SOCIALIZATION
SOCIALIZATION IS THE
PROCESS BY WHICH
INDIVIDUALS LEARN THE
NORMS, VALUES, BELIEFS,
AND BEHAVIORS OF THEIR
SOCIETY. IT IS A LIFELONG
PROCESS THAT BEGINS AT
BIRTH AND CONTINUES
THROUGHOUT OUR LIVES.
Primary
socialization
Primary socialization is the initial stage of
socialization that occurs during childhood.
It is the most crucial stage, as it lays the
foundation for our personality, values, and
beliefs.
Secondary
socialization
Secondary socialization occurs after
primary socialization, usually during
adolescence and adulthood. It involves
learning new norms, values, and behaviors
within specific social settings or
institutions.
Agents of
socialization
1. Family
2. Media
3. Peers
4. Religion
Family
Family - this is the process by which
individuals learn the norms, values, beliefs,
and behaviors of their family, which in turn
shapes of their overall socialization and
development.
Media
print, encompassing television, movies,
music, social media, and the internet, this
had become a powerful and pervasive agent
of socialization in modern society. It shapes
our values, beliefs, behaviors, and even our
sense of self.
Peers
For children, peer culture is an important
source of identity.
• Through interaction with peers, children
learn concepts of self, gain social
skills, and form values and attitudes.
Religion
Religion serves as a powerful and influential
agent of socialization, shaping individuals'
values, beliefs, behaviors, and
understanding of the world. And it also
provides a framework for moral guidance,
social norms, and a sense of belonging,
impacting individuals throughout their lives.
SOCIOLOGISTs’ view on socialization
Sigmund Freud said in his Psychoanalytic
Theory, he states that the unconscious mind
shapes the behavior of a person.
The unconscious mind is a vast
reservoir of thoughts, feelings,
memories, and urges that operate
outside of our conscious awareness.
Jean Piaget also said in his Cognitive
Development theory that socialization happens in
different stages of our mind’s development, from
infancy to adolescence or adulthood.
the process of learning the norms, values,
and behaviors of our society, is a lifelong
journey that unfolds in stages, mirroring the
development of our minds.
Lawrence Kohlberg in his Moral
Development Theory stated that moral
development is a continual process
that occurs throughout our lifespan.
Moral development is the process of
learning and internalizing what is
considered right and wrong in a society. It's
a journey that starts in childhood and
continues throughout life, shaping our
values, beliefs, and behaviors.
George Herbert Mead’s theory of the social
self states that the self emerges from social
interactions.
The concept of "self" refers to our
individual sense of identity, who we believe
we are, and how we perceive ourselves in
relation to the world.
Charles Cooley’s Theory of Looking-Glass
Self also tells us that we learn to take the
role of others.
This is the ability to understand and
anticipate the perspectives and behaviors
of others, is a fundamental part of
socialization.
DEVIANCE, crimes, social control
Deviance is a sociological concept that
refers to any behavior, belief, or condition
that violates the norms, values, or
expectations of a society or social group.
Deviance can range from something minor,
such as a traffic violation, something in
major like murder etc.
Meaning of deviance
Deviance, This refers to any behavior,
belief, or condition that goes against the
norms, values, or expectations of a
particular society or social group.
Social control
Social control refers to the mechanisms
that societies use to regulate and maintain
order among their members.
Crime
A crime is an act or omission that is
prohibited and punished by law. It is
considered a violation of the law and can
result in serious consequences, including
fines, imprisonment, or even death penalty
in some cases.
That’s all.
Thankyou!
