Carnegie Mellon

Linux Boot Camp

Jenna MacCarley, Peter Pearson, Shashank Goyal

9/19/2015
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Connecting
SSH
Windows users: PuTTY
(http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html)
Mac/Linux users: Use ‘ssh’ command at terminal
ssh [email protected]

Files
Windows: Tectia file transfer
Mac/Linux users: Use ‘scp’ command at terminal:
scp –r [email protected]:~private/myfolder /some/local/folder
scp myfile.c [email protected]:~private/myfolder
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A message from Peter….
FOR THE LOVE OF ALL
THAT IS HOLY AND
SACRED, USE THE
SHARK MACHINES FOR
ALL OF YOUR
ASSIGNMENTS
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Welcome!
$ ls
$ cd private
$ mkdir 15-213
$ cd 15-213
$ mv ~/Downloads/datalab-handout.tar .
$ tar xvf datalab-handout.tar
$ cd datalab-handout
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Some Nice Terminal Shortcuts

■ Pressing tab will autocomplete file and folder names!
■ Control+C will stop execution of your current program!
■ Control+R will let you search your command history!
■ Control+L will clear your screen!
■ cmd arg1 … argN > file1.txt will put the output of
cmd into file1.txt!
■ cmd arg1 … argN < file2.txt will pull the input of
cmd from file2.txt!
■ Use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through your
command history!
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Linux file pathing

■ ~ is your HOME DIRECTORY
■ This is where you start from after you SSH in
■ On bash, you can also use $HOME
■ . is an alias for your PRESENT WORKING
DIRECTORY!
■ .. is the file path for the PARENT DIRECTORY of
your present working directory!
■ / is the file path for the TOP-LEVEL DIRECTORY
■ You probably won’t use this too much in this class
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ls <dir> - LiSt
■ Lists the files in the present working directory, or, if
specified, dir.
■ pwd tells you your Present Working Directory.
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cd <directory> - Change Directory

■ Changes your present working directory to
directory
■ Your main tool for navigating a unix file system
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mkdir <dirname> - MaKe DIRectory

■ Makes a directory dirname in your present working
directory.
■ Directories and folders are the same thing!
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mv <src> <dest> - MoVe

■ cp works in exactly the same way, but copies instead
■ for copying folders, use cp -r
■ dest can be into an existing folder (preserves
name), or a file/folder of a different name
■ Also used to re-name files without moving them
■ src can be either a file or a folder
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tar <options> <filename> - Tape ARchive

■ Compression utility, similar to zip files on Windows
■ For full list of options, see man tar
■ As name suggests, was used on tapes!
■ x - extract, v - verbose, f - file input
■ All of our handouts will be in tar format.
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chmod <permissions> <src>

■ chmod is used to change the permissions of a file or
directory.
■ 777 will give all permissions
■ src can be either a file or a folder
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scp <src> <dest>

■ Allows files to be copied to/from or between different
hosts.
■ The full path to the remote host needs to be
specified
■ Use the -r option to copy folders
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rm <file1> <file2> … <filen> - ReMove

■ Essentially the delete utility
■ To remove an (empty) directory, use rmdir
■ To remove a folder and its contents, use rm -rf
▪ Please be careful, don’t delete your project.
▪ There is no “Trash” here. It’s gone.
▪ If someone asks you to use rm –rf /
ignore them
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What’s in a file? (using cat)

■ cat <file1> <file2> … <filen> lets you
display the contents of a file in the terminal window.
■ Use cat -n to add line numbers!
■ You can combine multiple files into one!
■ cat <file1> … <filen> > file.txt
■ Good for seeing what’s in small files.
■ Try cat -n bits.c. Too big, right?
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What’s in a file? (using less)

■ less <file> will give you a scrollable interface for
viewing large files without editing them.
■ To find something, use /
▪ To view the next occurrence, press n
▪ To view previous occurrence, press N
■ To quit, use q
■ Try it: Type “/isPower2”
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What’s in a file? (using grep)

■ grep <pattern> <file> will output any lines of file
that have pattern as a substring
■ grep -v will output lines without pattern as substring
■ grep -R will search recursively
■ Try it: grep ‘isPower2’ bits.c
■ grep -v ‘*’ bits.c
■ grep -R ‘unsigned’ .
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man <thing>
■ What is that command? What is this C standard library
function? What does this library do? Check to see if it has a
man page!
■ Pages viewed with less
■ Try it!
■ man grep
■ man tar
■ man printf
■ man strlen
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Editors (a touchy subject)

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Vim (vi – improved) Basics

■ Some different modes:
■ Normal mode:
▪ The first mode you enter. Hit the escape key to return to this
mode at any time
▪ Everything entered here is interpreted as a command
■ Command-line mode:
▪ Used for entering editor commands (necessary to save file & quit
the editor)
▪ Enter “:” in Normal mode to get to this mode
■ Insert mode:
▪ To edit text
▪ Enter “i” in Normal mode to get to this mode
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Vim Basics
■ Useful commands:
■Copying/pasting/deleting lines:
▪ yy (yank) or 5 yy (yank next 5 lines)
▪ dd (delete) or 5 dd (delete next 5 lines)
▪ p (paste)
■ Search (/search_string or ?search_string)
■ Useful editor commands:
■Write (w)
■ Quit (q) quit no-save (q!)
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Vimrc File
■ Stores vim configuration info
■ Can make your editing experience even better!
■ Notably:
■ Smart indentation
■ Line numbers
■ Changing tabs to default to 2 or 4 spaces
■ Colors

■ To edit, type: vim ~/.vimrc

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Vim colors
■ Download a .vim color scheme file
from the web (or make your own)
■ Copy to ~/.vim/colors folder (make
this folder if it doesn’t exist)
■ Some useful places to download
color schemes:
■ http://vimcolors.com/
■ http://cocopon.me/app/vim-
color-gallery/
■ Makes your editor pretty!
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Jenna’s Vimrc File

set tabstop=2
set shiftwidth=2
set expandtab

set viminfo='100,h
colorscheme desertedocean
set number
syntax on
filetype on
filetype indent on
filetype plugin on
set smartindent
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More resources on Vim

■ A good intro tutorial:
http://www.engadget.com/2012/07/10/vim-how-to/
■ An interactive tutorial: http://www.openvim.com/
■ man vim
■ Google
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Commands related to 15-213

■ gdb, the GNU Debugger, will be used for bomb lab.
■ objdump –d displays the symbols in an executable.
■ gcc is the GNU C Compiler.
■ make reads a configuration file to run a series of
commands. Often used for compiling your programs.
■ We will provide other tools in the handouts as well
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