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OOP Important Definitions

The document provides essential definitions related to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), including concepts such as classes, objects, encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. It explains various types of inheritance, the roles of constructors and destructors, and the importance of function and operator overloading. Additionally, it covers access specifiers, friend functions, virtual functions, abstract classes, and pure virtual functions.

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36 views3 pages

OOP Important Definitions

The document provides essential definitions related to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), including concepts such as classes, objects, encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. It explains various types of inheritance, the roles of constructors and destructors, and the importance of function and operator overloading. Additionally, it covers access specifiers, friend functions, virtual functions, abstract classes, and pure virtual functions.

Uploaded by

oknotokay098
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OOP Important Definitions - Exam Revision

Class

A class is a user-defined blueprint or prototype from which objects are created. It contains data members

(variables) and member functions (methods).

Object

An object is an instance of a class. It represents a real-world entity and can access the class's data and

functions.

Encapsulation

Encapsulation is the process of binding data and functions together and keeping them safe from outside

interference. Achieved using classes.

Abstraction

Abstraction means showing only essential features and hiding the internal details. Achieved using access

specifiers and abstract classes.

Inheritance

Inheritance is the process by which one class (child/derived) inherits the properties and behaviors of another

class (parent/base). It supports code reusability.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism means the ability to take many forms. In OOP, it allows the same function or operator to

behave differently in different contexts.

Data Hiding

Data hiding means restricting access to internal data of a class from outside. It is achieved using private and

protected access specifiers.


OOP Important Definitions - Exam Revision

Compile-Time Polymorphism (Static Binding)

Achieved using function overloading and operator overloading.

Run-Time Polymorphism (Dynamic Binding)

Achieved using virtual functions and inheritance.

Single Inheritance

A child class inherits from one parent class.

Multiple Inheritance

A child class inherits from more than one parent class.

Multilevel Inheritance

A class is derived from another derived class.

Hierarchical Inheritance

Multiple classes are derived from a single base class.

Hybrid Inheritance

A combination of two or more types of inheritance.

Constructor

A special function automatically called when an object is created. Used to initialize objects.

Destructor

A special function automatically called when an object is destroyed. Used to free resources.
OOP Important Definitions - Exam Revision

Function Overloading

Defining multiple functions with the same name but different parameters.

Operator Overloading

Giving additional meaning to operators for user-defined data types.

Access Specifiers

Keywords used to define the access level of class members: private, protected, public.

Friend Function

A function that is not a member of the class but can access its private and protected members.

Virtual Function

A function defined in the base class and overridden in the derived class, used for runtime polymorphism.

Abstract Class

A class that contains at least one pure virtual function and cannot be instantiated.

Pure Virtual Function

A virtual function declared with = 0. It must be overridden in derived classes.

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