“Reduction In Energy Consumption”

A Submission in Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Award of Activity Points

By

Name :- HARSHA

USN :- 1IC22ME406

Under the Guidance of

Professor Ramesh Kulkarni

Bangalore, India

May 2025
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL.NO CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER

1 Introduction to energy and types 3

2 Types of Energy 4-7

3 Importance of energy conservation 8

4 Activities conducted 9-21

5 Observation & learning 22

Reference 22
 Introduction to energy
All the Earth's physical resources, for example metals in ores, water supplies and
building stone, depend on using energy to extract, process and transport them. In effect, the
ability to extract and use the Earth's physical resources depends on whether there is a ready
supply of energy at the right price. If there were a limitless supply of cheap energy wecould
turn the entire stock of all physical resources into reserves. One aim of this book,and indeed
the whole course, is to examine the limits that exist in reality: some are governed by physical
laws, others depend on economics and there are also limits posed by sustaining the Earth's
environmental conditions on which life depends.
Energy resources are all forms of fuels used in the modern world, either for heating, generation
of electrical energy, or for other forms of energy conversion processes. Energy resources can be
roughly classified in three categories: renewable, fossil, and nuclear.
Fossil energy resources are obtained from dead plant and animal deposits created over the long
history of the planet. These resources are vast, but limited, and are not renewable. Until recently
fossil fuels have provided for the majority of humanity’s energy demands. These resources
mainly include coal, oil, and natural gas.
 TYPES

Solar Energy :-
Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy.
Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source available, and the U.S.
has some of the richest solar resources in the world. Solar technologies can harness this energy
for a variety of uses, including generating electricity, providing light or a comfortable interior
environment, and heating water for domestic, commercial, or industrial use.

Wind Energy :-

Wind energy is a form of solar energy. Wind energy (or wind power) describes the process
by which wind is used to generate electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the
wind into mechanical power. A generator can convert mechanical power into electricity.
Mechanical power can also be utilized directly for specific tasks such as pumping water. The US
DOE developed a short wind power animation that provides an overview of how a wind turbine
works and describes the wind resources in the United States.
 Geothermal Energy:-
Geothermal energy is the energy that is produced from beneath the earth. It is
clean, sustainable and environmentally friendly. High temperatures are produced
continuously inside the earth’s crust by the slow delay of radioactive particles. Hot rocks
present below the earth heats up the water that produces steam. The steam is then
captured, which helps to move turbines. The rotating turbines then power the generators.
Geothermal energy can be used by a residential unit or on a large scale by an industrial
application.

Tidal Energy :-
Tidal energy uses the rise and fall of tides to convert the kinetic energy of incoming
and outgoing tides into electrical energy. The generation of energy through tidal power is
most prevalent in coastal areas. Tidal energy is one of the renewable sources of energy and
produces large energy even when the tides are at low speed. When there is anincreased
height of water levels in the ocean, tides are produced, which rush back and forth in the
ocean. In order to capture sufficient power from the tidal energy potential, the altitude of
high tide needs to be at least five meters (around 16 feet) greater than low tide.
Biomass Energy :-

Biomass energy is produced from organic material and is commonly used throughout the
world. Chlorophyll present in plants captures the sun’s energy by converting carbon dioxide
from the air and water from the ground into carbohydrates through the process of
photosynthesis. When the plants are burned, the water and carbon dioxide are again released
back into the atmosphere.

RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES:-

●​ Renewable Resources

The resources which cannot be exhausted even after continuous utilization are termed as
renewable resources. Examples of renewable resources are the sun, wind, and tidal energy.

●​ Non-Renewable Resources

The resources which cannot be immediately replaced once they are depleted are
called Non-renewable resources. Examples of Non-renewable resources include fossil fuels,
such as coal, petroleum and natural gas and rare minerals typically found in meteorites.
 Renewable Resources Non-renewable Resources

Depletion

Renewable resources cannot be depleted over Non-renewable resources deplete over time
time

Sources

Renewable resources include sunlight, water, wind Non-renewable energy includes fossil fuels
and also geothermal sources such as hot springs such as coal and petroleum.
and fumaroles

Environmental Impact

Most renewable resources have low carbon Non-renewable energy has a

emissions and low carbon footprint comparatively higher carbon footprint and
carbon emissions.

Cost

The upfront cost of renewable energy is high. –

For instance, Generating electricity using Non-renewable energy has a comparatively
technologies running on renewable energy is lower upfront cost.
costlier than generating it with fossil fuels

Infrastructure Requirements

Infrastructure for harvesting renewable energy Cost-effective and accessible

is prohibitively expensive and not easily infrastructure is available for
accessible in most countries. non-renewable energy across most
countries
Area Requirements

Requires a large land/ offshore area, especially for

wind farms and solar farms Comparatively lower area requirements
 IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY CONSERVATION
The earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs but not every man’s greed said
Gandhiji. Hard facts on why energy conservation is a must are outlined below.

●​ We use energy faster than it can be produced - Coal, oil and natural gas - the most
utilised sources take thousands of years for formation.
●​ Energy resources are limited - India has approximately 1% of world’s energy resources
but it has 16% of world population.
●​ Most of the energy sources we use cannot be reused and renewed - Non renewable
energy sources constitute 80% of the fuel use. It is said that our energy resources may
last only for another 40 years or so.
●​ We save the country a lot of money when we save energy - About 75 per cent of our
crude oil needs are met from imports which would cost about Rs.1, 50,000 crore a year
●​ We save our money when we save energy - Imagine your savings if your LPG cylinder
comes for an extra week or there is a cut in your electricity bills
●​ We save our energy when we save energy - When we use fuel wood efficiently, our fuel
wood requirements are lower and so is our drudgery for its collection
●​ Energy saved is energy generated - When we save one unit of energy, it is equivalent to
2 units of energy produced
●​ Save energy to reduce pollution - Energy production and use account to large proportion
of air pollution and more than 83 percent of greenhouse gas emissions.
 ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED
ACTIVITY 1:-

​ Survey Done on Energy Conservation

ACTIVITY 2:-

​ Game night

We planned for a game night with our family members in which no gadgets will be
used for the span of a few hours.
ACTIVITY 3 :-

​ Checklist

We created a checklist of simple ways you can conserve energy and followed the
prepared checklist for a period of one month .We took pictures.
ACTIVITY 4 :-

​ Spreading Awareness
To spread awareness we created a digital poster on REDUCTION IN ENERGY
CONSUMPTION and uploaded the digital poster on social media website
ACTIVITY 5:-

​ VISION BOARD
With the collected materials, we created vision board with recycledmaterials in
from our home.
OBSERVATION AND LEARNING:-
Using energy more efficiently is one of the fastest, most cost-effective ways to
save money, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, create jobs, and meet growing energy
demand. The many benefits of energy efficiency include:

●​ Environmental: Increased efficiency can lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

and other pollutants, as well as decrease water use.
●​ Economic: Improving energy efficiency can lower individual utility bills, create
jobs, and help stabilize electricity prices and volatility.
●​ Utility System Benefits: Energy efficiency can provide long-term benefits by
lowering overall electricity demand, thus reducing the need to invest in new
electricity generation and transmission infrastructure.

REFERENCES:-
1.​ https://www.epa.gov/statelocalenergy/local-energy-efficiency-benefits-a
nd- opportunities
2.​ https://www.ukessays.com/essays/european-studies/energy-conservation.php
3.​ https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/different-energy-sources.php
THANK YOU