb the problem. Your
investigation should focus on the kitchen, water and general cleanliness around the school.
You are expected to submit the report in a week’s time. Write the report you will submit to the
principal. (20 marks)
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2. CLOZE TEST (10 MARKS)
Read the passage below and fill in each blank with an appropriate word.
Intense rainfall has affected various regions (i) ... ……………………… Kenya, including the
Coastal area, Central areas including Nairobi, the Western Highlands, Rift Valley, Lake
Victoria Basin, South-eastern lowlands and North-eastern regions.
Since the (ii).................................. of the March-April-May (MAM) rains, multiple counties
have felt its (iii)..............................., resulting in households being affected, displacements,
establishment of displacement (iv)................................, submerged arable land, impacted
businesses and livestock deaths.
The Kenya Red Cross Society has proactively prepared for (v)......................................
challenges by ensuring (vi).................................. emergency responses, conducting search and
(vii)...…………………….... missions, prepositioning shelter kits and distributing essential
(viii)...................................
The Kenya Red Cross has also actively ……………………………..(ix) in risk efforts to raise
public (x).............................. and promote preparedness.

3. ORAL SKILLS (30 MARKS)

(a) Read the poem below and answer the question that follow:
If we must die [Claude Mackay]
If we must die_ let it not be like hogs;
Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot,
While round us bark the mad and hungry dogs,
Making their mock at out accursed lot.
If we must die_ oh let us nobly die,
So that our precious blood may not be shed
In vain. Then even the monster we defy
Shall be constrained to honour us though dead!
Oh, kinsmen! We must meet our common foe;
Though far outnumbered, let us show us brave.
And for their thousand blows deal one deathblow!
What though before us lies the open grave?
Like men we’ll face the murderous, cowardly pack
Pressed to the wall, dying, but fighting back!
QUESTIONS
i. Describe the rhyme scheme of the poem above. (2marks)
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ii. How would you say line 14 of this poem? (2marks)

iii. Apart from rhyme Identify any other sound devices used in the poem above. (2marks)
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(b) Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
i. Identify the genre above. (1mark)
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ii. Who are the appropriate audience for the above piece? And why. (1mark)
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iii. What are the functions of the above genre? (1mark)

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(c)Place stress in the following words (3marks)
i. Mis.use
ii. Me.ssage
iii. a.larm
(d) Kimkum was to attend a graduation ceremony for his daughter in Mombasa. Being his first
time in the city he asked Joel his son-in-law to give him directions to the graduation
venue .But it turned out that Kimkum did not reach his destination which important details did
Joel fail to include when giving directions. (4marks)
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(e)Two of your classmates have disagreed over a certain issue leading into a conflict. As the
student in charge of the class, you decide to arbitrate, which three negotiation skills will you
use to ensure that an agreement is arrived at. (3marks)
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(f) Pick the old one out according to the pronunciation of the vowel sounds in the words below.
(3marks)
i. Cat , about ,mat , apple…………………………………………………………….
ii. Cup ,up ,busy , money……………………………………………………………..
iii. Bed ,said ,dead ,because…………………………………………………………

(g) Write another word pronounced the same way as the following. (3marks)
i. Curb…………………………………………………
ii. Symbol……………………………………………….
iii. Idle……………………………………………………
(h) Read the conversation below and then answer the questions that follow.
Otieno : Hello. Is that Mamba School?
Secretary 1: Yes, what is your name?
Otieno : Otieno Juma.
Secretary 2: What do you want?
Otieno : May I speak to the head teacher?
Secretary 3: She went to the market what do you want to tell her?
Otieno : Sorry, it is confidential, may I speak to the deputy?
Secretary 4: She is attending a pre-wedding meeting, in fact she is never in school.
Otieno : Oh! I shall call later.
Secretary 5: Okay
Otieno : Thank you. bye
The secretary lacks telephone conversation etiquette, write the corrections on how she would
have responded below. (5marks)
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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
ENGLISH
101/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
(Comprehension, Literary Appreciation and Grammar)

NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO…………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
 Write your name, admission number and class in the spaces provided.
 Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided.
 Answer all questions in the spaces provided in blue ink.
 All your answers must be written in the spaces provided in this question paper.
 Candidates must answer all questions in English

Question Maximum Student’s Examiner’s

Score Score Initials
1 20
2 25
3 20
4 15

TOTAL 80
1. COMPREHENSION
Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. (20 marks)
Somalia's climate crisis and security nexus is a complex issue exacerbated by environmental
challenges, social upheaval and resultant security threats.
Somalia is highly vulnerable to climate-related disasters such as droughts and floods, which often
occur in a cyclical pattern. For instance, prolonged droughts parch the land, making it prone to
flash floods when the rains finally come. This leads to widespread devastation and permanent
displacement of agro-pastoral communities in the affected areas.

The communities in this quandary are vital to food production in Somalia. The agro-pastoralist
hamlets and villages along and between the Jubba and Shabelle rivers, which produce most of
the food crops consumed in Somalia and sometimes exported, encounter an arduous task in
managing the impacts of the climate crisis. Extended periods without rain or destructive floods
compel them to abandon their herds and farms and seek shelter in nearby urban areas. This influx
then pressures larger towns and, if not intervened, strains the capital city, Mogadishu.

In the rare intervals when rainfall becomes stable, rainy seasons are back on schedule, and flood
risks are reduced, repatriating internally displaced persons from Mogadishu to their original
villages is nearly impossible. This results in the permanent loss of food production for the
country and, with it, the communities' traditional way of life.

Despite Somalia's minimal contribution to greenhouse gas emissions the country faces
disproportionate impacts from the climate crisis, resulting in frequent humanitarian crises and
revolving threats to its stability and security.

Additionally, the climate crisis in Somalia has indirect regional and international security
implications, notably in the context of recruitment by armed groups such as Al Shabaab. High
unemployment and school dropout rates resulting from the climate crisis provide fertile ground
for recruitment by armed groups and criminals seeking to exploit disenfranchised Somali youth.
Al Shabaab, in particular, benefits from the pool of jobless and vulnerable young people,
leveraging their frustrations, to perpetuate its agenda of extremism and violence.

The climate crisis-induced erratic movements of pastoralist communities in Somalia, Kenya,

Ethiopia and Djibouti pose a regional security challenge as they have the potential to wreak
havoc on the largely unmanned porous borders between these countries.

This movement of people and animals can overwhelm the already meagerly-resourced border
police, local administrations and customs officials, creating vulnerabilities that can be exploited
by criminal elements and armed groups, further destabilizing the already unstable region.

On the international scale, the sudden disruptions and severe loss of lives and livelihoods resulting
from the climate crisis in Somalia and the Somali-inhabited neghbouring regions in Djibouti,
Ethiopia and Kenya have the potential to instigate large-scale migrations of populations,
particularly the youth, who seek refuge in other countries. This includes dangerous journeys on
foot and by boat, with near-suicidal will to reach Europe, the Americas, and, to a lesser extent,
the Middle East.

Addressing the complex climate-insecurity nexus in Somalia and its immediate neighbourhood
necessitates a comprehensive strategy that considers the interconnectedness of environmental
issues, societal vulnerabilities and large-scale security threats.
Commitments and assurances made regarding compensating for the loss and damage suffered by
nations impacted by global warming at the most recent handful of Conference of Parties(COPs)
notwithstanding, there appears to be little substantial change in the crisis landscape, particularly
in Somalia, where the impact is most severe.
Instead of serving as a means to achieve a goal, the COPs seem to have morphed into an end in
themselves. It has become a continuous cycle of one COP leading to another, with no concrete
solutions.

To effectively address this crisis, it is essential to convert the declarations and pledges into dollars
and projects. In addition, the cumbersome bureaucracy and barriers to accessing global funding
for climate crisis mitigation and adaptation must be greatly reduced, if not eliminated entirely.
In this light, policy practitioners in Somalia and relevant international institutions must work
together to conceive and implement well-informed initiatives that aim to lessen the negative
impacts of climate change, promote tailored sustainable economic opportunities, and strengthen
community resilience.

Furthermore, prioritizing investments in education, employment generation, and conflict resolution

mechanisms can play a vital role in tackling the root causes that facilitate the manipulation of
marginalised populations by terrorists, pirates and other criminal outfits. Only by developing
and implementing a realistic and comprehensive strategy that integrates efforts in environmental
preservation, social advancement and crisis identification and management can those who hold
the hilt and purse strings bring about sustainable solutions that protect the welfare and safety of
not only the Somali population, but also that of the broader region and the global community.
Forewarned is forearmed. Adapted from the S/N of May 19th, 2024
QUESTIONS
(a)What according to the passage has compounded the climate and security problem in Somalia?
(1 mark)
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(b) Explain the irony captured in paragraph twelve? (2 marks)

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(c) In not more than 30 words, summarize the main challenges posed by the climate crisis in
Somalia. (4 marks)
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(d) Apart from the solutions the writer of the article gives to combat the environmental crisis in
Somalia, explain one intervention strategy you think can work for Somalia's climate crisis?
(1 marks)
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(e) Explain the overall tone of this passage. (2 marks)

(f) It has become a continuous cycle of one COP leading to another, with no concrete solutions.
Begin the sentence with: With… (1 mark)
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(g) How do criminal gangs such as Al Shabaab capitalize on the climate crisis in Somalia?
(2 marks)
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(h) Which comprehensive statergy is needed to deal with the complex climate insecurity
connection involving Somalia and its neighbours? (3 marks)
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(i) Explain what this idiom means: “to be forewarned is forearmed” (1 mark)
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(j) Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions as used in the passage. (3 marks)
(i) Porous borders ..……………………………………………………………………
(ii) Mitigation ………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) Broader ……………………………………………………………………….…….

2. EXCERPT (25 MARKS)

2. Read the following excerpt and then answer the questions that follow (25 mks)
Bembe: (Interrupting Nicole) The matter of The Samaritan is weighty. It can destroy lives.it
is threatening the lives of many powerful people. They are fighting back and they will
destroy your life. I am giving you a chance to secure your life. I am an officer whose duty
is to protect lives. Just do what the Mayor told you. You should never fight a losing battle.
Nicole: (Firmly) I have made a choice to do what is right. That is not negotiable. And besides,
I
have no control over the App. The National Information and Communications Technology
Corporation is now in charge of that App.
Bembe: (Interrupting Nicole)I understand that to mean you are ready for a fight. And to get
us
started, are you aware that the signal of your phone was at one time located at the scene
of murder?
Nicole: (In horror and rising to her feet) That`s preposterous! (Moves towards the door) I
need
to see the Principal now!
Bembe: (Blocking the way) And what about last night?
Nicole: What?
Bembe: The school generator.
Nicole: School generator? What about it?
Bembe: Who sold it?
Nicole: That is ridiculous!
Bembe: I thought so, too.
Nicole: (Trying to find a way past Inspector Bembe) I have nothing to do with the school
generator!
Bembe: (Blocking her every move) The generator has been stolen, and you and I know who
stole it!
Nicole: Listen, Mr. Officer, do not try to fabricate anything against me. It will get you
nowhere.
And if you insist, this will become the darkest day in your career!
Bembe: What? Are you threatening a police officer?
Nicole: (With a sharp and firm voice) You must not break the law by accusing me of crimes I
have not committed!
Bembe: You`re just confirming some of the other accusations that have been made against
you.
Nicole: Which allegations?
Bembe: You have a reputation for being too strong-willed to be suitable for a school teacher.
You`re as stubborn as a mule.
Nicole: What crime is that?
Bembe: Well, it is not a crime as such; but don`t you think it is a bad influence to the students?
(Bangs the table violently and shouts an order. Two police officers enter.) Handcuff her!
(There is a commotion as the officers reach out to Nicole. She resists but is overpowered.
There is an interval of silence as Bembe begins to rummage through papers on Nicole`s
table. Nicole refuses to move and sits down on the floor. The officers drag her on the floor)
Stop. (The officers stop. There is silence Then Bembe moves behind Nicole`s table and
starts pulling the drawers open, one after the other, removing and throwing papers all over
the floor.) Where have you hidden it?
Nicole: Hidden What?
Bembe: The Samaritan! (Nicole is visibly surprised at the answer but remains silent.) I will
tell
you this, whenever you see me personally involved in an arrest, you must know it`s a serious
matter, as serious as death. And you should be afraid. Very afraid!
Nicole: I am not guilty of anything, and I refuse to be intimidated!
Bembe: (Inspector Bembe bangs the table violently with his gun. Nicole recoils with a start.)
Woman! Show some seriousness! This is no laughing matter. Are you willing to talk?
Nicole: About what? (There is silence as Inspector Bembe wears his beret and places his
scepter under his armpit.)
a) Briefly explain what Nicole was told to do by the Mayor. (3marks)
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b) Summarize the circumstances that makes Bembe interrupt Nicole at the beginning of the
excerpt (3marks)
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c) Describe the following characters as seen in the excerpt (4marks)

i) Bembe
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ii) Nicole
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d) Describe the mood portrayed in the excerpt. (3 marks)

e) From your knowledge of the text, explain how the Samaritan works (3 marks)
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f) Identify and state the effectiveness of two styles used in the excerpt. (4 marks)
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g) Identify and illustrate one theme from the excerpt. (2 marks)

h) You cannot fabricate crimes against me! (Begin: Crimes …) (1 mark)

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i) Explain the meaning as used in the excerpt. (2 marks)

i) a losing battle
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ii) prepositions
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3. POETRY (20 MARKS)

PASSED LOST PAST
Wistful of how simple life was then,
I took a trip down memory lane;
A long trip to my emerald childhood
And thought fondly and dearly of a passed lost past
And longed for the long stretches of lush green.
Longed for the pleasant site in a meadow;
Complete with sparkling stream
Where I gulped times of yore.
And took my first dip.

I yearned for the good old

For the return of an irrecoverable past
For the experience of what once was
When green jungle roared with life
But there are no roars here anymore.
Only chainsaws grumbling incessantly
Over our plaid flannel shirts and steel-toe boots
Wild jungle meets wild man;
and someone must give way.
I yearned for the good old
When birds built cheery nests and chirped long and hard
Atop my grandmother’s misty hut
But there are no cheery nests there anymore
Something seems to have given way
And another seems to be at risk of being forgotten
Yet many others we have bulldozed into oblivion

Now wooded areas are intermittent

Winters much warmer
And somehow, the place is ominously different.
Even flowers don’t smell like they used to
And giant concrete is taking over;
a bite every day,
One great oak after another.
Thunderclouds creepily loom overhead
like pitiless vultures
Waiting to zoom in and unflesh

I so badly want things to be

As they had always been;
Before we ever set foot here
Before this god forsaken expedition:
Cleaner, greener, fresher, tastier.
Yet, in this jungle man eats man
And there is no resurrection of the grand old
The delightful ambiance of olden place of plenty long gone
Questions
a) Who is the persona in the poem above? (2marks)
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b) What is the subject matter of the poem? (4marks)

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c) Comment on use of imagery in the poem. (6marks)
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d) Why do you think the persona says wooded areas are intermittent? (1mark)
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e) Describe the mood of the poem. (3marks)

f) Comment on the suitability of the title. (2marks)

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g) Give the meaning of the following lines as used in the poem: (2marks)
i) Where I gulped times of yore
and took my first dip
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4. GRAMMAR (15 MARKS)
(a) Rewrite the following questions as instructed. (4 marks)
i) It is healthy to run in the morning. (Rewrite using a gerund)
………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Mwadime sat in class for four hours. He finished his reading The Samaritan. (Combine using
the present participle.)
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iii) She argued the case so convincingly that the jury gave her consent.
(Begin with: So...)
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iv) She arranged her rings, necklaces, and bracelets in the closet.
(Replace the underlined words with one word)
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b) Complete the following sentences with a phrasal verb that starts with the word in brackets.
(3 marks)
i. When he................................ , he was in a hospital. (come)
ii. You need to ................................... with your classmates. (get)
iii. The candidates need to ...............................................their notes before they sit for any
examination. (run)
c) Fill in each blank space with the most appropriate pronoun from the words in brackets(3 m
a) Between you and .................. (me/i) who is taller?
b) Tyra and… ............................. (she/her) left for Mombasa.
c) The teacher asked Austin and ....................... (I/me) to carry the books.
d) Fill in the blank spaces with the correct preposition (3 marks)
(i) We danced ...................... rhythm of their drums
(ii) I have placed the table .......................... the shade of that tree
(iii)............................................................ The thief dashed the house when he saw the
police officers.
e) Explain the two meanings in the following sentence. (2marks)
John and Alice looked at the restaurant with a menu.
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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
ENGLISH
101/3
PAPER 3
TIME: 2½ HOURS
(Creative Composition and Essays Based on Set Texts)

NAME…………………………………………………………………………………

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………

INDEX NO…………………………………………….ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

Instructions to candidates
a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provide above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
c) Answer three questions only.
d) Each of your essays must not exceed 450 words.
e) All answers should be written in the answer booklet provided.
f) Candidates must answer the questions in English.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Question MaximumScore Candidate’s Score
1 20
2 20
3 20

Total Score
1. IMAGINATIVE COMPOSITION (20 marks)
Either
(a) Write a composition beginning:
As the man approached, I knew I had seen him somewhere…
Or
(b) Write a composition on the following topic:
Ways of eliminating drug abuse among the youth.

2. FATHERS OF NATIONS By PAUL B. VITTA (20 marks)

Individuals’ tribulations in a country are usually caused by inept leadership. With clear illustrations
from Paul B. Vitta’s Fathers of Nations, write a composition to validate this statement.

3. The Optional Set Text (20 marks)

Answer any one of the following three questions.

Either
a) A SILENT SONG AND OTHER STORIES Edited by Godwin Shiundu
Urban people face various challenges. Prove how true this statement is basing your illustrations on
Meja Mwangi’s Incident in the Park.

Or
b) AN ARTIST OF THE FLOATING WORLD By Kazuo Ishinguro
Write an essay on the negative effects of war as portrayed in the novel.

Or
c) PARLIAMENT OF OWLS By Adipo Sidang
Write an essay on oppression as brought out in Parliament of Owls.

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
102/1

KISWAHILI
KARATASI YA 1-INSHA
MUDA: SAA 1¾

JINA…………………………………………………………………………………………

SHULE……………………………………………… SAHIHI……………………….

NAMBARI YA USAJILI……………………………… MKONDO……………………..

Cheti cha Kuhitimu Kisomo cha Sekondari (KCSE)

MAAGIZO
a) Andika jina lako na nambari ya usajili kwenye nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo juu.
b) Tia sahihi yako kisha uandike tarehe ya mtihani katika nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo juu.
c) Andika insha mbili. Insha ya kwanza ni ya lazima.
d) Kisha chagua insha nyingine moja kati ya hizo tatu zilizobakia.
e) Kila insha isipungue maneno 400.
f) Kila insha ina alama 20.
g) Kila insha lazima iandikwe kwa lugha ya Kiswahili.

Kwa matumizi ya mtahini pekee

Swali Upeo Alama
1 20
2 20
3 20
4 20
Jumla 40

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1.Lazima
Wewe ni katibu wa Shirika la Umoja wa Vijana Kudumisha Mazingira. Mmekuwa na kikao kujadili
hatua ambazo zimechukuliwa kuhifadhi mazingira nchini. Andika kumbukumbu za mkutano
huo.

2.Mitandao ya kijamii ina faida nyingi. Jadili

3.Tunga kisa kitakachodhihirisha maana ya methali ifuatayo:

“Mkono mmoja hauchinji ng’ombe.

4. Andika insha itakayoanza kwa :

Nilipomtazama tu, alishusha uso wake kutokana na maovu aliyonitendea…

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
102/2

KISWAHILI
KARATASI YA 2-LUGHA
MUDA: SAA 2½

JINA…………………………………………………………………………………………

SHULE……………………………………………… SAHIHI……………………….

NAMBARI YA USAJILI……………………………… MKONDO……………………..

Cheti cha Kuhitimu Kisomo cha Sekondari (KCSE)

MAAGIZO
(a) Andika jina lako na nambari yako ya usajili shuleni katika nafasi ulizoachiwa hapo juu.
(b) Jibu maswali yote.
(c) Majibu yote yaandikwe kwenye nafasi ulizoachiwa katika kijitabu hiki cha maswali.
(d) Majibu yote ni lazima yaandikwe kwa lugha ya Kiswahili.
(e) Usitoe ukurasa wowote kutoka kwenye kijitabu hiki.

KWA MATUMIZI YA MTAHINI PEKEE

SWALI UPEO ALAMA
1. UFAHAMU 15
2. MUHTASARI 15
3. SARUFI 40
4. ISIMUJAMII 10
JUMLA 80

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1. UFAHAMU ( Alama 15)
Soma kifungu hiki kisha uyajibu maswali yanayofuata.
Muhula wa kwanza ulipoanza, kama ilivyokuwa desturi katika shule ya Askofu Timotheo, wanafunzi
walichunguzwa hali na Sista. Sista akaandika nakala ya matokea ya uchunguzi wake na
kumkabidhi mwalimu mkuu wa shule Bi. Margaret. Mwalimu Mkuu naye akafanya lililomjuzu.
Akaandikia waraka wazazi wa wasichana walikuwa katika nakala ya matokeo ya Sista.

Jumatatu ya juma la tatu la muhula ilianza kama siku nyinginezo. Wanafunzi walijumuika gwarideni.
Maombi ya asubuhi yalifanywa. Mwalimu wa zamu akawakumbusha wanafunzi majukumu Yao
na bendera ikapandishwa. Zamu ya mkuu wa shule ilitimia. Aliwakumbusha wanafunzi umuhimu
wa kuwajibikia vitendo vyao. Baada ya hilo,aliita majina ya wanafunzi watatu na akatangaza
kwamba baada ya kufumukana wafike ofisini mwake. Vicheko vya chini vilianguliwa. Sababu ya
kuitwa kwao wanafunzi wale ilikuwa dhahiri.

Sela na wenzake wawili walipofika ofisini walielekezwa wasubiri katika chumba cha mapokezi.
Ingawa walifahamu sababu ya kuitwa pale,mpango uliokuwepo ulikuwa usiku wa giza. Hakuna
aliyezungumza na mwenziwe kutokana na muemeo wa mawazo mzo. Wote waliinamisha nyuso
zao.
Baada ya nusu saa hivi, ofisini mliingia wazazi wawili; wa kike na kiume. Walikuwa wazazi wa Sela;
Mzee Butali na mkewe. Wao walionekana kuemewa na fikra. Kutokana na urasimu wa muktadha
ule,hapakuwa na mazungumzo baada ya salamu. Mara kwa mara,Mzee Butali alimtupia bintiye
jicho la uhasama kabla ya mhazili kumfahamisha mwalimu mkuu kuhusu mjo wa wazazi wale.

Ofisini,Bi. Margaret alitia udibaji, " Asanteni kwa kuja. Sisi kama wazazi na walimu hukabiliana na
mengi. Tukio lililowaleta hapa ni la kawaida kwetu. Ingawa sisi hufanya tuwezayo kuwalinda
wanetu,mara nyingi tabia zao hutupiga chenga..."
Wakati huu wote wazazi wa Sela walikuwa wamenyamaza. Mama yake Sela alikuwa akimtazama
Bi. Margaret huku Mzee Butali akiwa ameinama. Bi. Margaret alipokamilisha usemi wake,Mzee
Butali aliinua uso wake na kumtazama mwalimu mkuu.
"Mwalimu,nina swali moja ambalo ningetaka unijibu. Je,kwa nini sisi huwaletea watoto shuleni? "
Mzee Butali aliuliza kwa sauti iliyojaa uchungu.

Baada ya mazungumzo kati ya mwalimu mkuu na wazazi wa Sela, uamuzi ulitolewa. Sela na wenzake
wawili hawangeweza kusoma pamoja na wengine baada ya hali zao kubainika. Bi. Margaret
alipendekeza watafutiwe shule za kutwa karibu na watokako ili waendelee kusoma huku wazazi
wakiwatunza. Alikuwa amewaandikia barua za mapendekezo ili wapokelewe katika shule ambazo
wangechagua. Sela aliondoka shuleni na wazazi wake.
Boma la Mzee Butali liligeuka jahanamu baada ya kutoka shuleni. Mzee Butali aliwazulia majojo
Sela na mama yake. Majirani nao walishuhudia bughudha hizo kwa mbali.
Mzee Butali alichanganyikiwa asijue la kufanya. Hakuwahi kufikiria kama ile ingetokea nyumbani
kwake.
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"Leo ndio mtanitambua. Mama gani anayemtazama mwana akigeuka afriti? Sikutumia pesa zangu
mimi katika elimu yake hadi nikaitwa pangu pakavu? Mtwae kilicho chenu kisha mniondokee!"
Mzee Butali aliwafokea Sela na mama yake.

"Baba Sela ,ni nani kasema huu msimba ni wangu? Tutautwaa pamoja. Huyu ni mtoto wetu,sio
maradhi. Tutaondoka ndio;lakini elewa uchungu wa mwana ajuaye mzazi. " Mama yake Sela
alitoa kauli yake.

Vilio vya Sela na mama yake havikusaidia kitu. Bembeleza za wanakijiji nazo hazikufaa kitu. Mzee
Butali hakuelekea kulegeza msimamo wake. Ilibidi Sela na mama yake watorokee kwa jamaa yao
aliyeishi karibu. Hapo ndipo walikaa kwa muda wa majuma matatu kabla ya Mzee Butali kubadili
nia.
Kutokana na ushawishi wa wazee wa kijiji,Mzee Butali alielewa kuwa maji yakimwagika hayazoleki.
Huruma zilimwingia na hasira zikapungua. Aliwarudisha jamaa zake nyumbani kwa majuto
makuu. Wazee wawa hawa ndio waliomsihi Mzee Butali afanye alivyoelekezwa na mwalimu
mkuu wa shule aliyotoka Sela.

SHULE ilipopatikana,Sela alihudhuria masomo hadi pale ilishindikana;siku zake za kujifungua

zilipokaribia. Alijifungua kitoto cha kike. Nyanya ya mtoto akaelekeza kitoto hicho kiitwe
Kadogo.
Sela alikaa nyumnani kwa muda wa miezi mitatu akikitunza kitoto chake. Katika ufukara wa pale
nyumbani,mama yake Sela hangeweza kukinunulia kitoto viguo. Ilibidi matambara yatumiwe
kukivisha kitoto.

MASWALI
a) " Aliwakumbusha wanafunzi umuhimu wa kuwajibikia vitendo vyao" Thibitisha kauli hii.
(Alama 1)
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b) Ingawa sisi hufanya tuwezayo kuwalinda wanetu, mara nyingi tabia zao hutupiga chenga. Eleza
jinsi ambavyo walipigwa chenga. (Alama 1)
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c) Kwa mujibu wa kifungu hiki,eleza madhara ya ujauzito wa mapema shuleni. (Alama 4)
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d) Ni mambo gani yalimfanya Mzee Butali kubadili nia yake ? (Alama 2)

e) Eleza jinsi taasubi ya kiume inayojitokeza katika kifungu hiki. (Alama 2)

f) " Uchungu wa ajuaye mzazi". Eleza jinsi ukweli wa methali hii ilivyotimia hatimaye. (Alama 2)
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g) Eleza maana ya maneno yafuatayo kama yalivyotumika katika kifungu hiki. (Alama 3)
i) lililomjuzu..............................................................................................................
ii) mojojo...................................................................................................................
iii) pangupakavu...........................................................................................................

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UFUPISHO: (ALAMA 15)
Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali.
Usafiri katika nchi nyingi za kiafrika ni tatizo sugu. Baadhi ya watu hutembea kwa muda mrefu kwa
miguu kwa kuukosa usafiri wa haraka. Wengine hupanda hata ngamia ili wapige hatua. Pia punda
hutumiwa kusafirisha mizigo. Kwa wale waliodiriki kujinunulia magari, muda haupiti kabla ya
ukarabati kuhitajika. Mamilioni ya magari ya aina hiyo huwa tu ni ya kubebewa nyundo na
parafojo kila wakati. Hali hii imezidishwa na barabara ambazo hazijatiwa lami au hata zikiwa
zimetiwa, hupachikwa kiholela tu. Mashimo barabarani yanaharibu magurudumu na hata magari
yenyewe. Isitoshe, ukata katika jamii unachangia uhaba wa magari mazuri na hata ubovu wa hayo
machache. Hii ni kwa sababu watu hawana ngwenje za kununulia vipuri vifaavyo au kujinunulia
magari mapya.

Wengine hujikidhia mahitaji yao ya usafiri kwa kutumia baiskeli. Hizi zina nafuu kifedha kuliko
magari, lakini haziwezi kubeba mizigo mingi na mizito.

Wachache sana hutumia eropleni na meli ambapo wengi huweza kuyatumia magari moshi. Magari
moshi hubeba watu na vitu kwa wingi. Gharama za ukarabati wa reli, mabehewa ya magari hayo
na injini zao, zimesababisha ongezeko kubwa la nauli katika miaka ya hivi karibu. Watu wengi
wanashindwa kuulipia usafiri huu. Baadhi yao huyadandiadandia magari hayo hadi paani mwa
mabehewa na mabogi ili tu wakwepe kulipa nauli. Mtindo huu hautatizi tu shirika la reli bali huzua
hatari kwa wasafiri. Baadhi ya wadandiaji huporomoka na kujivunjia viungo, jambo ambalo
huongeza idadi ya walemavu bure bilashi.

Matatu na mabasi ni aina ya uchukuzi ambao ni maarufu nchini Kenya. Uchukuzi huu umekuwa
ukiwafaa watu wengi sana kwa miaka na Dahari, hasa wale wa kima cha chini na wastani. Jambo
linalowaudhi abiria zaidi ni ukosefu wa kudhibiti mambo mengi yanayohusiana na hiyo ya usafiri.
Mathalani, kudhibiti mwendo wa magari hayo, tabia za utingo na dereva na kujaza watu garini
kama makopa. Zaidi ya hayo, imekuwa ni shida kuzidhibiti tabia za wale wapendao kurambishwa
asali katika sekta hii.

Hivi maajuzi, waziri wa usafiri na wamasiliano alifanya juu chini akaibuka na mikakati kabambe ya
kuondoa udhia mwingi katika sekta ya usafiri. Aliwataka wenye magari kuweka vidhibiti
mwendo, abiria kuitumia mikanda ya usalama, utingo na madereva kuvaa sare na magari kutobeba
abiria kupita kiasi. Kwa kuwa wenye magari wengi hawakuweza kutimiza masharti hayo kwa
muda uliowekwa, ilibidi magari mengi yasitumike kwa muda.
Abiria ambao walikuwa wamechoshwa na vituko barabarani walipiga moyo konde na kujisemea, “si
hoja, hata itabidi tutembee kwa miguu kwa muda ni sawa, mradi tupate suluhisho la kudumu”

Kulingana na matokeo ya uchunguzi uliofanywa muda mfupi uliopita, imegunduliwa kuwa tayari
ajali zimepungua, usafiri umekuwa wa utulivu na nidhamu ya utingo na madereva imeimarika.
Zogo la “kama hutaki kubanwa nunua lako” limekwisha kabisa.
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a)Fupisha aya mbili za kwanza kwa maneno 45-55. (alama 8)
Matayarisho
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b)Usafiri katika nchi nyingi za kiafrika ni tatizo sugu. Jadili kwa kutumia maneno 40-50 (Alama 7)
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Jibu
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MATUMIZI YA LUGHA (ALAMA 40)

(a) Andika neno lenye mpangilio ufuatao wa sauti: kikwaruzo ghuna cha menoni, irabu tandazwa ya
kati, kizuiwa hafifu cha ufizi na irabu ya tandazwa ya juu. (al 2)
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(b) Zitumie mofimu hizi kuunda neno: Mofimu ya unominishaji, mofimu ya mzizi, kiishio,
kiambishi cha mazoea. (al 2)
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(c) Ainisha sentensi hii kiuamilifu: Huenda mgeni afike mapema. (al 1)
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(d) Fuata maagizo yaliyo mabanoni:

i) Joka hilo liuawa kwa gongo. (Andika kwa wingi) (al 2)
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ii) Mwanamme huyo alichukua kikombe. (Badilisha iwe katika ukubwa) (al 2)
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(e) Tumia kistari kirefu katika sentensi ili kuonyesha msemaji. (al.2)
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(f) Andika katika usemi wa taarifa. (al.2)

“Mike! Mike! Njoo hapa umwone farasi nitakayesafiri naye, “ mjomba akaita kwa bashasha.
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(g) Kamilisha pengo kwa kugeuza neon lililo kwenye mabano kulingana na maagizo. (al.2)
Wagombanaji hao ………………. radhi baada ya ugomvi. (wa – tendeana)

(h) Tunga sentensi yenye muundo ufuatao wa maneno. (al.2)

KN(N+RH) + KT(t+E)
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(i) Tunga sentensi mija kutofautisha maana ya bawaba na bawabu. (al.2)

(j) Timamu ni kwa kamilifu/fusuli, chizi ni kwa ………………… huku bahili ni

kwa…………………………… (al.2)
(k) Ayefiwa huambiwa makiwa, unapotaka mtu akupishe utamwambia………………………….,
anapoapa mtu husema walahi! Na unataka kuonyesha mtu dharau unamwambia
……………………. (al 2)

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(l) Tumia kivumishi kinachotokana na kitenzi "adilisha" katika sentensi. (al 2)
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(m) Changanua sentensi ifuatayo kwa kutumia jedwali: (al 3)

" Wewe ukija mapema utanipata nikikusubiri afisini."
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(n) Tunga sentensi yenye kihusishi cha mtendaji. (al 2)

(o) Tambulisha dhima ya vishazi tegemezi katika tungo zifuatazo:

(i) Ambaye amenusurika atapelekwa katika hospitali ya rufaa. (al 1)
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(ii) Nazangi aliigiza alivyoleekezwa na mwalimu wake. (al 1)

(p) Tunga sentensi mbili; mojawapo ikiwa na neno 'mpaka' kama nomino na nyingine ikiwa nalo
kama kihusishi. (al 2)
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(q) Tumia nomino maja ya makundi katika ngeli ya I-ZI kutungia sentensi. (al 2)
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(r) Bainisha yambwa na chagizo katika sentensi ifwatayo: (al 2)

Awali, Kanini alikuwa amewapikia wanawe Sarah pilau kwa gesi.
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(s) Andika sentensi ifuatayo upya ukizingatia kinyume cha maneno yaliyopigiwa mstari. (al.2)
Utulivu wao uliwawezesha kuwajibikia majukumu yao.
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4. ISIMU JAMII (Alama 10)

a) Soma kifungu kifuatacho kisha ujibu maswali.
“Asante sana Bwana spika kwa fursa hii. Naichukuwa fursa hii kuipinga hoja ya
mheshimiwa wa Maweni kuhusu kuongeza ushuru kwa bidhaa za urembo......
(i) Hii ni sajili gani? Thibitisha jibu lako. (alama 2)
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(ii) Tambua sifa nyingine za sajili hii ambazo zingetumika katika muktadha huu (alama 3)
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b) Umealikwa shuleni mwako ili kuzungumza na wanafunzi wa kidato cha nne baada ya kuibuka
mwanafunzi bora nchini katika mtihani wa kitaifa mwaka uliopita. Eleza sifa za lugha
utakayotumia. (alama 5 )
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HUU NDIO UKURASA WA MWISHO ULIOPIGWA CHAPA.

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
102/3

KISWAHILI
KARATASI YA 3-FASIHI
MUDA: SAA 2½

JINA…………………………………………………………………………………………

SHULE……………………………………………… SAHIHI……………………….

NAMBARI YA USAJILI……………………………… MKONDO……………………..

Cheti cha Kuhitimu Kisomo cha Sekondari (KCSE)

Maagizo
(i) Andika jina lako, nambari ya usajili na mkondo kwenye nafasi ulizopewa hapo juu.
(ii) Tia sahihi yako kisha uandike tarehe ya mtihani katika nafasi ulizopewa hapo juu.
(iii) Jibu maswali manne pekee.
(iv) Swali la kwanza ni la lazima.
(v) Maswali hayo mengine yachaguliwe kutoka sehemu nne zilizobaki; yaani Riwaya Tamthilia,
Hadithi Fupi na Fasihi Simulizi
(vi) Usijibu maswali mawili kutoka sehemu moja.
(vii) Majibu yote lazima yaandikwe kwa lugha ya Kiswahili.
(viii) Majibu yote sharti yaandikwe kwenye nafasi ulizoachiwa kwenye kijitabu hiki cha maswali.

Swali 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Jumla

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SEHEMU YA A: NGUU ZA JADI (ALAMA 20)
1. SWALI LA LAZIMA
“Ndugu zangu, ukabila ni sumu ya nyoka. Ukabila huangamiza maendeleo ya nchi hata kama
imestawi kiasi gani.”
a) Yaweke maneno haya katika muktadha wake. (alama 4)
b) Eleza umuhimu nne wa msemaji wa kauli hii. (alama 4)
c) Onyesha mbili za uandishi zinazojitokeza katika dondoo hili. (alama 2)
d) Kwa kutumia hoja zisizopungua kumi, jadili maudhui ya ukabila yanavyojitokeza katika riwaya
hii. (alama 10)

SEHEMU YA B: BEMBEA YA MAISHA

JIBU SWALI LA 2 AU LA 3
2. Wanasema kuwa Mungu hamtupi mja wake. Kweli iliyoje!
(a) Eleza muktadha wa dondoo hili. (alama 4)
(b) Fafanua sifa za msemaji. (alama 4)
(c) (i) Eleza umuhimu wa mandhari ya dondoo hili. (alama 6)
(ii) “Lakini inakujuzu uelewe kuwa dunia ni nyumba ya mtihani.” Onyesha ukweli wa kauli hii kwa
kurejelea tamthilia ya Bembea ya Maisha. (alama 6)
AU
3. (a) Changanua mbinu za kimtindo katika dondoo lifuatalo. (alama 8)
Maskini mke wangu! Kumbe ugonjwa haukumsaza mwaka baada ya mwaka. Umemla bila huruma.
Awali niliona kama mchezo. Kumbe ilikuwa kweli! Kauli yake ninaona imesimama. Ni mwele
hakika. Laiti ningejua, jana ningeishi tofauti. Silesi zetu za maisha tungezila zilivyokuja kwa
furaha. (Kimya). Siku hazigandi wala jana haitarudi. Sasa jana imebaki kuwa kumbukizi baada
ya kusombwa na wakati mfano wa mafuriko msimu wa masika. (Kimya). Kwa bahati nzuri bado
tupo. Ninaweza kuiachia dunia tabasamu iwe silesi kwa vizazi vijavyo na kila mwenye nia njema.
(Kimya). Siwezi kuendelea kuishi hivi. Sasa nimekata shauri. Lazima niache njia ya zamani
na kuifuata mpya. Maisha mapya. Pombe! (kama anayesemea pombe). Umenichezesha kama
mwanasesere kwa muda mrefu. Umeninyima fursa ya kuielewa familia yangu.
(b) Kauli iliyokolezwa wino katika dondoo inadokeza nia ya kubadilika kwa mzungumzaji. Kwa
kurejelea tamthilia nzima, onyesha jinsi mwandishi alivyoshughulikia suala la mabadiliko.
(alama 12)

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SEHEMU YA C: MAPAMBAZUKO YA MACHWEO
JIBU SWALI LA 4 AU LA 5
4. MSIBA WA KUJITAKIA (ALAMA 20)
“Tayari alikuwa amefanya kosa. Kosa ambalo alifahamu lilikuwa la kujitakia.”
a) Eleza muktadha wa dondoo hili. (alama 4)
b) Bainisha toni inayodokezwa na dondoo hili. (alama 2)
c) Hadithi ya Msiba wa Kujitakia ina matukio mengi yanayoonyesha kinaya. Thibitisha. (alama 6)
d)“Tamaa mbele mauti nyuma.” Jadili ukweli wa kauli hii kwa kurejelea hadithi: Nilitamani.
(alama 8)
AU
5. Jadili jinsi maudhui ya usaliti yanavyojitokeza katika hadithi zifuatazo: (alama 20)
i.Toba ya Kalia
ii.Kifo cha Suluhu
iii.Fadhila za Punda
iv.Mapambazuko ya Machweo

SEHEMU YA D: USHAIRI
6. SHAIRI HURU (ALAMA 20)
Soma shairi lifuatalo kisha uyajibu maswali
Nimeyaandika maneno haya
Kwa niaba ya:
Mamilioni wasio malazi
Wabebao vifurushi vilivyo wazi
Wazungukao barabarani bila mavazi
... milki yao ya Maisha.
Kwa niaba ya:
Maelfu wanouawa bila haki
Wiki baada ya wiki
leo sumu au spaki
leo kamba au bunduki
na kwa wale wanosubiri kunyongwa.

Kwa niaba ya:

Vijana walio mitaani
wale mayatima wa maskini
wazungukao mapipani
kila pembe mjini
kuokota sumu kutia tumboni
kujiua bila kujua
ili kupata kuishi.
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Kwa niaba ya:
Wakongwe wasiojiweza
walao chakula kilichooza
wachukuao choo wakijipakaza
polepole wakijiangamiza
katika vyumba vyao
baridi na giza
kwa sababu hawana watazama
wala wauguza.

Kwa niaba ya:

Waishi na nyingi hofu
Kwa sababu ya madawa tifutifu
yatiwayo vyakulani yakitufanya wafu
bila ya mtu kuona
kama kwamba sote tu vipofu,

Na kwa niaba yete sote;

Tuliofungwa vifungoni, duniani
Tuliosukumwa kingoni, maishani
Tuliopokonywa maoni, machoni
Tuliotiliwa sumu, malishoni
Tuliodidimizwa kinyesini
ili ‘maendeleo’
yaendelee kwenda njiani
huku yakitema machicha ya roho zetu.
Maswali
a) Hili ni shairi la aina gani? Tetea jibu lako. (alama 2)
b) Bainisha toni ya shairi hili . (alama 2)
c) Tambua aina tatu za urudiaji zinazojitokeza katika shairi. (alama 3)
d) Huku ukitoa mifano eleza namna mtunzi alivyotimiza arudhi za kishairi. (alama 3)

e) Eleza matumizi ya.

i) Mistari mishata (alama 1)
ii) Mistari kifu (alama 1)
f) Bainisha nafsi neni katika shairi hili. (alama 2)
g) Tambua aina za taswira katika shairi hili. (alama 2)
h) Mshairi anazungumza kwa niaba ya watu mbalimbali. Jadili.: (alama 4)

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7. Soma shairi hili kisha ujibu maswali.
Ulimwengu ulimwengu, ulimwengu naratibu
Yaliyo kichwani mwangu, nataka kuyahutubu
Wayasome ndugu zangu, wa mbali na karibu
Cha wenye raha na taabu, ulimwengu ni kiwanja.

Ulimwengu ni kiwanja, chenye raha na tabu

Wengine wanajikonja, kwa wengine ni adhabu
Kuta na kucha twahanja, kutafuta matulubu
Cha wenye raha na tabu, ulimwengu ni kiwanja.

Ni uwanja wa balaa, aliniusia babu

Mna mambo yamejaa, ya faraja na kusibu
Na machache ya kufaa, ila mengi ya udubu
Cha wenye raha na tabu ulimwengu ni kiwanja.

Ni kiwanja cha Amina, Saidi Ali Rajabu

Wengune kitu hatuna, tunaishia kababu
Wale wamejaza sana, wanashindwa kuhesabu
Cha wenye raha na tabu, ulimwengu ni kiwanja.

Ni uwanja wa urongo, na kweli pia ajabu

Kichwa hudanganya shingo, tumbo kiuno chasibu
Usitumai ubongo, wa nduguyo na swahibu
Cha wenye raha na tabu, ulimwengu ni kiwanja.

Ni uwanja wa walevi, pombe kwao ni dhahabu

Mara vile mara hivi, wakilewa majudhubu
Maneno ya kiujuvi, hujipaka hata shabu
Cha wenye raha na tabu, ulimwengu ni kiwanja.

Ni kiwanja wenye dini, watiio Wahabu

Mashekhe misikitini, humo hufanya muhibu
Mapadri kanisani, huvihubiri vitabu
Cha wenye raha na tabu, ulimwengu ni kiwanja.

Ni uwanja wa malofa, lofa mtu mwenye tabu

Kusema sana kashifa, na moyo kisebusebu
Tunakaribia kufa, kwa kushindwa kujimudu
Cha wenye raha na tabu, ulimwengu ni kiwanja.
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Ni uwanja wa faraja, alowajali habibu
Na mengine sitotaja, msinambe nina gubu
Ni uwanja wa viroja, vigumu kuvikutubu
Cha wenye raha na tabu, ulimwengu ni kiwanja.

Maswali
a) Eleza mambo yanayojitokeza katika shairi hili. (alama 3)
b) Ainisha bahari katika shairi hili kwa kuzingatia vigezo vifuatavyo. (alama 3)
(i) Mpango wa maneno
(ii) Vipande
(iii) Vina
c) Onyesha jinsi mbinu alizotumia mshairi kukidhi mahitaji ya kiarudhi. (alama 3)
d) Onyesha umbo la ubeti wa 3. (alama 3)
e) Andika ubeti wa sita kwa lugha tutumbi (alama 4)
f) Mshairi huyu ni bingwa kwa kutumia lugha. Thibitisha. (alama 2)
g) Fafanua toni katika shairi hili. (alama 1)
h) Eleza maana ya neno kisebusebu kama lilivyotumiwa katika shairi (alama 1)

8. SEHEMU YA E: FASIHI SIMULIZI (ALAMA 20)

Mtoto wetu lala
Mtoto wetu lala
Mama ameenda sokoni
Kununua ndizi, atakuja na ndizi nyingi
Ndizi kubwa itakuwa yako
Utakula yote mtoto wetu
Kwa sababu mama anakupenda
Mama anakupenda
Mtoto wetu lala
Baba ameenda shambani kuvuna
Mimi mlezi wako nitakutunza kwa upendo
Nitakuandalia samaki kama jana
Mtoto wetu lala
Mama anakupenda sana.

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Maswali
a) Huu ni wimbo wa aina gani. Thibitisha. (alama 2)
b) Taja na uthibitishe shughuli zozote mbili za kiuchumi za jamii asili ya wimbo huu.
(alama 2)
c) Ni nani mwimbaji wa wimbo huu na anaimbia nani? (alama 2)
d) Eleza mbinu ambazo mwasilishaji wa utanzu huu anaweza kutumia ili kufanikisha uwasilishaji
wake. (alama 2)
e) Eleza wajibu wa nyimbo katika jamii. (alama 5)
f) Ijapokuwa nyimbo ni nzuri, zina ubaya wake. Thibitisha kauli hii (alama 2)
g) Umepewa wajibu wa kutafiti mbolezi katika jamii yako. Pendekeza mbinu ambazo ungetumia
kutafiti kipera hiki. (alama 5)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
313/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided.
b) This paper consists of six questions.
c) Answer any five questions in the answer booklet provided.
d) Each question carries 20 marks.

QUESTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 TOTAL

SCORE

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1 (a) Describe the second account of the creation. Gen 2:4-25 (7marks)
(b) Narrate the process of Bible translation from the original language to the local
language (7 marks)
(c) Give six reasons why Christians read the bible (6 marks)

2 (a) Outline the background to the call of Abraham. (7 marks)

(b) Explain how God prepared the Israelites for the making of the covenant at Mt. Sinai.
Exodus 19. (7 marks)
(c) List six reasons why the church leaders take vows before starting their mission. (6 marks)

3 (a) Outline reasons why Elijah faced danger and hostility as a prophet of God (7marks)
(b) Explain the significance of David as an ancestor of Jesus to Christians today (7marks)
(c) Outline the commandments that King Ahab and Jezebel broke from the story of
Naboths vineyard (6marks)

4 (a) Explain six categories of true prophets in the Old Testament (6 marks)
(b) Outline seven ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to prophet
Amos. (7 marks)
(c)Identify how Christians prepare themselves for the second coming of Jesus Christ.(7 mrks)

5 (a) Describe the meaning of the symbolic act of buying the land by prophet
Jeremiah. (7 marks)
(b) Outline seven problems faced by Nehemiah. (7marks)
(c) In the resent few months, many families across the country were negatively
affected by floods. In reference to such occurance, give six ways in which
Christians can assist victims of disaster. (6 marks)

6 (a) Outline the teaching and meaning of life and its wholeness in Traditional African
Societies. (7 marks)
(b)Identify six changes that have taken place in respect to African attitude towards land.
(6 marks)
(c)State ways in which the government can minimize problems related to land today. (7mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
313/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) There are six questions in this paper.
(b) This paper has two pages.
(c) Answer any FIVE questions.
(d) Each student must verify that all pages and questions are present in the paper.
(e) All answers must be in the answer sheets provided.
(f) All answers must be in English

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

QUESTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 TOTAL

SCORE

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
1.(a) Outline Jeremiahs prophecy concerning the messiah (Jeremiah 23:5-6) (7 marks)
(b) Describe the incident in which Jesus was left behind by His parents in the temple at the age of
12 years (Luke 2:) (8 marks)
(c)State five ways through which Christians show respect to places of worship today. (5 marks)

2.(a) Describe the incident when Jesus healed a man with evil spirits in Capernaum.Luke 4:31-37
(8 marks)
(b) Outline what Jesus said about John to his disciples. (6 marks)
(c)State lessons Christian learn about Jesus from the incident he healed a man with an evil spirit in
Capernaum. (6 marks)

3.(a) Relate the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector Luke18:9-14 (7 mark)
(b) Identify seven areas of conflict between Jesus and Jewish religious leaders. (7marks)
(c) There are many cases of conflicts among various members of the church today. From your
Point of view, give six ways in which Christians can solve conflicts among themselves.
(6marks)

4.(a)Explain how the unity of believers is expressed in the image of the People of God. (7 marks)
(b) Outline ways in which Christians can discern those who possess gifts of the Holy spirit.
(7 marks)
(c) Give seven ways in which kindness as a fruit of the Holy Spirit is abused in Kenya today.
(6 marks)

5. (a) Explain the Christian teachings on work. (7 marks)

(b)Give seven forms of leisure in Traditional African Communities. (7 marks)
(c)Give six reasons why Christians should not involve themselves in gambling. (6 marks)

6. (a) Explain how unfair distribution of wealth can lead to social disorder in Kenya today
(7 marks)
(b) Outline seven problems related to maintenance of law and order in Kenya today. (6 marks)
(c) Give reasons why Christians in should pay taxes to the Government of Kenya. (7 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
311/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
 This paper consists of three sections A,B,C
 Answer all questions in section A, choose three questions in section B and two questions in
section C
 Answers to all questions must be written in the answer booklet provided
 Candidates should answer questions in English.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

SECTION A SECTION B SECTION C
1-17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24

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SECTION A-25 MARKS
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. What was the main source of information in the African societies during pre-colonial period?
(1 mark)
2. Name one remnant of earliest inhabitants of Kenya who were found in Western Kenya.
(1 mark)
3. State two religious functions of the Oloibon among the Maasai during pre-colonial period.
(2 marks)
4. Identify two ways in which the knowledge in marine technology facilitated the coming of
the early visitors to the Kenyan coast. (2 marks)
5. Give one circumstance that can make a citizen by birth to lose Kenyan citizenship.(1 mrk)
6. Identify one minority group whose rights were protected by the independence constitution.
(1 mark)
7. Highlight two rights that the youth are guaranteed in the Constitution of Kenya. (2 marks)
8. Name two communities that showed mixed reaction to the establishment of colonial rule in
Kenya (2 marks)
9. Identify one group that provided health service in Kenya during the colonial period.
(1 mark)
10. State two characteristics of political parties formed in Kenya after 1945. (2 marks)
11. Give the main contribution made by Tom Mboya which improved the welfare of workers
during the colonial period. (1mark)
12. Name two organs of the National Security in Kenya. (2 marks)
13. Identify the main voting system used during elections in Kenya. (1 mark)
14. Outline two sources of Nyayo philosophy. (2 marks)
15. Identify the political event that threatened the stability of Kenya in 1978. (1 mark)
16. What is the main function of the County Executive Committee? (1 mark)
17. State two disadvantages of relying on foreign aid as a source of revenue for the Kenyan
government. (2 marks)

Section B (45 marks)

Answer any three questions from this section
18. (a) Identify five Eastern Cushitic communities in Kenya. (5 marks)
(b) Describe the political organization of the Ameru in Kenya in the 19 th century. (10 marks)
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
19. (a) Identify five factors that led to the development of the Long Distance trade. (5 marks)
(a) Explain five reasons for decline of the Portuguese rule along the East African Coast.
(10 marks)

20. (a)State five causes of the Somali resistance against the British rule in Kenya. (5 marks)
(b) Explain five contributions of trade unions in the struggle for independence in Kenya
(10 marks)

21. (a)Give five contributions of Harambee philosophy in the development of health sector in Kenya.
(5 marks)
(b) Explain five roles of political parties in governance and nation building in Kenya. (10 marks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)

Answer any two questions from this section
22. (a) Identify three symbols of National unity in Kenya. (3 marks)
(b) Explain six factors that enhance National Integration in Kenya. (12 marks)

23. (a) Give three functions of the Attorney General in Kenya. (3 marks)
(b) Explain six reforms that have been introduced by the government in the Correctional Service.
(12 marks)

24. (a) State the composition of the County Assembly in Kenya. (3 marks)
(b) Explain six importance of the national budget in Kenya. (12 marks)

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
311/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

SECTION A SECTION B SECTION C
1-17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24

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SECTION A-25 MARKS
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. Identify one form of early manuscripts. (1 mark)
2. Give two reasons that make human beings unique from other primates. (2 marks)
3. Identify the name tools used by man during the Middle Stone Age period. (1 mark)
4. State two advantages of land enclosure system in Britain during the agrarian revolution
(2 marks)
5. Identify one kingdom in Western Sudan that participated in the Trans-Saharan trade. (1 mark)
6. Give two advantages of Macadam roads. (2 mrks)
7. Identify one advantage of using Steel over Iron during the industrial revolution. (1 mark)
8. Name the scientist who invented the Spinning Jenny? (1 mark)
9. State the main factor behind the growth of Meroe as an early urban centre. (1 mark)
10. Give two functions of the Katikiro among the Baganda in the 19thcentury. (2 marks)
11. State two terms of the Berlin conference of 1884-1885. (2 marks)
12. Name the company used by the British to govern Nigeria during the colonial period.(1 mark)
13. State two roles of Kwame Nkrumah during Ghana’s struggle for independence. (2 marks)
14. Name one country that was a member of Triple-Alliance during the First World War.(1 mark)
15. Identify two organs of the League of Nations. (2 marks)
16. Give two treaties that made up the Treaty of Versailles. (2 marks)
17. Name one house of Congress in the United States of America (USA). (1 mark)

Section B (45 marks)

Answer any three questions from this section
18. (a) Give five reasons why man began early agriculture during the Neolithic period. (5 mrks)
(b) Explain five factors that led to the rise of Agrarian revolution in the United States of
America (USA). (10 marks)
19. (a)Identify five trade items from Western Sudan during the Trans-Saharan trade. (5 marks)
(b) Describe five factors that led to the decline of the Trans-Atlantic trade. 10 marks)
20. (a)Identify five challenges facing Johannesburg as a modern city. (5 marks)
(b) Discuss five contributions of Railway transport to the European industrialization. (10 marks)
21. (a)State five reforms introduced by the Germans in Tanganyika after the Maji Maji rebellion
(1905-1907). (5 marks)
(b) Discuss five reasons why the Franco-Mandinka war was protracted. (10 marks)
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Section C (30 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section
22. (a) Identify three factors that facilitated the application of the policy of Assimilation
in French West Africa during the colonial rule. (3 marks)
(b) Explain six reasons behind the failure of the indirect rule system in Southern Nigeria.
(12 marks)

23. (a) Give three objectives of the League of Nations. (3 marks)

(b) Discus six reasons why the Axis powers were defeated by the Allies in the Second World War.
(12 marks)

24. (a) Identify three advantages of the federal system of government in the United States of
America (USA). (3 marks)
(b) Explain six functions of the British Monarch. (12 marks)

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
GEOGRAPHY
312/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2¾ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Write your name and Admission Number in the spaces provided above.
b) Write your class, date of examination and sign in the spaces provided above.
c) This paper consists of two sections; A and B.
d) Answer all the questions in section A.
e) Answer question 6 and any other two questions from section B.
f) Answers must be written in the spaces provided at the end of question
g) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Section Question Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
A 1-5 25
B 6 25
25
25
Total Score

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions.
1 (a) Give two areas studied under practical geography ( 2 marks )
(b) Describe the relationship between geography and the following disciplines
(i) Biology ( 2 marks )
(ii) Medicine ( 2 marks )
2 . Describe the passing star theory ( 5 marks )
3 . (a)( i ) Give two examples of plutonic rocks ( 2 marks )
(b) State three ways in which rocks are classified (3 marks)
4. Study the diagram of the flood plain provided and answer the questions that follow

( a) Identify the parts labelled M,N and O ( 3 marks )

( b) Apart from a flood plain name three other river depositional features (2 marks )

5. Study the map of the world provided and answer the questions that follow

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(i) Name the vegetation types marked W , X and Z ( 3 marks )
(ii) State two characteristics of desert vegetation ( 2 marks )

SECTION B: (75 MARKS)

Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section
6. Study the map of Mumias 1: 50,000 ( Sheet 101/2 ) provided and answer the following
questions .
(a) (i) What information is contained on the sheet title (2 marks )
(ii) Measure the distance of river Lusimu from the junction of river Nzoia to the bridge. Give
your answer in kilometres and metres. (2 marks )
(iii) Name two drainage patterns found in the area covered by the map. (2 marks )
(iv) Identify two types of natural vegetation to the south of northing 36 (2 marks )
(b) Describe the distribution of settlement in the area covered by the map (6 marks)
(c) Citing evidence explain three factors that would favour cattle rearing in Mumias.(6 marks )
(d) Describe the relief of the area covered by the map (5 marks )

7 (a) (i) Apart from the rift valley name two other resultant features of faulting. (2 marks )
(ii) State three characteristics of Gregory rift valley. (3 marks )
(b) Explain four ways in which faulting influences drainage. (8 marks )
(c )Within the aid of a well labeled diagram describe how a block mountain is formed due to
compressional forces. (7 marks)
(d) Students at MEC School intends to carry out a field study on a section of Rift valley
(i) State three preparation they will make before the study. (3 marks )
(ii)State two follow up activities that they would engage in after the study. (3marks)

8.(a) Distinguish between vulcanicity and volcanicity. (2 marks )

(b)(i) A part from a plug volcano, name three other extrusive volcanic features (2 marks)
(ii) With the aid a well labeled diagram describe the formation of a plug dome (8 marks)
(c) (i)What are fumaroles? (2 marks )
(ii) Describe how a hot spring is formed (6 marks)
(e) Explain two ways in which volcanic features may influence the climate (4 marks)

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9.(a)(i) Distinguish between a swash and backwash (2 marks)
(ii) The diagram shows the parts of a wave

Name the parts labelled Q , R ,S and T ( 4 marks )

(b)(i) State four factors that determine the size of a wave (4 marks)
(ii) Using a well labelled diagram describe the formation of a cuspate foreland (7 marks)
(c) Describe four factors that influence wave erosion along the coast (8 marks)

10. (a) The diagram below shows an artesian basin. Use it to answer question (a).

(a)Identify ;
(i) the part marked P. (1 mark )
(ii) the layer marked Q ( 1 mark )
(iii) the process marked R ( 1 mark )
(iv) Describe how artesian basin forms ( 3 marks )

(b) State three ways springs form ( 3 marks )

(c ) Explain four factors that influence the existence of underground water (8 marks)
(d) (i) What is karst Scenery? ( 2 marks )
(ii) State reasons why there are few settlements in karst regions. ( 3 marks )
(iii) Name three underground karst features ( 3 marks )
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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
GEOGRAPHY
312/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2¾ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a ) Write your name and Admission Number in the spaces provided above.
b) Write your class, date of examination and sign in the spaces provided above.
c )This paper consists of two sections; A and B.
d) Answer all the questions in section A.
e) Answer question 6 and any other two questions from section B.
f) Answers must be written in the spaces provided at the end of question
i) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Section Question Maximum Score Candidate’s
Score
A 1-5 25
B 6 25
25
25
Total Score

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SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions.
1. Describe dredging process as a method of mining. (5marks )
2. (a) Differentiate between horticulture and market Gardening. ( 2marks )
(b) Outline two reasons why horticultural products from Kenya are in high demand in Europe.
(2 marks)

3. (a) Define invisible trade. ( 2 marks )

(b) (i) Give two reasons why Kenya is experiencing unfavourable balance of trade. ( 2 marks )
(ii) Name two visible exports from Kenya. ( 2 marks )

4. (a) Give two types of settlement patterns. ( 2 marks )

(b) State three benefits of hinterland to Thika. ( 3 marks )

5.(a)Below is a map of the Ruhr Industrial Region. Use it to answer the questions that follow.

Name
i) the canal marked U. ( 1 mark )
ii) the river marked V. ( 1 mark )
iii) the town marked W. ( 1 mark )
(b) Apart from coal , give two other sources of energy used in the Ruhr region. (2 marks )

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SECTION B: (75 MARKS)
Answer question 6 and any other two questions from section B.
6. (a) The table below shows hypothetical size of laud in ‘000 acres for exotic trees grown in
Kenya Between 2010 and 2011. Use the data to answer the following questions.
Year/Tree species 2010 2011
Pine 150 120
Cypress 100 84
Cedar 40 30
Fir 10 6
TOTAL 500 240

(i) Calculate the decline in total laud acreage lunar exotic between 2010 and 2011. (2 marks )
(ii) Using a radius of 5cm, draw a pie – chart to represent the data for 2010. ( 7 marks )
(iii) State three advantages of using a pie-chart to represent statistical data. ( 3 marks )
(b) State four likely reasons why there was a decline in total average of land under exotic tree in
Kenya before 2010 and 2011. ( 4 marks )
(c) Give three characteristics of coniferous forests. ( 3 marks )
(d) Explain the differences between softwood forestry in Kenya and Canada under the following.
(i) Period of growth ( 2 marks )
(ii) Forest distribution ( 2 marks )
(iii) Transportation of logs. ( 2 marks )

7. (a) (i) What is beef farming ( 2 marks )

( ii ) Give two types of beef farming ( 2 marks )
( b ) ( i ) State four characteristics of beef farming ( 4 marks )
(ii) Apart from meat , hide and skin , identify three other products from beef farming ( 3 marks )
(c) Compare beef farming in Kenya and Argentina ( 8 marks )
(d) Your class intend to conduct a field study on a nearby ranch scheme
( i ) Identify three problems you are likely to face in the field ( 3 marks )
( ii ) State three methods used to record data collected ( 3 marks )

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8. (a) What is population structure ( 2 marks )
( b) Explain three physical factors that influence population distribution in East Africa (6 marks )
(c ) (i) State four effects of mortality on population in Kenya ( 4 marks )
(ii) Outline the information that can be derived from a population pyramid ( 4 marks )
(iii) Give three causes of low fertility rates in Sweden ( 3 marks )
(d) Explain three causes of rural - rural migration ( 6 marks )

9. (a) Define Eco- Tourism ( 2 marks )

( b ) Apart from Wildlife , name three other tourist attractions found in the Kenyan Rift valley.
(3 marks)
( c ) Give four benefits of domestic tourism in Kenya. ( 4 marks )
( d ) Explain four Reasons why tourism is more developed in Switzerland than Kenya.(8 marks)
( e ) Explain is the future of Tourism in Kenya. ( 8 marks )

10. (a) What is environment conservation? ( 2 marks )

(b) (i) Name three rivers causing flooding in western Kenya (3 marks )
(ii) State four effects of floods on human settlements. ( 4marks )
(c) (i) Identify three natural causes of floods in Kenya ( 3 marks )
(ii) Explain three methods that can be used to control floods in Kenya. ( 6 marks )
(d) (i) Define pollution. ( 2 marks )
(ii) A part from air pollution, name two other types of pollution. ( 2 marks )
(iii) State three causes of air pollution in Kenya. ( 3marks )

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
MATHEMATICS
121/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
(a) Write your name, admission number class and index number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
(c) This paper consists of two sections; Section I and Section II.
(d) Answer all the questions in Section I and any five questions from Section II
(e) Show all the steps in your calculations, giving your answers at each stage in the spaces
provided below each question
(f) Marks may be given for correct working even if the answer is wrong.
(g) Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC Mathematical tables may be used,
except where stated otherwise.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Section I
1 1 1 1 1 TOTA
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
2 3 4 5 6 L

Section II

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 TOTAL

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SECTION I (50 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section
2  32  5  - 12  3 of 4   2 
2

1. Evaluate without using tables or calculator: correct to 3

51 - 12  10  6
decimal places (3 marks)

2. Two of the exterior angles of a polygon are each 63 o. The remaining exterior angles are each
260. Determine the number of sides of the polygon and hence the name. (3 marks)

3. Koech and Kigen began a 10000 m race together at the starting line. Koech and Kigen took 36
seconds and 48 seconds respectively to run a 400 m lap. The two athletes were together again at
the starting line after some time. Determine the number of laps that Kigen had to run to
complete the race after they were together. (3 marks)

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4. In the figure below ABF is a uniform cross section of a solid. AB, BC and BF are some of the
visible edges of the solid. Complete the sketch showing the hidden edges with broken lines.
(3 marks)

5. A Kenyan bank bought and sold Japanese Yen when the rate are as shown below.
Buying (Ksh) Selling (Ksh) 100 Japanese Yen
84.00 85.50
A Kenyan businessman travelled to Japan and converted Ksh. 1 613 760 to Japanese Yen. He
spends 75% of the amount and then converted the balance into Kenyan shillings at the bank
when buying rate increased by 1.4% and selling rate increased by 1.3%. Calculate the amount of
money in Kenyan shilling that he received. (3 marks)

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6. (a) Line PQ given below is one of side of a parallelogram PQRS. Using a ruler and a pair of
compass only, construct the parallelogram given that ∠SPQ = 75° (2 marks)

(b) Drop a perpendicular from R to PQ produced at T. Measure RT. (2 marks)

7. Six tractors each working 8 hours a day can plough a field in 5 days. Calculate the number of
days that four tractors working 10 hours a day would take to plough the field. (3 marks)

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8. Rina has several buses, each with a driver and a conductor. All her drivers earn the same wage
and all conductors earning are also equal. Any three drivers and four conductors earn a total of
Ksh. 7 500 per day and the difference in driver’s earning and conductor’s earning per day is Kshs.
400. Calculate the daily wage of a driver. (3 marks)

9. From a point Mary notices that the angle of elevation of the top of a tree is 28 0 , she then walks
10m towards the tree and finds that the angle of elevation of the top of the tree is now 34 0.
Calculate the height of the tree to 1 decimal place given that Mary is 1.5m tall.
(3marks)

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10. Under an enlargement with scale factor -1.5, the point R (2, -8) is mapped onto R’ (10, 5). By
calculation, determine the coordinates of the center of enlargement. (3marks)

11. Use tables of squares, square roots and reciprocal to find the value of x if its given that
2 1
x= + (4marks)
√0.4278 6.042

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12. The number line below represents the solution for some given inequalities

Form the two inequalities represented above and write them as a compound statement (3 marks)

13. The coordinate of A (-2,5) and B(x, 0), calculate the value of x if the magnitude of AB is 13
units (3 marks)

(𝑚+5𝑛)2 +(𝑚−5𝑛)2 −1
14. Simplify completely [ ] (3 marks)
3𝑚2 +75𝑛2

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42𝑥 −22𝑥
15. Calculate the values of x and a in the equation = 20 (3 marks)
22𝑥 −2𝑥

16. Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 when x = -1 (3 marks)

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SECTION II (50 MARKS)
Answer any FIVE questions in this section
17. During a surveying exercise to establish a housing of affordable houses units, a surveyor marked
out four points P, Q, R and S to represent an area to be left out for other social amenities. Point
Q is 480m on a bearing of N75°E from P. Point R lie on a bearing of 150° at a distance 600m
from Q. S is directly south of P a distance of 640m.
a) Draw a scale drawing to represent the relative position of the area under survey (Scale: 1cm
represents 80 m).(4 marks)

b) Using the scale in (a) above, determine

(i) the compass bearing of point R from S(1 mark)
(ii) the distance of point S from point Q(2 marks)
c) An emergency water point is located within the area marked such that it is equal in distance from
line QR and RS. Locate the water point and measure its distance from point P. (3 marks)

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18. The histogram below is drawn from marks obtained by students

(a) Use it to fill the table below (4 marks)

Classes Midpoint Frequency

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(b) Calculate the mean mark. (3 marks)

(c) Calculate the median mark(3 marks)

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19. (a) A Nissan travelling at a speed of 90 km/h left Nairobi for Nakuru at 9.00 a.m. Half an hour
later, a bus left Nakuru for Nairobi at a speed of x km/h. The two vehicles met at a point 180 km
from from Nakuru at 11.00 am. Find the value of x (4 marks)

(b) Given that the bus had a puncture that lasted 20 minutes to repair, determine which vehicle arrived
at its destination first and by how long(4 marks)

(c) Find the distance between town A and B (2 marks)

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−5
-1 2
20. (a) Given that A = ( 2 ), find matrix A(2 marks)
−3 4

(b) A student bought 16 exercise books and 10 pens at a total cost of Kshs. 1018. If she had bought
12 exercise books and 8 pens, she would have spent Kshs. 242 less.
(i) Form a matrix equation to represent the information above (2 marks)

(ii) Using the inverse of A in (a) above, determine the price of each item (4 marks)

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21. ABCD is a parallelogram with A(1,1) and C(8,10). The equation of AB is 4𝑥 − 5𝑦 = −1 and
the equation of BC is 5𝑥 − 2𝑦 = 20. Determine
(a) The coordinates of M, where M is the point of intersection of the diagonals (2 marks)

(b) The coordinates of the vertices of B and D(6 marks)

(c) The length of AB correct to 3 significant figures (2 marks)

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22. A1(-1,0) B1(-1,2) and C1(-4,0) is the image of A(2,1), B(4,1) and C(2,4)
respectively under a rotation

(a) Plot the two triangles on the grid provided (2 marks)

(b) By construction find the center and angle of rotation (3 marks)

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(c) A′′ B ′′ C′′ is the image of A1B1C1 under enlargement, center (-2,-1) and scale factor -
2. Plot A′′ B ′′ C′′ and state its coordinates (𝟑 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)

(d) A111B111C111 is the image of A′′ B ′′ C ′′ under reflection in the line 𝑦 + 2 = 0. Plot
A111B111C111 on the same grid and state its coordinates (𝟐 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬)

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23. A bucket is in the shape of a frustum of a cone. The base radius of the bucket is 30
cm and it is filled with water to a height of 60 cm. The radius of the water level in
the bucket is 40 cm. Taking 𝜋 to be 3.142;
a) Calculate:
(i) The quantity of water in the bucket in litres.(3 marks)

(ii) The surface area of the bucket in contact with water.(4 marks)

b) Find the volume of water that if added into the bucket, would give a 20 cm rise in the
water level. (3 marks)

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24. The displacement of a particle is given as S = t  6t  9t  50 metres.
3 2

Determine;
a) the displacement of the particle when t = 2 seconds. (2 marks)

b) the velocity of the particle when t = 4 (2 marks)

c) the acceleration of the particle when t = 5. (2 marks)

d) the time when the particle is at rest. (2 marks)

e) the minimum velocity (2 marks)

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
MATHEMATICS
121/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO…………………………………………….ADM NO………………………

Instructions to candidates
(a) Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above.
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided.
(c) This paper consists of two sections: Section I and Section II.
(d) Answer all questions in section I and only five questions from section II.
(e) Show all the steps in your calculations, giving the answers at each stage in the
spaces provided below each question.
(f) Marks may be given for correct working even if the answer is wrong.
(g) Non-programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may
be used, except where stated otherwise.
(h) Candidates should answer the questions in English.
For Examiner’s Use Only
SECTION I
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total

SECTION II Grand Total

17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Total

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SECTION I (50 Marks)
Answer all the questions in this section
1. The base and height of a right angled triangle were measured as 6.4 cm and 3.5 cm respectively.
Determine to 1 decimal place the percentage error in calculating the area of the triangle
(3 marks)

2. Find the value of 𝑥 that satisfies the equation log(2𝑥 − 11) − log 2 = log 3 − log 𝑥 (4 marks)

3. Five men working 8 hours a day take 2 days to cultivate an acre of land. How many days would
four men working 10 hours a day at double rate take to cultivate 3 acres of land? 3 marks)

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4. Simplify the expression below leaving your answer in the form 𝑎 + 𝑏 √𝑐 where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are
integral values. (3 marks)
√48
√5 − √3

5. Two parallel chords of dimensions 15.6 cm and 13 cm are such that they are on the same side of
the centre of a circle centre O and radius 12 cm. Calculate the perpendicular distance between the
two chords, correct to 2 decimal places. (3 marks)

6. Frank bought a motor cycle on hire purchase terms. The cash price of the motor cycle was Kshs.
125000. He paid 15 equal monthly installments of Kshs. 13500 each. Calculate the monthly rate
at which compound interest was charged. (4 marks)

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7. Make 𝑛 the subject of the formula (3 marks)
3
√𝑃2 − 𝑛3
𝑄=
𝑛

8. A bag has 3 red balls, 6 blue ball and some green balls of the same shape and size. The
probability of picking a green ball is 0.5. Find the probability of picking either a green or a blue
ball. (3 marks)

9. The figure below shows the graph of a cubic function.

Write the equation of the function in the form 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are
constants. (3 marks)

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1 𝑘 −3 5
10. Given that 𝐀 = ( ) and 𝐁 = ( ), find 𝑘 if the determinant of 𝐀𝐁 is 9 (3 marks)
3 3 1 −2

11. Determine the independent term in the expansion of (2 marks)

1 6
(2𝑥 − 2 )
3𝑥

12. A trader bought two grades of rice; grade A at Ksh.109 per kilogram and grade B at Ksh. 81.50
per kilogram. She blended the two grades of rice in the ratio 5: 𝑛 and by selling the blend at Ksh.
112.80 per kilogram, a profit of 20% was realised. Determine the value of 𝑛. (3 marks)

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13. Use trigonometric identities to show that: (3 marks)
tan2 θ + 1 1
=
tan2 θ 1 − cos 2 θ

14. Draw a line PQ=9 cm. On the upper side of line PQ, construct the locus of a point T such that the
area of triangle ATB = 13.5 cm2. On the locus of T, locate and label points T1 and T2 such that
PT1Q=PT2Q=900 (4 marks)

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15. Determine the centre and radius of a circle whose equation is given by; (3 marks)
2𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 − 32𝑥 + 48𝑦 + 254 = 0

16. In the figure below, AB is a tangent to the circle centre O at B. The radius of the circle is 5 cm
and AB = 13 cm.

Calculate the shaded area. Use 𝜋 = 3.142. (3 marks)

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SECTION II – 50 Marks
Answer any five questions in this section.
17. The table below shows income tax rates for the year 2020
Taxable income Tax Rate
(Ksh. per month) (% per Ksh)

1 – 15000 0
15001 – 27000 10
27001 – 37000 15
37001 – 45000 20
45001 – 50000 25
Above 50000 30

In June 2022, Eric earned a basic salary of Ksh. 34320. In addition, he was entitled to a house
allowance of Ksh. 12000 per month and medical allowance of Ksh. 6450. He also has a non-
taxable risk allowance of Ksh. 6000 per month. He contributes to a provident fund of Ksh. 7500.
He also has tax relief of Ksh. 1180 monthly.

(a) Calculate Eric’s taxable income in that month. (2 marks)

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(b) Calculate Eric’s Pay As You Earn for June 2022. (5 marks)

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18. The table below shows the frequency distribution of the heights of 100 seedlings in a tree
nursery.
Number of seedlings
Midpoint
𝑥 − 55.5
Height (cm) (𝑓) (𝑥) 𝑑= 𝑓𝑑 𝑓𝑑 2
10
1 – 10 3
11 – 20 5
21 – 30 8
31 – 40 11
41 – 50 12
51 – 60 18
61 – 70 20
71 – 80 10
81 – 90 7
91 – 100 6
Ʃ𝑓 = 100 Ʃ𝑓𝑑 = Ʃ𝑓𝑑 2 =

(a) Complete the table (4 marks)

(b) State the modal class (1 mark)

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(c) Calculate
(i) Mean (2 marks)

(ii) standard deviation (3 marks)

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19. A farm is quadrilateral in shape with vertices at A, B, C and D such that B is 160 metres from A
on a bearing of 0900. C is 140 metres from A on a bearing of 1300, and D is 260 metres to the
west of C and on a bearing of 2400 from A
(a) Sketch the relative positions of A, B, C and D. (1 mark)

(b) Calculate:
(i) The distance BC, correct to 1 decimal place. (3 marks)

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(ii) The bearing of C from D to the nearest degree. (3 marks)

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20. The grid below shows the unit square OIKJ such that O(0, 0), I(1, 0), K(1, 1) and J(0, 1)

(b) O′I′K′J′ is the image OIKJ after a transformation M such that O′(0, 0), I′(4, 0), K′(4, 1) and
J′(0, 1)
(i) On the same grid, draw O′I′K′J′ (1 mark)

(ii) Describe fully the transformation M. (3 marks)

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(iii) Find the matrix of M. (1 mark)

1 0
(c)O′′I′′K′′J′′ is the image of O′I′K′J′ under a transformation described by the matrix ( )
0 4
(i) Find the coordinates of O′′I′′K′′J′′ (2 marks)

(ii) On the same grid, draw O′′I′′K′′J′′ (1 mark)

(d) Describe a single transformation that maps OIKJ onto O′′I′′K′′J′′. (2 marks)

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21. (a) Complete the table given below for the functions 𝑦 = −3 cos 2𝑥 and 𝑦 =
3 0
2 sin ( 𝑥 + 30) for 00 ≤ x ≤ 1800 (2 marks)
2
0
𝑥 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
−3 cos 2𝑥 −3.00 1.50 2.82 2.82 −0.52 −2.30
0
3
2 sin ( 𝑥 + 30) 1.00 2.00 1.73 0.00 −1.00 −1.73
2
3 0
(b) Using the grid provided, draw the graphs of 𝑦 = −3 cos 2𝑥 and 𝑦 = 2 sin ( 𝑥 + 30) for
2
00≤x≤ 1800on the same pair of axes. Take 1cm to represent 200 on the 𝑥 − axis and 2cm to
represent 1 unit on the 𝑦 − axis. (5 marks)

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(c) From the graphs in (b) above, find;
3 0
(i) the period of 𝑦 = 2 sin ( 𝑥 + 30) (1 mark)
2

3 0
(ii) the values of 𝑥 given that 2 sin ( 𝑥 + 30) + 3 cos 2𝑥 = 0 (2 marks)
2

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22. Awuor was paid an initial salary of Kshs. 180000 per annum with a fixed annual increment.
Wasonga was paid and initial salary of Kshs. 150000 per annum with a 10% increment
compounded annually.
(a) Given that Awuor’s annual salary in the 11th year was Kshs. 288,000, determine:
(i) Her annual increment. (2 marks)

(ii) The total amount of money Awuor earned during the 11 years. (2 marks)

(b) Determine Wasonga’s monthly earning, correct to the nearest 10 shillings during the 11 th year
(3 marks)

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23. In the triangle ABC shown below, 𝐀𝐁 = 𝒂 and 𝐀𝐂 = 𝒄. Point M lies on AB such that AM:
MB=2: 3 and point N lies on AC such that AN: NC = 5: 1. Lines BN and MC at X

(a) Express the following in terms of 𝒂 and 𝒄;

(i) BN; (1 mark)

(ii) CM. (1 mark)

(b) Given further that 𝐁𝐗 = ℎ𝐁𝐍 and 𝐂𝐗 = 𝑘𝐂𝐌 where ℎ and 𝑘 are constants
(i) Write two different expressions for AX in terms of 𝒂, 𝒄, ℎ and 𝑘. (4 marks)

(ii) Hence find the values of ℎ and 𝑘. (4 marks)

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24. The figure below shows a right pyramid VABCD standing on a rectangular base of length 10 cm
and width 8 cm. The diagonals of the base intersect at O and M is the midpoint of BC. The
vertical height OP of the pyramid is 12 cm and that all the slant edges are equal.

Calculate correct to 2 decimal places:

(a) The length of VM, (2 marks)

(b) (i)State the projection of VB on the plane ABCD. (1 mark)

(ii) Calculate the angle VB makes with the plane ABCD. (3 marks)

(c) The angle between planes VAD and ABCD. (2 marks)

(d) The volume of the pyramid. (2 marks)

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
COMPUTER STUDIES
451/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

Instruction to candidates
(a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
(b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided
(c) This paper consists of two sections: A and B
(d) Answer all the questions in section A
(e) Answer question 16 and other three questions from section B
(f) All answers should be written in the spaces provided on the question paper.
(g) Candidates should answer the questions in English.
For Examiner’s Use Only
Section Question Maximum Score Score

A 1-15 40
16 15
17 15
B 18 15
19 15
20 15
Total Score

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Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. List any THREE examples of Database packages popularly in use today. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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2. List any TWO functions of the Control Unit (2 marks)

3. Mobile devices such as Smartphones and Tablets use an operating system.

List any THREE types of operating system found in mobile devices. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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4. A group of students are producing a class newsletter which they will email to parents of students
in the class. The students have decided to use a smartphone. Data for the newsletter will be
input, stored and output by the smartphone.
Identify any TWO devices that are part of the smartphone that could be used to input the data for
the newsletter. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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5. Many books contain a gutter margin. Explain gutter margin as used in word processing.(2mrks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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6. a) Distinguish between General Purpose computers and Special Purpose Computers (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) Define toggle keys found on a standard keyboard, giving any TWO examples (2 marks)
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7. Ujuzi High School is about to set up a computer Laboratory. Advise them on three measures to
take in order to ensure proper ventilation in the Room. (3 marks)
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8. a) Define Virtual Memory.

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b) Name any ONE place where virtual memory may be found in a computer. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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9. List any THREE differences between Cathode Ray Tube Monitors and Flat Panel Monitors
(3 marks)
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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10. a). One of the factors to consider when purchasing computer hardware is warranty. List any
TWO contents of a warranty. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b). Distinguish between portability and compatibility as used in computer hardware. (2 marks)
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11. A computer studies student is creating a movie, in school, for a project. He needs to take the
movie home to edit it. The student decided to use solid-state memory card (SSD card) to
transport the movie files. The student is unable to save the work on the memory card.
Give any TWO error messages that may appear when attempting to save the work. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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12. Mention any TWO advantages of serial cables over parallel cables for data transmission.
(2 marks)
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13. List any TWO ways that text can be made to fit in a text box in desktop publishing software
(2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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14. List any TWO application areas of artificial intelligence (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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15. a). State any TWO functions of system software (2marks)

b). Differentiate between freeware and shareware with reference to software. (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B (60 Marks)

Answer question 16 and any other three questions in this section in the spaces provided
16. a) State any TWO differences between syntax error and logical error as used in programming.
(4 marks)
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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b) The Figure below shows flowchart used to find the sum of even numbers in the first 10 natural
numbers. Study it and use it to answer questions that follow.

Determine the output from the flowchart. Show your working. (4 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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i) Write a pseudo code for the flowchart above. (7 marks)

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17. a) List any TWO reasons why binary systems are used in computers. (2 marks)
b) i) Convert 93CADF16 to its binary equivalent (2 marks)
ii) Use the two’s compliment to solve: -3710 + 5110 (4 marks)
iii) Convert 10111111.011112 to its Octal equivalent (2 marks)
c) Give any TWO characteristics of a good system analyst. (2 marks)
d). Describe the THREE components of an expert system (3 marks)

18. Lawino opened her flash disk in one of the school’s computers using drive F. she had saved her
work in a folder named “MINE”. This folder has subfolders for PICTURES, PERSONAL and
AUDIO. In PERSONAL subfolder, there are files such as MyDocs.xlt and FamilyDocs.pff,
while in PICTURES there are subfolders such as OFFICE and CHURCH.
a) i) Draw a directory tree structure for Lawino. (2 marks)
ii) In CHURCH subfolder there is a file named OldPicture.jpg. Write a path to this file. (2 marks)
ii) She opened the file OldPicture.jpg, then decided to delete it. Explain what would happen.
(2 marks)
b) i) One classification of operating systems according to user-interface is menu driven. Explain
menu driven. (2 marks)
ii) Describe, with the help of an example, transcription errors. (3 marks)
c) In the academic office of our school, there is a master file and a reference file.
i) Distinguish between a master file and a reference file. (2 marks)
ii) For each of the files above (i), name any TWO pieces of information that can be held in each of
them in relation to school. (2 marks).
19. (a)(i) The formula B2+$C$2 was entered in cell D2 then copied to cell F2. Show the new
formula in cell F2 and give a reason for your answer.. (2 marks)
(ii) State the meaning of each of the following terms as used in spreadsheets:
(A) Countif ( ) (2 marks)
(B) Max ( ) (2 marks)
(b)(i) Explain two types of documentation produced when developing a system by a system analyst.
(2 marks)
(c)Nosim has developed a computerized system for a school and currently in its change over
stage, where the new system is introduced in a department then tested to ascertain its

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effectiveness and once its performance is satisfactory it is implemented in the entire
organization.
(i) Identify the changeover strategy used. (1 mark)
(ii) Explain any TWO advantages of the changeover strategy identified in (i)above. (4 marks)
20. Arosy bought a smartphone. Smartphones can be connected using wired or wireless methods.
a) i) Give two disadvantages, to Arosy, of using a wired method to connect to the smartphone.
(2marks)
ii) Give two disadvantages to Arosy of using a wireless method to connect to the smartphone.
(2marks)
b) The diagram shows how a network is connected to the internet.
i) Identify the hardware device labelled A on the diagram.

Device A (1 mark)
ii) Identify any TWO types of connections that can be used to connect the company network to the
internet. (2marks)
c) i) What is an ISP? (2 Marks)
ii) Give four examples of ISPs. (2 Marks)
d) Security solutions prevent read and write access to data, which provides very strong protection
against tampering and unauthorized acess.
Explain the following terminology as used in data security (4 Marks)
i) Cypher text
ii). Piracy

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
COMPUTER STUDIES
451/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

Instruction to candidates
1. Type your name and index number at the top right hand corner of each print out
2. Sign and write the date of the examination below the name and the index number on each
printout
3. Write your name and index number on the compact disks
4. Write the name and the version of the software used for each question attempted in the answer
sheet
5. Passwords should not be used for each question attempted in the answer sheet
6. Answer all the questions
7. All questions carry equal marks
8. All answers must be saved in your compact disks
9. Make printout of the answers on the answer sheets provided
10. Hand in all the printouts and compact disks
11. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated
and no questions are missing

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Question 1
Mobility Tax service limited is a company that deals with taxis service within KASSU city. Drivers
are paid commission based on number of trips and kilometres covered. The company manager
has requested you to assist develop a database to store the details of their drivers.
a) Open a database program and create a database named Mobility. [1mark]
b) Create two tables named CarDetails and DriverDetails from the following details. [12marks]
Field Name Data Type and Properties
Trips Number (size 2)
Reg_No Text (size12)
Car_Type Text (size 25)
Emp_No Text (size 12)
Phone Number (Format the number to start with 0)
Distance Number
Charges Currency (format=Kshs, decimal Places=2)
Name Text (size 25)
Male Yes/No

c) Create appropriate relationships among the tables and enforce referential integrity. [3marks]
d) Create a form for CarDetails table and add a Subform for the DriverDetails table. save the form
as DataEntry [8marks]
e) Enter the above data using the forms created in (d) above [10marks]
f) Create a query to display EmpNo, Name, Car_Type and Male for Female drivers whos names
contain letter “i”. Save the query as Qry_Female. [3marks]
g) Create query to calculate commission earned by each driver given that a driver earns 20% of the
total amount charged by a vehicle. Save query as Qry_Comm. [5marks]
h) Create a report based on Car_Type showing total distance covered. Save report as CarType
[4marks]
i) Print:
i) CarDetails and DriverDetails tables [2marks]
ii) Qry_Comm query [1mark]
iii) CarType report [1mark]

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Question 2
Design a publication to appear as indicated above using the following instructions.

(a) Launch the DTP package and set the page designs as; (2 marks)
i. Layout landscape
ii. Measurements to centimeters
iii. Margins 2cm on all sides.
(b) Save the publication as kassucity. (1 marks)
(c) All text font styles are Calibri, Font size 20 unless otherwise stated (29 marks)
(d) Frame border (4 marks)
i. Size height 17cm by width 24cm
ii. Fill colour light green, tint 50%
iii. Line/stroke light blue
iv. Weight 3pt
(e) The main heading to have the following styles; (4 marks)
i. Text centered
ii. Font Bodoni MT black
iii. Font size 36
iv. Background 2cm by 20 cm
(f) Second heading (2 marks)
i. Font style bookman old style
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ii. Font size 26
(g) Side heading (2 marks)
i. Background 1cm by 15cm
ii. Font style Calibri
(h) Third heading (1 mark)
i. Font style Arial black
(i) Star (1 mark)
i. rotation 320 degrees
(j) Packages (3 marks)
i. rotation 320 degrees
ii. Font style Arial narrow
iii. Stroke weight 1pt
(k) Contact (1 mark)
i. Font style Arial black
(l) Print the publication (1 mark)
(50 marks)

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
HOME SCIENCE
441/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

Instructions to candidates
a) Write your name and admission no in the spaces provided.
b) Answer all the questions in section A and B and any two from section C.
c) Answers to all questions must be written in the spaces provided.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY.

Section Question Maximum score Candidates score

A 1-40 40

B 41 20

C 42-44 40
Total score 100

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
SECTION A (40 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
1. State two disadvantages of stewing food (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Name two milk products that should be wrapped in grease proof papers and stored on the top
shelf of the refrigerator (1mk)
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Define the term cooking (1mk)

4. Mention two reasons for preserving food (1mk)

5. Give two importance of blanching vegetables (1mk)

6. List two categories of convenience foods (1mk)

7. Pinpoint two methods of reheating food (1mk)

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8. Mention two styles of service that are commonly practiced (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Mention the two classifications of vitamins (1mk)

10. Give two reasons for food fortification (1mk)

11. Give a reason as to why ironing boards have sleeve boards attached to them (1mk)
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………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Name two materials used to make hangers (1mk)

13. Mention two qualities of a good toilet/bathing soap (1mk)

14. List down two uses of starch on fabrics (1mk)

15. Maisonettes commonly share walls, give two examples of such maisonettes (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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16. Name two examples of fixed dirt (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. List two categories of hard furnishings (1mk)

18. Natural lights or sunlight enters the house through (1mk)

19. Mention two importance of social preparation of an expectant mother (1mk)

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20. List two points to consider when choosing a weaning food (1mk)
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21. State two negative effects of advertisements on consumer (1mk)

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22. Name two forms of advertisement (1mk)
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23. Describe versatility as a principle of wise buying (1mk)

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24. Define simple-non- instalment credit (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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25. Name two family financial goals (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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26. Consumers rights must be safe guarded, name two of such rights (1mk)
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27. When buying goods and services, an invoice or receipt is always issued, what two information
is a must in the document above mention (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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28. State the roles of food and drugs act (1mk)
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29. Give two reasons for having a sleeve on garments (1mk)
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30. Highlight two methods used to attach collars to the neckline (1mk)
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31. Name two parts of a garment whose method of preparation and attachment is similar (1mk)
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32. Slip hemming is suitable for delicate fabrics, mostly used on ladies garments, give two such
examples of fabrics (1mk)
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33. Mention the two layers of a pleat (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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34. Give two uses of temporary stitches (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

35. State the function of each of the parts of a sewing machine (1mk)
a) Stop motion screw
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b) Balance wheel
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

36. Define cellulosic fibers (1mk)

37. Give two examples of regenerated fibers (1mk)

38. Mention two types of patches used in repair of garments (1mk)

39. Give a reason why overlaid seam is not suitable on heavy fabrics (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

40. Highlight two pattern markings that are not transferred during garment construction (1mk)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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SECTION B
(Answer all the questions in the spaces provided)
41. Describe how to carry out the following home management tasks
a.) Describe how to lauder and starch a white cotton table napkin (10mks)
b.) Clean an oily hair brush (5mks)
c.) Dust a dining table after sweeping (5mks)

SECTION C: 40 MARKS
Answer any two questions in these section
42.a.) State and explain 4 methods of steaming food (4mks)
b.) Explain four ways of conserving energy at home (4mks)
c.) Explain four ways on how a parent can help a child play and learn properly (4mks)
d.) State four functions of Kenya Consumer Association in catering for the needs of the consumers
(4mks)
e.) State four qualities of a well-made cuff (4mks)

43.a.) State and explain four points to consider when planning and packing meals for picnic (4mks)
b.) Explain how to take care of plastic equipment at home to avoid damaging them (4mks)
c.) Describe how to meet the emotional needs of a patient recuperating at home (4mks)
d.) State and explain four importance of budgeting to a student with pocket money (4mks)
e.) Discuss four points to observe when taking body measurements (4mks)

44.a.) State four considerations to be observed when preserving food in glass containers (4mks)
b.) State four points to consider when choosing flowers for an upcoming co-operate event (4mks)
c.) Briefly explain how to hang clothes when the only option available is the use of a hanger in your
mother’s bedroom (4mks)
d.) Discuss the four sources of information for the consumer (4mks)
e.) Identify four reasons for the management of fullness in garment construction (4mks)

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
HOME SCIENCE
441/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

CONFIDENTIAL
HOMESCIENCE 441/2 (PRACTICAL)
CLOTHING CONSTRUCTION

Materials to be provided
1. Plain light weight fabric 55cm long by 90cm
2. Sewing thread to match
3. Paper Pattern KCSE 2015 At Thika Gracious Printers (0723 053 947)

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
HOME SCIENCE
441/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

441/2
HOMESCIENCE
PAPER 2
CLOTHING CONSTRUCTION
TIME: 2 ½ HRS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. The paper consists of three pages
2. Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated
and that no questions are missing.
3. Candidates must use the machine stitches appropriately in the construction of the garment
4. Hand stitches used instead of machine stitches will not be marked
5. .Hand stitches will only be allowed for hemming and tacking stitches as required.

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
HOME SCIENCE
441/3
PAPER 3
TIME: 1¾ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

Instructions to Candidates
(a) This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
(b) Answer all questions in section A, three from Section B and two from Section C.
(c) Answers to all the questions must be written legibly in the answer booklet provided.
(d) This paper consists of three printed pages
(f) Candidates should answer the questions in English

For Examiner’s Use Only

Section Questions Maximum Candidate’s score
score
A 1-17 25

B 18 -21 45

C 22-24 30

Total score

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THE TEST
Your grandfather will pay a visit at your home while your parents are away. Using ALL the
ingredients listed below, prepare, cook, and present a one-course lunch for both of you. In
addition include a nourishing drink.
Ingredients
 Potatoes/Rice/ maize meal flour
 Liver / minced beef
 Tomatoes
 Onions
 Dhania
 Carrots
 Hoho
 Green leafy vegetables
 Fruit in season
 Milk
 Sugar
 Salt
Planning session: 30 minutes
Use separate sheets of paper for each task listed below and use carbon paper to make duplicate
copies then proceed as follows:
1. Identify the dishes and write down their recipes.
2. Write down your order of work
3. Make a list of the foodstuff and equipment you will require.

THIS IS THE LAST PAGE PRINTED

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KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
314/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Candidates must check the paper to ascertain that all pages are printed and no
question is missing
b) Answer any five questions in the foolscaps provided.
c) All answers must be written in English.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 Totals

Maximum 20 20 20 20 20 20 100
Score
Candidate’s
Score

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Answer any five questions in the foolscaps provided.
1.a) State the significance of Ayatul kursy. (7 marks)
b) Explain reasons why the Quran was not compiled during the time of the prophet. (8 marks)
c) Give five reasons why the Quran was revealed in Arabic and in Arabia. (5 marks)

2. a) Highlight the teachings of Suratul Asr. (10 marks)

b) Give five differences between tafseer and translation of the Quran. (10marks)

3 a) Discuss reasons why the prophet discouraged writing of Hadith during his time. (8 marks)
b) Describe factors that made the study and collection of Hadith successful. (7marks)
c) Identify the subject matter of Hadith Qudsy. (5 marks)

4 a) Explain the types of fasting. (5 marks)

b) Mention the circumstances that make Ghusl compulsory. (7 marks)
c) Identify people on whom Friday prayer is not compulsory. (8 marks)

5 a) Which are the things forbidden while in the state of Ihram. (6 marks)
b) Outline the functions of the chief Qadhi in Kenya. (8 marks)
c) State the reasons for asking Tawbah. (6 marks)

6a)Outline the different interpretations of Imamah. (8 marks)

b) Highlight the characteristics of prophets. (5 marks)
c) Discuss the significance of Tawheed. (10 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
KCSE 2025 NAIROBI CLUSTER MOCK
KCSE EXAM SERIES 2
ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
314/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2½ HOURS
NAME………………………………………………………………………………………..

SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN……………………………

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO………………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

Question 1 2 3 4 5 6 Totals

Maximum 20 20 20 20 20 20 100
Score
Candidate’s
Score

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
Answer any five questions in the foolscaps provided.
1 a) Explain circumstances under which Islam can allow abortion. (10marks)
b) Describe the ideal dress of a muslim woman. (10marks)

2 a) Discuss the stand of muslims on slavery. (8marks)

b) How can a strong muslim family contribute to the development.
of a community. (6marks)
c) Highlight possible reasons whereby a wife can ask for a Fasikh divorce. (6marks)

3 a) What are the possible remedies for corruption? (8 marks)

b) Give reasons why hoarding is prohibited in Islam. (6 marks)
c) State the conditions for Wasiyyah. (6 marks)

4 a) Discuss the importance of the two covenant of Aqabah. (10 marks)

b) What are the results of the treaty of Hudaibiyyah. (10 marks)

5 a) Discuss lessons a muslim leader can learn from Abu Bakr’s speech when he was
elected a Caliph. (10 marks)
b) Outline the moral qualities of the prophet (p.b.u.h) which muslims should strive
to uphold. (10 marks)

6 a) Discuss the contributions Ibn Sina made towards philosophy. (10 marks)
b) What were the views of Ibn Khaldun on writing History? (10 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000
THE END

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