SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAI RAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAI RAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Footer Page 1 of 2.
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Footer Page 2 of 2.
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, May/June 2010
Turbomachines
Note: 1. Answer any FIVEfuli questions, selecting atleast TWO
questions from Parl- A and TWO questions from Part - B.
2. Use of Thermodynamic data hand book is permitted.
1 a. Define a turbo machine. Explain the principal components of a turbo machine. (06 Marks)
b. With the help of h - s diagram, explain various efficiencies of power generating turbo
machines. (06 Marks)
c. Obtain an expression for T, using dimensional analysis, where T is the frictional torque of a
. disc of diameter D rotating at a speed N in a fluid of viscosity ~ and density p in a turbulent
flow. (08 Marks)
2 a. Representing all the components of velocity in a generalized turbo machine diagram, derive
Euler turbine equation. (06 Marks)
b. Derive an expression for the utilization factor for an axial flow impulse turbine stage which
has equiangular rotor blades, in terms of the fixed inlet blade angle and speed ratio and
show the variation of utilization factor and speed ratio in the form of a graph. (08 Marks)
c. Determine the energy input to the fluid for a mixed flow pump for the given data :
i) Inlet hub diameter = 7cm ii) Speed: 50 rps iii) Impeller tip diameter = 28cm
iv) Vaxi = V rad.out. Assume that the relative velocity at the exit equals the inlet tangential
blade speed. (06 Marks)
3 a. Define degree of reaction for an axial flow maching. Prove that degree of reaction for an
axial flow device (assuming constant velocity of flow) is given by R = Vf (tanPI + tanP2 ).
2U tanPI tanP2
(10 Marks)
b. An axial flow compressor of 50% reaction design has blades with inlet and outlet angles of
44° and 13° respectively. The compressor is to produce a pressure ratio 5 : 1 with an overall
isentropic efficiency of 87% when the inlet temp is 290K. The mean blade speed and axial
velocity are constant throughout the compressor. Assume that blade velocity is 180m/see
and work input factor is 0.85. Find the number of stages required and the change of entropy.
(10 Marks)
4 a. Derive an expression for an overall isentropic efficiency for finite number of stages of
compression in terms of pressure ratio, stage efficiency, number of stages and ratio of
specific heats for a compressor. (10 Marks)
b. In an axial flow compressor, air is taken at I bar and 288K. The delivery pressure of the
compressor is 6.4 bars. The final temperature of air is 578K. Determine the following:
i) Overall isentropic efficiency ii) Polytropic efficiency iii) Number of stages
required if the actual temp. rise per stage is limited to 14.5K assuming that the polytropic
efficiency is equal to the stage efficiency. (10 Marks)
10f2
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
5 a. With a neat sketch and velocity triangles, explain different vane shapes of the centrifugal
compressor. Draw the inlet velocity triangle assuming VUI = 0.0. (10 Marks)
b. Write a note on the following for an axial flow compressor:
i) Workdone factor ii) Radial equilibrium condition iii) Pressure ratio. (10 Marks)
6 a. Define the following terms for a centrifugal pump :
i) Manometric head ii) Manometric efficiency iii) NPSH. (06 Marks)
b. Derive an expression for the minimum starting speed for a centrifugal pump.
(06 Marks)
c. A centrifugal pump is running at 1000 rpm. The output vane angle of the impeller is 45° and
the velocity of flow at outlet is 2.5m/sec. The discharge thro' the pump is 200 lit/see when
the pump is working against the total head of 20m. If the manometric efficiency of the
pump is 80%, determine i) diameter ofthe impeller ii) width ofthe impeller at outlet.
/' (08 Marks)
7 a. Explain briefly a two stage pressure compounded impulse turbine and show the pressure
and velocity variations across the turbine. (06 Marks)
b. Prove that the maximum rotor efficiency with equiangular rotor blades for impulse turbine
is Tlrmax = Cos2 al. (06 Marks)
c. What is meant by reaction staging? Prove that the maximum stage efficiency of Parson's
2
(500//0 reactIon
.) b' . . b 2Cos a]
tur me IS given y Tls max = 2 (08 Marks)
1+Cos a]
8 a. How do you classify the hydraulic turbines? (04 Marks)
b. Design a Pelton wheel for a head of 80m and speed 300 rpm. The Pelton wheel develops
103 kW shaft power. Take coefficient of velocity 0.98, speed ratio 0.45 and overall
efficiency 0.80. (08 Marks)
c. A Kaplan turbine develops 9000 kW under a head of 10m. Overall efficiency of the turbine
is 85%. The speed ratio based on outer diameter is 2.2 and flow ratio 0.66. Diameter of the
boss is 0.4 times the outer diameter of the runner. Determine the diameter of the runner,
boss diameter and specific speed of the runner. (08 Marks)
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, May/June 2010
Fluid Machinery
1 a. Derive the relation for specific speed of a turbine and a pump. (08 Marks)
b. An axial flow pump with a rotor diameter of 30 cm handles water at a rate of 2.7 m3/min,
while operating at 1500 rpm. The corresponding energy input is 125 J/kg, the total to total 11
= 75%. If a second geometrically similar pump with a diameter of 20 cm operates at 3000
rpm, what are its i) Flow rate ii) Change in total pressure iii) Input power? (12 Marks)
2 a. Derive alternate turbine equation from Euler's turbine equation. (08 Marks)
b. The following data refer to a 50% degree of reaction axial flow turbo machine. Inlet fluid
velocity is 230 mis, inlet guide blade angle is 30°, inlet and outlet rotor angles are 60° and
25° respectively. Find utilization factor, axial thrust and power output per unit mass flow.
(12 Marks)
3 a. Derive relations for maximum energy transfer and maximum utilization factor in case of
axial flow impulse and 50% degree of reaction turbine. (10 Marks)
b. At a stage in 50% reaction axial flow turbine running at 3000 rpm, the blade mean diameter
is 685 mm. If the maximum utilization factor for the stage is 0.915, calculate inlet and outlet
velocities of fluid. Draw velocity triangles and find power output for a flow rate of 15 kg/s.
(10 Marks)
4 a. Show that the preheat factor in multistage compression is less than unity. (06 Marks)
b. Define for power generating turbo machines, with h-s diagrams, the following:
i) Total to total 11 ii) Total to static 11. (06 Marks)
c. A high pressure compressor changes the state of air from pressure PI = 1.01 bar and
temperature TI = 305 K to pressure Pz = 3 bar. The compressor 11 = 75%. Determine the
stage 11 of the compressor and show that preheat factor is less than unity. (08 Marks)
5 a. Derive a theoretical head capacity relationship for centrifugal pumps and compressors and
explain the influence of outlet blade angle. (10 Marks)
b. A centrifugal pump working under a head of 20 m operates at 600 rpm. If the blades are
curved backwards at 45° and velocity of flow is constant at 2 mis, calculate the impellor
diameter when 50% of the kinetic energy at impeller outlet is converted into pressure
energy. (10 Marks)
6 a. Explain the following terms with respect to axial flow compressors: i) Work done factor
ii) Vortex flow iii) Radial equilibrium condition. (09 Marks)
b. An axial flow compressor stage draws air at stagnation conditions of 1 atm and 35°C.
Assuming a 50% reaction stage with flow coefficient of 0.52 and ~Vu = 0.25, find the rotor
u
blade angles and mean rotor speed. The total to total'll of the stage is 0.87 when the stage
produces a total to total pressure ratio of 1.23. Find also the pressure coefficient and power
input to the system assuming work input factor to be 0.86. The mass flow rate is 12 kg/so
(11 Marks)
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
7 a. Show that the maximum efficiency for a single stage axial flow impulse steam turbine is
given by cos2 u1' where u1 = guide vane angle at inlet. (08 Marks)
b. In a Curtis stage, the rotors are both equiangular. The first rotor has angles of 29° each while
the second rotor has angles of 32° each. The velocity of steam at the exit of the nozzle is
530 m/s and blade efficiency coefficients are 0.9 in the first rotor and 0.95 in stator and in
the second rotor. The absolute velocity at the stage exit is axial. Find the mean blade speed,
rotor efficiency and power output for a flow rate of 3.2 kg/so (12 Marks)
8 a. Compare the main characteristic curves for the hydraulic turbines. (06 Marks)
b. Show that the exit pressure in hydraulic reaction turbines is less than atmospheric pressure.
(04 Marks)
C. In a power station a Pelton wheel produces 23125 kW under a ahead of 1770 m while
running at 750 rpm. Determine
i) The number of jets and jet diameter.
ii) Mean diameter of runner.
iii) Number of buckets.
Take Cv = 0.95, speed ratio = 0.46 and overall'll = 85%. (10 Marks)
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
