Language revision

Grade 11 collaborative
Group 1 Group 1 Group 1 Group 1

Tazara Andiswa Lethabo Reitumetsi

Group 2 Group 2 Group 2 Group 2

Mnene Siyamthanda Daniel Ahmed

Group 3 Group 3 Group 3 Group 3

Tyrese Ntsako Ntokozo Keith

Group 4 Group 4 Group 4 Group 4

Ntandokazi Siphoesihle Bohlale Ayanda

Group 5 Group 5 Group 5 Group 5

Kamogelo Kananelo Ryan Motheo

Group 6 Group 6 Group 6 Group 6 Group 6

Luyanda Rhulani Thembelihle Onke Precious

Group 7 Group 7 Group 7 Group 7

Zazi Omfile Thabisile Amahle

Group 1 Parts of speech

Group 2 Punctuation marks

First slide:
Group 3 Active and passive voice
Study notes, definition, explanation

Group 4 Direct and indirect speech Second slide: Activity with at least 5
questions

Group 5 Split infinitives, comma

splice errors

Group 6 Malapropism, Ambiguity

Group 7 Tautology/ redundancy,

concord
Parts of speech: NOTES
Noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction, preposition, article, interjection

Noun: a naming word (eg. London, chair, Mrs Tewson)

Pronoun: stands in place of a noun (he, us, her)
Adjective: describes a noun. The talented boy plays with the pretty girl.
Verb: is a doing/action word (run, work, cry)
Adverb: tells us about/describes the verb (he runs fast. She plays happily.)
Conjunction: is a joining word (and, although, because)
Preposition: words that show where something/someone is (in, behind, under)
Article: The words ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ which precede nouns or adjectives. (John won a prize -
indefinite. Paul won the History prize - definite)
Parts of speech: ACTIVITY
1. Identify the adverb of manner in this sentence:
We ran fast at the athletics meeting yesterday.
2. Identify the part of speech: music-making
3. Underline the verb in this sentence
We work in the mornings, we play sport in the afternoons and we study in the
afternoon.
4. Circle the conjunction in the following sentence:
SHe went to school, although she was feeling ill.
5. Circle the pronoun in the following sentence:
Mary is given homework everyday and she does it diligently.
Punctuation
Parentheses, apostrophe, semi-colon, colon, hyphen, dash, ellipsis

● PARENTHESIS: ()

Purpose: used to enclose additional or clarifying information.

Example: “the dog (a golden retriever) barked loudly”

● APOSTROPHE: ‘

Purpose: To indicate position or ownership

Example: “The dog's tail wagged”

● SEMI COLON ;

Purpose: to separate itrms in a list that have commas

Example: I went to the store; I bought eggs and milk

● COLON

Purpose: to separate minutes and hours in time notation

Example: it's 3:30 pm

 ● Hyphen -
Purpose: to connect compound words
Example: this is a self-driving car

● Dash _
Purpose:to indicate a sudden break in thought or speech

● Elipsis …
Purpose: to indicate an omission of words
Example: he said “...and then I woke up”

Activity:
*Punctuation Guide Activity*
Directions: Choose the correct punctuation mark to complete each sentence.
1. I had eggs toast and orange juice for breakfast _______
(Insert: comma (,), period (.), or semicolon (;))
1. The teacher asked John "What is your favorite subject _______"
(Insert: question mark (?), period (.), or exclamation mark (!))
1. I love reading books especially novels written by J K Rowling _______
(Insert: comma (,), semicolon (;), or colon (:))
Active and passive voice
Passive voice:
The passive voice is a grammatical construction where the subject of the sentence
is acted upon by the verb. In other words, the focus in on the action and the
recipient of the action, rather than on who or what is performing the action.

Examples:
Active voice: “The chef cooked the meal.”
Passive voice: “The meal was cooked by the chef.”
Active voice
● Active voice is a grammatical structure where the subject of the sentence
performs the action of the verb. This makes sentences clearer and more
direct.
● For example:
● Active voice: The cat chased the mouse.
Identify the passive voice
Which of the following sentences is in the passive voice?

A) The chef cooked a delicious meal.

B) A delicious meal was cooked by the chef.
C) The children played in the park.
D) The artist painted a beautiful picture.
Identify the active voice
Which of the following sentences is in the active voice?

A) The book was read by Maria.

B) Maria read the book.
C) The cake was baked by John.
D) The song was sung by the choir.
Choose the correct form
Which sentence is in the passive voice?

A) The cat caught the mouse.

B) The mouse was caught by the cat.
C) The students finished the project.
D) The project was finished by the students.

Identify the voice:

Determine whether the following sentence is in the active or passive voice:

“The novel was praised by critics.”

The difference
In your own words, explain the difference between active and passive voice.

Provide an example for each.

Transform and analyse

Take the sentence “The storm damaged the house” and transform it into passive
voice. Analyse how the change affects the emphasis of the sentence.
Direct and indirect speech

● Direct speech uses quotation marks to indicate the exact words spoken.
● Example: “She said I am going to the store.”
● Indirect speech does not use quotation and often changes the tense of the
original speech
● Example: She said that she was going to the store.
● Direct speech uses the exact words of the speaker
● Indirect speech has many changes that occur when you convert it from direct
to indirect speech.
Direct and indirect speech Activity
Change the following sentence to indirect speech.

1. She has written three letters for her friend.

2. I can speak English
3. I have to submit this assignment by 3pm tomorrow
4. I will finish my report in two days
5. I may invite them to dinners
Split infinitive
•A split infinitive is a grammatical construction where an adverb or another word
is inserted between the two parts of an infinitive verb, phrase typically “to” and the
verb itself

Example: “I wanted to slowly eat my dinner” (The adverb “slowly” splits the
infinitive “to eat”)
 SPLIT INFINITIVE QUESTIONS:
1.Identify the split infinitive in the following sentence.

“I wanted to slowly eat my dinner”.

2. Rewrite the sentence to avoid the split initiative: “The teacher asked the
students to quickly finish their homework.”

3. Create your own sentence usuling split initiative

Comma splice error
A comma splice error occurs when sentences or independent clauses are
improperly connected by a comma alone.

Splice Errors: The clouds were dark, we thought it would rain. I bought a coat,
however, it did not fit. Correcting Fused Sentences and Comma Splices.

● Comma Splice: I enjoy amusement parks, I didn't have fun at Great America.
● Corrected: I enjoy amusement parks, but I didn't have fun at Great America
● Fused Sentence: My mom made dinner I ate at home.
● Corrected: My mom made dinner, so I ate at home.
Questions on comma splice error
1. Identify the comma Splice error in the sentence:” I went to the store ,I bought
some milk.”
2. Correct the comma Splice error in the sentence:”The teacher gave us
homework, we were very tired. “
3. Create your own sentence with a comma splice error
Malapropism

•A malapropism is the unintentional use of incorrect, similar sounding

words.
•The speaker often uses language above his or her understanding in
order to impress.
•E.g. The Weatherman said there was a 90% chance of participation
this afternoon.
In this example “participation” is used instead of “precipitation”
Identity and correct the malapropism in the paragraph
below

Phila was a criminal. He got charged on the alligators

of theft. He was sentenced to “25 years” in prism, he
was not granted bail. His mom cried a river of tires
and couldn’t bare the thought of her son going to jail.
Ambiguity
•A word or expression that can be understood in two or more possible
ways
•Ambiguity occurs when an expression or idea is unclear or open to
multiple interpretations
•E.g when someone opens a gift and responds with a simple “OH, you
shouldn’t have”, it creates an ambiguous situation
•The giver might be left wondering whether recipient genuinely likes the
gift and feels overwhelmed, or if they are being polite despite no liking
the present
 Give both interpretations of the two
sentences below

1. I looked over my shoulder and saw her

duck
2. Call me a taxi please!!
 ● Tautology- the use of the two phrases with
similar meaning in the same sentence/
paragraph.
○ Example:
○ “He died in a fatal accident"

Tautology and
Redundancy ● Redundancy- the use of two different words
with the same meaning in a
sentence/paragraph
○ Example:
e.g. For the assignment to be successful we need
○ “It was adequate enough”
to cooperate together

Redundancy/ Tautology- the use of a phrase and

word with similar meanings in a
sentence/paragraph.
Activity:
1. Write the tautology/redundancy found in the sentences
"In my opinion, I think": "In my opinion" and "I think" are two ways of saying the same thing.

"A free gift": "Gift" is defined as free, but the repetition is used to indicate that there are no hidden conditions.

"Either it is or it isn't": A common tautological expression.

"The burning in her heart was like a fire spreading": "Burning" is defined as a fire spreading, so this sentence equates two
identical ideas.

"Mark is an unmarried bachelor": A rhetorical tautology.

Concord

When the subject of a sentence and the verb of a sentence agree

● If the subject of the sentence is singular ,the verb must be singular .

● If the subject of a sentence is plural,the verb must be plural.
● e.g The pages (subject) is/ARE (verb) held together by a staple.
To decide whether the verb should be singular or plural:

•Find the subject

•Decide whether it is singular or plural
•Match the verb to the subject
E.g. I (1st person singular ) eat
You (2nd person singular) eat
Joe(he) (3rd person singular) eats
Activity
The following text has concord errors:
A group of teenagers are planning a trip to the Orange River. They have all been
excited to go but they have experience many challenges while planning. They is
excited to go canoeing. Maya’s mom feels a bit unsure about letting her go as she
are allergic to many things. No one is not going to miss out on their opportunity to
having fun.
1. How would you describe concord?
2. Fix three sentences with concord errors.
3. Is the concord correct in this sentence:
The class of students was kept in after school.